Article(id=1171165156026400844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)03-0123-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.01.04, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737648000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757157132392, onlineDateStr=2025-09-06, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757157132392, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757157132392, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757157132392, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1171165154017321083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1757157131914, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757582122913, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1171165156252893262, articleId=1171165156026400844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Investigation of Radiation Environment Level in an In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In-situ leaching uranium has become one of the important techniques in uranium mining and metallurgy of China after more than 40 years of experimental research and industrial application. However, the radioactive wastewater, radioactive waste gas and radioactive solid wastewater produced by long-term in-situ leaching uranium will have impact of different extent on the ecological environment around the mine, which pose adverse effect on public health and environmental safety. In order to understand the radiation environment of in-situ leaching uranium mine, taking an in-situ leaching uranium mine in Xinjiang as the investigation object, radiation environment investigation and research during production and operation period of mine were carried out on the basis of the site investigation and sample analysis. The results show that the radioactivity levels of monitoring media such as ambient air, terrestrial gamma, surface water, groundwater, soil, biological samples, and radon exhalation rate around the in-situ leaching uranium mine are basically within the radioactive background level range of Xinjiang region or the applied standard limits, besides the radiation environmental quality meet the corresponding requirements and the radiation environmental risk is controllable. In the future production and operation period of in-situ leaching mine, mining enterprises should strengthen the awareness of environmental protection, through establishing and improving environmental management and monitoring plans, formulating scientific and effective radiation protection measures, strengthening environmental monitoring and emergency management and other measures to ensure the impact of mining activities on the environment is minimized, public health and environmental safety is guaranteed and development of in-situ leaching uranium mining is further improved.

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王亚兰(1986—),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事铀矿冶辐射防护与环境保护工作。

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王亚兰(1986—),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事铀矿冶辐射防护与环境保护工作。

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王亚兰(1986—),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事铀矿冶辐射防护与环境保护工作。

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Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2010, 29(1):29-32 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Analysis of environmental impact about in-situ leaching uranium mines of Xinjiang and measures of pollution prevention, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1171206349850460440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=3, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=中华人民共和国卫生部, journalName=食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准:GB 14882—1994, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准:GB 14882—1994[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1994:1-3., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1171206343609335922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171206343617724531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, companyId=1171206343609335922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171206343626113140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, companyId=1171206343609335922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1171206345379332268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Investigation point distribution schematic diagram, figureFileSmall=WRyg7ETF7+fiw31DB3yvJQ==, figureFileBig=VFVjVarVddY+goywyUvuag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206345438052526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=图1, caption=调查布点示意图, figureFileSmall=WRyg7ETF7+fiw31DB3yvJQ==, figureFileBig=VFVjVarVddY+goywyUvuag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206345488384176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Continuous radon of village B and village D, figureFileSmall=9DSL5cWj+ZKMEqy18al/WQ==, figureFileBig=yMlRfZ1Nv5g3XrXX/KaIDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206345547104433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=图2, caption=B村、D村连续氡浓度监测结果, figureFileSmall=9DSL5cWj+ZKMEqy18al/WQ==, figureFileBig=yMlRfZ1Nv5g3XrXX/KaIDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206345622601907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Investigation content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测介质 监测项目 采样点
空气 瞬时222Rn 矿区边界处、B村、C村、D村
连续222Rn B村及D村室内外
陆地γ γ辐射空气吸收剂量率 矿区边界处、B村、C村、D村
地表水 U天然226Ra、Th、总α、总β A河上游、下游
地下水 U天然226Ra 矿区边界外监测孔
土壤 238U、226Ra、232Th、222Rn析出率 矿区边界处、B村、C村、D村
动植物 238U、226Ra、232Th B村及D村羊肉、玉米、小麦
), ArticleFig(id=1171206345689710773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查内容

