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Article(id=1171165155908952204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)03-0058-10, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.01, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733414400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757157132364, onlineDateStr=2025-09-06, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757157132364, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757157132364, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757157132364, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1171165154017321083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1757157131914, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757582122913, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1171165156143833229, articleId=1171165155908952204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Improved Application of Stable Rotation Machine Speed Measurement System in 76Ge Isotope Separation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The core equipment of the stable rotation method for separating 76Ge isotopes is the stable rotation machine. The normal and stable operation of the stable rotation machine is a key element to ensure the smooth progress of the entire production process. The main indicator for measuring the normal operation of the stable rotation machine is whether the speed of the stable rotation machine per minute is within a reasonable range, which is monitored by the stabilizer speed measurement system. Since the official launch of the speed measurement system, its performance in monitoring the speed and friction power consumption of the stable rotation machine has been outstanding. However, there is a drawback that when the system detects abnormal speed data of the stable rotation machine, it fails to automatically trigger the program to protect the stabilizing machine. In response to this deficiency, this article elaborates on the various functions of the speed measurement system, delves into the problem of the speed measurement system being unable to automatically execute protection programs when monitoring abnormal situations in the stable rotation machine, realizes the data communication docking between the speed measurement system and the DCS system based on MODBUS/TCP protocol, and completes the corresponding configuration programming work in the DCS system. After using the improved rotating speed measurement system, once the system detects fault protection signals such as single unit out of step/group out of step, single unit damage/group damage in the stabilizing machine, these signals will be transmitted in real time to the DCS control system. The DCS system immediately issues an accident alarm and activates the protection interlock program, successfully solving the problem of the speed measurement system being unable to protect the stabilizing machine in abnormal situations, effectively preventing damage to the stable rotation machine, and improving the safety performance of the system.

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稳旋法分离76Ge同位素工艺的核心设备为稳旋机。稳旋机的正常稳定运行是保证整个生产顺利进行的关键要素。衡量稳旋机正常运行的主要指标是稳旋机每分钟的转速是否在合理的区间,通过稳旋机转速测量系统监测这一重要指标。自转速测量系统正式投用以来,其在监控稳旋机转速及摩擦功耗方面的性能表现卓越;但当系统监测到稳旋机转速数据异常时,不能实现自动触发稳旋机保护程序。针对这一缺陷,深入研究了转速测量系统的各项功能,以及转速测量系统在监测稳旋机异常情况下无法自动执行保护程序的原因,通过运用MODBUS/TCP协议,实现了转速测量系统与DCS系统的数据通信对接,并在DCS系统中完成了相应的组态编程工作。采用改进的稳旋机转速测量系统后,一旦转速测量系统检测到稳旋机出现单台失步/成组失步、单台损坏/成组损坏等故障保护信号,这些信号便会实时传递至DCS控制系统;DCS系统随即发出事故报警,并启动保护联锁程序,解决了转速测量系统在异常情况下无法保护稳旋机的问题,有效防止了稳旋机的损坏,提升了系统的安全性能。

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焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

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焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

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焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

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Fault signal type

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序号 故障信号类型 形成条件
1 单台微差 在中频电源正常时,频率偏差超出±30 Hz(报警阈值可设置)
2 成组微差 在中频电源正常时,同一周期检测到单台微差≥5台
3 单台损坏 频率≤125 Hz
4 成组损坏 同一周期检测到≥5台达到损坏条件
5 单台失步 频率≤9 000 Hz
6 成组失步 同一周期检测到≥5台达到失步条件
7 中频电源故障 频率≤500 Hz或≥1 625 Hz
8 单台信号中断 单台输入信号接触电阻≥200 Ω
9 采集模块故障 单个模块20台均报单台信号中断,或单个模块通信故障
10 事故保护 单台失步≥3台或者发生成组损坏+超过1台失步
11 通信故障 总线故障,或以太网故障
12 综合故障 第3项至第11项,任意项故障均报综合故障
), ArticleFig(id=1171206545711865968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165155908952204, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

