Article(id=1171165158538788949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)03-0108-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.09, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757157132992, onlineDateStr=2025-09-06, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757157132992, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757157132992, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757157132992, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1171165154017321083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1757157131914, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757582122913, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172947695539994988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1171165154017321083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=108, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1171165158698172502, articleId=1171165158538788949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Practical Application of Intelligent Mine Construction in Hard Rock Uranium Mines, columnId=null, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the national policy of developing green mining and building green mines as an important platforms and means for transforming the development mode of mining, enhancing the overall image of the mining industry, and promoting the safe and sustainable development of the mining industry, as well as the requirements of the State Security Bureau to carry out the "mechanization replaces people, automation reduces people" science and technology strengthen safety special action, the company has completed the "mechanization" transformation and has continued to carry out intelligent mine construction. Based on the pain points of safety in mining, such as high labor intensity, poor working environment, and high safety risks, the company has carried out intelligent mine construction projects, including unmanned driving of electric vehicles, remote control of loaders, remote control of crushers, and automation of ventilation and drainage. Through the transformation and upgrading of "digitalization" and "intelligentization", the company gradually achieves "minimization of personnel" or "unmanned operation" underground, improving the working environment and reducing labor intensity while further enhancing the intrinsic safety of hard rock uranium mining.

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根据国家将发展绿色矿业、建设绿色矿山作为转变矿业发展方式、提升矿业整体形象、促进矿业安全健康持续发展的重要平台和抓手,以及国家安全总局开展“机械化换人、自动化减人”科技强安专项行动等要求,公司在完成“机械化”改造之后,接续进行智能矿山建设。针对劳动强度大、作业环境差、安全风险大等安全生产痛点问题,开展了包括电机车无人驾驶、铲运机远程遥控、破碎机远程遥控、通风排水自动化等智能矿山建设内容,通过“数字化”“智能化”等改造提升,逐步实现井下“少人化”或“无人化”,在改善作业环境、降低劳动强度的同时,进一步提高了硬岩铀矿开采的本质安全度。

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刘海洋(1986—),男,吉林松原人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。
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侯志永(1985—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。

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侯志永(1985—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。

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侯志永(1985—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。

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智能矿山建设在硬岩铀矿山的实践应用
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侯志永 , 刘海洋 , 马运超 , 匡正平 , 王伟 , 黄国平
铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025,44(3): 108-113
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选治 2025, 44(3): 108-113
智能矿山建设在硬岩铀矿山的实践应用
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侯志永, 刘海洋, 马运超, 匡正平, 王伟, 黄国平
作者信息
  • 中核韶关锦原铀业有限公司,广东 韶关 512329
  • 侯志永(1985—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。

通讯作者:

刘海洋(1986—),男,吉林松原人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。
Practical Application of Intelligent Mine Construction in Hard Rock Uranium Mines
Zhiyong HOU, Haiyang LIU, Yunchao MA, Zhengping KUANG, Wei WANG, Guoping HUANG
Affiliations
  • Shaoguan Jinyuan Uranium Co., Ltd., CNNC, Shaoguan 512329, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.09
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根据国家将发展绿色矿业、建设绿色矿山作为转变矿业发展方式、提升矿业整体形象、促进矿业安全健康持续发展的重要平台和抓手,以及国家安全总局开展“机械化换人、自动化减人”科技强安专项行动等要求,公司在完成“机械化”改造之后,接续进行智能矿山建设。针对劳动强度大、作业环境差、安全风险大等安全生产痛点问题,开展了包括电机车无人驾驶、铲运机远程遥控、破碎机远程遥控、通风排水自动化等智能矿山建设内容,通过“数字化”“智能化”等改造提升,逐步实现井下“少人化”或“无人化”,在改善作业环境、降低劳动强度的同时,进一步提高了硬岩铀矿开采的本质安全度。