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测介质 监测项目 采样点
空气 瞬时222Rn 矿区边界处、B村、C村、D村
连续222Rn B村及D村室内外
陆地γ γ辐射空气吸收剂量率 矿区边界处、B村、C村、D村
地表水 U天然226Ra、Th、总α、总β A河上游、下游
地下水 U天然226Ra 矿区边界外监测孔
土壤 238U、226Ra、232Th、222Rn析出率 矿区边界处、B村、C村、D村
动植物 238U、226Ra、232Th B村及D村羊肉、玉米、小麦
), ArticleFig(id=1171206345781985463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Method,instrument and detection limit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 监测方法依据 监测仪器 检出限
陆地γ
空气
γ辐射空气吸收剂量率 HJ 1157—2021 BH3103-B型X-γ剂量率仪 1 nGy/h
222Rn HJ 1212—2021 RAD7测氡仪 3.7 Bq/m3
U天然 HJ 840—2017 MUA-D微量铀分析仪 0.04 μg/L
226Ra GB/T 11214—1989 FH463B (FD-125)智能定标仪(含氡钍分析器) 2 mBq/L
Th HJ 776—2015 ICAP-PRD电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪 0.05 μg/L
总α EJ/T 1075—1998 低本底αβ检测仪 0.02 Bq/L
总β EJ/T 900—1994 低本底αβ检测仪 0.05 Bq/L
土壤 238U GB/T 16145—2022 ARL多道伽马能谱仪 6.30 Bq/kg
232Th 1.34 Bq/kg
226Ra 1.44 Bq/kg
生物 238U GB/T 16145—2022 ARL多道伽马能谱仪 0.07 Bq/kg
232Th 0.04 Bq/kg
GB 14883.6—2016 FD-125氡钍分析仪
226Ra 0.04 Bq/kg
), ArticleFig(id=1171206345849094329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

监测方法、仪器及检出限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 监测方法依据 监测仪器 检出限
陆地γ
空气
γ辐射空气吸收剂量率 HJ 1157—2021 BH3103-B型X-γ剂量率仪 1 nGy/h
222Rn HJ 1212—2021 RAD7测氡仪 3.7 Bq/m3
U天然 HJ 840—2017 MUA-D微量铀分析仪 0.04 μg/L
226Ra GB/T 11214—1989 FH463B (FD-125)智能定标仪(含氡钍分析器) 2 mBq/L
Th HJ 776—2015 ICAP-PRD电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪 0.05 μg/L
总α EJ/T 1075—1998 低本底αβ检测仪 0.02 Bq/L
总β EJ/T 900—1994 低本底αβ检测仪 0.05 Bq/L
土壤 238U GB/T 16145—2022 ARL多道伽马能谱仪 6.30 Bq/kg
232Th 1.34 Bq/kg
226Ra 1.44 Bq/kg
生物 238U GB/T 16145—2022 ARL多道伽马能谱仪 0.07 Bq/kg
232Th 0.04 Bq/kg
GB 14883.6—2016 FD-125氡钍分析仪
226Ra 0.04 Bq/kg
), ArticleFig(id=1171206345916203195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistics of instantaneous radon monitoring results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 测点数 瞬时C(222Rn)/(Bq/m3)
范围 均值
矿区边界处 25 33.5~61.0 46.2
B村 20 31.1~59.5 44.0
C村 20 30.2~53.7 40.5
D村 20 36.6~48.2 42.1
矿山所在地区[18]55 29.0~68.1 48.2
), ArticleFig(id=1171206345974923453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

瞬时氡测量结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 测点数 瞬时C(222Rn)/(Bq/m3)
范围 均值
矿区边界处 25 33.5~61.0 46.2
B村 20 31.1~59.5 44.0
C村 20 30.2~53.7 40.5
D村 20 36.6~48.2 42.1
矿山所在地区[18]55 29.0~68.1 48.2
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346046226623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Statistics of monitoring results of gamma radiation airborne absorbed dose rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 测点
数/个
γ辐射空气吸收剂量率/(nGy/h)
范围 均值
矿区边界处 25 60~128 72.1
B村 20 46~115 64.0
C村 20 56~119 65.5
D村 20 40~102 59.2
新疆地区[19]671 50.2~403.5 102.2
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346146889921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

γ辐射空气吸收剂量率监测结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 测点
数/个
γ辐射空气吸收剂量率/(nGy/h)
范围 均值
矿区边界处 25 60~128 72.1
B村 20 46~115 64.0
C村 20 56~119 65.5
D村 20 40~102 59.2
新疆地区[19]671 50.2~403.5 102.2
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346247553219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Statistics of radionuclide monitoring results in surface water

