Article(id=1147999696720748720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)01-0117-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.06.09, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634056501, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634056501, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634056501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634056501, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999683156370319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634053267, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123824852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=117, endPage=125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999696938852548, articleId=1147999696720748720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Analysis on Public Exposure Caused by a Reduced Ilmenite Project, columnId=1175805042197152439, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the emission of pollutants during the operation of a reduction ilmenite (associated radioactive ore) project, the individual effective doses of different exposure routes on the surrounding public were predicted, and the contribution of different exposure routes were analyzed, to provide a reference for estimating the radiation dose of the project to the public. The results show that the maximum individual effective dose of the public members was 0.09 mSv/a, and the key exposure route was radon inhalation irradiation, which contributed 80.6%.The contribution share of ingestion exposure was 17.8%, the contribution of internal exposure due to radionuclides inhalation was 1.6%. The radiation impact of the project on the surrounding public meets the relevant standard requirements. Compared with radon inhalation exposure, the contribution of ingestion and inhalation exposure is smaller, but it cannot be ignored.

, correspAuthors=Qing CHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mingliang LI, Qing CHANG, Libo JIA, Wei ZHANG, Pu CAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1147999700101358075, articleId=1147999696720748720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=CN, title=某还原钛铁矿项目所致公众照射剂量分析, columnId=1175805042343953080, journalTitle=铀矿冶, columnName=安全·环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据某还原钛铁矿(伴生放射性矿)项目运营时污染物的排放情况,预测周围公众不同受照途径的个人有效剂量,分析不同受照途径的贡献份额,为估算该项目对公众产生的辐射剂量提供参考。研究表明,项目运行所致公众最大个人有效剂量为0.09 mSv/a,关键照射途径为氡吸入内照射(贡献份额达80.6%),食入内照射贡献份额为17.8%,吸入放射性核素所致内照射贡献份额为1.6%。项目对周围公众人员的辐射影响满足相关标准要求,相对氡吸入内照射的贡献份额,食入、吸入内照射的贡献份额较少,但不可忽略。

, correspAuthors=常青, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
常青(1990—),女,陕西富平人,学士,工程师,从事辐射环境监测与评价。
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李明亮(1990—),男,河南杞县人,学士,工程师,从事环境咨询工作。

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李明亮(1990—),男,河南杞县人,学士,工程师,从事环境咨询工作。

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李明亮(1990—),男,河南杞县人,学士,工程师,从事环境咨询工作。

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figureFileBig=z1z6p5BiaynLSDKBJl9DCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661461275488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=图1, caption=吸入222Rn所致公众个人有效剂量(DRn), figureFileSmall=gpLxf0MIAV9UGwxU2HRebQ==, figureFileBig=z1z6p5BiaynLSDKBJl9DCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661540967265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effective personal dose for the public due to dust inhalation(Dh), figureFileSmall=Sr4t1TYlJVJuw74gtEvReg==, figureFileBig=v28V24ZH8GbikSpiVk9YRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661629047650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=图2, caption=吸入粉尘所致公众个人有效剂量(Dh), figureFileSmall=Sr4t1TYlJVJuw74gtEvReg==, figureFileBig=v28V24ZH8GbikSpiVk9YRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661696156515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effective personal dose for the public from ingestive exposure(De), figureFileSmall=7eCqN+Z90VBLAQ+dfXBO2Q==, figureFileBig=+arxVmPwqbhJUTxGVgsQgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661754876772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=图3, caption=食入内照射所致公众个人有效剂量(De), figureFileSmall=7eCqN+Z90VBLAQ+dfXBO2Q==, figureFileBig=+arxVmPwqbhJUTxGVgsQgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661834568549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Individual effective dose for the public(D), figureFileSmall=L3i75qjIQT4U6etOVPKS0w==, figureFileBig=wSGqxONNgObCC6drrF7bVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661897483110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=图4, caption=公众个人有效剂量(D), figureFileSmall=L3i75qjIQT4U6etOVPKS0w==, figureFileBig=wSGqxONNgObCC6drrF7bVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426661993952103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Trend of individual effective dose of the public with distance, figureFileSmall=OWSTuFxvyfRth2skbCcgiA==, figureFileBig=gRHSsl/n0kVMAMaPZzPLiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426662052672360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=图5, caption=公众个人有效剂量随距离变化趋势, figureFileSmall=OWSTuFxvyfRth2skbCcgiA==, figureFileBig=gRHSsl/n0kVMAMaPZzPLiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426662107198313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Proportion of the maximum individual effective dose of the public in different ways, figureFileSmall=Gb86DHxLjms5q1gDzvhGEg==, figureFileBig=guizS/8PjgfZ77TexCTvcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426662161724266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=图6, caption=公众最大个人有效剂量不同途径占比, figureFileSmall=Gb86DHxLjms5q1gDzvhGEg==, figureFileBig=guizS/8PjgfZ77TexCTvcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179426662233027435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Air intake rate by members of the Public m3/h