故障信号类型

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序号 故障信号类型 形成条件
1 单台微差 在中频电源正常时,频率偏差超出±30 Hz(报警阈值可设置)
2 成组微差 在中频电源正常时,同一周期检测到单台微差≥5台
3 单台损坏 频率≤125 Hz
4 成组损坏 同一周期检测到≥5台达到损坏条件
5 单台失步 频率≤9 000 Hz
6 成组失步 同一周期检测到≥5台达到失步条件
7 中频电源故障 频率≤500 Hz或≥1 625 Hz
8 单台信号中断 单台输入信号接触电阻≥200 Ω
9 采集模块故障 单个模块20台均报单台信号中断,或单个模块通信故障
10 事故保护 单台失步≥3台或者发生成组损坏+超过1台失步
11 通信故障 总线故障,或以太网故障
12 综合故障 第3项至第11项,任意项故障均报综合故障
), ArticleFig(id=1171206545778974833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165155908952204, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Description of p0302 function block(AND)

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名称 描述 功能说明
C01_A3_01.VALUE 输入参数 1机组1级转速系统A3事故保护信号
PB_C01_A3_01.VALUE 输入参数 1机组1级转速系统A3事故保护屏蔽信号
LS_C01_A3_01.VALUE 输出参数 1机组1级转速系统A3事故保护联锁信号
), ArticleFig(id=1171206545846083698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165155908952204, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

p0302功能块(AND)输入输出参数说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 描述 功能说明
C01_A3_01.VALUE 输入参数 1机组1级转速系统A3事故保护信号
PB_C01_A3_01.VALUE 输入参数 1机组1级转速系统A3事故保护屏蔽信号
LS_C01_A3_01.VALUE 输出参数 1机组1级转速系统A3事故保护联锁信号
), ArticleFig(id=1171206545925775475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165155908952204, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Description of p0011 function block (G_VALVE_ALL)

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名称 描述 功能说明
JXOI_Z10101_Z.PV 输入参数 1机组1级ZSX01电动阀开状态
JXSI_Z10101_Z.PV 输入参数 1机组1级ZSX01电动阀关状态
JXOO_Z10101_Z.IN 输入参数 打开1机组ZSX01电动阀
JXSO_Z10101_Z.IN 输入参数 关闭1机组1级ZSX01电动阀
G_VALVE_ALL 开关电阀功能块 控制1机组1级电动阀的开、关
), ArticleFig(id=1171206545988690036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165155908952204, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

p0011功能块(G_VALVE_ALL)输入输出参数说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 描述 功能说明
JXOI_Z10101_Z.PV 输入参数 1机组1级ZSX01电动阀开状态
JXSI_Z10101_Z.PV 输入参数 1机组1级ZSX01电动阀关状态
JXOO_Z10101_Z.IN 输入参数 打开1机组ZSX01电动阀
JXSO_Z10101_Z.IN 输入参数 关闭1机组1级ZSX01电动阀
G_VALVE_ALL 开关电阀功能块 控制1机组1级电动阀的开、关
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稳旋机转速测量系统在76Ge同位素分离中的改进应用
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焦振华
铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025,44(3): 58-67
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025, 44(3): 58-67
稳旋机转速测量系统在76Ge同位素分离中的改进应用
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焦振华
作者信息
  • 中核燃料沧州有限公司,河北 沧州 061001

