Article(id=1147999687434564180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)01-0049-12, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.08, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724342400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634054286, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634054286, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634054286, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634054286, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999683156370319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634053267, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123824852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=49, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999694237724866, articleId=1147999687434564180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Uranium Extraction Process in Moving Bed Adsorption Tower, columnId=1175805041752556213, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=MINING AND HYDROMETALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the efficiency of uranium extraction by the moving bed adsorption tower, Fluent and Edem software were used to simulate the process of uranium extraction by the moving bed adsorption tower. By adjusting the inlet flow rate, and observing the movement of resin particles, the distribution state and the settling of saturated resin in the moving bed adsorption tower, the optimal inlet flow rate was analyzed and obtained. The accuracy of the simulation results was verified by building an experimental platform, and the comparative analysis of the experimental data with the numerical simulation results confirmed the consistency of the two conclusions, thus verifying the accuracy and applicability of the model. The results show that the optimal inlet flow rate is 4 m3/h. At this flow rate, the extraction efficiency of uranium ions is maximized, which provides an important design parameter for the future design of moving bed adsorption tower.

, correspAuthors=雷泽勇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=F0KW3qgLXbTLmIjtprfFnQ==, magXml=qhNLQvAyw3oMvv39MaUnvQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=jn2hurHvLzOcLkefATFrOw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨一鸣(1999—),男,湖南常德人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为铀矿冶装备与核动力机械。

雷泽勇(1962—),男,湖南邵阳人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为铀矿溶浸采冶设备及工艺的研究开发。

, authorsList=Yiming YANG, Jian DENG, Lin LEI, Zeyong LEI, Jiantang CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1154047872443081297, articleId=1147999687434564180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=CN, title=移动床吸附塔中铀提取过程的数值模拟与实验验证, columnId=1175805041991631542, journalTitle=铀矿冶, columnName=开采·选冶, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为了提高移动床吸附塔提取铀的效率,运用Fluent、Edem软件对移动床吸附塔提取铀的过程进行了仿真模拟。通过调整入口流量,观察移动床吸附塔内树脂颗粒的运动情况、分布状态及饱和树脂的沉降情况,分析得到最佳入口流量。通过搭建实验平台,验证仿真结果的准确性;将实验数据与数值模拟结果进行对比分析,证实了两者结论的一致性,从而验证了仿真模型的准确性和适用性。结果表明,当入口流量为4 m3/h时,铀酰离子的提取效率最大。研究结果可为移动床吸附塔的设计提供重要参数。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
雷泽勇(1962—),男,湖南邵阳人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为铀矿溶浸采冶设备及工艺的研究开发。
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杨一鸣(1999—),男,湖南常德人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为铀矿冶装备与核动力机械。

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杨一鸣(1999—),男,湖南常德人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为铀矿冶装备与核动力机械。

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杨一鸣(1999—),男,湖南常德人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为铀矿冶装备与核动力机械。

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Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2002(2):6-10 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Numerical study of 2D fluidized bed with the distinct element method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179340861482614908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=张博伦, journalName=移动床内颗粒流动特性的DEM模拟研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张博伦. 移动床内颗粒流动特性的DEM模拟研究[D]. 北京: 中国石油大学(北京), 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179340861558112383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=胡海滨, journalName=液固移动床卸料特性的CFD-DEM模拟研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡海滨. 液固移动床卸料特性的CFD-DEM模拟研究[D]. 北京: 中国石油大学(北京), 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179340861621026945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=袁子涵, journalName=液固流化床内非牛顿流体-颗粒两相流动数值模拟研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁子涵. 液固流化床内非牛顿流体-颗粒两相流动数值模拟研究[D]. 大庆: 东北石油大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179340861688135811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=GIDASPOW D, journalName=Multiphase flow and fluidization: continuum and kinetic theory description, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GIDASPOW D. Multiphase flow and fluidization: continuum and kinetic theory description[M]. San Diego: Academic Press,1994., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1179340858869563446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, awardId=优溶渣中铀针高效提取技术研究, language=EN, fundingSource=2022年铀业自主科研项目(优溶渣中铀针高效提取技术研究), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1179340858945060920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年铀业自主科研项目(优溶渣中铀钍高效提取技术研究), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1179340854075474858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179340854079669163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, companyId=1179340854075474858, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Mechanical 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figureFileSmall=VfnBetgVlwSp7dAo2/ZXkg==, figureFileBig=FTQQy46OFy9PkvFIUy0uRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179340858521436205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters required for simulation

