Article(id=1147999681646424128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999670040781819, articleNumber=1000-8063(2024)03-0001-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.02.02, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708617600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634052907, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634052907, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634052907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634052907, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999670040781819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2024', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634050139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123774979, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179413852954440623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999670040781819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179413852954440624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999670040781819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999681881305179, articleId=1147999681646424128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Application of High Energy Gas Fracturing in In-situ Leaching of Low-permeable Sandstone Uranium Deposit, columnId=1175805041752556213, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=MINING AND HYDROMETALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bayinqinggeli uranium deposit in the northern of the Ordos Basin is hosted in the lower sub-member,lower member of Zhiluo Formation,with an average uranium grade of 0.057 1% and an average uranium mass per square meter of 6.69 kg/m2,but its permeability coefficient is only 0.065 m/d,which is a typical low-permeable sandstone uranium deposit. For this deposit,the well Z5,which has poor injection capacity,is selected to carry out the high energy gas fracturing experiments. The uranium deposit aquifer of the well is located at 619~639 m,and the depth of the propellant is placed at 632.5~637.4 m,626.6~631.6 m,620.6~625.6 m. The amount of the propellant is 40 kg for each time. At the same time of fracturing,microseismic monitoring is carried out around well Z5. There are 59,61 and 49 events generated by the fracturing of three times,and the event profiles show that the fractures formed in the reservoir are trending at 46.8°NW,31.0°NW and 72.3°N,respectively. After fracturing,the injection volume of well Z5 is significantly improved,with an increasement of 126.34%. The high energy gas fracturing can improve the permeability of the near-well area. It is easy to implement and the cost is low.

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鄂尔多斯盆地北部巴音青格利铀矿床赋存于直罗组下段下亚段中,矿体平均铀品位为0.057 1%,平均平米铀量为6.69 kg/m2;但其渗透系数仅为0.065 m/d,属典型低渗砂岩型铀矿。在常规地浸开采中,易出现抽注液量低、生产不经济等问题。为提高该矿床矿层的渗透性,选取注液能力较差的Z5井开展高能气体致裂增渗试验,同时使用微地震法在Z5井周围对高能气体压裂产生的裂缝发育情况进行监测。试验结果表明,致裂后Z5井注液量得到明显改善,平均注液量增加了126.34%,微地震监测事件点的纵向跨度在3.8~4.5 m,未破坏含矿含水层顶底板。高能气体致裂增渗技术能够使近井地带渗透能力得到改善,且方便实施,成本较低。

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张友澎(1996—),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地浸采铀技术研究工作。

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张友澎(1996—),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地浸采铀技术研究工作。

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张友澎(1996—),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地浸采铀技术研究工作。

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figureFileBig=Z4nMSevIj9N9x3UTnIavXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179491235657036111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=CN, label=图8, caption=致裂事件点跨度统计, figureFileSmall=RlE8FG3UcnuhC8ouPaViDQ==, figureFileBig=Z4nMSevIj9N9x3UTnIavXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179491235711562064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Injection variation curve of well Z5 before and after fracturing, figureFileSmall=2jRDGhXZfow6uZE2bbn3Dg==, figureFileBig=FbKMejIsS6r/i6lNB3Li8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179491235770282321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=CN, label=图9, caption=致裂前后Z5井注液量变化曲线, figureFileSmall=2jRDGhXZfow6uZE2bbn3Dg==, figureFileBig=FbKMejIsS6r/i6lNB3Li8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179491235824808274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of hydrogeological tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号 所处
勘探线
静止水位 承压
水头/m
单井涌水
量/(m3/d)
水位
降深/m
单位涌水量/
[L/(s·m)]
含水层
厚度/m
渗透
系数/(m/d)
导水系
数/(m2/d)
埋深/m 标高/m
WB1 B16 70.27 1 300.89 398.1 233.8 12.04 0.23 48.55 1.37 66.5
WB2 B87 81.75 1 300.49 407.2 188.8 93.66 0.02 32.68 0.11 3.6
WB3 B63(下亚段) 81.05 1 300.18 413.5 121.0 146.40 0.01 38.60 0.065 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1179491235887722835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

