Article(id=1147999669818483701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147997645471216289, articleNumber=1000-8063(2024)01-0065-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.07.02, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1689523200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634050087, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1708358400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634050087, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634050087, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634050087, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147997645471216289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751633567445, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762910967272, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195298488901714724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147997645471216289, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195298488901714725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147997645471216289, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=65, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999670091113469, articleId=1147999669818483701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Biostimulation Effects on Groundwater of Neutral In-situ Leaching Uranium, columnId=1175805042197152439, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Laboratory experiments were conducted on the biostimulation on a mixed system of groundwater and sandstone from a neutral in-situ leaching uranium mine. Based on the biostimulation, the remediation of carbon sources and carbon levels on uranium in groundwater was identified. The results indicate that under ethanol stimulation, the remediation efficiency of target U in neutral groundwater could reach up to 97.48%, this may be related to significant environmental neutral pH and higher reduction Eh values (Pearson’s r>0.7, P<0.01), and the biological metabolism process of ethanol has less disturbance to the water-rock environment, which ensures the relative stability of HCO 3 - and SO 4 2 - plasma environments and made it easier to achieve long-term stability of U in groundwater.

, correspAuthors=Juan SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=AN Yifu, SUN Juan, GAO Yang, LIAN Guoxi, YANG Bing, ZHANG Haoyan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1147999672188264512, articleId=1147999669818483701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=CN, title=基于生物刺激的中性地浸采铀地下水修复试验研究, columnId=1175805042343953080, journalTitle=铀矿冶, columnName=安全·环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=以某中性地浸铀矿山采区内地下水为研究对象,基于生物刺激修复方式,加入碳源,开展了地下水+砂岩混合体系的污染修复室内试验,筛选得到了优势碳源,确定了优势碳源的最佳投加水平,并验证了优势碳源对U的修复效果。结果表明,乙醇对中性地浸地下水中U的修复效率最高,可达97.48%,修复效果与pH和Eh显著相关(Pearson’s r >0.7,P<0.01)。乙醇的生物代谢过程对水-岩体系的扰动较少,能保证 HCO 3 - SO 4 2 -等离子环境的相对稳定,更易实现地下水中U的长期稳定。, correspAuthors=孙娟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙娟(1983—),女,河南周口人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事辐射防护与环境保护工作。
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安毅夫(1992—),男,河南新乡人,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境微生物研究工作。

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安毅夫(1992—),男,河南新乡人,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境微生物研究工作。

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安毅夫(1992—),男,河南新乡人,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境微生物研究工作。

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Physical and chemical characteristics of sandstone particles and groundwater

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
砂岩 pH Eh/mV w(U)/(mg/kg) w(Fe)/% w(S)/% w(TC)/% w(TOC)/%
7.95±0.20 102±14 57.43±15.98 8.10±3.67 0.05±0.01 2.60±0.29 0.16±0.07
地下水 pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(mg/L) ρ( SO 4 2 -)/(g/L) ρ( HCO 3 -)/(mg/L) ρ(TC)/(mg/L) ρ(TOC)/(mg/L)
8.10±0.16 71±8 5.11±0.93 1 487±177 2 185±153 558±44 3.2±0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1195800305376997897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999669818483701, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

砂岩颗粒和地下水的理化特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
砂岩 pH Eh/mV w(U)/(mg/kg) w(Fe)/% w(S)/% w(TC)/% w(TOC)/%
7.95±0.20 102±14 57.43±15.98 8.10±3.67 0.05±0.01 2.60±0.29 0.16±0.07
地下水 pH Eh/mV ρ(U)/(mg/L) ρ( SO 4 2 -)/(g/L) ρ( HCO 3 -)/(mg/L) ρ(TC)/(mg/L) ρ(TOC)/(mg/L)
8.10±0.16 71±8 5.11±0.93 1 487±177 2 185±153 558±44 3.2±0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1195800305452495370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999669818483701, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis results between pH and ρ(U)(statistical term n=28)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验组别 pH与ρ(U)的
相关系数r
pH与ρ(U)的
统计检验P
空白组 -0.293 0.131
0.01 mol/L乳酸钠 0.416 0.028
0.02 mol/L乳酸钠 0.582 0.001
0.05 mol/L乳酸钠 -0.647 <0.001
0.01 mol/L乙醇 0.738 <0.001
0.02 mol/L乙醇 0.793 <0.001
0.05 mol/L乙醇 0.572 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1195800305515409931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999669818483701, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

