Article(id=1171165156785561744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)03-0097-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.05.10, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748275200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757157132574, onlineDateStr=2025-09-06, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757157132574, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757157132574, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757157132574, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1171165154017321083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1757157131914, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757582122913, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=97, endPage=107, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1171165156965916817, articleId=1171165156785561744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Planning of Regional Uranium Mine Transportation System Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer, columnId=null, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A regional mining transportation system optimization model based on complex network planning was constructed to address the characteristics of dispersed mining of uranium deposits, diverse development methods, and complex transportation system networks in the region. Under the conditions of regional mining, a comprehensive planning and development transportation system was developed to enhance the efficiency, economy, and scientific effectiveness of the regional mining transportation system. By analyzing the spatial and geographical relationships of regional mines and the concept of intensive development, a system network diagram was established. Using network flow theory and Grey Wolf Algorithm, the global optimal solution for the regional mining transportation system was obtained. The effectiveness of the model was validated in the Xiangshan uranium mining area, and the optimal regional transportation route and lowest cost plan for the mine were calculated. The results indicate that the model meets the requirements of large-scale and intensive regional mining transportation systems, and has effective planning effects on transportation systems. It provides technical support for the economic and efficient operation of the transportation system in the Xiangshan uranium mining field, and can also provide reference for the intelligent transportation system planning of other uranium mining bases.

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针对区域铀矿山矿床开采分散、开拓方式多样、运输系统网络复杂等特征,构建了基于复杂网络规划的区域矿山运输系统优化模型,在区域矿山开采条件下,综合规划开拓运输系统,提升区域矿山运输系统的高效性、经济性与科学有效性。通过分析区域矿山空间地理位置关系以及集约化开发理念,建立了系统网络图,运用网络流理论和灰狼算法,得到区域矿山运输系统全局最优方案。在相山铀矿田区域矿山进行了模型有效性验证,解算出矿山最优的区域运输路径与最低成本方案。结果表明,模型满足区域矿山运输系统的规模化、集约化要求,具有有效的运输系统规划效果。研究结果为相山铀矿田运输系统经济、高效运转提供了技术支撑,也可为其他铀矿大基地运输系统智能化规划提供借鉴。

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杨润生(1981—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事铀资源开发研究和管理工作。

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杨润生(1981—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事铀资源开发研究和管理工作。

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杨润生(1981—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事铀资源开发研究和管理工作。

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China Nuclear Mining Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing 101149, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171206523419141081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, companyId=1171206523402363863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中核矿业科技集团有限公司,北京 101149)]), AuthorCompany(id=1171206523482055642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171206523490444251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, companyId=1171206523482055642, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171206523498832860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, companyId=1171206523482055642, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京科技大学,北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1171206526304821254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic diagram of uranium resource distribution in Xiangshan ore