水文地质试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号 所处
勘探线
静止水位 承压
水头/m
单井涌水
量/(m3/d)
水位
降深/m
单位涌水量/
[L/(s·m)]
含水层
厚度/m
渗透
系数/(m/d)
导水系
数/(m2/d)
埋深/m 标高/m
WB1 B16 70.27 1 300.89 398.1 233.8 12.04 0.23 48.55 1.37 66.5
WB2 B87 81.75 1 300.49 407.2 188.8 93.66 0.02 32.68 0.11 3.6
WB3 B63(下亚段) 81.05 1 300.18 413.5 121.0 146.40 0.01 38.60 0.065 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1179491235946443092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The fracturing locations

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致裂次序 推进剂
位置(顶)/m
推进剂
位置(底)/m
高度
差/m
药量/kg
1 632.5 637.4 4.9 40
2 626.6 631.6 5.0 40
3 620.6 625.6 5.0 40
), ArticleFig(id=1179491236000969045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

致裂位置信息

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致裂次序 推进剂
位置(顶)/m
推进剂
位置(底)/m
高度
差/m
药量/kg
1 632.5 637.4 4.9 40
2 626.6 631.6 5.0 40
3 620.6 625.6 5.0 40
), ArticleFig(id=1179491236055494998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Coordinates of the geophones

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检波器 x/m y/m
1 -43 -100
2 19 -117
3 63 -35
4 68 25
5 31 98
6 -3 99
7 -55 65
8 -66 -21
), ArticleFig(id=1179491236130992471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

检波器坐标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检波器 x/m y/m
1 -43 -100
2 19 -117
3 63 -35
4 68 25
5 31 98
6 -3 99
7 -55 65
8 -66 -21
), ArticleFig(id=1179491236185518424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Fracturing results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
致裂
次序
统计
方位
事件点
跨度/m
左翼
跨度/m
左翼
误差/m
右翼
跨度/m
右翼
误差/m
纵向
跨度/m
纵向
误差/m
倾角/(°)
1 北西46.8° 222.8 12.3 1.02 210.5 6.22 4.5 1.33 2
2 北西31.0° 240.5 11.9 3.26 228.6 7.78 3.8 1.37 3
3 北东72.3° 203.3 33.7 3.65 169.6 5.33 4.3 1.00 1
), ArticleFig(id=1179491236252627289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999681646424128, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

致裂结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
致裂
次序
统计
方位
事件点
跨度/m
左翼
跨度/m
左翼
误差/m
右翼
跨度/m
右翼
误差/m
纵向
跨度/m
纵向
误差/m
倾角/(°)
1 北西46.8° 222.8 12.3 1.02 210.5 6.22 4.5 1.33 2
2 北西31.0° 240.5 11.9 3.26 228.6 7.78 3.8 1.37 3
3 北东72.3° 203.3 33.7 3.65 169.6 5.33 4.3 1.00 1
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高能气体致裂技术在低渗砂岩型铀矿地浸开采中的应用
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张友澎 , 赵利信 , 王亚奴 , 霍建党 , 杨立志 , 侯春儒
铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2024,43(3): 1-8
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2024, 43(3): 1-8
高能气体致裂技术在低渗砂岩型铀矿地浸开采中的应用
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张友澎, 赵利信, 王亚奴, 霍建党, 杨立志, 侯春儒
作者信息
  • 核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
  • 张友澎(1996—),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事地浸采铀技术研究工作。

