Article(id=1147999692320927744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999688122430098, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)02-0084-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724083200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634055452, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1747670400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634055452, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634055452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634055452, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999688122430098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634054451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123795578, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179413939365491632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999688122430098, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179413939365491633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999688122430098, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=84, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999692568391707, articleId=1147999692320927744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Research of Thermal Catalytic Decomposition of 13CF4 to 13CO2, columnId=1175805041752556213, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=MINING AND HYDROMETALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of microwave plasma decomposition of 13CF4, such as complex operation process, harsh decomposition conditions and easy corrosion of reaction tubes,the thermal catalytic decomposition of 13CF4 to produce 13CO2 was studied. Under the condition of anhydrous and high temperature, 13CF4 was decomposed into 13CO2 by gas-solid reaction between 13CF4 and solid defluorination agent, using γ-Al2O3 as solid defluorination agent, meanwhile, the metal oxide in the defluorination agent is converted into metal fluoride. The results show that when the flow rate of reaction gas is 120 mL/min, the loading amount of catalyst is more than 60 g, the content of O2 in feed gas mixture is more than 50%, and the temperature of high temperature tubular furnace is 900℃, the conversion of γ-Al2${{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}_{}$ catalyst to 13CF4 gas is over 90%, which has good catalytic decomposition performance and can realize continuous catalysis and decomposition. The catalytic decomposition process has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and very high carbon yield, and can be used in industrial production.

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用微波等离子体技术分解13CF4时,存在操作流程复杂、分解条件苛刻、反应管易腐蚀等问题。为解决这些问题,进行了热催化分解13CF4制备13CO2试验。采用固态脱氟剂γ型纳米级氧化铝,在无水、高温条件下,通过13CF4与固态脱氟剂之间的气-固相反应,将13CF4分解转化为13CO2,同时将脱氟剂中的金属氧化物转化为金属氟化物。研究表明,在添加气为O2的条件下,当反应气流速为120 mL/min、催化剂装填量大于60 g、原料混合气中O2含量大于50%、高温反应炉程序升温至900℃时,γ型Al2O3催化剂对13CF4气体的转化率达90%,具有良好的催化分解性能,可实现连续催化和分解。该催化分解过程工艺简单、操作方便、碳收率高,可用于工业化生产。

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罗加强(1984—),男,湖南泸溪人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事稳定同位素分离研发和管理工作。

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罗加强(1984—),男,湖南泸溪人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事稳定同位素分离研发和管理工作。

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罗加强(1984—),男,湖南泸溪人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事稳定同位素分离研发和管理工作。

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Main test equipment and instruments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备及仪器名称 规格
高温反应炉 SK-G08123K(φ80/φ73 mm×1 000 mm)
气体质量流量计 GT-130D(使用范围:0~500 mL/min)
TCD检测器气相色谱仪 GC9560
气相缓冲罐 φ159 mm×600 mm
中间容器 φ159 mm×600 mm
真空泵 SHZ-CD(抽速10 L/s)
), ArticleFig(id=1179483281671209603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999692320927744, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要试验设备及仪器

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备及仪器名称 规格
高温反应炉 SK-G08123K(φ80/φ73 mm×1 000 mm)
气体质量流量计 GT-130D(使用范围:0~500 mL/min)
TCD检测器气相色谱仪 GC9560
气相缓冲罐 φ159 mm×600 mm
中间容器 φ159 mm×600 mm
真空泵 SHZ-CD(抽速10 L/s)
), ArticleFig(id=1179483281750901380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999692320927744, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

13C${{\mathrm{F}}_{4}}_{}$transformation test results after parameter optimization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原料混合气组分 温度/℃ 流量/(mL/min) 催化剂用量/g 原料混合气用量/g 转化率/%
50%13CF4/50%O2 900 120.0 60 92 93.67
50%13CF4/50%O2 900 120.0 60 116 93.28
), ArticleFig(id=1179483281813815941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999692320927744, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

参数优化后的13CF4转化试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原料混合气组分 温度/℃ 流量/(mL/min) 催化剂用量/g 原料混合气用量/g 转化率/%
50%13CF4/50%O2 900 120.0 60 92 93.67
50%13CF4/50%O2 900 120.0 60 116 93.28
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热催化分解13CF4制备13CO2技术研究
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罗加强 , 李梅芳 , 杨建平 , 王晓光
铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025,44(2): 84-88
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025, 44(2): 84-88
热催化分解13CF4制备13CO2技术研究
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罗加强, 李梅芳, 杨建平, 王晓光
作者信息
  • 中核燃料沧州有限公司, 河北 沧州 061000
  • 罗加强(1984—),男,湖南泸溪人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事稳定同位素分离研发和管理工作。