pH与ρ(U)变化相关性分析结果(统计项n=28)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验组别 pH与ρ(U)的
相关系数r
pH与ρ(U)的
统计检验P
空白组 -0.293 0.131
0.01 mol/L乳酸钠 0.416 0.028
0.02 mol/L乳酸钠 0.582 0.001
0.05 mol/L乳酸钠 -0.647 <0.001
0.01 mol/L乙醇 0.738 <0.001
0.02 mol/L乙醇 0.793 <0.001
0.05 mol/L乙醇 0.572 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1195800305586713100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999669818483701, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis results between Eh and ρ(U) (statistical term n=28)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验组别 Ehρ(U)的
相关系数r
Ehρ(U)的
统计检验P
空白组 -0.078 0.694
0.01 mol/L乳酸钠 0.772 <0.001
0.02 mol/L乳酸钠 0.717 <0.001
0.05 mol/L乳酸钠 0.586 <0.001
0.01 mol/L乙醇 0.750 <0.001
0.02 mol/L乙醇 0.666 <0.001
0.05 mol/L乙醇 0.703 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1195800305658016269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999669818483701, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Ehρ(U)相关性分析结果(统计项n=28)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验组别 Ehρ(U)的
相关系数r
Ehρ(U)的
统计检验P
空白组 -0.078 0.694
0.01 mol/L乳酸钠 0.772 <0.001
0.02 mol/L乳酸钠 0.717 <0.001
0.05 mol/L乳酸钠 0.586 <0.001
0.01 mol/L乙醇 0.750 <0.001
0.02 mol/L乙醇 0.666 <0.001
0.05 mol/L乙醇 0.703 <0.001
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基于生物刺激的中性地浸采铀地下水修复试验研究
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安毅夫 1 , 孙娟 1 , 高扬 1 , 连国玺 2, 3 , 杨冰 1 , 张昊岩 1
铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024,43(1): 65-70
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铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024, 43(1): 65-70
基于生物刺激的中性地浸采铀地下水修复试验研究
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安毅夫1, 孙娟1, 高扬1, 连国玺2, 3, 杨冰1, 张昊岩1
作者信息
  • 1 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 050021
  • 2 生态环境部 核与辐射安全中心,北京 100082
  • 3 北京师范大学 环境学院,北京 100875
  • 安毅夫(1992—),男,河南新乡人,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境微生物研究工作。

通讯作者:

孙娟(1983—),女,河南周口人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事辐射防护与环境保护工作。
Biostimulation Effects on Groundwater of Neutral In-situ Leaching Uranium
AN Yifu1, SUN Juan1, GAO Yang1, LIAN Guoxi2, 3, YANG Bing1, ZHANG Haoyan1
Affiliations
  • 1 The Fourth Research and Design Engineering Corporation, CNNC, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • 2 Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100082, China
  • 3 School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.07.02
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以某中性地浸铀矿山采区内地下水为研究对象,基于生物刺激修复方式,加入碳源,开展了地下水+砂岩混合体系的污染修复室内试验,筛选得到了优势碳源,确定了优势碳源的最佳投加水平,并验证了优势碳源对U的修复效果。结果表明,乙醇对中性地浸地下水中U的修复效率最高,可达97.48%,修复效果与pH和Eh显著相关(Pearson’s r >0.7,P<0.01)。乙醇的生物代谢过程对水-岩体系的扰动较少,能保证 HCO 3 - SO 4 2 -等离子环境的相对稳定,更易实现地下水中U的长期稳定。
中性地浸采铀  /  地下水  /  生物刺激  /  碳源  /  微生物修复

Laboratory experiments were conducted on the biostimulation on a mixed system of groundwater and sandstone from a neutral in-situ leaching uranium mine. Based on the biostimulation, the remediation of carbon sources and carbon levels on uranium in groundwater was identified. The results indicate that under ethanol stimulation, the remediation efficiency of target U in neutral groundwater could reach up to 97.48%, this may be related to significant environmental neutral pH and higher reduction Eh values (Pearson’s r>0.7, P<0.01), and the biological metabolism process of ethanol has less disturbance to the water-rock environment, which ensures the relative stability of HCO 3 - and SO 4 2 - plasma environments and made it easier to achieve long-term stability of U in groundwater.

