Article(id=1147999688214700402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)01-0071-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.04, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716480000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634054472, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634054472, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634054472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634054472, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999683156370319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634053267, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123824852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=71, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999688449581447, articleId=1147999688214700402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Application of 5-Br-PADAP Colorimetric Method in the Determination of Low Content Uranium in High Iron and High Nitrate Solutions, columnId=1175805041752556213, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=MINING AND HYDROMETALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article studies the pretreatment methods of solutions with high iron content, high nitrate content, and low uranium content. The results show that under the pretreatment conditions of using 4% TOPO cyclohexane solution as the extractant, a volume ratio of organic phase to water phase of 1:6, an extraction time of 2 minutes, an extraction temperature of 25℃, and a mixed complexing agent as the counter extractant, the extraction efficiency reached 99.0%, and the counter extraction efficiency was 99.0%. The 5-Br-PADAP colorimetric method can accurately determine the uranium content in the pretreated solution after extraction reverse extraction of high iron, high nitrate, and low uranium content solutions. The relative standard deviation of this method is less than 8.11%, the recovery rate of spiking is 96.0%~99.5%, and the detection limit of this method is 0.013 mg/L.

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曹欣然(1989—),女,北京人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为辐射环境监测。

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曹欣然(1989—),女,北京人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为辐射环境监测。

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曹欣然(1989—),女,北京人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为辐射环境监测。

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Influence of extraction agent on uranium extraction rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 移取的铀
质量/μg
萃取的铀
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
TBP(30%)-
煤油溶液
10.0 1.41 14.1
4% TOPO-
环己烷溶液
10.0 9.92 99.2
4% TRPO-
环己烷溶液
10.0 9.48 94.8
), ArticleFig(id=1179340369629164057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

萃取剂对铀萃取率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 移取的铀
质量/μg
萃取的铀
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
TBP(30%)-
煤油溶液
10.0 1.41 14.1
4% TOPO-
环己烷溶液
10.0 9.92 99.2
4% TRPO-
环己烷溶液
10.0 9.48 94.8
), ArticleFig(id=1179340369763381786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Influence of aqueous phase to organic phase on uranium extraction rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V(有机相)∶
V(水相)
萃余液中铀的
质量/μg
萃取铀的
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
1∶1 0.05 9.95 99.5
1∶2 0.06 9.94 99.4
1∶4 0.06 9.94 99.4
1∶6 0.06 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340369864045084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

萃取相比对铀萃取率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V(有机相)∶
V(水相)
萃余液中铀的
质量/μg
萃取铀的
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
1∶1 0.05 9.95 99.5
1∶2 0.06 9.94 99.4
1∶4 0.06 9.94 99.4
1∶6 0.06 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340369960514078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Influence of extraction time on uranium extraction rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
萃取
时间/min
萃余液中的铀
质量/μg
萃取的铀
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
0.5 1.90 8.10 81.0
1.0 0.53 9.47 94.7
2.0 0.06 9.94 99.4
3.0 0.06 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370044400160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

萃取时间对铀萃取率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
萃取
时间/min
萃余液中的铀
质量/μg
萃取的铀
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
0.5 1.90 8.10 81.0
1.0 0.53 9.47 94.7
2.0 0.06 9.94 99.4
3.0 0.06 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370119897634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Influence of extraction temperature on uranium extraction rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
萃取
温度/℃
萃余液中的铀
质量/μg
萃取的铀
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
10 2.74 7.26 72.6
20 0.14 9.86 98.6
25 0.06 9.94 99.4
30 0.06 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370249921059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

萃取温度对铀萃取率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
萃取
温度/℃
萃余液中的铀
质量/μg
萃取的铀
质量/μg
铀萃取
率/%
10 2.74 7.26 72.6
20 0.14 9.86 98.6
25 0.06 9.94 99.4
30 0.06 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370304447012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Selection experiment of reverse extractant

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反萃取剂 测定的铀质量/μg 铀反萃取率/%
1% Na2CO3 6.41 64.1
H2O 5.20 52.0
混合配合剂 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370379944485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