field, figureFileSmall=DW+U8RpcUO4crY99Bt+Z2g==, figureFileBig=eMrf9SGhXplgSoY4yM3G9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206526405484551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=图1, caption=相山矿田主要铀资源位置示意图, figureFileSmall=DW+U8RpcUO4crY99Bt+Z2g==, figureFileBig=eMrf9SGhXplgSoY4yM3G9A==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=图3, caption=石洞矿床矿体平面分布图, figureFileSmall=fkpgFUSYgOajbIAxNJqFjA==, figureFileBig=4tQoy0keBX1eUmK1NS3GRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206526778777612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Typical transportation network diagram of Xiangshan uranium mine, figureFileSmall=lKv7CV/a6MkqvKOZoXmOvQ==, figureFileBig=JTuj2ZOufjuQuJr2DBMMJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206526871052301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=图4, caption=相山铀矿田典型运输网络图, figureFileSmall=lKv7CV/a6MkqvKOZoXmOvQ==, figureFileBig=JTuj2ZOufjuQuJr2DBMMJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206526959132686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Transportation route of Xiangshan uranium ore field, figureFileSmall=KI/9KdYq/i/4zuhlITOrJA==, figureFileBig=yg5RsCFVHEmso7OvfdM/+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206527034630159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=图5, caption=相山铀矿田运输路径, figureFileSmall=KI/9KdYq/i/4zuhlITOrJA==, figureFileBig=yg5RsCFVHEmso7OvfdM/+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206527118516240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Grey Wolf Algorithm optimization flowchart, figureFileSmall=TvtdVYlVMuBA0IddVIMaCw==, figureFileBig=DWefja0egi+LsbckKez1qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206527194013713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=图6, caption=灰狼算法优化流程图, figureFileSmall=TvtdVYlVMuBA0IddVIMaCw==, figureFileBig=DWefja0egi+LsbckKez1qA==, tableContent=null), 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articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=图8, caption=区域最佳开拓运输路径方案, figureFileSmall=EaPjscqBvbT806OBgKHFew==, figureFileBig=IeQ1ncj1c9WKPeMk4fnJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206527584083990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Three dimensional schematic diagram of regional development transportation system, figureFileSmall=O9SYo/5UuNLgv7fCXwzgbw==, figureFileBig=5uGeOph2l1OVKQmuQPF2Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206527663775767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=图9, caption=区域开拓运输系统三维示意图, figureFileSmall=O9SYo/5UuNLgv7fCXwzgbw==, figureFileBig=5uGeOph2l1OVKQmuQPF2Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206527747661848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Initial parameter table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 具体取值
种群规模(n) 过小易陷入局部最优,过大增加
计算耗时,取500
系数参数(aAC) a:初始值为2,随迭代线性递减至0
A:由a动态计算
C:在[0,2]间动态变化,增强个体搜索灵活性
最大迭代次数(MaxIter) 避免过早收敛或计算耗时过长,取200
), ArticleFig(id=1171206527818965017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

初始参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 具体取值
种群规模(n) 过小易陷入局部最优,过大增加
计算耗时,取500
系数参数(aAC) a:初始值为2,随迭代线性递减至0
A:由a动态计算
C:在[0,2]间动态变化,增强个体搜索灵活性
最大迭代次数(MaxIter) 避免过早收敛或计算耗时过长,取200
), ArticleFig(id=1171206527898656794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of representative schemes during the convergence process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 运输路线 运输总费用/万元
方案一 ①石洞(120 m中段)→李家岭北(120 m中段)→李家岭北(-320 m中段)→居隆庵21#→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(40 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(-240 m中段)→居隆庵7#(-240 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 508.20
方案二 ①石洞(0 m中段)→李家岭北(0 m中段)→李家岭北(160 m中段)→居隆庵7#(160 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(160 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 150.88
方案三 ①石洞(120 m中段)→李家岭北(120 m中段)→居隆庵7#(120 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(-400 m中段)→居隆庵7#(-400 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 053.26
方案四 ①石洞(80 m中段)→居隆庵7#(80 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(-400 m中段)→居隆庵7#矿床(-400 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 000.25
方案五 ①石洞(120 m中段)→居隆庵7#(120 m中段)→居隆庵主竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂运输平台(200 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
