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During the production of nuclear fuel elements, hydrofluoric acid solutions with high concentration of uranium are generated. According to the requirements of the National Nuclear Safety Administration (Guoheanfa 〔2023〕 No. 158), hydrofluoric acid solutions with uranium concentrations below 0.2 mg/L can be released from regulatory control. To meet national regulatory requirements, this study utilized a hydrofluoric acid-resistant resin functionalized with specific groups to investigate its uranium adsorption performance in uranium-containing hydrofluoric acid under static and dynamic conditions. The resin’s resistance to hydrofluoric acid corrosion, saturated adsorption capacity, desorption efficiency, and reusability were systematically evaluated. The results show that the uranium concentration in hydrofluoric acid treated with this resin is reduced to below 0.2 mg/L, meeting the regulatory release criteria. Furthermore, the resin exhibits no significant decline in uranium adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. These findings provide a foundation for subsequent large-scale engineering applications.

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王大庆(1990—),男,山东临沂人,学士,工程师,主要从事放射性废物治理与科研。

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王大庆(1990—),男,山东临沂人,学士,工程师,主要从事放射性废物治理与科研。

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王大庆(1990—),男,山东临沂人,学士,工程师,主要从事放射性废物治理与科研。

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companyId=1171206504125342583, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China North Nuclear Co., Ltd., CNNC, Baotou 014035, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1171206504150508409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, companyId=1171206504125342583, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中核北方核燃料元件有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014035)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1171206506469958559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic diagram of dynamic adsorption test device, figureFileSmall=xBlD2IFEfJhIQpSrrqexDg==, figureFileBig=qBnRwunmQfK2GQfJqkBGBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206506683868064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图1, caption=动态吸附试验装置示意图, figureFileSmall=xBlD2IFEfJhIQpSrrqexDg==, figureFileBig=qBnRwunmQfK2GQfJqkBGBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206506788725665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Influence of hydrofluoric acid concentration on resin adsorption properties, figureFileSmall=evtWuz9/PJjWnYNSg1Nwxg==, figureFileBig=btTl7b+77TekhuNTJFeqYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206506897777570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氢氟酸浓度对树脂吸附性能的影响, figureFileSmall=evtWuz9/PJjWnYNSg1Nwxg==, figureFileBig=btTl7b+77TekhuNTJFeqYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206507002635171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Static adsorption curve of uranium by resin (low concentration uranium), figureFileSmall=HAeBkM6GbgSbBl76kgm4dg==, figureFileBig=pc2sSfYuqonsSyrZi/4ZVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206507090715556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图3, caption=树脂对铀的静态吸附曲线(低浓度铀), figureFileSmall=HAeBkM6GbgSbBl76kgm4dg==, figureFileBig=pc2sSfYuqonsSyrZi/4ZVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206507153630117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Static adsorption curve of uranium by resin(high concentration uranium), figureFileSmall=7I6IKUlVVILc7/Hl3Xz2lQ==, figureFileBig=hsRBZjlkedBMeuMMsonG2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206507216544678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图4, caption=树脂对铀的静态吸附曲线(高浓度铀), figureFileSmall=7I6IKUlVVILc7/Hl3Xz2lQ==, figureFileBig=hsRBZjlkedBMeuMMsonG2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206507275264935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Dynamic adsorption curve of uranium by resin, figureFileSmall=UtHTDxtAATK8MLXs1lFDWQ==, figureFileBig=QTh6M22TFyaJjJAxeLpu6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206507333985192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图5, caption=树脂对铀的动态吸附曲线, figureFileSmall=UtHTDxtAATK8MLXs1lFDWQ==, figureFileBig=QTh6M22TFyaJjJAxeLpu6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206509305308073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Kinetics curve of adsorption of uranium by resin, figureFileSmall=NEqzJYFhkhqo6Oa2Sr5Hyg==, figureFileBig=EXR2YrQ5qa5lJXae7UJjqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206509405971370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图6, caption=树脂对铀的吸附动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=NEqzJYFhkhqo6Oa2Sr5Hyg==, figureFileBig=EXR2YrQ5qa5lJXae7UJjqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206509494051755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Influence of desorption agent type on desorption rate of loaded uranium resin, figureFileSmall=4t6qdRGC2aHkv+Nc5ZYq7Q==, figureFileBig=VcQxzuqc4mrsHp6EGFRv+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206509548577708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图7, caption=解吸剂种类对负载铀树脂解吸率的影响, figureFileSmall=4t6qdRGC2aHkv+Nc5ZYq7Q==, figureFileBig=VcQxzuqc4mrsHp6EGFRv+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206509628269485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Influence of sodium carbonate concentration on desorption rate of loaded uranium resin, figureFileSmall=EfkoETw/vvf7gYj8qyZSXg==, figureFileBig=JbkB1OjPakvcBOGM5QyOeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206509728932782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=图8, caption=碳酸钠质量分数对负载铀树脂解吸率的影响, figureFileSmall=EfkoETw/vvf7gYj8qyZSXg==, figureFileBig=JbkB1OjPakvcBOGM5QyOeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171206509787653039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main components of uranium-containing hydrofluoric acid