反萃取剂的选取试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反萃取剂 测定的铀质量/μg 铀反萃取率/%
1% Na2CO3 6.41 64.1
H2O 5.20 52.0
混合配合剂 9.94 99.4
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370459636262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Influence of interfering ions on uranium concentration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 加入的铀质量
浓度/(mg/L)
测定铀的质量
浓度/(mg/L)
偏差/%
5 mL模拟溶液1 0.10 0.098 -2.00
10 mL模拟溶液1 0.10 0.099 -1.00
15 mL模拟溶液1 0.10 0.080 -20.0
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370539328039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

干扰离子对铀浓度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 加入的铀质量
浓度/(mg/L)
测定铀的质量
浓度/(mg/L)
偏差/%
5 mL模拟溶液1 0.10 0.098 -2.00
10 mL模拟溶液1 0.10 0.099 -1.00
15 mL模拟溶液1 0.10 0.080 -20.0
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370719683112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Allowable amount of interfering ions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 Fe/mg $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$/g Ni/mg Pb/mg Cr/mg Al/mg
数值 274 4.10 2.55 6.66 18.8 37.6
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370795180585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

干扰离子的允许量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 Fe/mg $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$/g Ni/mg Pb/mg Cr/mg Al/mg
数值 274 4.10 2.55 6.66 18.8 37.6
), ArticleFig(id=1179340370996507178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Sample validation test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 铀质量浓度测定结果/(mg/L) 相对
误差/%
萃取-反萃取-比色法 ICP-MS法
HA 0.98 1.01 3.02
H916 5.05 4.98 1.40
), ArticleFig(id=1179340371072004651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

样品验证试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 铀质量浓度测定结果/(mg/L) 相对
误差/%
萃取-反萃取-比色法 ICP-MS法
HA 0.98 1.01 3.02
H916 5.05 4.98 1.40
), ArticleFig(id=1179340371139113516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Precision test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 铀质量浓度定/(mg/L) 相对标准
偏差/%
测定结果 平均值
H1119P2 1.00, 0.98, 1.05,
1.10, 1.15, 0.92
1.03 8.11
H1119P1 4.56, 4.48, 4.40,
4.58, 4.23, 4.56
4.47 2.97
H11115 19.9, 20.6, 19.8,
20.0, 19.5, 19.8
19.9 1.84
), ArticleFig(id=1179340371222999597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

精密度试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 铀质量浓度定/(mg/L) 相对标准
偏差/%
测定结果 平均值
H1119P2 1.00, 0.98, 1.05,
1.10, 1.15, 0.92
1.03 8.11
H1119P1 4.56, 4.48, 4.40,
4.58, 4.23, 4.56
4.47 2.97
H11115 19.9, 20.6, 19.8,
20.0, 19.5, 19.8
19.9 1.84
), ArticleFig(id=1179340371332051502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Accuracy test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 铀质量测定
结果/μg
回收率/%
H1119P2(1 mL) 1.03
H1119P2(1 mL)+1 μg铀 1.99 96.0
H1119P1(1 mL) 4.47
H1119P1(1 mL)+5 μg铀 9.44 99.4
H1115(0.5 mL) 9.95
H1115(0.5 mL)+10 μg铀 19.90 99.5
), ArticleFig(id=1179340371394966063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999688214700402, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

准确度试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 铀质量测定
结果/μg
回收率/%
H1119P2(1 mL) 1.03
H1119P2(1 mL)+1 μg铀 1.99 96.0
H1119P1(1 mL) 4.47
H1119P1(1 mL)+5 μg铀 9.44 99.4
H1115(0.5 mL) 9.95
H1115(0.5 mL)+10 μg铀 19.90 99.5
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用5-Br-PADAP比色法测定高铁、高硝酸根体系中的低含量铀
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曹欣然 1 , 程晨 2 , 周丽彬 1
铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025,44(1): 71-77
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025, 44(1): 71-77
用5-Br-PADAP比色法测定高铁、高硝酸根体系中的低含量铀
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曹欣然1, 程晨2, 周丽彬1
作者信息
  • 1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
  • 2 安国市农业农村局, 河北 保定 071200
  • 曹欣然(1989—),女,北京人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为辐射环境监测。