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组 0~11岁 >1~2岁 >2~7岁 >7~12岁 >12~17岁 >17岁
摄入量 0.19 0.28 0.42 0.58 0.63 0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1179426662287553388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

公众成员空气摄入速率[13]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组 0~11岁 >1~2岁 >2~7岁 >7~12岁 >12~17岁 >17岁
摄入量 0.19 0.28 0.42 0.58 0.63 0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1179426662342079341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effective dose conversion coefficient for inhalation by members of the public Sv/Bq

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核素 公众成员吸入有效剂量转换系数
0~1岁 >1~2岁 >2~7岁 >7~12岁 >12~17岁 >17岁
238U 1.2×10-5 9.4×10-6 5.9×10-6 4.0×10-6 3.4×10-6 2.9×10-6
232Th 5.4×10-5 5.0×10-5 3.7×10-5 2.6×10-5 2.5×10-5 2.5×10-5
226Ra 1.5×10-5 1.1×10-5 7.0×10-6 4.9×10-6 4.5×10-6 3.5×10-6
), ArticleFig(id=1179426662409188206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

公众成员吸入有效剂量转换系数[10]163

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核素 公众成员吸入有效剂量转换系数
0~1岁 >1~2岁 >2~7岁 >7~12岁 >12~17岁 >17岁
238U 1.2×10-5 9.4×10-6 5.9×10-6 4.0×10-6 3.4×10-6 2.9×10-6
232Th 5.4×10-5 5.0×10-5 3.7×10-5 2.6×10-5 2.5×10-5 2.5×10-5
226Ra 1.5×10-5 1.1×10-5 7.0×10-6 4.9×10-6 4.5×10-6 3.5×10-6
), ArticleFig(id=1179426662476297071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The effective dose conversion factor due to ingestion per unit intakeSv/Bq

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核素 公众成员年龄组
0~1岁 >1~2岁 >2~7岁 >7~12岁 >12~17岁 >17岁
238U 3.4×10-7 1.2×10-7 8.0×10-8 6.8×10-8 6.7×10-8 4.5×10-8
232Th 4.6×10-6 4.5×10-7 3.5×10-7 2.9×10-7 2.5×10-7 2.3×10-7
226Ra 4.7×10-6 9.6×10-7 6.2×10-7 8.0×10-7 1.5×10-6 2.8×10-7
), ArticleFig(id=1179426662535017328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999696720748720, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

食入单位摄入量所致的有效剂量转换因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核素 公众成员年龄组
0~1岁 >1~2岁 >2~7岁 >7~12岁 >12~17岁 >17岁
238U 3.4×10-7 1.2×10-7 8.0×10-8 6.8×10-8 6.7×10-8 4.5×10-8
232Th 4.6×10-6 4.5×10-7 3.5×10-7 2.9×10-7 2.5×10-7 2.3×10-7
226Ra 4.7×10-6 9.6×10-7 6.2×10-7 8.0×10-7 1.5×10-6 2.8×10-7
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某还原钛铁矿项目所致公众照射剂量分析
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李明亮 1 , 常青 2 , 贾力博 2 , 张巍 2 , 蔡圃 1
铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2025,44(1): 117-125
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铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2025, 44(1): 117-125
某还原钛铁矿项目所致公众照射剂量分析
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李明亮1, 常青2, 贾力博2, 张巍2, 蔡圃1
作者信息
  • 1 广西博宇生态环境有限公司, 广西 南宁 530000
  • 2 广西壮族自治区辐射环境监督管理站, 广西 南宁 530222
  • 李明亮(1990—),男,河南杞县人,学士,工程师,从事环境咨询工作。

通讯作者:

常青(1990—),女,陕西富平人,学士,工程师,从事辐射环境监测与评价。
Analysis on Public Exposure Caused by a Reduced Ilmenite Project
Mingliang LI1, Qing CHANG2, Libo JIA2, Wei ZHANG2, Pu CAI1
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangxi Boyu Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, China
  • 2 Guangxi Radiation Safety Supervision Station, Nanning 530222, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.06.09
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根据某还原钛铁矿(伴生放射性矿)项目运营时污染物的排放情况,预测周围公众不同受照途径的个人有效剂量,分析不同受照途径的贡献份额,为估算该项目对公众产生的辐射剂量提供参考。研究表明,项目运行所致公众最大个人有效剂量为0.09 mSv/a,关键照射途径为氡吸入内照射(贡献份额达80.6%),食入内照射贡献份额为17.8%,吸入放射性核素所致内照射贡献份额为1.6%。项目对周围公众人员的辐射影响满足相关标准要求,相对氡吸入内照射的贡献份额,食入、吸入内照射的贡献份额较少,但不可忽略。