Application of High Energy Gas Fracturing in In-situ Leaching of Low-permeable Sandstone Uranium Deposit
Youpeng ZHANG, Lixin ZHAO, Yanu WANG, Jiandang HUO, Lizhi YANG, Chunru HOU
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.02.02
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鄂尔多斯盆地北部巴音青格利铀矿床赋存于直罗组下段下亚段中,矿体平均铀品位为0.057 1%,平均平米铀量为6.69 kg/m2;但其渗透系数仅为0.065 m/d,属典型低渗砂岩型铀矿。在常规地浸开采中,易出现抽注液量低、生产不经济等问题。为提高该矿床矿层的渗透性,选取注液能力较差的Z5井开展高能气体致裂增渗试验,同时使用微地震法在Z5井周围对高能气体压裂产生的裂缝发育情况进行监测。试验结果表明,致裂后Z5井注液量得到明显改善,平均注液量增加了126.34%,微地震监测事件点的纵向跨度在3.8~4.5 m,未破坏含矿含水层顶底板。高能气体致裂增渗技术能够使近井地带渗透能力得到改善,且方便实施,成本较低。

地浸采铀  /  砂岩型铀矿  /  低渗透性  /  高能气体致裂  /  微地震监测  /  增渗

Bayinqinggeli uranium deposit in the northern of the Ordos Basin is hosted in the lower sub-member,lower member of Zhiluo Formation,with an average uranium grade of 0.057 1% and an average uranium mass per square meter of 6.69 kg/m2,but its permeability coefficient is only 0.065 m/d,which is a typical low-permeable sandstone uranium deposit. For this deposit,the well Z5,which has poor injection capacity,is selected to carry out the high energy gas fracturing experiments. The uranium deposit aquifer of the well is located at 619~639 m,and the depth of the propellant is placed at 632.5~637.4 m,626.6~631.6 m,620.6~625.6 m. The amount of the propellant is 40 kg for each time. At the same time of fracturing,microseismic monitoring is carried out around well Z5. There are 59,61 and 49 events generated by the fracturing of three times,and the event profiles show that the fractures formed in the reservoir are trending at 46.8°NW,31.0°NW and 72.3°N,respectively. After fracturing,the injection volume of well Z5 is significantly improved,with an increasement of 126.34%. The high energy gas fracturing can improve the permeability of the near-well area. It is easy to implement and the cost is low.