4 557.68
方案六 ①石洞(120 m中段)→李家岭南(120 m中段)→居隆庵主竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
4 509.12
), ArticleFig(id=1171206527995125787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156785561744, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

收敛过程中代表方案对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 运输路线 运输总费用/万元
方案一 ①石洞(120 m中段)→李家岭北(120 m中段)→李家岭北(-320 m中段)→居隆庵21#→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(40 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(-240 m中段)→居隆庵7#(-240 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 508.20
方案二 ①石洞(0 m中段)→李家岭北(0 m中段)→李家岭北(160 m中段)→居隆庵7#(160 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(160 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 150.88
方案三 ①石洞(120 m中段)→李家岭北(120 m中段)→居隆庵7#(120 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(-400 m中段)→居隆庵7#(-400 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 053.26
方案四 ①石洞(80 m中段)→居隆庵7#(80 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→李家岭北(200 m中段)→李家岭北(-400 m中段)→居隆庵7#矿床(-400 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
5 000.25
方案五 ①石洞(120 m中段)→居隆庵7#(120 m中段)→居隆庵主竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂运输平台(200 m中段)→居隆庵竖井→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
4 557.68
方案六 ①石洞(120 m中段)→李家岭南(120 m中段)→居隆庵主竖井→水冶厂;
②书堂(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
③李家岭北(200 m中段)→200 m主平硐→水冶厂;
④李家岭南、居隆庵7#浅部以及居隆庵21#均通过各中段巷道运输至竖井提升,最终至水冶厂
4 509.12
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基于灰狼算法的区域铀矿山运输系统规划研究
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杨润生 1 , 霍晨琛 1 , 任赛 1 , 任晓飞 2 , 马靖宇 2 , 侯杰 2
铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025,44(3): 97-107
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025, 44(3): 97-107
基于灰狼算法的区域铀矿山运输系统规划研究
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杨润生1, 霍晨琛1, 任赛1, 任晓飞2, 马靖宇2, 侯杰2
作者信息
  • 1.中核矿业科技集团有限公司,北京 101149
  • 2.北京科技大学,北京 100083
  • 杨润生(1981—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事铀资源开发研究和管理工作。

Planning of Regional Uranium Mine Transportation System Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer
Runsheng YANG1, Chenchen HUO1, Sai REN1, Xiaofei REN2, Jingyu MA2, Jie HOU2
Affiliations
  • 1. China Nuclear Mining Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing 101149, China
  • 2. University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.05.10
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针对区域铀矿山矿床开采分散、开拓方式多样、运输系统网络复杂等特征,构建了基于复杂网络规划的区域矿山运输系统优化模型,在区域矿山开采条件下,综合规划开拓运输系统,提升区域矿山运输系统的高效性、经济性与科学有效性。通过分析区域矿山空间地理位置关系以及集约化开发理念,建立了系统网络图,运用网络流理论和灰狼算法,得到区域矿山运输系统全局最优方案。在相山铀矿田区域矿山进行了模型有效性验证,解算出矿山最优的区域运输路径与最低成本方案。结果表明,模型满足区域矿山运输系统的规模化、集约化要求,具有有效的运输系统规划效果。研究结果为相山铀矿田运输系统经济、高效运转提供了技术支撑,也可为其他铀矿大基地运输系统智能化规划提供借鉴。

铀矿床  /  相山  /  开拓运输系统  /  网络流  /  灰狼算法  /  集约化

A regional mining transportation system optimization model based on complex network planning was constructed to address the characteristics of dispersed mining of uranium deposits, diverse development methods, and complex transportation system networks in the region. Under the conditions of regional mining, a comprehensive planning and development transportation system was developed to enhance the efficiency, economy, and scientific effectiveness of the regional mining transportation system. By analyzing the spatial and geographical relationships of regional mines and the concept of intensive development, a system network diagram was established. Using network flow theory and Grey Wolf Algorithm, the global optimal solution for the regional mining transportation system was obtained. The effectiveness of the model was validated in the Xiangshan uranium mining area, and the optimal regional transportation route and lowest cost plan for the mine were calculated. The results indicate that the model meets the requirements of large-scale and intensive regional mining transportation systems, and has effective planning effects on transportation systems. It provides technical support for the economic and efficient operation of the transportation system in the Xiangshan uranium mining field, and can also provide reference for the intelligent transportation system planning of other uranium mining bases.