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
溶液 氢氟酸含量/% ρB/(μg/L)
U Cr Fe Ni Mn Mg B
含铀氢氟酸溶液A 40 9.635×103 172 600 900 23 2.18×103 31
含铀氢氟酸溶液B 40 9.000×105 214 745 965 56 3.51×103 21
), ArticleFig(id=1171206509858956208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

含铀氢氟酸溶液主要组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
溶液 氢氟酸含量/% ρB/(μg/L)
U Cr Fe Ni Mn Mg B
含铀氢氟酸溶液A 40 9.635×103 172 600 900 23 2.18×103 31
含铀氢氟酸溶液B 40 9.000×105 214 745 965 56 3.51×103 21
), ArticleFig(id=1171206509942842289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Resin roundness rate after soaking

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浸泡天数/d 树脂磨后圆球率/ % 树脂形貌
0 97.12 球形
90 97.27 球形
180 97.31 球形
270 97.16 球形
360 97.23 球形
), ArticleFig(id=1171206510014145458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浸泡后树脂磨后圆球率

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浸泡天数/d 树脂磨后圆球率/ % 树脂形貌
0 97.12 球形
90 97.27 球形
180 97.31 球形
270 97.16 球形
360 97.23 球形
), ArticleFig(id=1171206510068671411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Reuse performance of resin

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循环次数 吸附容量/(mg/g) 解吸率/% 磨后圆球率/%
1 95.7 97.2 96.3
2 95.6 96.8 96.2
3 94.3 97.1 96.4
4 95.9 96.9 96.2
5 96.7 96.9 96.3
6 94.3 96.9 96.1
7 94.1 95.9 96.3
8 94.9 96.8 96.1
9 95.1 96.8 96.1
10 93.9 96.9 96.1
), ArticleFig(id=1171206510135780276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1171165156399685774, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

树脂重复使用性能

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循环次数 吸附容量/(mg/g) 解吸率/% 磨后圆球率/%
1 95.7 97.2 96.3
2 95.6 96.8 96.2
3 94.3 97.1 96.4
4 95.9 96.9 96.2
5 96.7 96.9 96.3
6 94.3 96.9 96.1
7 94.1 95.9 96.3
8 94.9 96.8 96.1
9 95.1 96.8 96.1
10 93.9 96.9 96.1
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含铀氢氟酸处理技术研究
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王大庆 , 李玉春 , 郑有恒 , 李琦 , 崔军辉
铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025,44(3): 82-87
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025, 44(3): 82-87
含铀氢氟酸处理技术研究
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王大庆, 李玉春, 郑有恒, 李琦, 崔军辉
作者信息
  • 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014035
  • 王大庆(1990—),男,山东临沂人,学士,工程师,主要从事放射性废物治理与科研。

Research on Uranium-containing Hydrofluoric Acid Treatment Technology
Daqing WANG, Yuchun LI, Youheng ZHENG, Qi LI, Junhui CUI
Affiliations
  • China North Nuclear Co., Ltd., CNNC, Baotou 014035, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.03.03
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在核燃料元件生产过程中会产生铀质量浓度较高的含铀氢氟酸溶液,根据国家核安全局文件(国核安发〔2023〕158号)要求,铀质量浓度低于0.2 mg/L的氢氟酸溶液可解控。为满足国家监管部门要求,采用一种耐氢氟酸腐蚀的带功能基团树脂,在静态和动态条件下研究了其对氢氟酸溶液中铀的吸附性能,考察了该树脂的耐氢氟酸腐蚀性能、饱和吸附容量、解吸性能和循环使用性能。结果表明,经此树脂吸附后氢氟酸中的铀质量浓度小于0.2 mg/L,达到了解控水平,且经10个吸附-解吸循环后该树脂对铀的吸附能力未见明显下降。研究结果为后续大规模的工程应用奠定了基础。
铀  /  氢氟酸  /  树脂  /  吸附  /  解控  /  核燃料元件