    • 焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

Improved Application of Stable Rotation Machine Speed Measurement System in 76Ge Isotope Separation
ZhenHua JIAO
Affiliations
  • Cangzhou Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd., CNNC, Cangzhou 061001, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.01
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摘要
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稳旋法分离76Ge同位素工艺的核心设备为稳旋机。稳旋机的正常稳定运行是保证整个生产顺利进行的关键要素。衡量稳旋机正常运行的主要指标是稳旋机每分钟的转速是否在合理的区间,通过稳旋机转速测量系统监测这一重要指标。自转速测量系统正式投用以来,其在监控稳旋机转速及摩擦功耗方面的性能表现卓越;但当系统监测到稳旋机转速数据异常时,不能实现自动触发稳旋机保护程序。针对这一缺陷,深入研究了转速测量系统的各项功能,以及转速测量系统在监测稳旋机异常情况下无法自动执行保护程序的原因,通过运用MODBUS/TCP协议,实现了转速测量系统与DCS系统的数据通信对接,并在DCS系统中完成了相应的组态编程工作。采用改进的稳旋机转速测量系统后,一旦转速测量系统检测到稳旋机出现单台失步/成组失步、单台损坏/成组损坏等故障保护信号,这些信号便会实时传递至DCS控制系统;DCS系统随即发出事故报警,并启动保护联锁程序,解决了转速测量系统在异常情况下无法保护稳旋机的问题,有效防止了稳旋机的损坏,提升了系统的安全性能。

76Ge同位素  /  转速测量系统  /  稳旋机  /  DCS控制系统  /  保护联锁程序

The core equipment of the stable rotation method for separating 76Ge isotopes is the stable rotation machine. The normal and stable operation of the stable rotation machine is a key element to ensure the smooth progress of the entire production process. The main indicator for measuring the normal operation of the stable rotation machine is whether the speed of the stable rotation machine per minute is within a reasonable range, which is monitored by the stabilizer speed measurement system. Since the official launch of the speed measurement system, its performance in monitoring the speed and friction power consumption of the stable rotation machine has been outstanding. However, there is a drawback that when the system detects abnormal speed data of the stable rotation machine, it fails to automatically trigger the program to protect the stabilizing machine. In response to this deficiency, this article elaborates on the various functions of the speed measurement system, delves into the problem of the speed measurement system being unable to automatically execute protection programs when monitoring abnormal situations in the stable rotation machine, realizes the data communication docking between the speed measurement system and the DCS system based on MODBUS/TCP protocol, and completes the corresponding configuration programming work in the DCS system. After using the improved rotating speed measurement system, once the system detects fault protection signals such as single unit out of step/group out of step, single unit damage/group damage in the stabilizing machine, these signals will be transmitted in real time to the DCS control system. The DCS system immediately issues an accident alarm and activates the protection interlock program, successfully solving the problem of the speed measurement system being unable to protect the stabilizing machine in abnormal situations, effectively preventing damage to the stable rotation machine, and improving the safety performance of the system.