uranium deposits  /  Xiangshan  /  developing transportation systems  /  network flow  /  Grey Wolf Optimizer  /  intensive
杨润生, 霍晨琛, 任赛, 任晓飞, 马靖宇, 侯杰. 基于灰狼算法的区域铀矿山运输系统规划研究. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (3) : 97 -107 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.05.10
Runsheng YANG, Chenchen HUO, Sai REN, Xiaofei REN, Jingyu MA, Jie HOU. Planning of Regional Uranium Mine Transportation System Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (3) : 97 -107 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.05.10
相山矿田是中国品位较高、矿量丰富的热液脉型铀矿田[1],位于江西省中部,在该区域相继发现了邹家山、居隆庵、沙洲等近30个铀矿床[2]。矿田大致分布在东北部和西南部2个相对集中的区域,各区域内部又分布着较为密集的矿床集群,大部分矿床为中小型矿床,呈多、小、散矿群产出。相山铀矿田铀资源丰富,保有资源可靠,矿床分散但又相对集中,包括多个大中型矿床,具备规模化、集约化开发基本条件。
开拓运输系统是矿山重要的生产体系,它把矿山生产各个环节有机联系起来,是保证矿山生产活动得以正常进行和发展的基础环节,安全高效的矿山开拓运输系统对矿山产能规模、安全生产、经济效益具有重要意义,运输设备的升级对主运输巷道也提出了更高要求[3]。传统的矿山建设模式一般以单个矿床为建设单元,开拓运输系统通常为单一矿山服务的运输体系,采用各自独立、分散、小规模的传统开采方式,形成了以矿床、矿体为单元的开拓布局,不适应矿田规模化、集约化要求[4]。目前,相山铀矿田提出“集聚资源、集约开发”的思路,由多矿山整合而成的区域矿山对开拓运输系统提出了更高要求,针对单一矿床传统的开拓运输存在建设速度慢、运行效率低、运输成本高等问题,有必要从区域矿山开发全局角度开展开拓运输系统整体规划研究,构建一个运输功少、运行效率大、经济合理、技术先进,以及满足区域资源开发、矿石运输等系统要求的综合性开拓运输系统,从而实现矿田规模化、集约化开发。
目前,较成熟的开拓运输系统规划和优化方法有经济比较法、综合比较法等工程类比方法[5-6],该类方法对进行比较的方案数量有较大制约,比选过程中存在较多定性判断;而且大多开拓运输系统规划是针对单体矿山的井巷工程和地面运输道路进行优化。随着优化理论、决策分析以及智能算法等在矿山中的应用,国内外学者对矿山运输系统优化模型与方法进行了深入研究,图论是研究运输问题的经典理论与方法,孙效玉等从图论角度分析矿山道路网,进行了矿山运输系统优化模型及解算方式的探讨[7];林启太等将模糊综合评判模型应用于矿山开拓运输系统实例中[8];周科平等提出改进蚁群算法在地下矿运输路径优化的应用[9]。近年来,灰狼算法(Grey Wolf Optimizer,GWO)作为新兴智能优化算法,具有结构简单、需要调节的参数少,具有自适应调整、局部与全局搜索平衡、群体协作机制,以及快速收敛等特点[10-11],被广泛用于路径规划、参数优化等领域。张朋超等基于改进灰狼算法对无人矿车路径进行规划[12];刘云平等提出灰狼算法的无人机路径规划应用[13];张威等基于改进灰狼算法开展变电站巡检机器人路径规划[14];顾清华等[15]基于灰狼算法提出了多金属露天矿多目标生产计划优化问题建模及求解算法;张芝超[16]改进灰狼算法对矿井风网风量进行了优化与解算。