During the production of nuclear fuel elements, hydrofluoric acid solutions with high concentration of uranium are generated. According to the requirements of the National Nuclear Safety Administration (Guoheanfa 〔2023〕 No. 158), hydrofluoric acid solutions with uranium concentrations below 0.2 mg/L can be released from regulatory control. To meet national regulatory requirements, this study utilized a hydrofluoric acid-resistant resin functionalized with specific groups to investigate its uranium adsorption performance in uranium-containing hydrofluoric acid under static and dynamic conditions. The resin’s resistance to hydrofluoric acid corrosion, saturated adsorption capacity, desorption efficiency, and reusability were systematically evaluated. The results show that the uranium concentration in hydrofluoric acid treated with this resin is reduced to below 0.2 mg/L, meeting the regulatory release criteria. Furthermore, the resin exhibits no significant decline in uranium adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. These findings provide a foundation for subsequent large-scale engineering applications.

uranium  /  hydrofluoric acid  /  resin  /  adsorption  /  dispelling controls  /  nuclear fuel element
王大庆, 李玉春, 郑有恒, 李琦, 崔军辉. 含铀氢氟酸处理技术研究. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (3) : 82 -87 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.03.03
Daqing WANG, Yuchun LI, Youheng ZHENG, Qi LI, Junhui CUI. Research on Uranium-containing Hydrofluoric Acid Treatment Technology[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (3) : 82 -87 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.03.03
在干法(IDR)工艺制备二氧化铀粉末过程中,气态UF6与水蒸气发生气相水解反应生成固态UO2F2,UO2F2与H2、水蒸气发生气固反应,最终生成UO2粉末;转炉内的氟化氢尾气经石墨冷凝器冷凝后形成含铀氢氟酸溶液[1],需要对该含铀氢氟酸溶液进行处理。针对低浓度含铀废水的处理技术,已有诸多研究成果[2-10];但现有处理方法多适用于水质条件相对单一的体系,在复杂工况下的工程化应用仍面临挑战[11]。含铀氢氟酸处理是重要研究领域之一,采用氨水沉淀含铀氢氟酸中的铀,并对滤液中的铀进行离子交换处理,可使溶液中的铀质量浓度低于0.08 mg/L;但该工艺流程较长,且沉淀的铀还需二次处理[12]。采用微波蒸发技术处理含铀氢氟酸,可使氢氟酸中铀质量浓度低于0.2 mg/L,但残余液体仍需使用传统废水处理工艺进一步处理[13]
吸附法处理含铀废水具有高效、节能、环保等特点,用改性氟化钙从含铀氢氟酸中提取和纯化铀的方法为含铀氢氟酸溶液的处理提供了新思路[14],但实际中处理通量不高。针对高浓度氢氟酸介质中铀分离技术的研究较少,氢氟酸的强腐蚀性对处理技术和相关材料、设备提出更高的要求,研究新处理工艺、新吸附材料对于提高吸附法处理含铀氢氟酸溶液的处理效率具有重要意义。