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 测点数/个 ρ(U天然)/(μg/L) ρ(Th)/(μg/L) C(226Ra)/(mBq/L) C(总α)/(Bq/L) C(总β)/(Bq/L)
范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值
A河上游 6 0.87~1.51 1.33 0.46~0.53 0.50 2.84~6.59 4.21 0.03~0.10 0.06 0.13~0.31 0.23
A河下游 6 1.28~3.26 1.92 0.39~0.58 0.49 4.20~8.41 5.75 0.04~0.12 0.08 0.13~0.25 0.21
新疆河流[19]683 0.45~17.18 0.05~1.12 0.83~8.62
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346339827909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

地表水放射性核素监测结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 测点数/个 ρ(U天然)/(μg/L) ρ(Th)/(μg/L) C(226Ra)/(mBq/L) C(总α)/(Bq/L) C(总β)/(Bq/L)
范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值
A河上游 6 0.87~1.51 1.33 0.46~0.53 0.50 2.84~6.59 4.21 0.03~0.10 0.06 0.13~0.31 0.23
A河下游 6 1.28~3.26 1.92 0.39~0.58 0.49 4.20~8.41 5.75 0.04~0.12 0.08 0.13~0.25 0.21
新疆河流[19]683 0.45~17.18 0.05~1.12 0.83~8.62
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346406936775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Statistics results of radionuclide measurements in groundwater

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测
点位
测点
数/个
ρ(U天然)/(μg/L) C(226Ra)/(mBq/L)
范围 均值 范围 均值
边界外
监测孔
10 0.05~3.76 1.05 2.12~8.45 6.23
新疆地区[19]683 0.44~20.40 0.83~8.77
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346486628553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

地下水放射性核素测量结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测
点位
测点
数/个
ρ(U天然)/(μg/L) C(226Ra)/(mBq/L)
范围 均值 范围 均值
边界外
监测孔
10 0.05~3.76 1.05 2.12~8.45 6.23
新疆地区[19]683 0.44~20.40 0.83~8.77
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346553737418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Statistics results of radionuclide measurements in soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 测点数/个 a(238U)/(Bq/kg) a(232Th)/(Bq/kg) a(226Ra)/(Bq/kg)
范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值
矿区边界处 4 26.8~39.2 35.6 34.2~48.6 42.8 23.2~48.2 38.9
B村 5 22.7~29.7 25.9 28.9~34.3 30.4 22.4~29.3 26.1
C村 5 25.4~32.4 27.4 24.3~31.9 27.6 25.1~30.9 28.7
D村 5 19.4~38.1 25.7 23.2~44.2 30.1 21.6~43.8 29.4
新疆地区[19]678 10.19~79.09 26.53~65.05 18.42~54.53
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346704732364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

土壤放射性核素测量结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 测点数/个 a(238U)/(Bq/kg) a(232Th)/(Bq/kg) a(226Ra)/(Bq/kg)
范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值
矿区边界处 4 26.8~39.2 35.6 34.2~48.6 42.8 23.2~48.2 38.9
B村 5 22.7~29.7 25.9 28.9~34.3 30.4 22.4~29.3 26.1
C村 5 25.4~32.4 27.4 24.3~31.9 27.6 25.1~30.9 28.7
D村 5 19.4~38.1 25.7 23.2~44.2 30.1 21.6~43.8 29.4
新疆地区[19]678 10.19~79.09 26.53~65.05 18.42~54.53
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346784424141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Statistics results of radionuclide measurements in biological fresh samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 a(238U)/(Bq/kg) a(232Th)/(Bq/kg) a(226Ra)/(Bq/kg)
范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值
B村 小麦 0.23~0.52 0.38 0.35~0.68 0.52 0.30~0.68 0.49
玉米 0.07~0.09 0.08 0.05~0.20 0.13 0.08~0.36 0.22
羊肉 0.22~0.55 0.39 0.45~0.59 0.52 0.28~0.52 0.40
D村 小麦 0.20~0.48 0.34 0.28~0.77 0.53 0.42~0.63 0.53
玉米 0.08~0.09 0.09 0.04~0.15 0.10 0.08~0.13 0.11
羊肉 0.34~0.56 0.45 0.36~0.46 0.41 0.25~0.59 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346864115919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

