Article(id=1147999674243473579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999669042537454, articleNumber=1000-8063(2024)02-0112-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.01.05, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705161600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634051140, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1716134400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634051140, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634051140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634051140, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999669042537454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2024', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634049900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762911142051, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195299221810201381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999669042537454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195299221810201382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999669042537454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=112, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999674612572357, articleId=1147999674243473579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Synthesis and Uranium-adsorption Performance of Phosphoic/Phosphonic Ester Based Functional Materials, columnId=1175805042197152439, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In addressing the adsorption issue of low-concentration uranium in nitric acid systems, a chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer was employed as the framework, and phosphorylation was achieved using phosphorus trichloride as the functionalizing reagent. Through Friedel-Crafts alkylation and quenching-hydrolysis/alcoholysis reactions, long-chain hydroxyl and alkyl groups were grafted onto the resin, resulting in uranium adsorbents featuring phosphoric acid and phosphoric ester functional groups, respectively. The resin structural characterization was conducted using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. During the resin preparation, the impact of different process parameters on the phosphorus content and uranium adsorption performance was investigated, leading to the determination of optimal synthesis conditions. Static experiments were performed to assess the influence of pH, equilibrium uranium concentration, and adsorption time on the uranium adsorption properties of the resin. Additionally, a selection of desorption agents and verification of resin reusability were carried out. The results indicate that the prepared phosphoric ester-based uranium adsorbent exhibits excellent adsorption performance for low-concentration uranium (<20 mg/L) in a simulated solution (1 mol/L HNO3+1 mol/L NaNO3). The resin saturation adsorption capacity for uranium is 21.9 mg/g dry resin, and the residual uranium concentration in the leachate after adsorption is <0.05 mg/L. Using 0.4 mol/L NaHCO3 and 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3 as composite desorption agents, the desorption efficiency for uranium reaches 98.3%. The synthesized phosphoric ester-based uranium adsorbent proves effective for the adsorption and separation of low-concentration uranium in nitric acid systems.

, correspAuthors=Yangfei GOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=CHANG Hua, GOU Yangfei, SU Yantao, YANGWU Xinchen, LI Mo), CN=ArticleExt(id=1147999678555218404, articleId=1147999674243473579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=CN, title=磷酸/磷酸酯基功能材料的制备及提铀性能研究, columnId=1175805042343953080, journalTitle=铀矿冶, columnName=安全·环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=针对硝酸体系低浓度铀的吸附问题,以氯甲基化苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物为骨架,以三氯化磷为功能化试剂,通过傅克烷基化反应及淬灭-水解/醇解反应,将长链羟基及烷基接枝到树脂上,从而得到分别含有磷酸和磷酸酯基功能基团的提铀树脂。通过红外光谱、元素分析、热重分析,对树脂进行了结构表征;在树脂制备过程中,考察了不同工艺参数对树脂含磷量及铀吸附性能的影响,确定了树脂合成的最优工艺参数。通过静态试验考察了pH、平衡铀浓度、吸附时间对树脂材料吸铀性能的影响,并进行了解吸剂的筛选和树脂重复使用性能的验证。结果表明:制备的磷酸酯基提铀树脂对于模拟溶液(1 mol/L HNO3+1 mol/L NaNO3)中的低浓度铀(<20 mg/L)具有较好的吸附效果,该树脂对铀的饱和吸附容量为21.9 mg/g干树脂,吸附后残余尾液中的铀质量浓度<0.05 mg/L;以0.4 mol/L NaHCO3与0.1 mol/L Na2CO3作为复合解吸剂,铀的解吸率为98.3%。制备的磷酸酯基提铀树脂可用于酸性硝酸体系中低浓度铀的吸附分离。, correspAuthors=勾阳飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
勾阳飞(1991—),男,北京人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事有机材料研发。
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常华(1976—),女,吉林白山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事高分子有机功能材料及有机-无机复合材料制备及应用研究。

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常华(1976—),女,吉林白山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事高分子有机功能材料及有机-无机复合材料制备及应用研究。

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常华(1976—),女,吉林白山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事高分子有机功能材料及有机-无机复合材料制备及应用研究。