76Ge isotope  /  speed measurement system  /  stable rotation machine  /  DCS system  /  protection interlock program
焦振华. 稳旋机转速测量系统在76Ge同位素分离中的改进应用. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (3) : 58 -67 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.01
ZhenHua JIAO. Improved Application of Stable Rotation Machine Speed Measurement System in 76Ge Isotope Separation[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (3) : 58 -67 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.01
正文
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在自然界中,锗(Ge)同位素以不同的丰度存在,其中74Ge含量最丰富,占36.5%;76Ge含量最低,天然丰度仅为7.73%[1-2]。为了获得丰度较高的76Ge同位素,需要对天然锗同位素进行分离。目前,锗同位素的分离技术主要有电磁法、气体扩散法、热扩散法及气体离心法等[3-4]。电磁法产能低,气体扩散法设备占地面积大、耗电量大,热扩散法产能低、能耗大[5-6];而气体离心法具有生产设备占地面积小、能耗低、浓缩系数大、经济性好等优点,已逐渐成为主要的锗同位素分离方法[7-8]。
气体离心法中的主要设备是稳旋机,稳旋机转速是关键参数之一。稳旋机转速测量系统的精准性和可靠性直接影响到76Ge同位素分离的效率和安全性。稳旋机转速测量系统的发展经历了初期发展阶段、技术改进阶段,以及自动化与智能化阶段。初期发展阶段可追溯到20世纪50年代,稳旋机转速测量系统主要依赖机械式的转速计,设备简单,精度较低,难以满足高速稳旋机的需求。20世纪50年代至80年代,随着同位素分离技术的不断发展,转速测量系统采用了非接触式测量技术(如光电编码器、霍尔效应传感器)[9-13];该技术通过感应稳旋机转轴的旋转,生成电信号,从而实现对转速的精准测量。进入21世纪,稳旋机转速测量系统逐步迈向自动化与智能化的新阶段。现代化的转速测量系统融合了尖端的信号处理算法[14-15],即便在复杂的工况中也能保持极高的测量精度,其更加重视网络化设计,实现了远程监控与数据共享的便捷功能[16-17]。目前,在自动化与智能化稳旋机转速测量领域取得了高精度测量、智能控制、动态监测与故障诊断,以及传感器性能优化等研究成果;但仍面临测量精度不够理想、数据处理复杂、硬件限制、系统集成难度大,以及成本高等挑战,需继续深化算法优化、提升硬件性能,并积极探索成本更低的解决策略[18-21]。
本研究针对的稳旋机转速测量系统集成了现代自动化与智能化离心机转速测量系统的多项特性,但该系统尚存在一个不足之处,即在检测到转速数据异常时,无法自动触发保护程序。针对这一问题,研究并提出转速测量系统与DCS系统之间的联锁保护功能改进方案,以防止发生稳旋机的损坏。
1 76Ge同位素离心法生产工艺
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离心法生产76Ge同位素是以四氟化锗为原料,以恒定的流量和压力将四氟化锗连续供入刚性级联系统进行离心分离,先经过料流系统、抽空卸料系统及相关的水处理系统、空调系统等辅助系统,再经化学法得到丰度95%以上的76Ge产品。
2 转速测量系统
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离心法生产76Ge工艺的核心设备为稳旋机。稳旋机的稳定运行是保证生产顺利进行的关键要素。而衡量稳旋机正常运行的主要指标是稳旋机转速是否在合理的区间,通过稳旋机转速测量系统监测该指标。由于稳旋机是长时间连续运行,中间不停机且无检修,因此转速测量系统需要长时间连续监测每台稳旋机的转速及摩擦功耗,保障工艺人员能够实时掌握每台稳旋机的工作状况。