生物样品鲜样放射性核素测量结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 a(238U)/(Bq/kg) a(232Th)/(Bq/kg) a(226Ra)/(Bq/kg)
范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值
B村 小麦 0.23~0.52 0.38 0.35~0.68 0.52 0.30~0.68 0.49
玉米 0.07~0.09 0.08 0.05~0.20 0.13 0.08~0.36 0.22
羊肉 0.22~0.55 0.39 0.45~0.59 0.52 0.28~0.52 0.40
D村 小麦 0.20~0.48 0.34 0.28~0.77 0.53 0.42~0.63 0.53
玉米 0.08~0.09 0.09 0.04~0.15 0.10 0.08~0.13 0.11
羊肉 0.34~0.56 0.45 0.36~0.46 0.41 0.25~0.59 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1171206346935419089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Statistics results of radon exhalation rate measurement

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 测点数/个 氡析出率/[Bq/(m2·s)]
范围 均值
矿区边界处 4 0.11~0.17 0.14
B村 3 0.08~0.11 0.09
C村 3 0.10~0.15 0.12
D村 3 0.06~0.12 0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1171206347027693779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156026400844, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

土壤氡析出率测量结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位 测点数/个 氡析出率/[Bq/(m2·s)]
范围 均值
矿区边界处 4 0.11~0.17 0.14
B村 3 0.08~0.11 0.09
C村 3 0.10~0.15 0.12
D村 3 0.06~0.12 0.08
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某地浸铀矿山辐射环境水平调查研究
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王亚兰 , 徐乐昌 , 戴相南 , 张栋
铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025,44(3): 123-130
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025, 44(3): 123-130
某地浸铀矿山辐射环境水平调查研究
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王亚兰, 徐乐昌, 戴相南, 张栋
作者信息
  • 核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149
  • 王亚兰(1986—),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事铀矿冶辐射防护与环境保护工作。

Investigation of Radiation Environment Level in an In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine
Yalan WANG, Lechang XU, Xiangnan DAI, Dong ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.01.04
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经过四十余年的试验研究和工业应用,地浸采铀技术已成为中国铀矿采冶的重要技术之一,但长期地浸开采产生的放射性“三废”(废水、废气、固体废物)会对矿山周围生态环境产生不同程度的影响,对公众健康和环境安全产生一定的危害。为了掌握地浸铀矿山辐射环境状况,以新疆某地浸铀矿山为调查对象,通过现场调研与样品取样分析,对矿山生产运行期间的辐射环境状况开展了调查与研究工作。结果表明:该地浸铀矿山周边环境空气、陆地γ、地表水、地下水、土壤、动植物、土壤氡析出率等被监测介质的放射性水平基本处于新疆地区放射性本底水平或相应的标准限值内,辐射环境质量良好,辐射环境风险可控。
铀矿地浸  /  辐射环境  /  放射性水平  /  地下水  /  调查  /  监测

In-situ leaching uranium has become one of the important techniques in uranium mining and metallurgy of China after more than 40 years of experimental research and industrial application. However, the radioactive wastewater, radioactive waste gas and radioactive solid wastewater produced by long-term in-situ leaching uranium will have impact of different extent on the ecological environment around the mine, which pose adverse effect on public health and environmental safety. In order to understand the radiation environment of in-situ leaching uranium mine, taking an in-situ leaching uranium mine in Xinjiang as the investigation object, radiation environment investigation and research during production and operation period of mine were carried out on the basis of the site investigation and sample analysis. The results show that the radioactivity levels of monitoring media such as ambient air, terrestrial gamma, surface water, groundwater, soil, biological samples, and radon exhalation rate around the in-situ leaching uranium mine are basically within the radioactive background level range of Xinjiang region or the applied standard limits, besides the radiation environmental quality meet the corresponding requirements and the radiation environmental risk is controllable. In the future production and operation period of in-situ leaching mine, mining enterprises should strengthen the awareness of environmental protection, through establishing and improving environmental management and monitoring plans, formulating scientific and effective radiation protection measures, strengthening environmental monitoring and emergency management and other measures to ensure the impact of mining activities on the environment is minimized, public health and environmental safety is guaranteed and development of in-situ leaching uranium mining is further improved.