Application of 5-Br-PADAP Colorimetric Method in the Determination of Low Content Uranium in High Iron and High Nitrate Solutions
Xinran CAO1, Chen CHENG2, Libin ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China
  • 2 Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Anguo, Baoding 071200, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.04
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为了消除高铁、高硝酸根对5-Br-PADAP比色法测定低含量铀的影响,研究了高铁、高硝酸根、低铀含量溶液的预处理方式。结果表明:以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,在有机相与水相体积比1∶6、萃取时间2 min、萃取温度25℃、以混合配合剂为反萃取剂的预处理条件下,萃取率达99.0%,反萃取率为99.0%。对高铁、高硝酸根、低铀含量溶液进行萃取—反萃取后,采用5-Br-PADAP比色法能够准确测定预处理后溶液中铀的含量。该方法的相对标准偏差小于8.11%,加标回收率为96.0%~99.5%,方法检出限为0.013 mg/L。
高铁  /  高硝酸根  /  低含量铀  /  预处理  /  萃取  /  反萃取  /  5-Br-PADAP比色法

This article studies the pretreatment methods of solutions with high iron content, high nitrate content, and low uranium content. The results show that under the pretreatment conditions of using 4% TOPO cyclohexane solution as the extractant, a volume ratio of organic phase to water phase of 1:6, an extraction time of 2 minutes, an extraction temperature of 25℃, and a mixed complexing agent as the counter extractant, the extraction efficiency reached 99.0%, and the counter extraction efficiency was 99.0%. The 5-Br-PADAP colorimetric method can accurately determine the uranium content in the pretreated solution after extraction reverse extraction of high iron, high nitrate, and low uranium content solutions. The relative standard deviation of this method is less than 8.11%, the recovery rate of spiking is 96.0%~99.5%, and the detection limit of this method is 0.013 mg/L.