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journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=硝酸体系), Keyword(id=1197166085268095586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=磷酸树脂), Keyword(id=1197166085339398755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=磷酸酯树脂), Keyword(id=1197166085402313316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=平衡吸附量), Keyword(id=1197166085469422181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=吸附), Keyword(id=1197166085544919654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, orderNo=7, keyword=解吸)], refs=[Reference(id=1197166088766145153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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International Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 2018, 11(2):135-141., articleTitle=AMP and Ambersep 920 IRA anion exchange resins for recovery of uranium from productive solution, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197166083007365692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197166083019948605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, companyId=1197166083007365692, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197166083032531518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, companyId=1197166083007365692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197166086731907687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Preparation of phosphate/phosphate ester based functional materials, figureFileSmall=V3mXzRI1NnlfJcyHg5DrdA==, figureFileBig=Y3r6t2pJg6ALoIxHVOhX3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166086807405160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=图1, caption=磷酸基/磷酸酯基功能材料制备, figureFileSmall=V3mXzRI1NnlfJcyHg5DrdA==, figureFileBig=Y3r6t2pJg6ALoIxHVOhX3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166086908068457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Infrared spectrum of phosphate/phosphate ester based functional materials, figureFileSmall=kjTq6zQk05XEfYh0mBynLg==, figureFileBig=tEbFPKptr8zMKUWlXM9bFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166086979371626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=图2, caption=磷酸基/磷酸酯基功能材料红外谱图

a—磷酸酯基树脂;b—磷酸基功能树脂。

, figureFileSmall=kjTq6zQk05XEfYh0mBynLg==, figureFileBig=tEbFPKptr8zMKUWlXM9bFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087050674795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of reaction time on the functionalization degree of phosphorus trichloride chloride, figureFileSmall=Xr20ZjtTngmQukydgrYftw==, figureFileBig=jN4SbpcNyKgX0vrXOgEuyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087147143788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=图3, caption=反应时间对氯球三氯化磷功能化程度的影响, figureFileSmall=Xr20ZjtTngmQukydgrYftw==, figureFileBig=jN4SbpcNyKgX0vrXOgEuyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087210058349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of reaction temperature on the phosphorus content of resin, figureFileSmall=q0awkFaOJ6NymP3BWE6IUQ==, figureFileBig=PC6mqGAkejEIVF+2gApNPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087293944430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=图4, caption=反应温度对树脂含磷量的影响, figureFileSmall=q0awkFaOJ6NymP3BWE6IUQ==, figureFileBig=PC6mqGAkejEIVF+2gApNPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087377830511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effect of pH on uranium extraction performance of resin, figureFileSmall=TVVs6x0UJZBEPI5wHIjqTg==, figureFileBig=iNZnWpHKGN3nlk6wopWi5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087449133680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=图5, caption=溶液pH对树脂提铀性能的影响, figureFileSmall=TVVs6x0UJZBEPI5wHIjqTg==, figureFileBig=iNZnWpHKGN3nlk6wopWi5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087516242545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Adsorption kinetics curves of the resins, figureFileSmall=5xuoRe8mQ9b1vg2diz41iQ==, figureFileBig=Qks/DQHOhVHzTGxigin69g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087604322930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=图6, caption=树脂的吸附动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=5xuoRe8mQ9b1vg2diz41iQ==, figureFileBig=Qks/DQHOhVHzTGxigin69g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087671431795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Adsorption isotherms of the resins, figureFileSmall=5yjy39702KauXir3dCH+HA==, figureFileBig=mxY+ANSFhcKTq+7Q1hvYjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087746929268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=图7, caption=树脂的吸附等温线, figureFileSmall=5yjy39702KauXir3dCH+HA==, figureFileBig=mxY+ANSFhcKTq+7Q1hvYjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197166087809843829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Elemental analysis results of functional phosphate resin and its intermediates%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 C H O Cl P
氯球 74.56 8.15 0 16.80 0
磷酸基树脂 58.39 3.13 23.36 0 15.09
磷酸酯基树脂 68.03 6.09 15.10 0 9.76
), ArticleFig(id=1197166087868564086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

磷酸功能基树脂及其中间体的元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 C H O Cl P
氯球 74.56 8.15 0 16.80 0
磷酸基树脂 58.39 3.13 23.36 0 15.09
磷酸酯基树脂 68.03 6.09 15.10 0 9.76
), ArticleFig(id=1197166087956644471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The amount of functionalized reagent and its influence on the adsorption of uranium