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树脂颗粒密度/
(kg/m3)
树脂颗粒直径/
mm
树脂颗粒初始
堆积高度/mm
液体密度/
(kg/m3)
塔高/
mm
塔直径/
mm
进液口孔径/
mm
700 0.6 8 000 1 200 10 000 1 000 100
), ArticleFig(id=1179340858588545071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模拟所需参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂颗粒密度/
(kg/m3)
树脂颗粒直径/
mm
树脂颗粒初始
堆积高度/mm
液体密度/
(kg/m3)
塔高/
mm
塔直径/
mm
进液口孔径/
mm
700 0.6 8 000 1 200 10 000 1 000 100
), ArticleFig(id=1179340858659848241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Related parameters of 210×7 resin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 参数值
质量全交换容量/(mmol/g) ≥3.5
体积全交换容量/(mmol/mL) ≥1.3
含水率/% 42~48
湿视密度/(g/mL) 0.67~0.75
湿真密度/(g/mL) 1.07~1.15
有效粒径/mm 0.63~1.0
均一系数 ≤1.4
粒度 0.6~1.2 mm≥95%
磨后圆球率 ≥90%
测定形态 氯型
), ArticleFig(id=1179340858726957107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999687434564180, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

210×7树脂的相关参数

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参数 参数值
质量全交换容量/(mmol/g) ≥3.5
体积全交换容量/(mmol/mL) ≥1.3
含水率/% 42~48
湿视密度/(g/mL) 0.67~0.75
湿真密度/(g/mL) 1.07~1.15
有效粒径/mm 0.63~1.0
均一系数 ≤1.4
粒度 0.6~1.2 mm≥95%
磨后圆球率 ≥90%
测定形态 氯型
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移动床吸附塔中铀提取过程的数值模拟与实验验证
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杨一鸣 1 , 邓健 1 , 雷林 2 , 雷泽勇 1 , 陈建堂 3
铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025,44(1): 49-60
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025, 44(1): 49-60
移动床吸附塔中铀提取过程的数值模拟与实验验证
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杨一鸣1, 邓健1, 雷林2, 雷泽勇1, 陈建堂3
作者信息
  • 1 南华大学 机械工程学院, 湖南 衡阳 421001
  • 2 南华大学 资源环境与安全工程学院, 湖南 衡阳 421001
  • 3 湖南中核金原新材料有限责任公司, 湖南 衡阳 421002
  • 杨一鸣(1999—),男,湖南常德人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为铀矿冶装备与核动力机械。

通讯作者:

雷泽勇(1962—),男,湖南邵阳人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为铀矿溶浸采冶设备及工艺的研究开发。
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Uranium Extraction Process in Moving Bed Adsorption Tower
Yiming YANG1, Jian DENG1, Lin LEI2, Zeyong LEI1, Jiantang CHEN3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
  • 2 School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
  • 3 Hunan CNNC Jinyuan New Material Co., Ltd., Hengyang 421002, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.08
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为了提高移动床吸附塔提取铀的效率,运用Fluent、Edem软件对移动床吸附塔提取铀的过程进行了仿真模拟。通过调整入口流量,观察移动床吸附塔内树脂颗粒的运动情况、分布状态及饱和树脂的沉降情况,分析得到最佳入口流量。通过搭建实验平台,验证仿真结果的准确性;将实验数据与数值模拟结果进行对比分析,证实了两者结论的一致性,从而验证了仿真模型的准确性和适用性。结果表明,当入口流量为4 m3/h时,铀酰离子的提取效率最大。研究结果可为移动床吸附塔的设计提供重要参数。
移动床  /  吸附塔  /  铀  /  仿真模拟  /  入口流量  /  室内实验平台