转速测量系统可实时测量稳旋机的转速及摩擦功耗,现场转速测量柜可接收控制室工作站的操作指令,并实时测量、记录、处理和上传76Ge每个分离级稳旋机的转速及摩擦功耗等工艺参数,检测在各分离级内所有稳旋机的运行状况,根据测量数据判断稳旋机运行情况,监测单台微差、成组微差、单台失步、成组失步、单台损坏、成组损坏等情况;如果运行中的稳旋机出现故障,转速测量系统会形成各种报警信号和事故保护信号,同时显示故障机器的具体地址。
2.1 系统架构
转速测量系统采用分布式架构,由控制室操控层、中间通信层、数据采集层组成(图1)。控制室操控层设备包括2台双冗余操作员站(兼工程师站),以及1台网络打印机、2台报警音测量柜等设备。在2台操作员站(ZOS1、ZOS2)工控机上安装转速系统软件。转速系统软件借助计算机硬件的计算能力,实现对系统数据的分析及统计;系统可将分析结果存储保存,并定期备份;当分析数据异常时,系统自动产生声光报警。
工艺运行人员通过操作站工控机及转速系统软件进行人机交互,从而实现向就地转速数据采集层发送控制命令,获取数据采集层回传的数据。运行人员随时可检索查询数据,系统自动将检索查询结果形成图形化报表,运行人员可对查询结果导出或打印输出。
中间通信层采用双冗余以太网网络。转速测量柜与中央控制室操作站之间通过双冗余的交换机联系在一起,通过以太网完成数据的传输。数据采集层设备包括4台转速测量柜(ZS01、ZS02、ZS03、ZS04)和一些转速测量盒。转速测量盒负责检测主机转速与转速传感器回路的通断状态,然后将检测结果发送到转速测量柜。转速测量柜收集每个转速测量盒采集的频率数据、摩擦功耗数据,并将这些数据上传给控制室转速测量系统的工程师站,同时显示在就地转速测量柜的液晶屏上。
2.2 稳旋机转速频率测量原理
稳旋机运动产生的加速度是周期性的,且与旋转角度的正弦函数相关;因此稳旋机转速输出波形一般是正弦波。若将正弦波转化为方波,则可通过计数器计算出稳旋机的转速频率。
2.2.1 检测和放大信号
先通过转速传感器检测稳旋机的转速信号,转速传感器可感应到稳旋机转子的旋转,输出与转速成正比的电压信号。该信号较弱,通过放大器将信号放大,便于后续处理。
2.2.2 正弦波信号转化为方波信号
使用比较器电路,将正弦波信号与一个设定的阈值电压进行比较。当正弦波信号的电压超过阈值电压时,比较器输出高电平;当正弦波信号的电压低于阈值电压时,比较器输出低电平;这样,正弦波就被转换成了方波。用MATLAB生成了正弦波信号转化为方波信号的示意图(图2)。图中正弦波的频率假设为5 Hz,幅度值为1,阈值为0。
2.2.3 计数器测量方波频率
正弦波信号被转化为方波信号后,就可使用计数器来测量转速频率,计数器需要记录2个连续的相同状态(通常是上升沿或下降沿)之间的计数差,以确定一个完整的周期。当方波信号的第一个上升沿出现时,计数器产生第一个中断并记录当前的计数值1(记为n1,此时计数器从0开始计数)。随后,计数器继续计数直到方波的第二个上升沿出现,此时再次产生中断并记录当前的计数值2(记为n2)。这两次差值就是方波信号一个周期内的时钟脉冲,为了得到被测方波的频率,须计算方波的周期(T),然后取其倒数即为频率(f)。周期可通过式(1)计算。
$T=\frac{n_{2}-n_{1}}{f} 。$
通过以上步骤,可有效将稳旋机的转速信号(正弦波)转化为方波,并通过计数器计算出稳旋机的转速频率。
2.3 转速测量系统硬件组成及功能
转速测量系统控制硬件由736个转速测量盒、4台转速测量柜、2台交换机、4个报警灯,以及2台操作员站等设备组成。
2.3.1 转速测量盒
转速测量盒由RS485通信接口、电源接口、RM处理器、转速信号方波调理电路、转速信号回路开路检测电路、多信号选择电路、20路转速信号接口电路等组成(图3)。