智能矿山  /  无人驾驶  /  远程遥控  /  数字化  /  智能化

According to the national policy of developing green mining and building green mines as an important platforms and means for transforming the development mode of mining, enhancing the overall image of the mining industry, and promoting the safe and sustainable development of the mining industry, as well as the requirements of the State Security Bureau to carry out the "mechanization replaces people, automation reduces people" science and technology strengthen safety special action, the company has completed the "mechanization" transformation and has continued to carry out intelligent mine construction. Based on the pain points of safety in mining, such as high labor intensity, poor working environment, and high safety risks, the company has carried out intelligent mine construction projects, including unmanned driving of electric vehicles, remote control of loaders, remote control of crushers, and automation of ventilation and drainage. Through the transformation and upgrading of "digitalization" and "intelligentization", the company gradually achieves "minimization of personnel" or "unmanned operation" underground, improving the working environment and reducing labor intensity while further enhancing the intrinsic safety of hard rock uranium mining.

intelligent mine  /  unmanned driving  /  remote control  /  digitalization  /  intelligentization
侯志永, 刘海洋, 马运超, 匡正平, 王伟, 黄国平. 智能矿山建设在硬岩铀矿山的实践应用. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (3) : 108 -113 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.09
Zhiyong HOU, Haiyang LIU, Yunchao MA, Zhengping KUANG, Wei WANG, Guoping HUANG. Practical Application of Intelligent Mine Construction in Hard Rock Uranium Mines[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (3) : 108 -113 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.09
习近平总书记在中国核工业创建60周年之际作出重要指示:“……核工业是高科技战略产业,是国家安全重要基石。要坚持安全发展、创新发展,坚持和平利用核能,全面提升核工业的核心竞争力”。同时,近年来从中核集团到地方部门对矿山企业和天然铀产业的发展都做了重要部署,将发展绿色矿业、建设绿色矿山作为转变矿业发展方式、提升矿业整体形象、促进矿业安全健康持续发展的重要平台和抓手。中核集团提出要树立“安全环保的标杆、地方发展的标杆、企地和谐的标杆”的三标发展理念,旨在打造铀矿冶的“绿色”品牌形象。