Research of Thermal Catalytic Decomposition of 13CF4 to 13CO2
Jiaqiang LUO, Meifang LI, Jianping YANG, Xiaoguang WANG
Affiliations
  • Cangzhou Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd., CNNC, Cangzhou 061000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.07
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用微波等离子体技术分解13CF4时,存在操作流程复杂、分解条件苛刻、反应管易腐蚀等问题。为解决这些问题,进行了热催化分解13CF4制备13CO2试验。采用固态脱氟剂γ型纳米级氧化铝,在无水、高温条件下,通过13CF4与固态脱氟剂之间的气-固相反应,将13CF4分解转化为13CO2,同时将脱氟剂中的金属氧化物转化为金属氟化物。研究表明,在添加气为O2的条件下,当反应气流速为120 mL/min、催化剂装填量大于60 g、原料混合气中O2含量大于50%、高温反应炉程序升温至900℃时,γ型Al2O3催化剂对13CF4气体的转化率达90%,具有良好的催化分解性能,可实现连续催化和分解。该催化分解过程工艺简单、操作方便、碳收率高,可用于工业化生产。

γ型Al2O3  /  催化  /  分解  /  13CF4  /  13CO2

In order to solve the problems of microwave plasma decomposition of 13CF4, such as complex operation process, harsh decomposition conditions and easy corrosion of reaction tubes,the thermal catalytic decomposition of 13CF4 to produce 13CO2 was studied. Under the condition of anhydrous and high temperature, 13CF4 was decomposed into 13CO2 by gas-solid reaction between 13CF4 and solid defluorination agent, using γ-Al2O3 as solid defluorination agent, meanwhile, the metal oxide in the defluorination agent is converted into metal fluoride. The results show that when the flow rate of reaction gas is 120 mL/min, the loading amount of catalyst is more than 60 g, the content of O2 in feed gas mixture is more than 50%, and the temperature of high temperature tubular furnace is 900℃, the conversion of γ-Al2${{\mathrm{O}}_{3}}_{}$ catalyst to 13CF4 gas is over 90%, which has good catalytic decomposition performance and can realize continuous catalysis and decomposition. The catalytic decomposition process has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and very high carbon yield, and can be used in industrial production.