根据集约化、规模化开发理念,笔者提出基于网络流和灰狼算法理论的相山铀矿田区域矿山开拓运输系统规划与优化模型,解决多入口、多出口、不同开拓方式的开拓运输优化问题,将复杂网络下的区域矿山运输系统优化问题转化为网络流问题,以综合成本最低为目标,采用灰狼算法对模型求解和验证。
相山矿田位于相山火山盆地,盆地总体呈椭圆型由北向南展布,东西长约20 km,南北宽约14 km,面积约318 km2。相山铀矿田铀矿化空间分布不均匀,矿床主要分布在矿田北部和西部(图1)。从目前勘探程度看,矿田内铀矿床垂幅为200~1 100 m,其中矿田西部的矿床,矿化垂幅较大;而东部和北部的矿床,矿化垂幅较小[2]。相山铀矿田矿体规模以中、小矿体为主,矿体总体走向近南北,倾向南东或北东,矿体形态复杂,大部分矿体呈脉状或透镜状。
对居隆庵、李家岭、石洞和书堂铀矿床提出以居隆庵矿床为核心矿床的区域铀资源整合利用方案。居隆庵矿床矿体平面上分为21号带(以下简称“居隆庵21#”)和7号带(以下简称“居隆庵7#”),矿体总体走向近南北,倾向南东或北东,矿体赋存标高-580~400 m,垂深980 m,在剖面上矿体总体呈上部收敛、下部撒开的帚状且成群展布的特殊形态(图2)。李家岭矿床地表可划分为13条矿带,其中6号和13号为本矿床主矿带,矿体北部集中赋存标高190~770 m;南部集中赋存标高-290~590 m,矿体呈脉状、透镜状,以中、小型矿体为主。石洞矿床共分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号3条矿带,Ⅰ号矿带位于邹家山—石洞断裂上盘,受北西向F1断裂控制,矿带长约650 m、宽约80 m,最大垂深375 m;Ⅱ号矿带位于邹家山—石洞断裂上盘,受北西向F2断裂控制,矿带长500 m,最大垂深240 m,宽70 m左右;Ⅲ号矿带位于邹家山—石洞断裂下盘,受北西向F3断裂控制,矿带长300 m,最大垂深195 m,宽仅几米(图3)。书堂矿床矿体矿化严格受裂隙构造带控制,矿化带总长1 100余米,宽200~300 m,平面上整体走向北东,呈“左行侧列”,矿化幅度超340 m,剖面上呈斜列分布。
由居隆庵、李家岭、石洞和书堂铀矿床构成的区域铀资源赋存标、资源规模高差异较大,为此根据各矿床矿体赋存条件、地表地形条件、开拓方式等因素,应用网络流理论建立网络结构优化模型,基于灰狼算法对复杂网络流问题进行智能求解优化,确定区域铀矿山开拓运输系统。
网络流的基础理论是图论,从直观上来说是由若干节点和节点之间的部分构成的点线图。用节点表示现实世界中离散系统中的个体,用边表示个体之间具有待分析的某种关系属性,从而形成一个复杂网络。再采用分析网络结构的理论方法,来达到分析离散复杂系统结构和规律的目的。
图(graph)是一个二元组G=[V(G),E(G)]。其中V(G)是非空集,称为点集,对于V中的每个元素,我们称其为顶点或节点,简称点;E(G)为V(G)各结点之间边的集合,称为边集。常用G=(V,E)表示图。当V和E都是有限集合时,称G为有限图。当V和E都是无限集合时,称G为无限图。
网络(network)是指一个特殊的有向图G=(V,E),其与一般有向图的不同之处在于有容量和源汇点。E中每条边(u,v)都有一个被称为容量的权值,记作c(u,v)。当(u,v)∉E时,可以假定c(u,v)=0。V中有2个特殊的点,源点s和汇点t(st)。对于网络G=(V,E),流是一个从边集E到整数集或实数集的函数,其满足容量限制、流量守恒原则[17]
在该矿区开拓运输系统网络图中,其核心对象是矿石的流动,源点s为矿床各中段矿石,途径各种运输巷道,包括中段巷道、运输平台、平硐等,最后运至汇点t竖井或平硐口,最终运至地表水冶厂,每条边的权值c(u,v)则由运输费用决定,从而可以把各分区的开拓运输系统工程映射为一个完整的开拓运输系统网络图。构建区域系统网络图的详细步骤如下:1)确定网络节点。按照40 m中段高度对矿床进行划分,将每一个划分后的中段设定为一个节点;把每个出矿口包括竖井或平硐口,均设定为一个独立的节点。2)确定网络边。针对每一条实际存在的矿石运输巷道,在网络图中构建与之对应的边;无论是中段巷道、运输平台还是平硐等不同类型的运输通道,都在网络图中有其对应的边;这样确保了实际的开拓运输工程与网络图中的边建立一一对应关系,使得网络图能够准确反映实际运输系统的连接情况。3)构建网络流模型。将整个开拓运输系统视为一个网络流,其中矿石作为流量在网络中流动;从矿床各中段节点出发,沿着运输巷道对应的边,向出矿口节点流动,模拟了实际矿石从地下开采点到最终输出点的运输过程。