In order to improve the efficiency of uranium extraction by the moving bed adsorption tower, Fluent and Edem software were used to simulate the process of uranium extraction by the moving bed adsorption tower. By adjusting the inlet flow rate, and observing the movement of resin particles, the distribution state and the settling of saturated resin in the moving bed adsorption tower, the optimal inlet flow rate was analyzed and obtained. The accuracy of the simulation results was verified by building an experimental platform, and the comparative analysis of the experimental data with the numerical simulation results confirmed the consistency of the two conclusions, thus verifying the accuracy and applicability of the model. The results show that the optimal inlet flow rate is 4 m3/h. At this flow rate, the extraction efficiency of uranium ions is maximized, which provides an important design parameter for the future design of moving bed adsorption tower.

moving bed  /  adsorption tower  /  uranium  /  simulation  /  inlet flow rate  /  experimental platform
杨一鸣, 邓健, 雷林, 雷泽勇, 陈建堂. 移动床吸附塔中铀提取过程的数值模拟与实验验证. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (1) : 49 -60 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.08
Yiming YANG, Jian DENG, Lin LEI, Zeyong LEI, Jiantang CHEN. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Uranium Extraction Process in Moving Bed Adsorption Tower[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (1) : 49 -60 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.08
离子交换技术是一种颇具特色且高效的化学分离技术,被广泛应用于铀的回收、分离以及纯化领域。移动床吸附塔是该工艺的关键设备,它主要被用于处理堆浸和原地爆破浸出工艺所产生的浸出液[1],移动床吸附塔的设计和操作直接影响离子交换的效率和效果。
为提高铀酰离子的提取效率,离子交换设备的创新与优化成为研究焦点。目前,中国主要从以下三方面对其进行研究:一是吸附塔不同工作环境的应用与设计[2-7];二是吸附塔结构的改进与优化[8-13];三是通过对流化床进行数值模拟,深入探讨流化床内颗粒流动特性,进行设计优化。有关数值模拟和设计优化,刘兵等[14]利用CFD软件对固定床离子交换塔的内部流场进行了模拟仿真,通过研究不同筛板开孔率下的参数变化规律,为解决铀水冶固定床出液装置的问题提供了科学依据;李宗哲等[15]分析了单旋流和双旋流结构流化床的内部流场,认为双旋流结构流化程度好、颗粒分布均匀稳定;谢磊等[16]用液固两相欧拉-多流体模型和多相质点网格法(MP-PIC),结合不同曳力模型,对液固流化床内不同密度二元颗粒流动特性进行了数值模拟研究;刘国栋等[17]用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型、k-ε湍流模型,考虑液固耦合作用,模拟液固流化床内液固两相流动,研究液体密度和黏度的影响;黎明等[18]采用基于颗粒轨道模型的欧拉-拉格朗日数值模拟方法对二维流化床进行了数值模拟;张博伦[19]对移动床内颗粒流动特性进行DEM模拟研究,探讨了移动床厚度以及换热翅片的引入对颗粒流动特性的影响;胡海滨[20]针对某企业正在研发的液固移动床装置,围绕装置的设计、优化需求,对装置内部颗粒物料的流动特性展开数值模拟研究。
以上研究极大丰富了铀提取工艺的理论基础与技术支持,但仍需面对吸附塔内部流场复杂性及树脂颗粒运动不确定性等挑战。移动床吸附塔内部流场、树脂颗粒运动情况复杂,提高铀提取效率一直是个难题。为此,采用Fluent、Edem软件对移动床吸附塔提取铀的过程进行仿真模拟,旨在得到吸附塔最佳入口流量,为吸附塔的设计提供关键参数。
根据现场调研,浸出液从吸附塔底部侧面进入,饱和树脂从吸附塔底部抽出,进液口高度离吸附塔底部900 mm。实际过程中,进液管伸入塔体;但在实验时,将其简化,进液管接在吸附塔底部侧面,没有伸入塔内。
基于以上数据,采用SpaceClaim软件构建简化的仿真模型,该模型塔体高度为10 000 mm,直径为1 000 mm,进口管道长度设定为300 mm,轴向进口管道内径为100 mm,见图1(a)。将构建好的模型导入Ansys软件中,设定精细的边界条件。将进水口设为inlet,吸附塔顶部设为outlet,其余部分均设为wall。在此基础上,对其进行六面体网格划分,单元尺寸设为15 mm,无加密区,边缘正常划分,确保模型的每个区域均被网格化,以提升数值模拟的精度。移动床吸附塔网格划分示意图见图1(b)。
为探究不同网格数量对数值模拟精度的影响,网格数量选取了25 155、44 961和69 735,同时确保所有网格的最小正交质量指标均高于0.2,以维持模型的几何精度。在进水管入口处设置流体流速,根据现场工业试验条件要求,入口流量在2~6 m3/h范围内选择。随机选取吸附塔某一高度的平面,此处选择位于吸附塔高度400 mm的平面,并监测经过该面的速度分布,经100次迭代计算,导出数据,得到该平面流体速度分布(图2)。可以看出,当网格数量分别为25 155、44 961和69 735时,所获得的3条速度分布曲线呈现高度一致性;这说明在选定的网格密度范围内,模拟结果的准确性不受网格数量变化的影响。鉴于上述分析,最终采用网格数量为44 961的模型进行后续的数值模拟,以平衡计算效率与结果精度。
为了深入研究移动床吸附塔内部树脂颗粒的运动状态,采用欧拉双流体模型对流体与固体两相的作用进行模拟与分析。对于欧拉双流体模型,流体相和颗粒相均被看作连续性介质,即“拟流体”,但用来描述其动力学特性的守恒方程不同。对于液体相,通常考虑质量守恒方程、动量守恒方程,以及能量守恒方程等;而对于固体相,其主要考虑的是应力应变关系。固体在受力作用下会发生变形,描述固体动力学特性的方程通常包括平衡方程、几何方程,以及本构方程等。固体的变形相对较为缓慢,且通常不具有像液体那样的流动性。
1)质量守恒方程[21]14
液相质量守恒方程为
$\frac{\partial }{\partial t}$(εlρl)+Δ·(εlρlvl)=0,
固相质量守恒方程为
$\frac{\partial }{\partial t}$(εsρs)+Δ·(εsρsvs)=0,
2)液相动量守恒方程[21]14

