Article(id=1147999671982743604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999669042537454, articleNumber=1000-8063(2024)02-0084-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.01, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634050602, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1716134400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634050602, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634050602, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634050602, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999669042537454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2024', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634049900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762911142051, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195299221810201381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999669042537454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195299221810201382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999669042537454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=84, endPage=89, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999672272150594, articleId=1147999671982743604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Research on the Barrier Performance of Clay to Radon, columnId=1175805042197152439, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Clay is a crucial component of the coexisting radioactive waste cover layer. The investigation of its shielding performance is of significant importance. In this study, the effects of clay type, clay moisture content, emulsion type, clay+geomembrane on radon shielding were studied by means of self-designed experimental apparatus. The results show that montmorillonite stands out as a clay type with relatively superior shielding capabilities, montmorillonite with 25% moisture surpassed other moisture levels, montmorillonite combining either polyurethane emulsion or geomembranes can yield favorable shielding effects. This research provides essential data and theoretical guidance for the utilization of clay in radon shielding.

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黏土是伴生放射性废渣覆盖层的重要组成部分,对其屏蔽性能的研究意义重大。通过自行设计的试验装置,开展了有关黏土屏蔽氡的性能研究,包括黏土类别、黏土水含量、乳液类别、黏土+土工膜等对屏蔽氡的影响。结果表明,蒙脱土是屏蔽能力较好的黏土,25%含水量蒙脱土的性能优于其他含水量的蒙脱土,蒙脱土+聚氨酯乳液、蒙脱土+土工膜均可获得理想的屏蔽效果。本研究结果为黏土用于屏蔽氡提供了一定的基础数据和理论指导。

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董春明(1986—),男,安徽芜湖人,工程硕士,工程师,主要从事铀矿冶技术和项目开发工作。

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董春明(1986—),男,安徽芜湖人,工程硕士,工程师,主要从事铀矿冶技术和项目开发工作。

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董春明(1986—),男,安徽芜湖人,工程硕士,工程师,主要从事铀矿冶技术和项目开发工作。

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caption=氡阻隔试验装置示意图, figureFileSmall=LoyVBbrVqMUXYLWXD6F9hg==, figureFileBig=Ib7NP+ZGNm69WeCqGFPQQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687127958401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Radon emission and barrier performance of halloysite, diatomaceous earth, chlorite, montmorillonite, figureFileSmall=ZHWwfKqXAh9c7KYU4VpN4Q==, figureFileBig=1mK7wtfU2PNJDC+FA5DpuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687203455874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=CN, label=图2, caption=埃洛石、硅藻土、绿泥石、蒙脱土释放氡及阻隔氡性能

(a)20%含水率埃洛石放氡行为;(b)20%含水率埃洛石屏蔽氡行为;(c)20%含水率硅藻土放氡行为;(d)20%含水率硅藻土屏蔽氡行为; (e)20%含水率绿泥石放氡行为;(f)20%含水率绿泥石屏蔽氡行为;(g)20%含水率蒙脱土放氡行为;(h)20%含水率蒙脱土屏蔽氡行为。

, figureFileSmall=ZHWwfKqXAh9c7KYU4VpN4Q==, figureFileBig=1mK7wtfU2PNJDC+FA5DpuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687295730563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=XRD diagrams of elonite (a), diatomaceous earth (b), chlorite (c), and montmorillonite (d), figureFileSmall=c5aXO5pn5l1QvxLqFqG67w==, figureFileBig=17ndqyWZmzFtJeYAd/H3fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687375422340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=CN, label=图3, caption=埃洛石(a)、硅藻土(b)、绿泥石(c)、蒙脱土(d)的XRD图, figureFileSmall=c5aXO5pn5l1QvxLqFqG67w==, figureFileBig=17ndqyWZmzFtJeYAd/H3fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687455114117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Adsorption performance of montmorillonite with different moisture content, figureFileSmall=9nIsFsJ1UpPFdREOzAoMTg==, figureFileBig=ITPkedcwktwtZ/WQSQGHrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687522222982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同含水率蒙脱土的吸附性能

(a)15%蒙脱土;(b)20%蒙脱土;(c)25%蒙脱土。

, figureFileSmall=9nIsFsJ1UpPFdREOzAoMTg==, figureFileBig=ITPkedcwktwtZ/WQSQGHrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687593526151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Radon barrier performance of montmorillonite+pure acrylic lotion (a)/styrene acrylic lotion (b)/polyurethane lotion (c), figureFileSmall=tDJQFcYQhxcdR9yl7hX/PA==, figureFileBig=odRoC17ewW5GSJrSNTYxLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687719355272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=CN, label=图5, caption=蒙脱土+纯丙乳液(a)/苯丙乳液(b)/聚氨酯乳液(c)的氡阻隔性能, figureFileSmall=tDJQFcYQhxcdR9yl7hX/PA==, figureFileBig=odRoC17ewW5GSJrSNTYxLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687794852745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Radon barrier performance of montmorillonite+geomembrane, figureFileSmall=zwMJ8ZWVIqKjb7vFn81/QA==, figureFileBig=DfXHA727ebOePlnTWqjs3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195098687866155914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999671982743604, language=CN, label=图6, caption=蒙脱石+土工膜对氡的阻隔性能