基于构建区域矿山运输系统网络图的步骤,同时考虑运输巷道的建设成本、矿石的运输成本、运输距离等因素,可搭建相山铀矿田基地典型运输网络图(图4),给每条边赋予响应的费用表示,为后续矿床运输路径优化目标对应数学模型的建立提供计算依据。其中:An代表各矿床中段标高;Gn(Qn,Δhn,rp)表示中段汇聚成本,其中Qn为某矿床第n中段的矿石量,Δhn为某中段到汇聚中段的高度,rp为盲竖井或溜井的单位建设及运输成本总和;Ti表示当前矿床汇聚点到运输平台起点成本或运输平台终点到下一矿床汇聚点的成本;$TP_{\mathrm{p}}^{q}$为运输平台转运成本。
2014年澳大利亚学者Mirjalili提出了灰狼优化算法[18],每一只灰狼个体可以对应可能路径中的一条,通过多维度的模拟机制将复杂的地下矿山矿石运输路径规划问题转化为算法可处理的优化模型,使得每一只灰狼个体都能在庞大的搜索空间中依据算法规则逐步探索,从而找到最优路径。灰狼算法运行机理包括以下五部分。
在GWO算法应用于各运输中段至水冶厂最佳路径规划时,首先在路径搜索空间中随机生成代表不同路径组合的灰狼族群。为构建灰狼的社会等级制度模型,将种群中适应度值最优解、次优解和第三优解分别看作α狼、β狼和δ狼,而剩余的解被视为ω狼;然后由α狼、β狼和δ狼来负责引导,ω狼则跟随α狼、β狼和δ狼,通过在运输网络中搜寻可能的路径节点、包围路径上的关键中转点以及向最终的最佳路径发起“攻击”(确定最优路径)来完成整个运输路径的优化,最终获取从各运输中段到水冶厂的最优路径。
当使用灰狼算法搜索运输路径上的关键节点时,灰狼种群会逐渐地接近包围猎物(最佳路径),该行为的数学模型如下:
$\boldsymbol{D}=\left|\boldsymbol{C} \cdot \boldsymbol{X}_{\mathrm{p}}(t)-\boldsymbol{X}(t)\right|,$
$\boldsymbol{X}(t+1)=\boldsymbol{X}_{\mathrm{p}}(t)-\boldsymbol{A} \cdot \boldsymbol{D},$
式(1)表示灰狼个体与猎物之间的距离;式(2)为灰狼的位置更新公式。式中:D—表示灰狼个体与猎物(即最优解)之间的距离向量;t—目前的迭代的次数;Xp—表示猎物的位置向量;X(t)—表示当前灰狼的位置向量;X(t+1)—表示下一次迭代灰狼的位置向量;AC—协同系数向量,具体计算公式如下:
A=2a·r1-a,
C=2·r2,
式中:a是收敛因子,随着迭代次数从2线性减少到0,r1r2的模取[0,1]之间的随机数。
当灰狼识别出最佳路径的位置后,β狼和δ狼在α狼的带领下确定最佳路径上的关键节点范围。在优化运输路径问题的决策空间中,对最佳运输路径组合并不了解;因此为了模拟灰狼的狩猎行为,我们假设α狼、β狼和δ狼更了解猎物的潜在位置,即保留取得的3个最优运输路径组合方案,然后根这三者的位置信息来确定最佳路径的核心走向,同时强迫其他灰狼个体依据最优灰狼个体的位置来调整路径组合向最优靠近,逐渐逼近最佳路径。
灰狼个体跟踪猎物位置的数学模型如下:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \boldsymbol{D}_{\alpha}=\left|\boldsymbol{C}_{1} \cdot \boldsymbol{X}_{\alpha}-\boldsymbol{X}\right| \\ \boldsymbol{D}_{\beta}=\left|\boldsymbol{C}_{2} \cdot \boldsymbol{X}_{\beta}-\boldsymbol{X}\right|, \\ \boldsymbol{D}_{\delta}=\left|\boldsymbol{C}_{3} \cdot \boldsymbol{X}_{\delta}-\boldsymbol{X}\right| \end{array}\right.