in-situ leaching of uranium  /  sandstone uranium deposit  /  low permeability  /  high energy gas fracturing  /  microseismic monitoring  /  permeability enhancement
张友澎, 赵利信, 王亚奴, 霍建党, 杨立志, 侯春儒. 高能气体致裂技术在低渗砂岩型铀矿地浸开采中的应用. 铀矿冶, 2024 , 43 (3) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.02.02
Youpeng ZHANG, Lixin ZHAO, Yanu WANG, Jiandang HUO, Lizhi YANG, Chunru HOU. Application of High Energy Gas Fracturing in In-situ Leaching of Low-permeable Sandstone Uranium Deposit[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2024 , 43 (3) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.02.02
天然铀资源是核电发展不可或缺的资源,而中国天然铀资源并不丰富。大部分天然铀资源主要存在于砂岩型铀矿床中[1],地浸采铀工艺是该类矿床采用的主要开采工艺。目前国内发现的大营、巴音青格利、海力锦、塔木素等大型-特大型砂岩矿床主要赋矿含水层的渗透性均较差,属低渗透砂岩型铀矿。
赋矿岩层的渗透性低会增加地浸渗流阻力,影响铀矿的开采与利用。提升储层渗透性是提高地浸采铀效果的关键。常规水力压裂技术可形成1条垂直于地层最小主应力方向、两翼对开的裂缝,流体通过储层原有孔喉向该裂缝渗流[2],与该裂缝相距较远的储层渗流环境未得到改善,甚至压裂产生的裂缝在储层内形成高导流通道,导致浸出剂的波及效率大幅降低。高能气体致裂技术通过推进剂爆破产生的应力波和高温高能气体共同作用,在井周围产生裂隙、沟通天然裂缝,其产生的裂缝不受地层应力影响[3-4],可形成适合于地浸开采的缝网,能够扩大浸出剂的波及范围。此外,该方法在开采现场易于实施,成本较低。
鄂尔多斯盆地北缘铀矿资源丰富,已发现多个大型、超大型砂岩型铀矿床[5-6]。以鄂尔多斯北部巴音青格利低渗砂岩铀矿床为依托,开展高能气体致裂增渗试验,旨在提高近井地带储层渗透性,探究该技术对地浸低渗砂岩型铀矿储层的增渗效果和可行性。
巴音青格利铀矿床位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯盆地(图1)。矿床南北宽4.3~8.5 km,东西长约1.9~5.1 km,面积约35.33 km2;矿体平面形态复杂,呈不规则的块状;剖面形态以板状、似层状为主,受直罗组下段砂体及绿色古层间氧化带控制[7-8]
巴音青格利铀矿床矿体主要产于中侏罗统直罗组下段上、下亚段砂体中[9],矿体平面上呈南-北向展布;直罗组下段上亚段矿体长约5.2 km,宽为100~750 m;直罗组下段下亚段矿体长约5.6 km,宽为140~680 m。矿体平均铀品位为0.057 1%,平均厚度为5.49 m,平均平米铀量为6.69 kg/m2。其水文地质试验结果见表1。可以看出,矿床北部B16号勘探线WB1孔水位降深为12.04 m,单井涌水量为233.8 m3/d,单位涌水量为0.23 L/(s·m),渗透系数约为1.37 m/d,具有良好的富水性及渗透性;矿床南部B87号勘探线WB2孔、B63号勘探线(下亚段)WB3孔水位降深分别为93.66、146.40 m,含矿含水层的渗透系数分别为0.11、0.065 m/d,南部储层单井涌水量和单位涌水量也相对较低,属典型低渗透砂岩型铀矿床,其储层渗流能力对地浸采铀抽注循环的高效运转具有极大限制。
高能气体致裂增渗技术可通过推进剂在目标层段爆燃,产生大量高温高压气体,然后通过射孔向储层传递,产生微裂隙,沟通天然裂缝,在近井地带形成压裂缝网,提高渗透能力[10-11]
高能气体致裂与爆炸致裂和水力压裂具有本质上的不同,其加载速率处于其他两种方法之间。爆炸致裂在极短时间内产生大量能量,在井筒附近产生大量短裂缝,形成破碎带,且有一定概率对井筒造成损伤。水力压裂加载速率慢,一般沿垂直最小主应力方向自井筒两翼形成2条裂缝,周围天然裂缝中的流体流向新裂缝,进而流向井筒。而高能气体致裂产生的裂缝一般不受地应力影响,可形成多条以井筒为中心的网状裂缝体系。相比于其他压裂技术,高能气体致裂技术对含矿含水层顶底板的冲击较小,能够保证目标层位的相对稳定性。