伴生放射性矿  /  钛铁矿  /  公众照射  /  受照途径  /  个人有效剂量  /  贡献份额

According to the emission of pollutants during the operation of a reduction ilmenite (associated radioactive ore) project, the individual effective doses of different exposure routes on the surrounding public were predicted, and the contribution of different exposure routes were analyzed, to provide a reference for estimating the radiation dose of the project to the public. The results show that the maximum individual effective dose of the public members was 0.09 mSv/a, and the key exposure route was radon inhalation irradiation, which contributed 80.6%.The contribution share of ingestion exposure was 17.8%, the contribution of internal exposure due to radionuclides inhalation was 1.6%. The radiation impact of the project on the surrounding public meets the relevant standard requirements. Compared with radon inhalation exposure, the contribution of ingestion and inhalation exposure is smaller, but it cannot be ignored.

associated radioactive ore  /  ilmenite  /  public exposure  /  route of exposure  /  individual effective dose  /  contribution share
李明亮, 常青, 贾力博, 张巍, 蔡圃. 某还原钛铁矿项目所致公众照射剂量分析. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (1) : 117 -125 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.06.09
Mingliang LI, Qing CHANG, Libo JIA, Wei ZHANG, Pu CAI. Analysis on Public Exposure Caused by a Reduced Ilmenite Project[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (1) : 117 -125 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.06.09
中国是世界上矿产资源较丰富的国家之一。第1次全国污染源普查(2007年)确定的属于伴生放射性矿开发利用企业共1 433家[1],第2次全国污染源普查(2017年)确定的属于伴生放射性矿开发利用企业共464家[2-3]。伴生放射性矿开发利用企业较多,在开发利用矿产资源过程中产生的放射性流出物会对周围环境及公众人员造成一定辐射影响[4-7]
为加强对伴生放射性矿开发利用项目的监督管理,企业应履行辐射环境影响评价制度和竣工环境保护验收制度。在辐射环境影响评价过程中,预测及估算伴生放射性矿开发利用对周围环境及公众人员产生的辐射影响是重要内容之一。但在已批复并公开的辐射环境影响评价报告中,大部分报告在预测及估算时考虑的影响途径不够全面,采用的预测及估算方法相对简单,有的甚至没有对周围环境及公众人员产生辐射影响的预测及估算内容,不能满足辐射环境影响评价要求。为此,笔者对辐射环境影响评价中预测估算方法进行研究,以期为伴生放射性矿开发利用项目的辐射环境影响评价提供参考。
某还原钛铁矿项目利用煤将钛精矿还原,得到还原钛铁矿。项目生产过程中无液态流出物及放射性固体废物产生,主要考虑气载流出物对周围环境的辐射影响。