(a)15%含水率蒙脱石+土工膜;(b)20%含水率蒙脱石+土工膜;(c)25%含水率蒙脱石+土工膜。

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黏土对氡的阻隔性能研究
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董春明
铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024,43(2): 84-89
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铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024, 43(2): 84-89
黏土对氡的阻隔性能研究
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董春明
作者信息
  • 江西晶核环保有限公司,江西 赣州 341312
  • 董春明(1986—),男,安徽芜湖人,工程硕士,工程师,主要从事铀矿冶技术和项目开发工作。

Research on the Barrier Performance of Clay to Radon
DONG Chunming
Affiliations
  • Jiangxi Jinghe Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341312, China
出版时间: 2024-05-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.01
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黏土是伴生放射性废渣覆盖层的重要组成部分,对其屏蔽性能的研究意义重大。通过自行设计的试验装置,开展了有关黏土屏蔽氡的性能研究,包括黏土类别、黏土水含量、乳液类别、黏土+土工膜等对屏蔽氡的影响。结果表明,蒙脱土是屏蔽能力较好的黏土,25%含水量蒙脱土的性能优于其他含水量的蒙脱土,蒙脱土+聚氨酯乳液、蒙脱土+土工膜均可获得理想的屏蔽效果。本研究结果为黏土用于屏蔽氡提供了一定的基础数据和理论指导。

氡  /  黏土  /  阻隔  /  屏蔽性能  /  蒙脱土  /  土工膜  /  聚氨酯乳液

Clay is a crucial component of the coexisting radioactive waste cover layer. The investigation of its shielding performance is of significant importance. In this study, the effects of clay type, clay moisture content, emulsion type, clay+geomembrane on radon shielding were studied by means of self-designed experimental apparatus. The results show that montmorillonite stands out as a clay type with relatively superior shielding capabilities, montmorillonite with 25% moisture surpassed other moisture levels, montmorillonite combining either polyurethane emulsion or geomembranes can yield favorable shielding effects. This research provides essential data and theoretical guidance for the utilization of clay in radon shielding.