uranium mine  /  in-situ leaching  /  radiation environment  /  radioactivity level  /  groundwater  /  investigation  /  monitor
王亚兰, 徐乐昌, 戴相南, 张栋. 某地浸铀矿山辐射环境水平调查研究. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (3) : 123 -130 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.01.04
Yalan WANG, Lechang XU, Xiangnan DAI, Dong ZHANG. Investigation of Radiation Environment Level in an In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (3) : 123 -130 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.01.04
天然铀是重要的战略资源,是核能发展的重要基石。中国地浸采铀始于20世纪80年代,381地浸采铀试验项目和737工业试验的建成标志着中国已初步掌握了地浸采铀技术[1]。经过四十余年的试验研究和工业应用,地浸采铀已成为中国天然铀生产的主流技术[2-3]。目前在内蒙古、新疆等地已建成多个地浸采铀生产基地。地浸采铀是集采、选、冶于一体的新型铀矿采冶技术,相比常规采冶技术具有投资省、建设周期短、生产成本低、能耗低、劳动强度小、生产效率高、安全性好、不产生尾矿与废石、不破坏自然景观、地面污染小、易实现大规模自动化生产,以及有利于环境保护和安全生产等优势。因此,地浸采铀技术在国际上得到迅速发展,2022年全球地浸法生产天然铀产量达到27 773 tU,约占世界天然铀产量的56%[4]
地浸开采过程产生的放射性“三废”会对周围生态环境产生一定的影响。地浸采铀工艺释放的氡经大气扩散迁移,对周围生态环境的辐射影响及对工作人员的放射性职业危害不可忽视[5]。在地浸开采过程中,由于抽注液井口密封不严、地表输液管破裂等导致的浸出剂、浸出液泄露,对地表土壤可能造成一定的影响[6]。地浸开采使矿区含矿含水层地下水中含有不同程度的放射性核素,对地下水环境的影响较大[7-8]。若退役区含水层污染物因修复目标值缺失导致治理滞后,致使地下水污染范围持续扩大,可能对公众健康和环境安全产生较大影响[9],进一步增加治理难度和费用。例如捷克斯特拉日地浸铀矿,因早期对环境保护重视不足,造成了其地下水环境污染,环境与地下水恢复治理费用预计为20亿欧元,超过生产成本的26%[10]。因此,在地浸铀矿开采阶段采取有效的环境保护措施,加大环境保护资金投入,积极开展生产运行期间辐射环境现状调查与研究,优化环境管理措施,对尽可能降低环境污染程度与后期的环境恢复治理费用,具有重要意义[11]
为此,以新疆某地浸铀矿山为调查对象,通过现场调研与取样分析对矿山生产运行期间的辐射环境状况开展调查与研究,掌握各种环境介质放射性水平现状,为矿山的开发利用和退役治理提供依据[12]
某砂岩型地浸铀矿山矿区局部地势南高北低,自南向北依次为丘陵和洪积、冲积倾斜平原地貌单元,所在区域土地类型主要为牧草地和未利用地(荒地)。河流A由南向北流经矿区西南部,该河流为降雨、融雪型河流。
矿区属大陆性温带和干旱气候,气温变化剧烈,冬夏季长而春秋季短,四季分明。矿区多年平均气温8.3 ℃,极端最高气温39.5 ℃,极端最低气温-43.2 ℃,多年平均降雨量300 mm,全年无霜期平均为146 d。矿区全年风频最大的风向为东风,风频最小的风向为西北风,东风为当地主导风向。
矿区所在区域以牧业为主,农牧并举,牧业以牛羊养殖为主,农业以玉米、小麦为主;矿山方圆5 km范围内土地类型主要为农用地和牧草地。矿区所在区域地广人稀,方圆5 km范围内居民点为位于矿区西北方位1.44 km的B村以及位于西南方位3.25 km的C村,其余点位无居民居住,5 km范围外最近居民点为位于矿区东南方位7.1 km的D村。