high iron  /  high nitrate content  /  low uranium content  /  pretreatment  /  extraction  /  reverse extraction  /  5-Br-PADAP
曹欣然, 程晨, 周丽彬. 用5-Br-PADAP比色法测定高铁、高硝酸根体系中的低含量铀. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (1) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.04
Xinran CAO, Chen CHENG, Libin ZHOU. Application of 5-Br-PADAP Colorimetric Method in the Determination of Low Content Uranium in High Iron and High Nitrate Solutions[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (1) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.04
在核能开发项目“含铀废水沉淀形成碱渣中铀回收技术研究及工程化装置研发”中,铀工艺课题组对碱渣浸出液采用多次萃取方法回收其中的铀,3级或4级萃取后的萃余溶液为含有高浓度铁、高浓度硝酸根、低浓度铀的复杂体系,其中ρ(Fe)=20.0~27.4 g/L,ρ(${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$)=210~410 g/L,ρ(U)=0.10~20 mg/L,体系中铀的准确含量是此项目的考核指标之一。
目前,溶液中铀的分析方法有质谱法、激光荧光法、容量法、分光光度法等[1]131。质谱法[2]4-5(ICP-MS法)虽然能够准确测定高铁、高硝酸根、低铀含量复杂溶液体系中的铀浓度;但ICP-MS仪器昂贵,需放置在空白值较低的分析实验室,无法满足铀工艺现场的使用要求。由于待测溶液中的铁和硝酸根含量较高,激光荧光法[3-5]不适合测定该溶液体系中的铀浓度。容量法包括磷酸-亚铁-钒酸铵容量法、硫酸-亚钛-钒酸铵容量法、三氯化钛还原/钒酸氨氧化滴定法、磷酸-亚钛-钒酸铵容量法、磷酸-亚锡-钒酸铵容量法等[6-10]。容量法测定铀浓度必须满足:待测溶液中ρ(U)>0.05 g/L,杂质ρ(Fe)≤1.25 g/L、ρ(${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$)≤12.5 g/L的要求;本研究溶液体系不满足容量法的测定要求。分光光度法主要有铀试剂Ⅲ分光光度法、苯基荧光酮分光光度法、流动注射分光光度法、电化学发光分析法、5-Br-PADAP分光光度法等[11-20],在这些分析方法中,微量铀含量的测定方法常用5-Br-PADAP分光光度法。5-Br-PADAP分光光度法直接测定溶液中铀含量须满足:待测溶液中ρ(U)≥1.0 mg/L,ρ(Fe)≤0.28 g/L、ρ(${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$)≤2.0 g/L的要求。本研究溶液体系不满足5-Br-PADAP分光光度法的测定要求,不能直接采用5-Br-PADAP分光光度法进行测定。
因此,针对测定高铁、高硝酸根、低铀溶液体系中的铀含量,需要建立快速准确的分析方法,以满足现场测定的要求。
试验原料:铀工艺现场试验提供的萃余液HA、萃余液H1115、萃余液H1119P1、萃余液H1119P2,这些萃余溶液的主要组分为:ρ(Fe)=20.0~27.4 g/L,ρ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$)=210~410 g/L,ρ(U)=1.0~20 mg/L,ρ(Pb)≈666 mg/L,ρ(Cr)≈1.88 g/L,ρ(Ni)≈255 mg/L。
试验试剂:丙酮、盐酸、氨水、酚酞指示剂、三辛基氧膦(TOPO)、三烷基氧膦(TRPO)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、煤油、环己烷、氢氧化钠、反式-1,2-环己二胺四乙酸(CyDTA)、氟化钠、三乙醇胺、2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(简称5-Br-PADAP)、无水乙醇、硝酸铁、硝酸铝,均为分析纯。
模拟基体溶液:在3 mol/L的硝酸溶液中,配制模拟溶液的基体溶液。基体溶液杂质含量:ρ(Fe)=27.4 g/L,ρ(${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$)=410 g/L,ρ(Ni)=255 mg/L,ρ(Pb)=666 mg/L,ρ(Cr)=1.88 g/L,ρ(Al)=3.76 g/L。
模拟溶液1:移取模拟基体溶液200 mL,加入2 mL铀标准溶液(10 mg/L),得到含铀0.1 mg/L的模拟溶液。
模拟溶液2:移取模拟基体溶液200 mL,加入2 mL铀标准溶液(100 mg/L),得到含铀1.0 mg/L的模拟溶液。
铀工作溶液:量取10 mL铀标准溶液(10 mg/L)至100 mL的容量瓶,加入12.7 mL分析纯浓硝酸,加水摇匀,冷却,用水稀释至刻度得到含铀1 mg/L的工作溶液。
4% TRPO-环己烷溶液的配制:移取40 mL TRPO,用环己烷溶解,并稀释至1 L。