neutral in-situ leaching uranium  /  groundwater  /  biostimulation  /  carbon source  /  microbial remediation
安毅夫, 孙娟, 高扬, 连国玺, 杨冰, 张昊岩. 基于生物刺激的中性地浸采铀地下水修复试验研究. 铀矿冶, 2024 , 43 (1) : 65 -70 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.07.02
AN Yifu, SUN Juan, GAO Yang, LIAN Guoxi, YANG Bing, ZHANG Haoyan. Biostimulation Effects on Groundwater of Neutral In-situ Leaching Uranium[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2024 , 43 (1) : 65 -70 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.07.02
目前,中国多座地浸采铀矿山面临退役治理问题,虽然地下岩层的自然衰减有一定的修复作用,但其周期较长[1]。地浸采铀地下水的不同渗透性和非均质性特征[2],导致pH、 HCO 3 -浓度、 SO 4 2 -浓度等存在差异,进而影响U的种态分布;在高碳酸盐、硫酸盐背景下的中性地浸采铀地下水中的U更难自然衰减。
微生物是地下水生物地球化学循环的重要参与者之一[3]。在自然条件下,微生物群落通过感受环境因子变化而调节功能微生物的相对丰度和多样性水平,从而实现污染物的自然净化[4]。微生物与铀的相互作用显著[5-7],GeobacterDesulfovibrioClostridium等微生物均能通过乳酸钠、乙酸钠、乙醇等碳源提供的电子使U(Ⅵ)转化为U(Ⅳ),从而达到对水中U生物修复的目的。目前,验证酸性条件下微生物修复可行性的研究较多,而对中性地浸采铀地下水中碳源生物刺激还原修复U的研究尚未见报道。
笔者基于生物刺激法,针对某中性地浸采铀采区内的地下水,通过投加不同碳源初步验证修复效果,进而筛选优势碳源,以开展不同投加水平在长时间序列上的室内批试验,从pH、Ehρ(U)、ρ( HCO 3 -)、ρ( SO 4 2 -)等水质指标变化情况,综合分析生物刺激在修复中性地浸采铀地下水时的作用潜力和长期稳定性。
砂岩颗粒和地下水样品来自某中性地浸采铀矿山采区内具有代表性的抽注单元,其中,砂岩颗粒是将钻孔获得的岩芯柱中深度为220~260 m的含矿段样品破碎、研磨至50目(270 μm)后,取筛下物于4 ℃保存备用;地下水样品是取洗井3次并抽取10 min后的均匀水体,保存于4 ℃低温环境。砂岩颗粒和地下水样品的理化特征见表1
为验证中性地浸采铀地下水中微生物在不同碳源作用下的生物刺激效果,采用在传统含铀介质中能够发生生物刺激效能的糖类、有机盐类、醇类等作为碳源,包括可溶性淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、乙酸钠、丁二酸钠、乳酸钠、β-甘油磷酸钠、L-抗坏血酸钠、乙醇、丙三醇,这些碳源均为分析纯。使用时,将100 g砂岩颗粒和100 mL地下水置于250 mL厌氧瓶后,再向瓶中加入0.01 mol/L的不同碳源,混合均匀。生物刺激全过程采用避光、厌氧、静置处理,并且设置不加碳源的空白组作为对照。
优势碳源是指能特异性刺激砂岩和地下水样品中具有还原代谢功能的微生物,进而还原修复地下水中U的碳源物质。基于碳源初步筛选试验,选取优势碳源,在其他条件不变的前提下,控制碳源投加水平为0、0.01、0.02、0.05 mol/L,在接近真实地下水温度(15 ℃)的条件下,开展优势碳源在长时间序列上的生物刺激试验。每次取样监测时,补充等量地下水和碳源物质。通过对比采用不同优势碳源修复后的pH、Ehρ(U)、ρ( HCO 3 -)、ρ( SO 4 2 -)和OD600,综合分析生物刺激作用在地下水环境中的作用潜力和长期稳定性。