根据该铀矿山浸出工艺流程、“三废”来源及去向,及GB 23726[13]等要求确定环境监测介质及相关监测项目,确定包含B村、C村、D村等居民点和地表水体A河上游、下游环境等监测点位。
调查布点情况见图1,本次调查内容见表1
调查方法:1)现场监测。对地浸铀矿山及其周边环境进行现场监测,包括陆地γ、空气222Rn浓度、土壤氡析出率等放射性水平测量。2)取样分析。对监测点的介质进行取样,并进行分析,以获取详细的放射性核素种类和活度数据。3)数据分析。对监测和取样分析的数据进行统计分析,评估辐射环境质量水平。本次调查采用的监测方法、仪器及检出限见表2
质量保证包括监测方案的质量保证要求、监测人员要求、监测仪器的检定/校准和检验、采样质量保证、监测方法的选用和验证、实验室内分析测量的质量控制、实验室间的质量控制。执行现行GB 8999[14]和HJ 61[15]的质量保证要求。
为使监测结果具有代表性、准确性、完整性和可比性,按照现行GB 12379[16]和HJ 61中有关要求,对监测全过程实施质量保证。
地浸铀矿山环境空气中瞬时222Rn浓度监测结果见表3。可以看出,该地浸铀矿区边界处空气中瞬时C(222Rn)为33.5~61.0 Bq/m3,均值为46.2 Bq/m3;距矿区5 km范围内(B村、C村)居民点空气中瞬时C(222Rn)为30.2~59.5 Bq/m3,均值为42.3 Bq/m3;距矿区5 km外的居民点(D村)空气中瞬时C(222Rn)为36.6~48.2 Bq/m3,均值为42.1 Bq/m3。采用相同方法(固体径迹蚀刻法)针对地浸铀矿山222Rn浓度开展监测,得出距离铀矿冶设施500 m处瞬时C(222Rn)为35~52 Bq/m3[17],研究结果与本调查矿区边界处瞬时222Rn浓度结果处于同一水平。该地浸铀矿山周边环境空气中瞬时C(222Rn)与矿山所在地区瞬时222Rn浓度本底水平(29.0~68.1 Bq/m3)基本一致。
在地浸铀矿山附近居民点B村及D村分别布设了连续222Rn浓度监测点,在每个测点分别进行室内(外)222Rn浓度同步监测,B村及D村监测点起始监测时间分别为18∶40及20∶30,对应横坐标轴的0 h,使用RAD7每小时记录1个测量值,连续测量72 h。地浸铀矿山空气中连续222Rn浓度测量统计结果见图2
图2可知,铀矿区B村室外测点C(222Rn)为5.41~59.7 Bq/m3,日均值范围为21.6~25.9 Bq/m3;B村室内测点C(222Rn)为11.6~147 Bq/m3,日均值范围为56.1~77.3 Bq/m3;D村室外测点C(222Rn)为5.80~65.7 Bq/m3,日均值范围为20.3~25.9 Bq/m3;D村室内测点C(222Rn)为17.5~172 Bq/m3,日均值范围为79.3~83.5 Bq/m3。同一测点的相同时间的室内测量值高于室外测量值,夜晚测量值高于白天测量值。分析原因为夜晚室内空间密闭且气温低,气压高,气象条件不利于空气扩散。B村室内(外)测点222Rn浓度与D村室内(外)测点222Rn浓度相差不大,B村、D村222Rn浓度测量值与矿山所在地区222Rn浓度本底值(29.0~68.1 Bq/m3)基本处于同一水平。
地浸铀矿山环境空气γ辐射空气吸收剂量率监测结果见表4。可以看出,该地浸铀矿区周边环境γ辐射空气吸收剂量率为40~128 nGy/h,B村的监测值较D村的监测值略高;该地浸铀矿区周边测点B村、C村与D村环境γ辐射空气吸收剂量率基本处于同一水平,也处于新疆地区γ辐射空气吸收剂量率本底水平(50.2~403.5 nGy/h)范围内。
在地浸铀矿区周边环境地表水A河上游100、300、500 m处及下游100、300、500 m处分别布设地表水监测点,每个点位布设2个监测点,A河上、下游共布设12个测点,地浸铀矿山环境地表水核素监测结果见表5。可以看出,该地浸铀矿区周边环境地表水A河中ρ(U天然)为0.87~3.26 μg/L,ρ(Th) 为0.39~0.58 μg/L,C(226Ra)为2.84~8.41 mBq/L,总α活度浓度为0.03~0.12 Bq/L,总β活度浓度为0.13~0.31 Bq/L。该地浸铀矿区周边环境地表水A河中U天然、Th、226Ra等核素浓度处于新疆地区河流核素本底水平范围内;A河中总α、总β活度浓度与建矿前总α、总β本底值水平(总α:0.05~0.11 Bq/L,总β:0.03~0.35 Bq/L)[18]58基本一致。