高能气体致裂技术在石油采掘等行业的应用已经成熟,尤其在注水井的降压增注方面有显著成效,现场实施方便,无需大型设备,对井场面积要求较低。在地浸采铀试验现场开展高能气体致裂增渗试验需借助吊车、压裂车等辅助设备。致裂前需提前连接推进剂,若含矿含水层较厚,需多次下放推进剂,应自底至顶对含矿含水层进行高能气体致裂[12]。井口和吊车均安装定滑轮,下放时缆绳与地面垂直,下放深度由压裂车中的下放系统控制。推进剂下放至致裂位置后,将井筒内注满水,减轻爆破气流能量逸散效果。准备就绪后,通过电缆控制推进剂爆破;爆破结束后收回缆绳,重新下放推进剂至下一目标深度。
微地震法监测是指探测由于岩石内应力发生变化而引起的微地震事件,即将高灵敏度的地震传感器布放于压裂井四周相应位置上,连续记录因压裂引起的弹性波,反演储层内产生的复杂变化,进而评价改造效果[13-15]。摩尔-库仑理论认为岩石剪切破裂与破裂面上的剪应力和作用在其上的正应力有关,可用于判断岩石在力的作用下是否发生剪切破裂,即:
$\tau \ge {\tau }_{0}+\frac{({S}_{1}+{S}_{2}-2{P}_{\mathrm{R}})}{2}+\frac{({S}_{1}-{S}_{2})\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\left(2\varphi \right)}{2},$
其中:
$\tau =\frac{({S}_{1}-{S}_{2})\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\left(2\varphi \right)}{2}$
式中:τ—作用在裂缝面上的剪切应力,MPa;τ0—岩石的固有法向应力抗剪断强度,MPa;S1S2—最大主应力和最小主应力,MPa;PR—地层压力,MPa;ϕ—最大主应力与裂缝面法向的夹角,(°)。
当式(1)成立时,岩石发生剪破裂。由式(1)和式(2)可看出,微地震易沿已有的裂缝面发生,这时τ0为0,式(1)左侧应不小于右侧,PR增大,右侧值减小,从而诱发沿裂缝面的破裂发生,产生微地震。
断裂力学准则认为,当应力强度因子大于断裂韧性时,裂缝发生扩展,即:
$\frac{({P}_{0}-{S}_{n})Y}{\overline{\pi l}}\oint \overline{\frac{1+x}{1-x}}dx\ge {k}_{ic}$
式中:P0—井底压裂压力,MPa;Sn—裂缝面上的反向应力,MPa;Y—裂缝形状因子;l—裂缝长度,m;x—自裂缝端点沿裂缝面走向的坐标;kic—裂缝韧性[16]
依据摩尔-库仑理论和断裂力学准则,压裂和裂缝扩展都会诱发微地震,产生微震波。因此,对监测到的数据应首先进行除杂,即从所有的数据中搜索出微地震事件;对筛选出的由于压裂产生的微地震事件再进行其空间坐标的具体定位。
微震震源定位公式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{t}_{1}-{t}_{0}=\frac{1}{{v}_{\mathrm{p}}}\sqrt{({x}_{1}-{x}_{0}{)}^{2}+({y}_{1}-{y}_{0}{)}^{2}+{z}^{2}}\\ {t}_{2}-{t}_{0}=\frac{1}{{v}_{\mathrm{p}}}\sqrt{({x}_{2}-{x}_{0}{)}^{2}+({y}_{2}-{y}_{0}{)}^{2}+{z}^{2}}\\...\\ {t}_{8}-{t}_{0}=\frac{1}{{v}_{\mathrm{p}}}\sqrt{({x}_{8}-{x}_{0}{)}^{2}+({y}_{8}-{y}_{0}{)}^{2}+{z}^{2}}\end{array}\right.$
式中:t0—震动产生时刻,s;ti(1≤i≤8,i为正整数)—各分站P波到达时刻,s;vp—P波速度,m/s;(xiyi,0)—各分站坐标;(x0y0z)—微震震源空间坐标。解出4个未知数(t0x0y0、z)至少要四分站。本次现场试验采用八分站监测,可以进行震源定位[17-18]
压裂过程中地层破裂(或裂缝延伸扩张)产生微地震波,微地震波在地层中向四周传播;检波器接收到信号后通过能量转换器将机械波转换成电磁波,经前置放大后发射送入系统,通过微机采集计算震源的位置(图2)。检波器直接接收地层对地震波的传播信号,经过计算地震波到达的时间分析裂缝的走向与长度。现场试验使用的检波器(OMNI-2400,延安科若思石油工程技术服务有限公司)及其传感器具体参数:采样精度32 Bits;有效精度22 Bits;采样频率1 000 Hz;同步精度≤1 μs;工作温度-10~40 ℃;贮存温度-20~50 ℃;环境湿度≤90%RH。