采用0.22 μm PES滤膜过滤试验水体样品,取上清液,进行分析。其中,ρ(U)采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪ICP-MS(Agilent7900,Agilent Technologies)测定;pH和Eh采用含pH和Eh复合电极的离子计(ST5000,OHAUS)测定;ρ( HCO 3 -)采用滴定法测定;ρ( SO 4 2 -)和OD600采用紫外分光光度计(UV-8000,上海元析)测定;测试方法均参考相关国家标准。
采用Excel 2022和SPSS 22.0软件统计分析试验数据,使用Origin 9.0软件进行数据绘图。
微生物群落对不同碳源的代谢通道不同,表观上反映为微生物修复效果的不同。初步筛选的糖类、有机盐类、醇类等10种碳源对中性地浸采铀地下水中铀修复效果存在差异(图1)。可以看出,可溶性淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、丁二酸钠、L-抗坏血酸钠、β-甘油磷酸钠在90 d修复中,前期ρ(U)有一定程度的降低,但后期均有升高;乙酸钠、丙三醇对铀溶出作用较强;而乳酸钠和乙醇在90 d时,ρ(U)下降。所以,初步确定乳酸钠和乙醇为优势碳源,但由于试验30 d时ρ(U)上升明显,修复规律和稳定性有待长期观测。
微生物修复效果的长期稳定性一直是生物修复领域的关注重点。在不同投加水平的生物刺激试验中,2种优势碳源使水中ρ(U)均呈现先上升后下降的修复规律(图2)。微生物修复的前期波动可能是由于菌毛、细胞膜功能基团先进行含铀固体表面可迁移U的生物吸附,增加功能微生物的接触几率;再通过生物代谢碳源产生电子方式实现U的稳定化[8]。反应进行至30 d时,有“臭鸡蛋”气味气体生成;反应进行至第90 d时,有大量黑色沉淀出现,此时水中ρ(U)下降明显,并且代表微生物量的OD600由原始值(0.036~0.052)提升至0.832~0.956,表明了优势碳源刺激下微生物数量显著增加。
碳源投加水平主要影响功能微生物的生长周期。由图2可知,通过乙醇修复后,水中ρ(U)较低,最大修复率可达97.48%,高于加入乳酸钠时的最大修复率(29.37%)。当乙醇投加量分别为0.01、0.02 mol/L时,均能使ρ(U)下降至0.3 mg/L以下;并且乙醇投加量为0.02 mol/L时,ρ(U)达到0.3 mg/L的修复周期较投加0.01 mol/L时缩短了14 d。但是当乳酸钠和乙醇均为0.05 mol/L时,相比于其他投加水平,铀的修复效果出现了一定程度的下降;对于乳酸钠尤为明显,150 d后水中ρ(U)仍高于初始铀质量浓度,其原因可能与非功能微生物种间竞争[9]和离子强度的还原抑制[10]有关。
由于碳源刺激是非特异性生物作用,在高碳源含量时,一些非还原性微生物同时被激活,存在与还原性微生物的营养竞争行为,并且高微生物量伴随着CO2呼吸作用的增加,大量CO2在水中易形成更高浓度的碳酸盐,而碳酸盐的富集是干扰微生物还原的重要因素,从而影响了最终修复效果。因此,认为优势碳源在工程应用中的投加量应控制在0.02 mol/L以下。
含铀介质中铀的稳定性与pH的相关性较强[11]。在碳源刺激作用下,pH呈先下降后稳定的趋势(图3)。微生物生长过程会产生小分子有机酸,能够降低中性地浸采铀地下水中的碱度,2种优势碳源试验组的pH最大降幅分别为1.29和2.10;当投加水平相同时,乳酸钠试验组的平均pH均大于乙醇组的平均pH。
图3可知,随着乳酸钠和乙醇投加量从0.01 mol/L升高到0.05 mol/L,溶液pH呈上升趋势,该趋势在乳酸钠的修复过程中表现得更明显(图3a)。当水溶液中pH大于8.2时,以 UO 2 2 + CO 3 2 - UO 2 2 +—OH-为代表的U(Ⅵ)的种态占比提升,同时增加了U(Ⅵ)的可迁移性[12],而大量可迁移性的U(Ⅵ)配合物会抑制微生物还原U[13],这可能是导致后期乳酸钠组未能表现出U修复效果的原因之一。
修复后溶液中pH相对较低的乙醇组,较乳酸钠组表现出与U浓度变化更强的相关性(表2),在低投加水平乙醇试验中,Pearson相关系数r值大于0.7,P值均小于等于0.001,这表明地下水中微生物通过乙醇为底物的代谢途径能够为铀的稳定化创造相对适合的pH环境。
地下水中氧化-还原平衡主导了大部分变价金属元素的迁移和稳定过程[14]。优势碳源生物刺激作用下的Eh变化见图4