含铀氢氟酸溶液,试验中共使用两类溶液:1)生产运行中产生的2种含铀氢氟酸溶液(表1);2)自配不同氢氟酸浓度(0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%)的含铀溶液,铀质量浓度均为500 mg/L,用于研究氢氟酸浓度对树脂吸附性能的影响。其他试剂:硫酸、盐酸、氯化钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠,均为优级纯。
吸附树脂由中核矿业科技集团有限公司研制提供,为苯乙烯-二乙烯苯基体加载特定功能基团的特种树脂。树脂外观为乳白色球状,粒径为0.30~1.25 mm,磨后圆球率为97.12%,含水率约5%,湿态时表观密度为1.05 g/mL。
树脂预处理:先用去离子水对树脂进行反复冲洗,彻底清除树脂表面附着的杂质、无机盐以及其他可能影响试验结果的污染物;然后用8%碳酸钠溶液浸泡树脂24 h,去除树脂内部残留的未反应基团和催化剂,防止其干扰吸附性能;最后再用大量去离子水冲洗树脂,直至冲洗液呈中性且无杂质残留。
主要试验设备:离子交换柱,内径10 mm、长900 mm;恒温振荡器,转速可调范围0~200 r/min。铀分析采用ICP-MS检测。
称取5.0 g干树脂,经上述预处理后装入锥形瓶,向锥形瓶中加入100 mL待吸附的含铀氢氟酸溶液B。锥形瓶密封后置于恒温振荡器中,控制振荡频率为180 r/min,在25 ℃条件下震荡吸附。在不同吸附时间(10~480 min)取样,测量溶液中铀质量浓度,研究树脂对铀的吸附动力学。
对于周期浸泡试验,将200 g树脂放入1 000 mL含铀氢氟酸溶液B中,密封浸泡,每周进行一次轻微搅拌(手动搅拌5 min)以保证溶液均匀性。每90 d为一个周期,每个周期结束后取部分树脂样品进行物理性能测定,其余树脂继续浸泡。为确保浸泡液氢氟酸浓度稳定,每个周期开始时更换新的氢氟酸溶液。连续进行4个周期(共360 d)的浸泡试验,验证树脂在高氢氟酸体系下的耐腐蚀性。
用动态吸附方式研究氢氟酸体系下树脂对铀的吸附性能,试验装置见图1。将50 g树脂装入离子交换柱(有效柱高约640 mm),采用上进液方式进行动态吸附试验,通入含铀氢氟酸溶液A,控制接触时间为10 min。每通过100个床体积(BV)取流出液样并测定其中的铀浓度,研究树脂的动态穿透吸附容量。
树脂在氢氟酸体系下的使用频次是研究的关键,为了考察树脂的使用性能,对材料进行多循环吸附、解吸试验,具体步骤:将50 g树脂置于树脂柱中,通入含铀氢氟酸溶液A进行动态吸附,控制流速为5 BV/h,待材料吸附平衡后,测定树脂的吸附量;然后开展解吸试验(使用10%碳酸钠溶液做解吸剂,流速3 BV/h),直至解吸完全,测定树脂的磨后圆球率;按照此方法,重复以上操作10次,研究树脂的重复使用性能。
将200 g预处理后的树脂放在1 000 mL含铀氢氟酸溶液B中浸泡,进行周期浸泡试验。测定每个周期后树脂的平均粒径和磨后圆球率,同时验证树脂在氢氟酸体系下的长期耐腐蚀性。
干态树脂在显微镜下为乳白色球状,粒径为0.30~1.25 mm;氢氟酸浸泡360 d后,树脂为微黄色,显微镜下为半透明状球体,球型完好,吸附树脂外观未见明显变化,保持完整球形,未见明显腐蚀或溶胀现象。
对各周期浸泡后的树脂粒径进行统计,研究树脂对高氢氟酸体系的长期耐受性。初始状态树脂平均粒径为0.91 mm,浸泡1、2、3、4个周期后,树脂的平均粒径分别为0.90、0.89、0.91、0.91 mm。树脂在氢氟酸溶液中连续浸泡4个周期后,树脂未发生明显溶胀,粒径未出现明显变化。
对各周期浸泡后的树脂进行磨后圆球率测定,浸泡前树脂(湿态)的磨后圆球率为97.12%,浸泡第1、2、3、4个周期后树脂(湿态)的磨后圆球率分别为97.27%、97.31%、97.16%和97.23%(表2)。该树脂在氢氟酸体系浸泡360 d后,树脂磨后圆球率未见明显变化。
在铀质量浓度500 mg/L、氢氟酸浓度0~40%环境下,研究树脂对铀的吸附性能。试验条件:称取5.0 g树脂放入100 mL自配含铀氢氟酸溶液中,25 ℃条件下在振荡器中震荡(180 r/min)吸附4 h,反应结束后测量溶液中铀质量浓度,计算不同氢氟酸浓度下树脂对铀的吸附量,结果见图2
图2可看出,随着氢氟酸浓度的升高,树脂对铀的吸附性能略有下降,但降低程度不明显。树脂对铀的去除率均大于99%,说明在质量分数40%氢氟酸浸泡下树脂仍具有较好的铀吸附性能。
1)低铀溶液中的吸附性能
使用含铀氢氟酸溶液A对树脂的平衡吸附时间进行研究。试验条件:称取1.0 g树脂放入1 500 mL含铀氢氟酸溶液中,25 ℃条件下在振荡器中震荡(180 r/min)吸附,在开始震荡后的10、20、30、60、90、120、240、360、480 min取样,测量铀质量浓度,绘制树脂的动力学吸附曲线(图3)。结果表明,在低浓度铀溶液体系中树脂对铀的吸附速率很快,在120 min达到吸附平衡,树脂平衡吸附容量为9.9 mg/g(以干树脂计)。