$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \boldsymbol{X}_{1}=\boldsymbol{X}_{\alpha}-\boldsymbol{A}_{1} \cdot \boldsymbol{X}_{\alpha} \\ \boldsymbol{X}_{2}=\boldsymbol{X}_{\beta}-\boldsymbol{A}_{2} \cdot \boldsymbol{X}_{\beta}, \\ \boldsymbol{X}_{3}=\boldsymbol{X}_{\grave{\delta}}-\boldsymbol{A}_{3} \cdot \boldsymbol{X}_{\grave{\delta}}, \end{array}\right.$
$\boldsymbol{X}(t+1)=\frac{\boldsymbol{X}_{1}+\boldsymbol{X}_{2}+\boldsymbol{X}_{3}}{3},$
式中:α、β、δ是灰狼算法中模拟灰狼社会等级的三类个体,分别表示最优、次优、第三优;DαDβDδ分别表示α狼、β狼和δ狼路径与其他路径组合间的差异向量;XαXβXδ分别代表α狼、β狼和δ狼的当前路径;C1C2C3是随机向量,X是当前路径组合向量。
当运输路径优化过程中,灰狼通过攻击来完成狩猎过程。为了获取最优路径结果,a的值被逐渐减小,因此A的波动范围也随之减小。换句话说,在迭代过程中,当a的值从2线性下降到0时,其对应的A的值也在区间[-a,a]内变化,当A的值位于区间内时,灰狼的下一位置可以位于当前路径和最佳路径的任意位置;当A<1时狼群向猎物发起攻击,即陷入局部最优运输路径组合方案。
在运输路径优化应用里,灰狼根据α、β和δ的位置来搜索最优运输路径组合。灰狼在寻找猎物时彼此分开,分别寻找各矿床的最优运输路径;然后聚集在一起整合优质路径信息,从而确定最佳运输路径。基于数学建模的散度,可以用大于1或小于-1的随机值来迫使灰狼与跳出局部最优,探索新路径,这强调了搜索并允许GWO算法全局搜索最优运输路径解。
对相山铀矿田由中段矿石开始到达竖井或平硐口的所有可能存在的运输路径进行梳理(图5),结合居隆庵、李家岭、石洞和书堂矿床资源赋存特征以及无轨运输要求等,居隆庵7#深部采用斜坡道开拓,溜井下放至最低标高进行统一出矿;李家岭南浅部采用平硐开拓,因其平硐不用于矿石运输,需要将浅部矿石下放至合适中段,从竖井出矿;石洞、书堂矿床因距离出矿口远,各中段直接联通出矿口成本过高,考虑先在矿床内部汇集至某一中段,再进行统一运输。
基于2.2中已建立的矿区开拓运输系统网络流,结合各个矿床从中段运输至地表的所有运输方式确定最优运输路径,使其总运输费用最小。由此构建的开拓运输系统优化数学模型如下:
$\min Z=\sum_{i \in n} d_{i j} c_{i j} q_{i j}+\sum_{i \in n} e_{i j} w_{i j},$
式中:dij——表示矿石从i地点运至j地点的运输距离,m;cij——表示矿石从i地点运至j地点的单位运输费用,元/(t·m);qij——表示i地点需转运至j地点的矿石量,t;eij——表示矿石从i地点运至j地点的单位建设费用,元/m;wij——表示矿石从i地点运至j地点的总建设距离,m。
利用灰狼算法规划优化居隆庵、李家岭、石洞、书堂区域矿山开拓运输方案,步骤见图6。步骤1:程序开始运行前,设置灰狼种群数目naAC、最大迭代次数(表1);步骤2:种群初始化,利用高斯映射随机初始化种群,得到的解作为初始种群,计算灰狼适应度,保留适应度最好的前三匹狼α、β和δ及对应适应度;步骤3:对灰狼位置进行更新,同时对系数aAC进行更新,计算更新后灰狼的适应度,并与上一代对比,更新最好的前三匹狼α、β和δ及其对应适应度;步骤4:算法满足最大迭代次数的终止条件,输出最优的运输路径及对应的最小费用,若未符合终止条件,返回步骤3。