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂 功能试剂 不同NaOH溶液/正辛醇与树脂的摩尔比时
铀的平衡吸附量/(mg/g)
2∶1 3∶1 4∶1 5∶1 6∶1
磷酸
树脂
32%
NaOH
9.1 12.9 12.9 13.1 13.0
磷酸酯
树脂
正辛醇 7.2 11.5 15.0 14.9 15.1
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088027947640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

功能化试剂用量及对吸附铀的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂 功能试剂 不同NaOH溶液/正辛醇与树脂的摩尔比时
铀的平衡吸附量/(mg/g)
2∶1 3∶1 4∶1 5∶1 6∶1
磷酸
树脂
32%
NaOH
9.1 12.9 12.9 13.1 13.0
磷酸酯
树脂
正辛醇 7.2 11.5 15.0 14.9 15.1
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088107639417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Uranium adsorption capacity of resin in raffinate phase of simulated nitric acid system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂 不同错流次数下树脂铀吸附容量/(mg/g)
第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次
磷酸基提铀树脂 8.1 13.9 16.1 17.9 18.1
磷酸酯基提铀树脂 12.3 17.6 19.8 21.2 21.9
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088170553978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

树脂在模拟硝酸体系萃余水相中的铀吸附容量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂 不同错流次数下树脂铀吸附容量/(mg/g)
第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次
磷酸基提铀树脂 8.1 13.9 16.1 17.9 18.1
磷酸酯基提铀树脂 12.3 17.6 19.8 21.2 21.9
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088241857147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of different desorption agents on the desorption rate of uranium

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂 不同解吸剂的解吸率/%
解吸剂1 解吸剂2 解吸剂3
磷酸基提
铀树脂
96.1 91.2 94.8
磷酸酯基
提铀树脂
89.3 95.4 98.3
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088321548924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同种类解吸剂对铀解吸率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂 不同解吸剂的解吸率/%
解吸剂1 解吸剂2 解吸剂3
磷酸基提
铀树脂
96.1 91.2 94.8
磷酸酯基
提铀树脂
89.3 95.4 98.3
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088405435005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Performance of resin reuse process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称 吸附尾液铀质量浓度/(mg/L) 铀吸附率/%
第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次 第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次
磷酸基树脂 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.7 90.0 88.5 87.5 85.5 86.5
磷酸酯基树脂 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088480932478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

树脂重复使用性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称 吸附尾液铀质量浓度/(mg/L) 铀吸附率/%
第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次 第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次
磷酸基树脂 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.7 90.0 88.5 87.5 85.5 86.5
磷酸酯基树脂 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088552235647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Concentration of desorption solution for resin reuse process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称 解吸液铀质量浓度/(mg/L)
第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次
磷酸基树脂 360.0 354.0 350.0 342.0 346.0
磷酸酯基树脂 393.8 395.0 392.8 396.5 396.9
), ArticleFig(id=1197166088615150208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674243473579, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

树脂重复使用时洗脱液浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称 解吸液铀质量浓度/(mg/L)
第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次
磷酸基树脂 360.0 354.0 350.0 342.0 346.0
磷酸酯基树脂 393.8 395.0 392.8 396.5 396.9
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磷酸/磷酸酯基功能材料的制备及提铀性能研究
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常华 , 勾阳飞 , 宿延涛 , 杨吴馨晨 , 李默
铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024,43(2): 112-118
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铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024, 43(2): 112-118
磷酸/磷酸酯基功能材料的制备及提铀性能研究
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常华, 勾阳飞, 宿延涛, 杨吴馨晨, 李默
作者信息
  • 核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149
  • 常华(1976—),女,吉林白山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事高分子有机功能材料及有机-无机复合材料制备及应用研究。

通讯作者:

勾阳飞(1991—),男,北京人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事有机材料研发。
Synthesis and Uranium-adsorption Performance of Phosphoic/Phosphonic Ester Based Functional Materials
CHANG Hua, GOU Yangfei, SU Yantao, YANGWU Xinchen, LI Mo
Affiliations
  • Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China
出版时间: 2024-05-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.01.05
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针对硝酸体系低浓度铀的吸附问题,以氯甲基化苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物为骨架,以三氯化磷为功能化试剂,通过傅克烷基化反应及淬灭-水解/醇解反应,将长链羟基及烷基接枝到树脂上,从而得到分别含有磷酸和磷酸酯基功能基团的提铀树脂。通过红外光谱、元素分析、热重分析,对树脂进行了结构表征;在树脂制备过程中,考察了不同工艺参数对树脂含磷量及铀吸附性能的影响,确定了树脂合成的最优工艺参数。通过静态试验考察了pH、平衡铀浓度、吸附时间对树脂材料吸铀性能的影响,并进行了解吸剂的筛选和树脂重复使用性能的验证。结果表明:制备的磷酸酯基提铀树脂对于模拟溶液(1 mol/L HNO3+1 mol/L NaNO3)中的低浓度铀(<20 mg/L)具有较好的吸附效果,该树脂对铀的饱和吸附容量为21.9 mg/g干树脂,吸附后残余尾液中的铀质量浓度<0.05 mg/L;以0.4 mol/L NaHCO3与0.1 mol/L Na2CO3作为复合解吸剂,铀的解吸率为98.3%。制备的磷酸酯基提铀树脂可用于酸性硝酸体系中低浓度铀的吸附分离。
铀  /  硝酸体系  /  磷酸树脂  /  磷酸酯树脂  /  平衡吸附量  /  吸附  /  解吸

In addressing the adsorption issue of low-concentration uranium in nitric acid systems, a chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer was employed as the framework, and phosphorylation was achieved using phosphorus trichloride as the functionalizing reagent. Through Friedel-Crafts alkylation and quenching-hydrolysis/alcoholysis reactions, long-chain hydroxyl and alkyl groups were grafted onto the resin, resulting in uranium adsorbents featuring phosphoric acid and phosphoric ester functional groups, respectively. The resin structural characterization was conducted using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. During the resin preparation, the impact of different process parameters on the phosphorus content and uranium adsorption performance was investigated, leading to the determination of optimal synthesis conditions. Static experiments were performed to assess the influence of pH, equilibrium uranium concentration, and adsorption time on the uranium adsorption properties of the resin. Additionally, a selection of desorption agents and verification of resin reusability were carried out. The results indicate that the prepared phosphoric ester-based uranium adsorbent exhibits excellent adsorption performance for low-concentration uranium (<20 mg/L) in a simulated solution (1 mol/L HNO3+1 mol/L NaNO3). The resin saturation adsorption capacity for uranium is 21.9 mg/g dry resin, and the residual uranium concentration in the leachate after adsorption is <0.05 mg/L. Using 0.4 mol/L NaHCO3 and 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3 as composite desorption agents, the desorption efficiency for uranium reaches 98.3%. The synthesized phosphoric ester-based uranium adsorbent proves effective for the adsorption and separation of low-concentration uranium in nitric acid systems.