radon  /  clay  /  barrier  /  shielding performance  /  montmorillonite  /  geomembrane  /  polyurethane emulsion
董春明. 黏土对氡的阻隔性能研究. 铀矿冶, 2024 , 43 (2) : 84 -89 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.01
DONG Chunming. Research on the Barrier Performance of Clay to Radon[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2024 , 43 (2) : 84 -89 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.01
氡是一种从岩石、土壤和水中自然释放出来的无色、无味的放射性气体[1-3],常见的氡核素有222Rn、219Rn和220Rn[4-6]。氡的半衰期较长且在人体内停留时间有限,对人体的辐射剂量较低。然而,氡子体具有较强的扩散性和附壁效应[7-8],易与空气中的凝聚核结合,形成悬浮在空气中的放射性气溶胶,长时间的辐射暴露是氡引发人体辐射危害的主要原因[9-10]
中国共伴生放射性矿产资源比较丰富,特别是独居石、钽铌矿冶炼过程中产生的放射性废渣,具有比活度高、数量大和地域广等特点,客观上存在辐射环境安全问题[11-13]。中国对于固体废物的处置原则是减量化、无害化、资源化。目前伴生放射性废渣的处置主要以减少其造成的放射性污染为主,利用处置场存放是伴生放射性废渣最终处置的重要手段之一。
根据《伴生放射性物料贮存及固体废物填埋辐射环境保护技术规范(试行)》(HJ 1114—2020),覆盖层设计应同时满足安全稳定和辐射屏蔽要求[14-15]。充填设施结构应包括氡屏蔽层、人工防渗层、排水层、防生物侵扰层、植被恢复层等。其中,氡屏蔽层承担了阻隔废渣向环境中释放放射性气体的重任。黏土矿物具有较强的吸附性、离子交换性和膨胀性,并有一定的放射性阻隔作用。本研究考察埃洛石、硅藻土、绿泥石、蒙脱土等4种黏土的屏蔽性能。
埃洛石、硅藻土、绿泥石、蒙脱土购于中国国药集团有限公司。埃洛石化学式为Al2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O,是一种双层铝硅酸盐,具有亚微米级空心管状结构,其化学性质与高岭土相似。硅藻土是一种天然的软质硅质沉积岩,含有约80%~90%的二氧化硅。绿泥石有2∶1的夹层结构(2∶1夹层为四面体-八面体-四面体结构)。蒙脱土是一种性能独特的铝硅酸盐矿物,是由2层Si-O四面体片中间夹1层AlO2(OH)4八面体片组成的层片状矿物。
试验用纯丙乳液、苯丙乳液、聚氨酯乳液购于中国国药集团有限公司;土工膜(高密度聚乙烯膜,厚0.3 mm)购于阿拉丁试剂有限公司;固定黏土的组件为实验室设计,由南昌科荣机电设备制造有限公司加工;RAD-7测氡仪产于美国Durridge公司,1 m3的3 000 Bq/m3氡室由东华理工大学核技术应用研究所提供。
氡源来自于东华理工大学的标准氡室,屏蔽装置为自行设计。该装置有2个回路,1个回路包括氡室、干燥器、RAD-7测氡仪、下腔室;另1个回路包括上腔室、干燥器、RAD-7测氡仪(图1)。与下腔室和上腔室相比,氡室足够大,保证了渗透试验过程中氡室浓度的稳定。在上腔室和下腔室之间,固定一定量的黏土,黏土屏蔽层面积为78.5 cm2,填入厚度为5 cm,压实密度为1.27 g/cm3,用于阻隔下腔室的氡向上腔室渗透,通过测定上腔室的氡含量来确定阻隔效果。
在研究黏土阻隔氡性能时,探究了黏土自身释放氡的行为。图2(a)(c)(e)(g)为含水率20%的埃洛石、硅藻土、绿泥石、蒙脱土等黏土自身释放氡的行为。可以看出,埃洛石、硅藻土、绿泥石、蒙脱土释放氡量分别为111.48、106.67、105.83、228.63 Bq/m3,表明蒙脱土作为一种常见的黏土矿物,其含有的土壤放射性元素相对较多,其释放氡能力较强。
图2(b)(d)(f)(h)显示,采用含水率20%的埃洛石、硅藻土、绿泥石、蒙脱土作为阻隔材料时,上腔室的氡活度浓度分别为782.89、1 853.99、1 593.44、430.81 Bq/m3,表明蒙脱土具有最佳的屏蔽效果。4种土的XRD谱图(图3)显示,蒙脱土的层间距更为丰富多样,这为吸附氡提供了更多的通道和位点。下面主要研究蒙脱土的性能。
在不同含水率条件下,对蒙脱土的阻隔性能进行研究,结果见图4。可以看出,采用15%、20%、25%含水率的蒙脱土屏蔽时,上腔室的氡活度浓度分别达到915.74、430.81、405.21 Bq/m3。该结果表明,在15%~25%含水率内,25%含水率的蒙脱土的阻隔效能最好。其可能的原因为25%含水率的蒙脱土的微观孔隙被水分子充分填充,形成的致密结构可以防止氡气分子在材料内部的扩散、迁移;另外,水对氡具有一定的溶解能力,也可以吸收氡,从而实现了更高水平的氡阻隔效果。当提升含水率至30%时,蒙脱土流动性显著增加,无法固定在屏蔽室内开展试验。
引入纯丙乳液、苯丙乳液、聚氨酯乳液等合成树脂乳液,测试了蒙脱土的阻隔氡性能(图5)。可以看出,采用纯丙乳液/苯丙乳液/聚氨酯乳液+蒙脱土屏蔽时,上腔室氡活度浓度分别为119.90、111.84和60.48 Bq/m3,加入聚氨酯乳液后的屏蔽效果最好。测试了苯丙乳液、纯丙乳液、聚氨酯乳液的亲水性能,纯丙乳液、苯丙乳液、聚氨酯乳液与水的接触角分别为113、100.5、76.5o
综合屏蔽效果和接触角的结果可看出,亲水性越强,屏蔽效果越好。原因在于在黏土中引入合成树脂乳液,可能通过分子间的相互作用(如氢键的形成)引发黏土结构改变,促使结构的紧密排列,增强黏土的结构密度,从而减缓气体分子的扩散速率。通过引入不同种类的合成树脂乳液可调控黏土结构中的分子相互作用,进而改善材料的阻隔性能。
在实际应用中,引入乳液需要混合搅拌,会增加工序和成本。因此,本项目开展了蒙脱土+土工膜对氡的阻隔性能影响试验。
土工膜是一种常见的屏蔽材料。采用15%~25%含水率的蒙脱土+土工膜研究了氡的阻隔性能,结果见图6。可以看出,当采用含水率15%、20%、25%蒙脱土+土工膜为屏蔽层时,上腔室的氡活度浓度分别为396.86、159.94、96.20 Bq/m3,25%含水率的蒙脱土+土工膜的阻隔性能最佳。不同含水率蒙脱土+土工膜的阻隔性能变化规律,与不同含水率蒙脱土的阻隔性能变化规律一致。
伴生放射性废渣在处置或存放过程中会释放大量的氡,会对环境造成不利影响。黏土是伴生放射性废渣覆盖层的重要组成部分,在埃洛石、硅藻土、绿泥石、蒙脱土等4种黏土中,蒙脱土由于具有较为丰富的层间距,屏蔽效果最好。在15%~25%含水率区间内,25%含水率的蒙脱土的阻隔效能最好;掺入的乳液亲水性能越好,越有利于蒙脱土屏蔽氡;25%含水率蒙脱土+土工膜阻隔性能也较好,上腔室氡浓度大约为96.20 Bq/m3
  • 中国铀业有限公司-东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室联合创新基金(NRE2021-13)
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.01
  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
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中国铀业有限公司-东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室联合创新基金(NRE2021-13)
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    江西晶核环保有限公司,江西 赣州 341312
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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