转速测量盒频率测量范围为36~9 999 Hz;每个转速盒负责循环采集20台稳旋机设备的频率信号,计算稳旋机频率、摩擦功耗,并判断稳旋机的故障报警信息。稳旋机摩擦功耗是通过转速测量盒采集的测量转速数据,并通过处理器自带的程序计算出来的;转速测量盒中的处理器,可根据自带软件中设定的报警限值判断故障报警信息。摩擦功耗测量原理实质上是对稳旋机转速变化率与相应时间间隔的定量分析。具体操作流程如下:首先,在稳旋机断电的瞬间,精确记录稳旋机的转速F1及其对应的时间戳T1;随后,经过预设的时间间隔,再次精确记录稳旋机的转速F2及其对应的时间戳T2;最终,通过公式ΔP=K(F1-F2)/(T2-T1),得出每台稳旋机的摩擦功耗值ΔP,式中K为校正系数。此方法确保了对稳旋机运行过程中摩擦功耗的准确评估。转速盒通过串行总线与转速测量柜组网通讯,接收转速测量柜发送的命令,完成相应的频率测量、摩擦功耗测量以及自检功能。ARM处理器的时钟频率是48 MHz,计数器以48 MHz进行计数。
2.3.2 转速测量柜
转速测量柜(图4)由触摸显示屏、报警电路板、通信电路板、信号调理电路板、电源电路板、接口电路板、转速柜体等组成。其主要功能包括:1)准确计算出稳旋机的转速变化率和统计摩擦功耗值;2)准确判断稳旋机的运行状况(正常、屏蔽、失步和损坏);3)对选定的稳旋机进行屏蔽和解除屏蔽;4)将检测到的稳旋机发生故障或损坏时的报警、事故保护动作及电气补偿测量柜电网频率的信号传送到中央控制室转速测量系统的操作站上及DCS系统操作员站上,同时点亮现场每列警示灯,进行报警。
工艺人员通过转速测量柜触摸屏上显示的具体信息(图5)可即时了解每台稳旋机的工作情况。图中详细展示了稳旋机的运行数据、统计数据、自动/就地操作模式、升周/正常操作模式,以及摩擦功耗值、屏蔽功能、通信参数配置,同时还包括双冗余电网1和电网2的频率信息。稳旋机运行数据界面实时呈现了每个级联、每列、每个工艺级别中每台稳旋机的频率值;运行数据统计部分则提供了稳旋机的最大和最小转速测量值;自动/就地操作模式与升周/正常操作模式功能,主要服务于稳旋机启动过程中的转速监测及达到额定转速后的工况选择;摩擦功耗界面详细列出了每台稳旋机的摩擦功耗数据;屏蔽功能旨在用于忽略稳旋机的事故报警信号;通信参数设置界面则用于调整通信网络的参数配置。
2.3.3 操作员站
控制室操控层配置2台热冗余操作站,任意一台操作站异常,不影响系统正常工作。操作员站兼有工程师站和数据服务器的功能。操作员站负责对系统进行监控与管理,将收到的数据存入数据库,以备查询使用。工艺运行人员通过操作站工控机及转速系统软件进行人机交互,实现向现场转速测量柜发送控制命令,同时获取转速测量柜回传的数据。
2.4 转速测量系统软件
在转速测量系统控制室的2台操作员站工控机上,安装有转速系统测量软件。转速系统软件借助操作站计算机庞大的硬件计算能力,主要完成4方面功能:1)频率测量功能。此功能依据预设的区域和时间参数,对一定时间范围内的频率数据进行精准测量,并执行频率统计分析。软件提供了频率分布图、单台设备趋势图、门限查询、数据查询、报表生成以及历史测频记录等详尽的数据展示和输出选项。2)摩擦功耗测量功能。该功能同样基于设定的区域和时间框架,对摩擦功耗数据进行测量和统计分析,进而生成摩擦功耗分布图、单台设备摩擦功耗趋势图、摩擦功耗历史数据查询以及报表输出等关键信息。3)屏蔽功能。此功能允许工艺运行人员根据特定区域的需求,对该区域的报警信号实施屏蔽及屏蔽取消设置,屏蔽设置可指定屏蔽操作的原因。屏蔽内容,按照从“起始选择”到“终止选择”的区域进行操作(图6)。4)实时报警功能。控制室转速上位机中的转速测量软件根据转速测量柜上传的测量数据,经过计算处理后,形成不同故障报警型号,具体类型见表1。在监控报警画面显示报警记录,报警指示灯闪烁,并伴有报警声音。工艺人员单击报警指示灯可消音;单击报警确认,可进行报警确认,具体的故障报警指示界面见图7。
图7中显示的是转速测量柜的工作状态。绿色表示工作正常,红色表示有报警,黄红交替闪烁时,表示有新的报警需要确认。单击报警图标时可弹出转速测量柜报警详细信息。
3 转速测量系统与DCS系统间联锁保护
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3.1 系统间的通信