为贯彻落实“安全发展”“绿色矿山”等要求,实现从矿业大国到矿业强国的转变,需不断加大数字矿山、智能矿山领域的投入力度[1]。党的二十大报告中也明确提出:“加快发展数字经济,推进数字经济与实体经济深度融合”,国家国防科工局将数字化和智能化矿山建设研究列为军工科研能力建设的重要任务,中核集团也在大力推动核工业数字化、智能化转型升级。
目前,部分铀矿山在机械化、自动化、数字化、智能化等方面均进行了积极的探索[2-8]。中核韶关锦原铀业有限公司(以下简称锦原铀业)作为中国目前唯一保留的地下硬岩铀矿山,肩负着打造国家硬岩铀矿标杆的重要使命。近年来,通过改造提升,在机械化、自动化、数字化、智能化水平上取得了长足进步,逐步实现井下“少人化”或“无人化”,在改善作业环境、降低劳动强度的同时,进一步提高硬岩铀矿开采的本质安全度,可为其他硬岩铀矿智能化开采提供实践指导。
由于井下采矿工艺和施工组织较复杂,具有离散性,井下采矿是工区矿山智能化的难点[9]。锦原铀业围绕采矿生产和矿石水冶主工艺流程,智能化建设范围包括采矿工区、水冶厂区,搭建具有井上井下5G环网的先进数字化基础设施,开展资源数字化管理系统、采矿装备智能化、水冶智能化升级、安全系统智能改造、生产运营系统和集控中心建设等内容。以“矿石流”[10]、“浸出液”为主线,建设一个“一网络+四平台+N系统”的铀矿生产信息化和数字化管理统一平台,通过定制化5G超高可靠独立专网,支撑采矿、水冶、安环、辅助、运营五大类超22种场景应用的高效运行,打造安全、绿色、高效的硬岩铀矿智能示范工厂。通过智能化矿山建设对矿山管理进行综合集控规划设计,以数字化为驱动实现矿山可视化、集中化、智能化管理。锦原铀业智能管控中心见图1
改造实施前,采用3 t架线式电机车牵引U形侧翻式矿车运输,列车轨道容易掉轨,电机车需要人工驾驶、运行效率不高,人员密度大,劳动强度高,数字化和信息化管理水平低。通过对主运输巷道及工业场地轨道进行升级改造,实现窄轨轨道标准化,对电机车、转辙机、阻车器、卸矿仓接入轨、罐笼卷帘门等进行升级,安装控制主站、分站、RFID精准定位装置,实现电机车精准定位。
同时,完成转辙机、信集闭控制系统、卸矿仓自动控制功能。此外,还搭建WIFI6无线通信网络,建设集控软件平台、视频监控系统、电机车自动控制系统,实现了电机车在无线通信模式下的无人驾驶及自动卸矿。电机车无人驾驶现场应用见图2
改造后,实现了平巷运输电机车无人化运行,生产作业人员由36人减少到20人,上罐工、电车工、倒矿工共减少了16人,平均每趟运输时效提升30%,降低电耗12%,在减员增效、节能降耗等方面取得了突出成效。同时,推进“人少则安,无人则安”的智能化建设是治理金属非金属矿山隐患的重要方式之一[11],通过改造使电机车运输作业处于自主和远程智能操控状态,无人作业的同时规避障碍和风险,作业本质安全度大幅提升。
国内先进智能矿山建设中已实现了智能铲运机的应用,通过车身姿态传感器、环境自主识别传感器以及自主行驶控制算法,实现了智能铲运机在各种巷道环境下的自主驾驶[12]。基于公司目前正在使用的山东德瑞WJ-2B型柴油铲运机,运用远程遥控、环境感知技术及大数据融合等智能化手段进行铲运机远程遥控、自动驾驶技术的改造及应用。铲运机远程驾驶系统由井下车载远程控制装置和铲运机远程驾驶舱组成。井下铲运机通过WIFI6无线网络与核心网通信;地表集控室的驾驶舱、远程集群服务器以及调度系统,通过光纤通信接入核心网。驾驶舱通过自动化管理软件可以对多台铲运机和驾驶舱进行任意匹配绑定,远程驾驶舱位于地表管控中心,遥控位于井下的铲运机。铲运机远程自主运行状态见图3
通过改造,实现了铲运机铲、装、卸过程分段远程遥控,运输线路自主行走等功能,实现了采场内,尤其是顶帮风险较高的作业区域内铲运无人化,提高了采矿生产过程的安全性,降低了工作劳动强度,减少了井下作业人数(铲运司机由10人减至5人)。
通过采用远程遥控破碎系统替代井下人工破碎作业,破碎站可以实现无人值守,通过远程控制终端实现对破碎系统的控制[13],操作人员通过设置在管控中心的地表操作平台遥控井下破碎机,提高了设备运行效率,且远离井下恶劣环境。远程遥控破碎系统由地表操作平台、现场破碎装置(含电气控制改造)、视频信号回传、通信网络四部分组成。在网络故障情况下,也可以在井下破碎作业点现场操作破碎系统。
通过对井下破碎系统进行远程遥控建设,实现井下破碎现场不需要操作人员,仅通过管控中心的4名操作人员即可对所有破碎系统进行操作,既减少了作业人数,又改善了工作人员的劳动环境,减少了工作人员交接班时间,提升了矿山机械化水平。远程遥控破碎作业见图4
改造前,竖井提升系统采用正副司机、辅助上下罐等多人作业方式,不能实现自动化控制,提升系统效率低;操作工作重复,易造成人员疲劳;作业人员较多,安全风险高。对提升系统进行自动化和智能化改造,通过PLC操作控制系统完成提升机手动、半自动、自动、慢动、检修及紧急控制等各种运行方式的控制要求。同时,控制系统根据罐位与去向之间的距离及提升种类,自动选取最大运行速度,提高系统的运行效率。
改造后,保护功能更完善,完全匹配提升要求;自动化水平显著提高,实现竖井提升作业全自动运行,并联网进行远程集控,特殊或必要情况下可切换人工操作进行干预。相比改造前,效率提高了33%,操作人员减少8名,降低人工成本约60余万元/年,运输成本显著降低。