由于中性地浸采铀是采用“CO2+O2”的浸出模式,含矿层砂岩颗粒和地下水体系普遍为氧化体系(Eh>80 mV);而通过投加乳酸钠和乙醇能有效提升微生物代谢活性,使体系由氧化环境向还原环境转化。本研究中生物刺激作用的氧化-还原突变时间点为42~91 d,表明生物刺激作用驱动的还原环境构建需要相对长的作用周期。
Eh小于-150 mV时,有利于水溶液中的U(Ⅵ)向U(Ⅳ)的转化,从而增加铀的稳定性[15]。由图4(a)图4(b)可知,不同的碳源投加水平均能使地下水中还原电位处于-220 mV以下,而碳源投加水平的增加仅仅缩短了氧化-还原突变点的作用周期。乳酸钠组在0.05 mol/L的投加水平下的突变点比低投加水平时的突变点缩短了28 d,而乙醇组在对应水平下的突变点则缩短了35 d。乳酸钠和乙醇组的相关系数(r)差异较小(表3),表明这2种优势碳源均能有效发挥生物刺激作用,构建有利的还原环境。
碳源刺激下在微生物介导的长期水-岩反应中,砂岩颗粒表面的含 HCO 3 - SO 4 2 -的多种矿物会出现新的溶解/沉淀平衡(图5)。可以看出,投加乳酸钠后,溶液中的ρ( HCO 3 -)和ρ( SO 4 2 -)均随投加水平的增加而增加,随时间序列的延长而上升,其中ρ( HCO 3 -)上升至原始值的2.08~6.71倍,ρ( SO 4 2 -)上升至原始值的13.43倍。但乙醇组中ρ( HCO 3 -)提升幅度较小,并且ρ( SO 4 2 -)出现了下降趋势,仅为原始值的0.11~0.46,表现出了一定的 SO 4 2 -还原稳定效果。这表明微生物在碳源物质的代谢过程中,呼吸作用释放了CO2,CO2水解后生成 HCO 3 -使得pH升高, HCO 3 -的增加会干扰生物还原铀的修复进程[16];同时由于CO2的产生会加速碳酸盐矿物的水-岩反应[17],提升以碳酸盐矿物为基础的砂岩颗粒的溶解性,从而释放了砂岩颗粒中的 SO 4 2 -。而乙醇由于相对分子质量较低,相同投加量时代谢的CO2产量较低,以乙醇为主代谢通路的功能微生物提供了更适合U稳定的中性pH和更强的还原Eh,对水-岩反应的扰动较少,其在中性地浸地下水生物刺激修复中更具优势。
1)对于中性地浸采铀地下水,加入优势碳源乳酸钠和乙醇,能够降低地下水中的ρ(U),实现地下水原位修复。
2)在优势碳源投加量过高时,砂岩颗粒和地下水混合体系中生物代谢产生的ρ( HCO 3 -)会显著上升,从而抑制U的生物还原。与乳酸钠相比,0.02 mol/L的乙醇能够有效缩短生物刺激周期,地下水中ρ(U)修复效率达97.48%;同时对水-岩反应的扰动较少,ρ( HCO 3 -)和ρ( SO 4 2 -)更低,应用潜力较大。
3)生物刺激方式实现中性地浸采铀地下水中铀修复具有一定可行性。在生物刺激过程中,砂岩颗粒的物相变化、微生物群落对碳源的响应特征,以及长期碳酸盐累积下的效果稳定性仍需进一步观察。
  • 中核集团集中研发项目(中核科发〔2021〕144号)
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.07.02
  • 接收时间:2023-07-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-17
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中核集团集中研发项目(中核科发〔2021〕144号)
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    1 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,河北 石家庄 050021
    2 生态环境部 核与辐射安全中心,北京 100082
    3 北京师范大学 环境学院,北京 100875

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孙娟(1983—),女,河南周口人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事辐射防护与环境保护工作。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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