本工程使用的以太网通信模块(COM742-S)是DCS系统的以太网异构设备接入模块,通过扩展I/O总线,利用标准协议(MODBUS/TCP协议)将使用同样通信协议的第三方设备(转速系统测量柜)的数据联入DCS系统。
现场转速测量控制柜是通过双网络(A网、B网)传输的,因此设备上有A、B网口,转速测量系统与DCS系统之间搭建的网络结构见图8。在DCS系统组态管理软件中,COM742-S以太网通信模块的管理界面提供了全面的功能,使得用户能够轻松完成一系列通信相关的操作。具体来说,用户可以在这个界面上进行以下步骤:首先,对通信模块的参数进行详细设置,包括IP地址、端口号、数据传输速率等,以确保模块能够与转速系统顺畅地交换数据;其次,用户可以执行通信命令的组态,根据实际需求配置命令结构和内容,以实现与转速系统的有效交互;接着,对组态文件进行编译,确保配置的正确性和完整性;最后,将编译后的组态文件下载到COM742-S以太网通信模块中,使其按照预设的参数和命令进行工作。通过这些步骤,DCS系统能够顺利获取转速系统传输的实时数据,为监控和分析设备运行状态提供强有力的支持。图8中2个互为冗余的COM742-S在异构网络中可配置不同网段的IP,转速测量系统的每个转速控制柜均需要配置唯一的IP地址。
3.2 联锁信号的产生
联锁信号是DCS系统执行联锁保护的触发信号,只有当转速系统与DCS系统之间出现联锁信号后,现场的DCS系统的过程控制站才执行联锁保护程序。
转速测量系统测量到某分离级3台及以上分离机的稳旋机因自身故障或工艺管道压力异常,其转速低于设定的失步报警限值或设定的损坏报警限值时,转速测量系统则产生稳旋机事故保护A3信号,并将该信号通过网络传输至DCS系统。
当机组中某一级转速系统产生A3事故保护信号,同时该机组这一级的转速系统A3事故保护信号没有被屏蔽,此时会产生一个事故联锁保护信号,组态程序见图9。图中1#功能块(p0302)的输入输出参数说明见表2,其他功能块(p03081、p0305、p03082)的输入输出参数的含义与1#功能块类似,仅分离级不同。
3.3 执行联锁保护动作
稳旋机转速系统给DCS系统发送稳旋机转速A3事故保护报警后,DCS系统根据该信号立即响应,按照设定的程序,使现场正在工作的稳旋机进行自动快速事故卸料,有效防止因稳旋机内的物料积聚导致工艺管道压力过高,最大限度地减少因事原因造成稳旋机的损坏,保护操作人员和稳旋机设备的安全,减低企业经济损失。事故卸料完成后,自控人员同工艺操作人员可以更方便地对稳旋机进行检查和维修,以快速恢复生产。
DCS系统根据转速系统的A3事故保护报警信号,将执行整机组内所有分离级的卸料;由于级联系统分离级较多,这里仅给出机组的01级、02级、07级、08级的卸料执行程序(图10)。对功能块(G_VALVE_ALL,位号p0011)的输入输出参数说明见表3,其他功能块(p0012、p00131、p00136)的输入输出参数含义与p0011类似,只是分离级不同。
4 结论
收起
改进的转速测量系统在76Ge稳定同位素分离工艺中的应用,实现了对稳旋机转子转速频率的实时数据采集,并根据设定的报警限值,形成稳旋机单台失步/成组失步、单台损坏/成组损坏等报警信号,使工艺人员可以清楚掌握稳旋机的工作状态。为了在异常情况下保证稳旋机的安全,转速测量系统将这些异常报警信号发送给DCS系统,DCS系统将发出事故报警,并执行联锁保护程序释放出稳旋机内部的工作介质,保护稳旋机免受损坏,确保生产线稳定运行,从而保证产品丰度不受影响。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.01
  • 接收时间：2024-12-06
  • 首发时间：2025-09-06
  • 出版时间：2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-06
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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