从企业的安全管理角度出发,以矿山为基础延伸至化工危化等行业[14]。公司进行了水冶数字孪生虚拟仿真、离子交换智能控制、堆浸工艺自动化控制、尾矿库水自动化处理、工艺废水自动化处理,以及矿井水自动化处理等建设。全部建成运行后,实现水冶生产系统自动化运行和主要工艺参数远程监控调配,将减少一线作业人员16人,水冶生产现场实现无人值守运行,建成“熄灯工厂”。
离子交换智能控制:对吸附、淋洗等流程进行自动控制,建立泵与贮槽液位联锁、溶液输送自动运行;同时对氯离子浓度、产品沉淀pH等在线监测和自动调节,提高工艺参数控制的稳定性,实现水冶厂房内全天候无人值守。
堆浸工艺自动化控制:实现淋浸剂、液位、酸度自动调配和在线监测,根据生产需要设置自动调节喷淋溶液输送,降低了劳动强度和安全环保风险,减少一线作业人员5名。堆浸工艺自动化控制及运行见图5
“三股水”处理自动化:针对尾矿库水、工艺废水、矿井水“三股水”处理进行自动化改造,将废水处理设备设施进行在线状态检测和自动化调节,实现自动处理、远程集控和无人值守,减少一线作业人员11人。
智能矿山是能为矿山安全生产各类决策提供智能化服务的智慧体[15]。针对矿山安全管理空间分散、数据孤岛等管理问题,开发了安全生产数据中心,构建“矿山大脑”。安全生产数据中心集中接入了安全与生产相关子系统,包括:提升自动化系统、智能电机车系统、无人机巡检系统、水冶自动化系统、尾矿库水处理车间、水冶厂物探检测、501矿物探检测、人员定位系统、能源管理系统、铲运机数据展示、溜矿井破碎远程控制、视频监控系统、自动风门(8个)、环境监测系统、通风自动化系统、排水自动化系统等,从智能运转、矿石流、安全保障、绿色环保等维度对数据进行集中管理。
综合管控平台(数字孪生)的建设不仅提高了矿山生产的安全性和可靠性,还运用了先进的数据集成及分析技术,有利于安全生产数据价值的挖掘,为管理者提供了更加科学的决策支持。综合管控平台(数字孪生)界面见图6
通过高效生产管控一体化平台,对矿山各类生产设备、生产数据、运行管理进行全局性的有效管理与控制[16]。矿山生产全过程的实时监控和预警与系统联动机制,实现了矿山生产的“透明化”管控,系统将真实矿山整体及相关现象在统一时空框架下数字化再现,实现了生产过程和安全保障的信息化监视与预警,可动态监管矿山生产与运营的全过程。
通过智能化矿山建设,实现矿山业务的数字化管理、作业一线的无人或少人化、资源要素集中管控和智能决策,助推矿山管理全流程系统、精准、高效化运行。应用智能化管控后,实现大幅减员增效,安全管理水平显著提高,除了降低能源消耗和设备损耗带来的间接经济效益外,综合管控平台每年直接经济效益超608万元[17]
1)体现国有企业责任担当,提升作业人员幸福感。智能矿山建设有效改善了作业人员工作环境,降低了安全风险。通过无人化值守、少人化作业,有效缓解高温、粉尘、顶板冒顶等安全风险。
2)助力硬岩铀矿高质量发展,提供矿山新质生产力。基于5G、物联网、人工智能、大数据等技术,实现矿山综合管控提升,效率和安全的双提升,为硬岩铀矿转型升级提供新质生产力。
3)倡导绿色发展,践行“双碳”战略。采用先进的自动化工艺与智能化系统促进了节能减排[18],构建矿山综合能耗管理体系,通过大数据综合分析,节能降耗,提升能源效率20%。
智能矿山建设是技术创新与体制创新、管理创新的有机结合[19]。锦原铀业通过智能矿山建设,信息化水平全面提升,技术装备升级和作业条件大幅改善,初步建成硬岩铀矿智能化矿山标杆,形成了高效、智能、绿色、和谐的现代化矿山企业形象,大幅降低了员工的劳动强度,提升了风险管控能力,成为行业展示窗口和铀矿名片之一。
锦原铀业智能化建设首次应用物联网、大数据、虚拟现实等前沿技术,对采矿和管控技术、设备进行全方位升级,达到了国内矿山的领先水平,具有较好的创新性。下一步可将智能化矿山建设成果推广到国内其他矿山生产管理当中,为中国硬岩铀矿智能开采和矿山行业高质量发展提供强有力的实践指导。
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2025年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.12.09
  • 接收时间:2024-12-12
  • 首发时间:2025-09-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12
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    中核韶关锦原铀业有限公司,广东 韶关 512329

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刘海洋(1986—),男,吉林松原人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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