4% TOPO-环己烷溶液的配制:称取40 g TOPO溶解在环己烷中,并用环己烷稀释至1 L;
TBP(30%)-煤油的配制:移取60 mL TBP至200 mL容量瓶中,用煤油稀释至200 mL。
混合配合剂:称取CyDTA 50 g、NaF 30 g,溶于800 mL水中,用NaOH和1∶1盐酸调至pH=7~8,然后用水稀释至1 L。
三乙醇胺缓冲液:移取135 mL三乙醇胺溶于800 mL水中,用浓盐酸中和至pH=7~8,用水稀释至1 L。
5-Br-PADAP显色剂:称取0.25 g 5-Br-PADAP溶于无水乙醇中,并用无水乙醇稀释至500 mL。
试验设备:721型分光光度计,无机质谱仪(分辨率为0.70~1.0 amu、NexION 35X)。
在2 mol/L硝酸介质中,${\mathrm{U}\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2+}$能被TOPO-环己烷萃取;以CyDTA和氟化钠混合液做反萃取剂,将铀反萃取到水相;在pH=7~8条件下,以5-Br-PADAP显色测定铀。
萃取试验:在60 mL的分液漏斗中,依次加入硝酸溶液、铀工作溶液(或待测溶液)、萃取剂,在一定温度下萃取震荡2 min,静置分相,弃去水相。
洗涤试验:用5 mL硝酸溶液(2 mol/L)洗涤萃取后的有机相,震荡洗涤2 min,静置分相,弃去水相,重复2次。如果界面有污物,可用滤纸条擦净。
反萃取试验:用混合配合剂进行反萃取,反萃震荡2 min,反萃液放入25 mL容量瓶中。
在25 mL容量瓶中,分别加入一定质量的铀工作溶液(或待测反萃溶液),依次加入5 mL混合配合剂(若是待测反萃溶液,不需加)、酚酞指示剂,用1∶1氨水和1 mol/L的盐酸调至中性;再加入2 mL三乙醇胺缓冲液、5 mL丙酮和1 mL 5-Br-PADAP显色剂,用水稀释至刻度并摇匀。25℃发色40 min后,在721型分光光度计选定波长下,用3 cm比色皿,以试剂空白作参比测定铀配合物的吸光度。
分别量取1 mg/L的铀工作溶液0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、10.0、20.0 mL置于一系列盛有30 mL硝酸(2 mol/L)的分液漏斗中,以空白溶液作参比,按照试验1.3.1~1.3.2方法试验,得到相应的吸光度值。以铀质量浓度为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,得到工作曲线(图1)。可以看出,工作曲线为:y=0.023 9x-0.000 6,曲线的斜率R2=0.999 7。
移取10 mL水于25 mL容量瓶中,然后按1.3.2的比色试验步骤发色,以此作为空白样品的对照比色点。
分别移取6份10 mL水于6个60 mL的分液漏斗中,然后按照1.3.1~1.3.2方法进行萃取-反萃取试验、比色试验,测定空白样品的吸光度值A0
通过试验得到6个空白样品的吸光度值,分别为0.005、0.006、0.005、0.003、0.004、0.005;将6个A0值分别代入工作曲线,计算得到铀质量浓度,分别为0.023、0.028、0.023、0.015、0.019、0.023 mg/L,标准偏差为0.004 3 mg/L。该方法检出限为3倍标准偏差,即方法检出限为0.013 mg/L。
取3份10 mL模拟溶液2(含铀1.0 mg/L)分别置于3个100 mL分液漏斗中,采用1∶1的相比,分别用4% TRPO-环己烷、4%TOPO-环己烷、TBP(30%)-煤油为萃取剂进行试验,测得相应吸光度,计算得到铀质量及萃取效率(表1)。可以看出,4% TOPO-环己烷溶液的萃取率达99.2%。因此,以下试验以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂。
分别移取4份10 mL模拟溶液2(含铀1.0 mg/L)于4个60 mL的分液漏斗中,以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,V(有机相)∶V(水相)分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、1∶6,在萃取温度25℃、萃取酸度2 mol/L条件下,萃取2.0 min,采用质谱法测定萃余液中的铀质量,并计算萃取率,结果见表2。可以看出,铀萃取率随相比的变化不大。为节省萃取剂,试验V(有机相)∶V(水相)以1∶6为宜。
分取4份10 mL模拟溶液2(含铀1.0 mg/L)于4个60 mL的分液漏斗中,以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,在V(有机相)∶V(水相)=1∶6、萃取温度25℃条件下,改变萃取时间(分别为0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 min)进行萃取试验,采用质谱法测定萃余液中的铀质量,计算出铀萃取率,结果见表3。可以看出,随着萃取时间的增加,铀萃取率增加,本试验萃取时间以2.0 min为宜。
分取4份10 mL模拟溶液2(含铀1.0 mg/L)于4个60 mL的分液漏斗中,以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,在V(有机相)∶V(水相)=1∶6、萃取时间=2.0 min条件下,改变萃取温度(分别为10、20、25、30℃)进行萃取试验,用质谱法测定萃余液中的铀质量,计算铀萃取率,结果见表4。可以看出,随着萃取温度的升高,铀萃取率增加,试验萃取的温度以≥25℃为宜。