2)高铀溶液中的吸附性能
使用铀质量浓度为500 mg/L、氢氟酸浓度为40%的自配溶液对树脂的平衡吸附时间进行研究。称取1.0 g树脂放入200 mL上述含铀氢氟酸溶液中,其余条件同2.2.2第1部分,试验结果见图4。可以看出,在高浓度铀条件下,树脂对铀的吸附在开始吸附后的180 min内吸附速度较快;360 min后吸附达到饱和,此时的吸附容量为92.3 mg/g(以干树脂计)。这是因为被吸附的铀酰离子首先占据树脂表面位点,此时传质阻力较小,吸附速率很快;之后当树脂表面吸附位点减少,铀酰离子进入吸附剂内部层状结构中,传质阻力逐渐增加,吸附速率逐渐降低;当树脂吸附位点被铀酰离子占据时,吸附趋于平衡。
使用含铀氢氟酸溶液A、采用上进液方式进行动态吸附试验,接触时间为10 min,试验结果见图5。结果表明,树脂对氢氟酸溶液中的铀具有较好的吸附性能,在接触时间为10 min的条件下,树脂的穿透体积为1 600 BV,树脂饱和体积为1 900 BV,饱穿比约为1.19,树脂的饱和吸附容量为97.8 mg/g(以干树脂计)。
在静态条件下,液固质量比为1 000∶1,振荡频率180 r/min,使用含铀氢氟酸溶液A考察树脂对铀的吸附动力学,结果见图6。可以看出,在吸附4 h内,树脂对的铀吸附速度较快,4~6 h内树脂对铀的吸附速度变慢,6 h后吸附达到平衡,此时树脂的平衡容量为25.1 mg/g(以干树脂计),可见树脂在高酸度、低铀浓度条件下具有较好的铀吸附性能。
分别选择碱性解吸剂、中性解吸剂、酸性解吸剂,对树脂的解吸性能进行研究。取6份100 mg铀饱和树脂(吸附容量92 mg/g)装入三角瓶,分别加入10 mL 10%的盐酸溶液、10%的硫酸溶液、10%的氯化钠溶液、10%的氢氧化钠、10%碳酸氢钠、10%碳酸钠溶液,在恒温振荡器中振荡(180 r/min、25 ℃)4 h,分析解吸液中的铀质量浓度,计算解吸率,结果见图7。可以看出,10%的碳酸钠对树脂的解吸率最高,为98.9%。后续以碳酸钠溶液为解吸剂,进行解吸剂浓度研究。
取100 mg铀饱和树脂(吸附容量92 mg/g),分别加入10 mL碳酸钠溶液进行解吸试验,碳酸钠浓度分别为1%、3%、5%、8%、10%、15%,在恒温振荡器中振荡(180 r/min、25 ℃)4 h,分析解吸液中的铀质量浓度,计算解吸率,结果见图8。可以看出,当碳酸钠质量分数<8%时,随解吸剂中碳酸钠质量分数的增加,铀解吸率持续升高;当碳酸钠质量分数为8%时,对树脂上铀的解吸率达97.7%;当碳酸钠质量分数>10%时,对树脂上铀的解吸率达98.7%,继续增加碳酸钠质量分数不能提高解吸率。因此,根据生产实际选择8%~10%的碳酸钠溶液做树脂解吸剂。
为了考察材料的使用性能,按1.2.2动态试验方法对材料进行10次循环吸附、解吸试验,试验结果见表3。可以看出:经过10个循环吸附解吸后,树脂对铀的吸附量和磨后圆球率未见明显下降,说明树脂在高浓度的氢氟酸体系中具有良好的重复使用性能。单次树脂铀吸附率均大于99%,吸附尾液铀质量浓度<0.2 mg/L,满足氢氟酸解控对铀含量的要求。该树脂在氢氟酸环境下进行10次吸附-解吸循环,其吸附容量超过93.5 mg/g(以干树脂计),解吸率95%以上,磨后圆球率大于96%。
用特种树脂处理含铀氢氟酸,分别在静态和动态条件下研究了树脂的吸附性能和循环使用稳定性。结果表明,该树脂可以耐受40%的氢氟酸体系,树脂吸附容量满足生产要求;在一定条件下,经该树脂吸附后的氢氟酸溶液中的铀质量浓度小于0.2 mg/L,满足解控要求。以10%碳酸钠溶液做解吸剂,经过10次吸附-解吸循环后,树脂对铀的吸附能力、磨后圆球率未见明显下降,该树脂具有较好的重复使用性能。
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2025年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2025.03.03
  • 接收时间:2025-03-08
  • 首发时间:2025-09-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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    中核北方核燃料元件有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014035
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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