项目气载流出物主要是指通过有组织、无组织形式排放的废气颗粒物,含有伴生放射性核素以及生产场所的氡及其子体。根据污染源测定结果,生产场所氡活度浓度为18.2~49.1 Bq/m3,最大氡活度浓度出现在成品库。按最大氡活度浓度49.1 Bq/m3进行预测分析。
废气颗粒物年排放量为46.59 t/a,废气颗粒物由不同原料、产品、中间产品、尾渣组成,颗粒物中的伴生放射性核素的比活度均按所有物料的最大值进行预测分析,其中a(238U)=680 Bq/kg、a(232Th)=2 156 Bq/kg、a(226Ra)=716 Bq/kg。在伴生放射性核素自然衰变时无40K产生;210Po半衰期为138 d,自然衰变时其比活度相对238U、232Th、226Ra要小很多,故研究中不考虑40K和210Po的影响。
本预测选取各参数取值均较保守。在估算时,假设整个项目场址内氡浓度均一致,且放射物物料堆场释放出来的氡全部被吹走;在食入内照射估算时,自给份额按1取值,动物摄入量、转移因子等参数均按大动物进行取值。
项目周围公众人员因气载流出物而受到放射性污染的途径主要包括:浸没于空气中受到的外照射;干、湿沉降导致地面放射性沉积物引起的外照射;吸入空气造成的内照射;食入因干、湿沉降导致放射性沉积的粮食、蔬菜等食物造成的内照射;食入由干、湿沉降导致放射性沉积的饲料所喂养的家畜肉、奶及其制品造成的内照射。
根据公众受照途径,公众个人有效剂量估算公式[8]可以简化为
D=Dr+DRn+Dh+De,
式中:D—公众个人有效剂量,mSv/a;Dr—外照射有效剂量,mSv/a;DRn—吸入222Rn所致内照射有效剂量,mSv/a;Dh—第i种核素吸入所致内照射有效剂量,mSv/a;De—第i种核素食入所致内照射有效剂量,mSv/a。
该项目周围公众所受放射性外照射主要表现为矿尘的浸没外照射和由沉积在地表的矿尘所致的外照射。对于238U,地表沉积外照射为5.5×10-19(Sv/s)/(Bq/m2),空气浸没外照射为3.4×10-18(Sv/s)/(Bq/m3)[9]。考虑到矿尘浸没与沉积所致公众的有效剂量相对于吸入放射性核素途径所致有效剂量小得多,因此忽略其对外照射有效剂量的贡献。
为进行剂量估算,在评价半径为2.5 km内以0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5 km划分同心圆;再将这些同心圆划分为22.5°扇形段,以正北N向左、右各
划分11.25°为起始段,共划分64个子区。
采用简单箱体模型计算吸入氡所致内照射有效剂量,假设析出的氡在箱内均匀混合,根据场地中氡浓度计算公众剂量,其计算公式[10]36
DRn=gRn·t·CRn,
式中:DRn—吸入222Rn所致的内照射有效剂量,Sv/a;gRn—吸入222Rn剂量转换因子,取3.11×10-9Sv/(Bq·h·m-3);t—时间,取7 200 h/a;CRn—环境空气中222Rn浓度增量,Bq/m3
假设析出的氡在箱内均匀混合,采用简单箱体模型计算场所氡释放率,计算式为
R=CRn·(U·B·H)/S,
式中:R—场地中氡析出率,Bq/(m2·s);CRn—场地中氡活度浓度,取最大值49.1 Bq/m3;S—工作场所场地面积,取38 304 m2;U—各风向年均风速,根据2020年气象数据年均风速为4.78 m/s;B—垂直最高概率风向的场地宽度,主导风向为北风,取168 m;H—箱体高度,取10 m。
根据式(1)~式(3),计算出222Rn析出率为10.3 Bq/(m2·s),根据222Rn析出率计算出工作场所氡释放率为394 293 Bq/s。
吸入放射性核素所致公众个人有效剂量计算式[11]
Dh=C·fi·t·R·Gi·10-6,
式中:Dh—第i种核素吸入所致内照射有效剂量,Sv/a;C—附近居民吸入该项目排放的粉尘浓度,mg/m3;fi—吸入矿尘第i种核素比活度,Bq/kg;t—公众停留时间(以年运行时间计),h/a;R—公众空气摄入速率,m3/h;Gi—第i种核素吸入剂量转换系数,Sv/Bq。
将有组织排放作为点源,无组织排放作为面源,采用《环境影响评价技术导则 大气环境》(HJ 2.2—2018)[12]中推荐的AERMOD模型,进行项目周围空气中颗粒物浓度预测。公众成员空气摄入速率(R)见表1,公众成员吸入有效剂量转换系数(Gi)见表2
食入放射性核素所致公众个人有效剂量计算式[14]

De=$\sum _{i}$[Uv·(Cv,1i·fv1+Cv,2i·fv2)·exp(-λi·tv)

+Ul·(Cl1,1i·fl1+Cl,2i·fl2)·exp(-λi·tl)

+Um·(Cm,1i·fm1+Cm,2i·fm2)·exp(-λi·tm)