uranium  /  nitric acid systems  /  phosphate resin  /  phosphate ester resin  /  equilibrium adsorption capacity  /  adsorption  /  desorption
常华, 勾阳飞, 宿延涛, 杨吴馨晨, 李默. 磷酸/磷酸酯基功能材料的制备及提铀性能研究. 铀矿冶, 2024 , 43 (2) : 112 -118 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.01.05
CHANG Hua, GOU Yangfei, SU Yantao, YANGWU Xinchen, LI Mo. Synthesis and Uranium-adsorption Performance of Phosphoic/Phosphonic Ester Based Functional Materials[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2024 , 43 (2) : 112 -118 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.01.05
离子交换法具有工艺简单、选择性好、回收效率高等优点[1-2],在核燃料加工及铀矿选冶、低浓度铀的回收利用过程中被广泛采用[3-4]。离子交换法所用树脂类型较多,强碱性季铵盐树脂适宜中性或弱酸性含铀溶液,在高酸体系中提铀效果不理想[5-7]。磷酸三丁酯、TRPO等含磷类萃取剂化学性质稳定,对铀选择性专一,抗干扰性能良好,对强酸、强氧化剂和辐射具有较好的耐受作用,可以从浓硝酸或高氯酸中萃取铀[8-11];但当铀浓度较低时,采用萃取工艺需要经过多级浓缩,效率低,易产生第三相,试剂消耗大,经济性差,对环境不友好[12-13]。而利用TBP萃取剂与树脂高聚物制成萃淋树脂,可实现高酸体系中低浓度铀的有效回收;但由于萃淋树脂存在萃取剂流失等问题,难以在工业实践中大规模应用[14]
因此,针对某铀矿水冶厂硝酸体系中低浓度铀回收问题,采用化学接枝方法,以三氯化磷为功能化试剂,通过傅克烷基化反应及淬化醇解反应[15],将磷酸或磷酸酯基功能基团接枝到氯甲基化的苯乙烯-二乙烯苯高聚物骨架上,得到磷酸/磷酸酯功能基树脂,并考察该树脂对铀的吸附性能,旨在为高酸体系低浓度铀的回收利用提供新的解决方案。
试验原料:三氯化磷、无水氯化铝、正辛醇、无水乙醇、氢氧化钠、正丁醇、异戊醇、硝酸,均为分析纯,天津市福晨化学试剂厂;甲苯、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、盐酸、无水乙醇、甲醛溶液、氢氧化钠、三氯化铁,均为分析纯,天津大茂化学试剂公司;自制氯球(氯甲基化苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物),氯质量分数为16.8%~17.0%。
试验仪器:W201B数显恒温水浴锅,常州翔天实验仪器厂;IKA RW20电动搅拌器,德国Ika公司;电加热套、索氏抽提器,江苏金坛市荣华仪器制造有限公司;BRUKER TENSOR Ⅱ型红外光谱仪,德国Bruker公司;LEICA偏光显微镜,德国Leica公司;Asap2020型全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪,美国Micromeritics公司;Vario Micro Cube元素分析仪,德国Elementar公司;METTLLER TAG2热重分析仪,瑞士Mettler-Toledo公司。
以自制氯球为骨架,以无水氯化铝为催化剂、三氯化磷为功能化试剂,根据傅克反应原理,将三氯化磷基团接枝到氯球上;再分别加入氢氧化钠溶液或正辛醇,进行水解淬灭和酯化反应,得到磷酸基及磷酸酯基功能树脂,树脂制备过程见图1
将干燥后的试验样品和光谱纯KBr研磨后混匀并压片成型,采用TENSORⅡ型红外光谱仪,在分辨率4 cm-1、扫描次数64、扫描范围4 000~650 cm-1条件下进行测定,得到样品的红外光谱图(图2)。
图2可看出,P—OH官能团中O—H键的伸缩震动谱带出现在3 400 cm-1左右,P=O的伸缩震动特征峰出现在1 130 cm-1处,P—OH的伸缩震动特征峰出现在1 040 cm-1处,表明磷酸基树脂已合成;在980 cm-1处出现了P—C—O的特征峰,表明通过傅克烷基化反应、水解及酯化反应,磷酸功能基团已接枝到树脂骨架上。