规划区域内矿床由居隆庵7#、居隆庵21#、李家岭南、李家岭北、书堂、石洞组成。使用灰狼算法对区域所有矿床的矿石运输路径进行优化,在优化结果中可以得到运输平台的建设位置以及满足区域矿石总运输费用最小的矿床运输路径。灰狼算法在优化过程中的适应度(最小费用)迭代收敛曲线见图7
为了突显算法逼近最优解的收敛过程,特列出优化过程中适应度(费用)变化较大的6个运输方案以及对应的运输路线(表2)。方案六为最优开拓运输系统,综合费用最小,为了直观展现区域矿山地下开拓运输过程,运输路线示意图见图8,三维数字化模型见图9
区域内各矿床具体开拓运输方式:1)居隆庵7#矿床由居隆庵竖井开拓,其内部中段分为浅部和深部,浅部各中段均采用有轨运输,矿石开采后直接由矿车通过中段巷道运至竖井进行提升;深部中段标高范围为-560 m至-280 m,深部中段全部采用无轨运输,所有中段矿石统一依靠溜井下放至最低标高-560 m中段,使用矿用卡车运至竖井集中提升。2)居隆庵21#矿床由居隆庵竖井开拓,各中段巷道皆与居隆庵竖井相连,中段标高范围为440 m至-120 m,各中段矿石可直接由竖井提升。3)李家岭南部矿床中段标高240 m至560 m采用平硐开拓,此部分中段巷道通过建立溜井将各中段矿石集中下放至200 m标高,随200 m中段统一经居隆庵7#中段巷道运输至居隆庵竖井场地;-240 m至200 m中段经居隆庵相同标高中段巷道,运向居隆庵竖井,竖井提升后运至水冶厂。4)李家岭北部矿床中段标高240 m至320 m采用平硐开拓,此部分中段矿石集中汇聚至240 m中段后,通过240 m平硐集中运输至水冶厂;-560 m至200 m中段采用竖井开拓,依靠李家岭北部开拓竖井提升至200 m中段,通过运输平台连接200 m平硐口集中运输至水冶厂。5)书堂200 m至440 m中段由平硐开拓,修建溜井使所有中段矿石集中下放至200 m中段,通过运输平台连接200 m平硐口运输至水冶厂。6)石洞0 m至200 m中段采用独立竖井开拓,使用竖井将所有中段矿石集中汇聚至120 m中段,通过运输平台连接李家岭南120 m中段,通过其中段运输巷道运至竖井提升,最后通过地表运输到达水冶厂。
1)在相山铀矿田集聚资源集约开发理念基础上,运用网络流理论分析了区域铀矿山开拓运输系统结构,建立了基于网络流的区域矿山开拓运输系统概念模型,为开拓运输系统优化奠定了基础。
2)区域矿山运输系统规划模型采用全局优化思想,同时综合考虑了区域内所有矿山的运输路径,针对区域矿山复杂开拓运输系统问题,基于灰狼算法构建区域矿山开拓运输系统优化模型,得出最优运输路径,进一步降低成本费用,为矿田经济高效开发提供了技术支撑。
3)针对区域矿山运输系统网络复杂特点,采用灰狼算法能够有效求解问题,灰狼算法在矿山复杂开拓运输系统优化中具有较好的适用性,可为铀矿大基地复杂开拓运输系统规划提供技术支撑。
  • 中核铀业揭榜挂帅项目(A50-20)
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2025年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.05.10
  • 接收时间:2025-05-27
  • 首发时间:2025-09-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27
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中核铀业揭榜挂帅项目(A50-20)
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    1.中核矿业科技集团有限公司,北京 101149
    2.北京科技大学,北京 100083
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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