+Uf·(Cf,1i·ff1+Cf,2i·ff2

exp(-λi·tf)]·DFhi,

式中:UvUlUmUf分别表示公众个人作物、蔬菜、牛奶和肉类消费量,kg/a或L/a;Cv,1iCl,1iCm,1iCf,1i分别表示本子区生产的作物、蔬菜、牛奶和肉类内放射性核素i的含量,Bq/kg或Bg/L;Cv,2iCl,2iCm,2iCf,2i分别表示评价区(不包括本子区)内生产作物、蔬菜、牛奶和肉类的加权平均放射性核素i的含量,Bq/kg或Bg/L;${{f}_{\mathrm{v}}}_{1}$${{f}_{\mathrm{l}}}_{1}$${{f}_{\mathrm{m}}}_{1}$${{f}_{\mathrm{f}}}_{1}$分别表示公众个人食用本子区内生产作物、蔬菜、牛奶和肉类的份额(无量纲),保守取1;${{f}_{\mathrm{v}}}_{2}$${{f}_{\mathrm{l}}}_{2}$${{f}_{\mathrm{m}}}_{2}$${{f}_{\mathrm{f}}}_{2}$分别表示公众个人食用评价区(不包括本子区)内生产作物、蔬菜、牛奶和肉类的份额(无量纲),保守取0;tv—作物从收获到被消费的时间间隔,取30 d;tl—蔬菜从收获到被消费的时间间隔,取1 d;tm—从挤牛奶到牛奶被消费的时间间隔,取1 d;tf—产肉动物从屠宰到被消费的时间间隔,取1 d;λi—放射性核素i的衰变常数,1/d;${{DF}_{\mathrm{h}}}_{i}$—公众个人摄入放射性核素i的有效剂量转换因子,Sv/Bq。
公众个人摄入放射性核素i的有效剂量转换因子${{{DF}_{\mathrm{h}}}_{i}}^{}$[10]103表3
根据《Safety Reports Series No.19》中公式进行计算,因气载流出物导致的作物、蔬菜、牛奶和肉类中放射性核素i的含量。
根据调查结果,参考《中国居民膳食指南》[15-16],确定该项目评价区内人群主要食谱及食物消费量,然后通过公众不同受照途径有效剂量计算式估算。在正常工况下公众成员通过吸入222Rn所致个人有效剂量估算结果见图1。可以看出,个人有效剂量随距离增加而减少,最大值出现在E方位0~0.5 km处。
不同距离不同年龄组公众成员,通过吸入粉尘颗粒物而造成的伴生放射性核素内照射所致个人有效剂量估算结果见图2。可以看出,吸入粉尘所致公众个人有效剂量随距离增加而逐渐减少,不同年龄组之间,>17岁的成人吸入粉尘所致公众个人有效剂量最大,0~1岁的婴儿吸入粉尘所致公众个人有效剂量最小;最大值出现方位与主导风向有关,出现在主导风向下风向位置。
该项目运行所致公众最大个人年附加有效剂量出现在E方位0~0.5 m处的>12~17岁青少年组,为0.09 mSv/a,满足《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB 18871—2002)、《伴生放射性矿开发利用环境辐射防护技术要求》(T/BSRS 025—2020)中公众照射剂量约束值0.3 mSv/a的要求。其中,因吸入222Rn所致内照射而产生的个人附加有效剂量为7.23×10-2mSv/a,贡献份额为80.6%;因吸入粉尘颗粒物而造成的伴生放射性核素内照射所致个人附加有效剂量为1.45×10-3 mSv/a,贡献份额为1.6%;因食入本子区内受本项目污染的食物而造成的食入内照射为1.59×10-2 mSv/a,贡献份额为17.8%。
综上,该项目关键居民组为E方位的>12~17岁青少年组,个人附加有效剂量为0.09 mSv/a,关键核素为氡,关键照射途径为氡吸入所致内照射。
食入本子区内受本项目污染食物而造成的食入内照射所致个人有效剂量估算结果见图3。可以看出,食入内照射所致公众个人有效剂量随距离增加而逐渐减少,不同年龄组之间,>12~17岁的青少年食入内照射所致公众个人有效剂量最大,>2~7岁幼儿食入内照射所致公众个人有效剂量最小;最大值出现方位与主导风向有关,出现在主导风向下风向位置。
综上,公众成员个人年附加有效剂量估算结果见图4。公众成员因本项目运行而受到的个人有效剂量随距离增加而逐渐减少(图5)。不同年龄组之间,>12~17岁的青少年因本项目运行而受到的个人有效剂量最大,与食入内照射所致公众个人有效剂量最大值年龄组一致,可侧面表明食入内照射相比吸入粉尘的贡献份额较大;最大值出现在E方位,与吸入222Rn所致公众个人有效剂量最大值方向一致,表明吸入222Rn所致公众个人有效剂量相比吸入粉尘、食入内照射的贡献份额较大。
该项目的关键照射途径为氡吸入内照射,贡献份额达80.6%;食入内照射贡献份额相对较少,为17.8%;吸入粉尘颗粒物而造成的伴生放射性核素内照射贡献份额仅为1.6%。在“三关键”分析时,应根据周围公众分布情况,合理确定关键居民组。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.06.09
  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
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    1 广西博宇生态环境有限公司, 广西 南宁 530000
    2 广西壮族自治区辐射环境监督管理站, 广西 南宁 530222

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常青(1990—),女,陕西富平人,学士,工程师,从事辐射环境监测与评价。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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