利用元素分析仪对氯球、磷酸基树脂及磷酸酯功能基树脂进行测试,测定C、H、N、O、P、Cl的含量,结果见表1
表1可看出,氯球中w(Cl)为16.80%,随着傅克烷基化反应的进行,氯离子全部被磷酸基团所取代,磷酸树脂中w(C)由74.56%降至58.39%、w(P)由0增至15.09%;在酯化反应过程中,引入了辛酯基,磷酸酯基功能树脂中w(C)增至68.03%、w(P)降至9.76%。测试结果与2种树脂碳、磷含量的理论计算值接近。
在氯球20.0 g、三氯化磷100 mL、反应温度75 ℃条件下,分别以FeCl3(2 g)、ZnCl2(2 g)和AlCl3(2 g)为催化剂,考察了催化剂种类对树脂含磷量的影响。
试验发现,AlCl3的催化活性比ZnCl2和FeCl3的催化活性高,以AlCl3为催化剂时,制备出的树脂含磷量最高,为14.2%(质量百分比)。这可能是由于AlCl3具有吸电子性质,易与氯球中的苄氯功能基进行反应,生成有电负性的离子中间体AlC l 4 -,使反应更易进行。后续反应选择AlCl3为氯球接枝三氯化磷的催化剂。
在氯球20.0 g、催化剂AlCl3 2 g、三氯化磷100 mL、反应温度75 ℃条件下,考察反应时间对树脂含磷量的影响,结果见图3。可以看出,随着反应时间的延长,树脂含磷量增加;当反应时间增至6 h时,树脂含磷量基本稳定在14%左右。
在氯球20.0 g、催化剂AlCl3 2.0 g、三氯化磷100 mL、反应时间6 h条件下,考察反应温度对树脂含磷量的影响,结果见图4。可以看出,随着反应温度的升高,树脂的含磷量线性增加;当温度增至75 ℃时,变化趋势变缓,树脂含磷量最高,为14.3%。因此,反应温度以75 ℃为宜。
分别以32% NaOH溶液和正辛醇为水解/醇解的功能试剂,保持其他条件不变,在90 ℃、NaOH溶液/正辛醇与树脂的摩尔比为2∶1、3∶1、4∶1、5∶1和6∶1条件下,水解6 h,制备磷酸基及磷酸酯功能基提铀树脂。通过静态试验,在25 ℃、固液质量体积比1∶1 000、振荡频率180 r/min、初始铀质量浓度20 mg/L、pH=1条件下,考察不同配比条件下树脂吸附铀的平衡吸附量,结果见表2
表2可看出,随着NaOH溶液/正辛醇加入比例的增加,树脂铀平衡吸附量先线性增加,随后变化幅度减小。当NaOH溶液与树脂摩尔比为3∶1、正辛醇与树脂摩尔比为4∶1时,所制备的磷酸树脂及磷酸酯树脂吸附铀的平衡吸附量较高,分别为12.9 mg/g(以干树脂计,下同)和15.0 mg/g。综合铀吸附容量和试剂成本,NaOH溶液与树脂的摩尔比选择3∶1、正辛醇与树脂的摩尔比选择4∶1。
在醇解过程中,当正辛醇与树脂摩尔比小于4∶1时,树脂溶胀不充分,不利于正辛醇分子进入树脂内部孔道,导致功能基团较少、树脂吸附铀的平衡吸附量不高。当正辛醇与树脂摩尔比大于4∶1时,平衡吸附量不再随着正辛醇加入量的增加而提高。
在25 ℃、固液质量体积比1∶1 000、振荡频率180 r/min、初始铀浓度20 mg/L条件下,考察pH对树脂提铀性能的影响,结果见图5。可以看出,磷酸基树脂、磷酸酯基树脂对铀的吸附均随pH的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势。因为在酸性条件下,铀主要以硝酸铀酰形式存在于溶液中,随着pH的增加,树脂功能基团与硝酸铀酰的螯合作用逐渐减弱,吸附势减小,从而导致平衡吸附量下降。
实验中,对比了pH=0和pH=1条件下的吸附性能,整体变化趋势基本一致;pH=1为树脂的最佳吸附pH,但考虑到实际应用体系的pH=0,因此从应用角度选择pH=0作为后续试验条件。
在25 ℃、固液质量体积比1∶1 000、振荡频率180 r/min、初始铀浓度20 mg/L、pH=0条件下,磷酸基树脂和磷酸酯基树脂吸附铀的动态吸附速率见图6。可以看出,磷酸基和磷酸酯基提铀树脂吸附铀的动力学曲线变化趋势基本一致,在6~8 h达到吸附平衡;在相同试验条件下,磷酸酯基提铀树脂吸铀速率更快、平衡吸附量更高;磷酸酯基树脂的平衡容量为14.3 mg/g,磷酸基树脂的平衡吸附容量为11.5 mg/g。可见,磷酸酯基提铀树脂在高酸度、低铀浓度条件下吸铀性能更优。
树脂的吸附容量是温度与金属离子浓度的函数,在25 ℃、固液质量体积比1∶1 000、振荡频率180 r/min、pH=0条件下,液相铀平衡浓度与树脂平衡吸附容量的关系见图7。可以看出,2种树脂的吸附等温线变化趋势基本一致,当液相平衡铀质量浓度在0~200 mg/L变化时,树脂对铀的吸附容量随液相平衡浓度的增加显著升高;当溶液平衡铀质量浓度大于200 mg/L时,树脂的吸附容量增长缓慢;当溶液平衡铀质量浓度大于400 mg/L时,树脂的吸附容量基本不变,此时磷酸基和磷酸酯基提铀树脂吸附铀的平衡吸附容量分别为63.0 mg/g和84.5 mg/g。