分取4份10 mL模拟溶液2(含铀1.0 mg/L)于4个60 mL的分液漏斗中,室温25℃,以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,在V(有机相)∶V(水相)=1∶6、萃取时间=2.0 min条件下,改变硝酸浓度(分别为0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 mol/L)进行反萃取试验,测定不同萃取酸度下反萃取溶液中铀的吸光度值,并做酸度曲线,结果见图2
图2说明,当硝酸浓度在0.5~2.0 mol/L时,吸光度值逐渐增加;当硝酸浓度在2.0~4.0 mol/L时,吸光度值趋于稳定,因此萃取酸度以2.0 mol/L硝酸为宜。
分取3份5 mL模拟溶液2(含铀1.0 mg/L)于3个60 mL的分液漏斗中,以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,在V(有机相)∶V(水相)=1∶6、萃取温度25℃、硝酸浓度为2.0 mol/L条件下,进行萃取试验;然后分别以1% Na2CO3、H2O、混合配合剂为反萃取剂进行反萃取,用分光光度法选用3 cm比色皿测定吸光度值,计算反萃取液中的铀质量和反萃取率,结果见表5。可以看出,混合配合剂的反萃取铀效果最好,试验采用混合配合剂为反萃取剂。
采用加入不同体积的模拟溶液1来进行干扰离子允许量试验。采用分别移取5、10、15 mL的模拟溶液1,置于3个60 mL的分液漏斗中,以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,在V(有机相)∶V(水相)=1∶6、萃取温度25℃、硝酸浓度2 mol/L条件下进行萃取试验;以混合配合剂为反萃取剂进行反萃取试验,测定反萃取溶液中的铀浓度,考察不同质量的干扰离子对测定铀的影响程度,从而得到本方法的干扰离子允许量。通过试验和计算,得到铀的测定值以及相对误差值,结果见表6
表6可看出,15 mL模拟溶液1中的干扰离子对铀准确值的测定产生-20.0%的偏差,而5 mL、10 mL模拟溶液1中的干扰离子对铀准确值的测定分别产生-2.0%、-1.0%的偏差。因此,以10 mL模拟溶液1的干扰离子质量为本方法的干扰离子允许量,结果见表7
分别移取ρ(U)=1.0 mg/L的铀工艺萃余溶液(HA)5 mL、ρ(U)=5.0 mg/L的铀工艺萃余溶液(H916)1 mL,置于2个60 mL的分液漏斗中,再分别加入2.0 mol/L的硝酸25、29 mL,加入4% TOPO-环己烷溶液5 mL,在25℃下进行萃取;萃取后,加入2.0 mol/L的硝酸5 mL,按照1.3.1方法洗涤2次;然后加入5 mL混合配合剂进行反萃取,测定3个反萃取溶液的吸光度值,计算铀的浓度;并将结果与ICP-MS法的结果比较,计算相对误差(表8)。
表8可知,对于铀工艺萃取溶液,采用萃取—反萃取—比色法测定铀含量方法是可行的,和质谱法测定的结果相对误差≤3.02%。
对铀工艺现场的不同含量水平样品进行了精密度试验。分别移取6份各个水平的试验溶液,置于60 mL的分液漏斗中,分别加入4% TOPO-环己烷溶液5 mL,在V(有机相)∶V(水相)=1∶6、萃取温度25℃、硝酸浓度2.0 mol/L条件下进行萃取试验,洗涤后加入5 mL混合配合剂进行反萃取,测定各反萃取溶液的吸光值,并计算6次平行试验的铀质量浓度与相对标准偏差,结果见表9。可以看出,萃取—反萃取—比色法测定3个含量水平的实际样品,铀质量浓度的相对标准偏差≤8.11%。
对铀工艺现场的不同含量水平样品进行了准确度试验。每个水平分别移取2份溶液,在其中1份溶液中加入相同含量的铀工作溶液,(以4% TOPO-环己烷溶液为萃取剂,在V(有机相)∶V(水相)=1∶6、萃取温度25℃、硝酸浓度2.0 mol/L下进行萃取;以混合配合剂为反萃取剂进行萃取-反萃取试验,并测定吸光度值,计算铀的质量与加标回收率,试验结果见表10
表10可看出,对于实际样品溶液,采取萃取分离富集、混合配合剂反萃取法预处理后,测定3个水平溶液的铀质量,加标回收率在96.0%~99.5%。
对高铁、高硝酸根、低铀含量溶液进行萃取-反萃取预处理后,采用5-Br-PADAP比色法能够准确测定预处理后溶液中铀的含量。萃取—反萃取—比色法的精密度高,相对标准偏差小于8.11%;该方法的准确度高,加标回收率在96.0%~99.5%;本方法的检出限为0.013 mg/L。
  • 核工业北京化工冶金研究院院长基金
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.04
  • 接收时间:2024-05-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24
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核工业北京化工冶金研究院院长基金
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    1 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
    2 安国市农业农村局, 河北 保定 071200
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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