γ-Al2O3  /  catalytic  /  decomposition  /  13CF4  /  13CO2
罗加强, 李梅芳, 杨建平, 王晓光. 热催化分解13CF4制备13CO2技术研究. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (2) : 84 -88 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.07
Jiaqiang LUO, Meifang LI, Jianping YANG, Xiaoguang WANG. Research of Thermal Catalytic Decomposition of 13CF4 to 13CO2[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (2) : 84 -88 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.07
稳定同位素具有良好的物理化学性能,在国民经济发展中发挥着重要作用[1]。作为示踪原子,同位素13C已被广泛应用于生物化学、营养学、药物代谢、临床诊断、生态环境等领域[2-4]。在13C稳定同位素生产过程中,转化是重要环节之一,13C产品的转化率取决于分解与转化技术水平[5]。目前,在科研项目中试阶段,13CF4的分解转化一般采用微波等离子体分解技术;该技术存在操作流程复杂、分解条件苛刻、反应管易腐蚀等问题,因此需要开发一种更高效安全的13CF4分解转化技术,促进离心法生产稳定同位素的多技术融合与产业化发展。
催化剂催化分解13CF4技术是一种高效、节能、环保的分解转化技术,是治理全氟化合物(PFCs)和13CF4最有效的技术之一[6]。目前,用于催化分解13CF4的方法主要有催化水解法和无水催化分解法,其中催化水解法是在催化剂的作用下,13CF4与H2O反应生产CO2和HF,产物HF对反应器有强腐蚀作用[7];无水催化分解法是在无水条件下,通过全氟烃气体与金属氧化物之间的反应将13CF4分解,该方法对反应器无腐蚀、操作简单[8-9]。但已有的无水催化分解CF4的研究对象是ppm量级的13C天然丰度为1.11%的低浓度CF4,主要集中在低浓度尾气处理方面。
γ-Al2O3固态脱氟剂比表面大、晶相温度范围广、表面具有酸性,被称为“活性氧化铝”[10-14],它具有催化活性高、选择性好和使用寿命长等优点[15-16],已广泛用作催化剂载体。本研究主要针对13C丰度已分离富集至99.0%以上的中高浓度CF4(浓度甚至高达50%以上),进行γ-Al2O3固态脱氟剂在13C稳定同位素生产过程中催化转化13CF4的技术研究。
无水催化分解法的原理是在无水、高温条件下,通过13CF4与固态脱氟剂之间的气-固相反应,将13CF4分解转化为13CO2,同时将脱氟剂中的金属氧化物转化为金属氟化物。本试验选择添加气为O2,O213CF4的混合气体在高温下与纳米级γ-Al2O3发生反应,收集反应后的气体产物。13CF4与Al2O3反应方程式为
$\begin{array}{c}3^{13} \mathrm{CF}_{4}(\mathrm{g})+2 \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{s})= \\3^{13} \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+4 \mathrm{AlF}_{3}(\mathrm{s}) 。\end{array}$
主要试剂:纳米级γ-Al2O3,纯度4N级,阿拉丁试剂生产;13CF4,纯度4N级;O2,纯度5N级。
13CF4催化转化试验设备及配套装置见图1表1,该装置可实现配制(13CF4、O2)混合气体、加热气体、催化转化13CF4、两级高温反应炉主备线切换等功能,可对配制气体、催化转化气体中的13CF4、O213CO2浓度进行切换检测。
在两级高温反应炉中的石英舟内分别添加质量相等的γ-Al2O3催化剂,封闭反应炉并用真空管线系统抽真空,经测漏合格后关闭抽真空手阀,复查与工艺系统相连接的抽真空手阀均处于关闭状态。开启反应炉进行加热,设定流量计流量,开启稳压阀后至缓冲罐入口处的所有阀门。开启原料混合气瓶,通过稳压阀调节流量,开始分解制备反应。反应过程中巡视检查流量及反应炉压力表的示数,待缓冲罐压力上升到0.015~0.02 MPa,关闭流量计前的阀门;待流量计示数变为0后,关闭流量计后的阀门。反应炉降温,连通缓冲罐和中间容器,通过冷冻收集系统内混合气体。定期将中间容器内的物料解冻并冷冻至粗品钢瓶中。待反应炉温度降至常温后,拆开反应炉更换催化剂,再次重复上述制备过程。
配制一定比例的(13CF4、O2)原料混合气,装填不同量的γ-Al2O3催化剂,通过稳压阀调节流量,使流量达到产能设计工况值(120 mL/min),通过高温反应炉对混合气加热升温(升温速率10℃/min),记录出口13CF413CO2浓度,分析反应温度及催化剂装填量对13CF4转化率的影响,得到适宜反应温度及催化剂装填量。
装填适宜量的催化剂,配制不同比例的(13CF4、O2)原料混合气,并向高温反应炉中供入一定量的混合气,设定高温反应炉程序升温至适宜反应温度范围内,记录出口13CF413CO2浓度,分析O2含量对13CF4转化率的影响,得到适宜原料混合比例。
配制适宜比例的(13CF4、O2)原料混合气,装填适宜量的催化剂,设定高温反应炉程序升温至适宜反应温度范围内,通过稳压阀调节流量,使流量达到产能设计工况值(120 mL/min),记录出口13CF413CO2浓度,分析13CF4的转化率。
13CF4分解反应在高温反应炉中进行,反应气组成为80% 13CF4/20%O2,反应气流速为120 mL/min,装填γ-Al2O3用量分别为10、30、60 g,即反应气空速(GHSV)分别为0.72、0.24、0.12 L/(h·g)。
不同GHSV条件下反应温度对13CF4转化率的影响见图2。可以看出,温度在200~800℃范围内,13CF4转化率随着反应温度的升高而增大;温度在800~900℃范围内,13CF4的转化率较高;再继续升温,13CF4转化率下降速率增大;GHSV越低,这样的变化趋势越明显。GHSV对13CF4转化率的影响较大,在相同反应温度下,GHSV越大,13CF4转化率越低;在800~900℃范围内,趋势尤为明显。因此,试验确定的适宜反应温度范围为800~900℃,催化剂装填量≥60 g。
在高温反应炉中装填60 g γ-Al2O3催化剂,分别配制比例为80%13CF4/20%O2、50%13CF4/50%O2、20%13CF4/80%O2的原料混合气,并向高温反应炉中供入1 200 mL的混合气,设定高温反应炉程序升温至900℃。
图3~图4可看出,随着原料混合气中O2含量的增加,13CF4转化率提高;当O2含量高于50%时,出口13CF4浓度在10 min以内快速下降至0,13CF4的转化率高达90%。因此,试验确定混合气中适宜O2含量为≥50%。
在高温反应炉中装填60 g γ-Al2O3催化剂,配制比例为50%13CF4/50%O2的原料混合气,反应气流速为120 mL/min,设定高温反应炉程序升温至900℃。两次转化试验数据见表2。可以看出,转化装置中13CF4的转化率达到目标值90%,满足工艺需求。
γ-Al2O3热催化分解13CF4制备13CO2技术,GHSV对13CF4转化率的影响较大,GHSV越大,13CF4转化率越低,温度在800~900℃的范围内,趋势尤为明显;13CF4转化率随着原料混合气中O2含量的增加而增加,当O2含量高于50%时,转化速率上升明显。在反应气流速120 mL/min、催化剂装填量≥60 g、原料混合气中O2含量≥50%、高温反应炉程序升温至900℃时,γ-Al2O3催化剂对13CF4气体的转化率达90%,可实现对13CF4的连续催化和分解,且催化分解过程工艺简单、操作方便,该技术可用于工业化生产。
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2025年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.07
  • 接收时间:2024-08-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2025-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-20
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    中核燃料沧州有限公司, 河北 沧州 061000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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