在铀质量浓度20 mg/L、硝酸浓度1 mol/L、硝酸钠浓度1 mol/L的模拟硝酸体系中(该浓度体系为湖南某水冶厂某工艺段的待处理溶液),进行树脂饱和吸附容量测试。在 25 ℃、震荡频率180转/min、静态吸附8 h、固液质量体积比1∶1 000条件下,进行吸附;吸附完毕后将树脂滤出,收集吸附尾液分析其中的铀;再按固液质量体积比1∶1 000重新加入新鲜模拟硝酸溶液,继续吸附8 h;吸附过程共进行5次。根据吸附尾液铀浓度计算树脂对铀的累积吸附量,结果见表3。可以看出,在固液质量体积比为1∶1 000条件下,经5次静态吸附,磷酸基提铀树脂对铀的吸附容量为18.1 mg/g,磷酸酯功能基提铀树脂对铀的吸附容量为21.9 mg/g。
分别以2 mol/L H2SO4溶液(解吸剂1)、1.5 mol/L NaCl+0.1 mol/L Na2CO3混合溶液(解吸剂2)、0.4 mol/L NaHCO3+0.1 mol/L Na2CO3混合溶液(解吸剂3)作为解吸剂,考察其对吸附铀后树脂的解吸效果,结果见表4。单次静态解吸结果表明:0.4 mol/L NaHCO3+0.1 mol/L Na2CO3混合溶液对磷酸酯基提铀树脂具有最佳的解吸效果,解吸率为98.3%;2 mol/L H2SO4溶液对磷酸基提铀树脂具有最佳解吸效果,解吸率为96.1%。
取200 mL(约18.3 g)试验树脂,经浸泡、水洗后,转移至自制的1 cm(内径)×40 cm(柱高)的玻璃交换柱,以铀质量浓度20 mg/L、硝酸浓度1 mol/L、硝酸钠浓度1 mol/L的模拟溶液为吸附原液,以0.4 mol/L NaHCO3+0.1 mol/L Na2CO3混合溶液为解吸剂,进行动态吸附—解吸循环试验。在吸附体积2 000 BV(20 L)、解吸体积为100 BV(1 L)、吸附速度0.9 mL/min、解吸速度0.5 mL/min条件下,考察树脂重复使用过程中尾液浓度及吸附率变化,结果见表5~表6
表5可看出,2种树脂均具有较好的重复使用性能,磷酸酯基树脂对酸性溶液中的低浓度铀表现出更优异的吸附性能,5次平行试验其吸附尾液中的铀质量浓度均小于0.05 mg/L,解吸液中的铀质量浓度为392~396 mg/L,平均浓缩倍数约为19.7。
经过磷酸酯基提铀树脂处理后的模拟溶液中的铀质量浓度小于0.05 mg/L,吸附率达99%以上,树脂在模拟溶液中的饱和容量为21.9 mg/g;且以0.4 mol/L NaHCO3+0.1 mol/L Na2CO3混合溶液作为解吸剂,铀的解吸率可达98.3%。因此,磷酸酯基提铀树脂可用于处理酸性硝酸体系中的低浓度铀。
以氯球为原料,以AlCl3为催化剂,在75 ℃下反应6 h,然后分别以摩尔比3∶1的32%的NaOH溶液和摩尔比4∶1的正辛醇为水解和醇解功能化试剂,在90 ℃下反应8 h,制备得到磷酸基提铀树脂和磷酸酯基提铀树脂。
在1 mol/L HNO3+1 mol/L NaNO3的模拟溶液中,磷酸基提铀树脂的饱和吸附容量为18.1 mg/g,采用H2SO4作解吸剂时,铀的解吸率为96.1%;磷酸酯功能基提铀树脂的吸附容量为21.9 mg/g,吸附尾液中的铀质量浓度小于0.05 mg/L;采用0.4 mol/L NaHCO3与0.1 mol/L Na2CO3作解吸剂时,解吸率为98.3%。磷酸酯基提铀树脂可用于处理酸性硝酸体系中的低浓度铀,对酸性体系中低浓度铀的回收处理具有较好的应用价值。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.01.05
  • 接收时间:2024-01-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-14
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    核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京 101149

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勾阳飞(1991—),男,北京人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事有机材料研发。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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