地浸铀矿山环境地下水监测结果见表6。可以看出,该地浸铀矿区环境地下水中ρ(U天然)为0.05~3.76 μg/L,C(226Ra)为2.12~8.45 mBq/L。根据新疆辐射环境监督站放射性本底调查结果[18]59可知,该地浸铀矿山监测井终孔时地下水中ρ(U天然)本底值约为0.17~24.2 μg/L,处于矿山监测井终孔时地下水本底值范围内。新疆地区地下水ρ(U天然)、C(226Ra)本底水平分别为0.44~20.40 μg/L、0.83~8.77 mBq/L,该地浸铀矿区环境地下水中U天然226Ra等核素浓度也处于新疆地区地下水放射性本底水平范围内。
地浸铀矿山环境土壤监测结果见表7。可以看出,该地浸铀矿区环境土壤中a(238U)为19.4~39.2 Bq/kg,a(232Th)为23.2~48.6 Bq/kg,a(226Ra)为21.6~48.2 Bq/kg,其中矿山边界处土壤测点核素活度浓度监测值偏高;这与土壤测点核素环境本底值的空间变异性有关,属于正常波动范围[20]。该地浸铀矿区环境土壤中238U、232Th、226Ra等核素活度浓度处于新疆地区土壤放射性本底水平范围内。
地浸铀矿山环境生物鲜样样品监测结果见表8。可以看出,该地浸铀矿区居民点B村及D村小麦、玉米鲜样样品中a(238U)为0.07~0.52 Bq/kg,a(232Th)为0.04~0.77 Bq/kg,a(226Ra)为0.08~0.68 Bq/kg;羊肉鲜样样品中a(238U)为0.22~0.56 Bq/kg,a(232Th)为0.36~0.59 Bq/kg,a(226Ra)为0.25~0.59 Bq/kg,生物样中放射性核素活度浓度均未超过《食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准》 (GB 14882—1994)[21]相关核素活度浓度限值[粮食:a(238U)=23.6 Bq/kg,a(226Ra)=14 Bq/kg,a(232Th)=4.84 Bq/kg;肉鱼虾类:a(238U)=67.0 Bq/kg,a(226Ra)=38 Bq/kg,a(232Th)=14.5 Bq/kg]。
地浸铀矿山环境土壤氡析出率监测结果见表9。可以看出,该地浸铀矿区矿山边界处监测点土壤氡析出率为0.11~0.17 Bq/(m2·s),距离地浸铀矿区5 km范围内的居民点B村及C村土壤氡析出率为0.08~0.15 Bq/(m2·s),矿山边界处测点土壤氡析出率测量值略高于B村及C村;这与土壤氡析出率环境本底值的空间变异性有关,属于正常波动范围。矿山边界处、B村及C村监测点土壤氡析出率测量值与D村监测点土壤氡析出率测量值处于同一水平。
该地浸铀矿山周边环境空气、陆地γ、地表水、地下水、土壤、动植物、土壤氡析出率等监测介质的放射性水平,基本处于新疆地区放射性本底水平范围或相应的标准限值内。地浸采铀工程的运行对环境的影响很小,是可以接受的,地浸矿山辐射环境质量良好,辐射环境风险可控。
在后续地浸矿山生产运行过程中,矿山企业应强化环境保护意识,通过建立健全环境管理及监测计划,制定科学有效的辐射防护措施,控制地下水影响范围和治理已被污染的地下水,加强铀矿开采过程中的环境管理,确保矿山开采活动对环境的影响最小化,促进地浸采铀可持续发展。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.01.04
  • 接收时间:2025-01-24
  • 首发时间:2025-09-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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    核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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