依托鄂尔多斯北部巴音青格利低渗砂岩铀矿床,针对流量较小的注液井Z5开展高能气体致裂增渗试验(图3)。注液井Z5于2022年施工完毕,采用一次成井结构,钻井深660.0 m,人工井底深656.5 m,含矿含水层为619.0~639.0 m。为承受致裂过程的冲击,注液井Z5区别于其他地浸采铀工艺井,使用金属套管,套管外径139.7 mm、壁厚7.7 mm、内径124.3 mm。
现场开展高能气体致裂增渗试验,对含矿含水层全段进行改造。单次下放推进剂的长度过长可能导致产生的气体能量过高,对井筒造成损伤;因此分3次进行致裂增渗,每次致裂推进剂下放位置见表2。3次致裂推进剂顶端位置分别为632.5、626.6、620.6 m,每次携药量均为40 kg,基本可使含矿含水层全段受到高能气体冲击。
根据地浸储层条件,推进剂应具有“高燃速、低爆温”的特点。本次试验采用的推进剂主要成分为氧化剂及燃烧剂(75%)、黏合剂(12%)、增塑剂5%、固化剂4%以及其他辅助剂4%。氧化剂及燃烧剂由高氯酸铵(84%)、黑索金(6%)、铝粉(10%)组成。黏合剂由HTPB(70%)和CTPB(30%)组成。
试验现场采用八分站布站法在地面布置检波器,采用无线传输方式。各检波器坐标以致裂井Z5在地面的投影为坐标原点,水平轴沿东西向,向东为正;垂直轴沿南北向,向北为正,具体坐标见表3。微地震监测的布站示意见图4
根据3.1中的监测定位原理,统计检波器记录的由3次高能气体致裂所引发的微地震事件,根据事件点位置反演3次致裂在储层内产生的改造剖面,进而初步确定致裂缝网的形成方向及跨度。由图5~7中的俯视图可知,第一次致裂剖面总体走向为北西46.8°,主剖面为北西31°,次剖面为北西53°、北西35°、北东59°;第二次致裂剖面总体走向为北西31°,主剖面为北西31°,次剖面为北西34°;第三次致裂剖面总体走向为北东72.3°,主剖面为北东72.3°,无明显次剖面。
以致裂井Z5为中心,统计3次致裂改造剖面的横向、纵向跨度(图8)。3次致裂所产生的事件点分别为59、61、49个,且大多聚集于剖面右翼(东侧)0~100 m内。前期测井工作表明该矿层内含有坚硬钙质夹层,这可能是由于剖面向Z5井西侧延展较小,能量向更易产生裂缝的方向传递。结合图5~7中改造剖面侧视图及图8中事件点纵向跨度统计可知,3次致裂未穿越含矿含水层顶底板,未对其他层位产生影响。
根据改造剖面的横向、纵向跨度等信息,统计3次致裂的结果(表4)。3次致裂所产生的微地震事件点跨度分别为222.8、240.5、203.3 m,且右翼跨度占据总跨度的83%以上,故致裂形成的缝网主要位于致裂井Z5东侧。
抽注液量是地浸采铀工艺中最重要的指标,对抽注系统每日早8点的统计数据进行分析,其中第21天时开展第一轮高能气体致裂增渗试验(共3次致裂),第29天时致裂井Z5洗井结束加入抽注循环;第49天时关闭抽注循环,进行第二轮高能气体致裂增渗(共2次致裂);第61天时再次加入抽注循环。
致裂前后注液量见图9。Z5井未致裂前平均注液量约为0.672 m3/h,峰值约为0.935 m3/h。第一轮致裂后20 d内平均注液量约为1.047 m3/h,流量峰值达1.472 m3/h;第二轮致裂后20 d内平均注液量约为1.521 m3/h,流量峰值达1.847 m3/h;两轮致裂增渗后平均注液量增加了126.34%。
高能气体致裂增渗技术施工时间短,施工难度及成本较低,具有一定的增渗效果。该技术在地浸采铀现场成功应用,致裂注井平均流量增加了126.34%。
1)微地震监测技术能够监测到由致裂在储层内产生的事件点,其形成的致裂剖面仅表征裂缝的形成趋势;后续研究中可结合井下微地震技术及其他数据处理手段,进一步反演裂缝信息,具体刻画储层裂缝形态。
2)随着运行时间延长,高能气体致裂产生的裂缝可能逐渐闭合,后续研究可尝试采用支撑剂、重复压裂技术等延长裂缝高效导流时间。参考文献:
  • 中核集团集中研发项目(鄂尔多斯盆地北部大型砂岩铀矿床地浸试验研究)
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2024年第43卷第3期
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.02.02
  • 接收时间:2024-02-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23
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中核集团集中研发项目(鄂尔多斯盆地北部大型砂岩铀矿床地浸试验研究)
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    核工业北京化工冶金研究院, 北京 101149
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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