$\frac{\partial }{\partial t}$(εlρlvl)+Δ·(εlρlvlvl)=

εlΔ·τl+εlρlg-εlΔpl+β(vs-vl),

液体的应力张量τl
τl=μlvl+(Δvl)T]- $\frac{2}{3}$μl(Δ·v l)I,
3)颗粒相动量守恒方程[21]15

$\frac{\partial }{\partial t}$(εsρsvs)+Δ·(εsρsvs)=

εsΔ·τs+εsρsgps-εsΔpl+β(vl-vs),

颗粒相应力张量τs

τs=(-ps+ξsΔ·vs)I+

μs $\left\{\left[\mathrm{\Delta }{v}_{s}+(\mathrm{\Delta }{v}_{s}{)}^{\mathrm{T}}\right]-\frac{2}{3}(\mathrm{\Delta }·{v}_{s})I\right\}$,
4)颗粒相压力[21]16
ps=εsρsθ+2g0 ${\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$(1+e)ρsθ,
5)颗粒相剪切黏度[21]16

μs=$\frac{4}{5}{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$ρsdpg0(1+e)$\sqrt[ ]{\frac{\theta }{\mathrm{\pi }}}$+

$\frac{10{\rho }_{\mathrm{s}}{d}_{\mathrm{p}}\sqrt[ ]{\mathrm{\pi }\theta }}{96(1+e){\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}}{g}_{0}}{\left[1+\frac{4}{5}{g}_{0}{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}}(1+e)\right]}^{2}$
6)Gidaspow[22]曳力模型
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\beta }_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{w}}=150\frac{{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}}(1-{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{l}}){\mu }_{\mathrm{l}}}{{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{l}}{d}_{\mathrm{p}}^{2}}+1.75\frac{{\rho }_{\mathrm{l}}{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}}}{{d}_{\mathrm{s}}}\left|v{\mathrm{ }}_{\mathrm{l}}-{v}_{s}\right|,\\     {\epsilon }_{\mathrm{l}}<0.8\\ {\beta }_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{w}}=\frac{3{C}_{\mathrm{d}}{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{l}}{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{l}}\left|{v}_{l}-{v}_{s}\right|}{4{d}_{\mathrm{p}}}{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{l}}^{-2.65},{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{l}}\ge 0.8\end{array}\right.$;
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}_{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{24}{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}}(1+0.15\mathrm{R}{\mathrm{e}}^{0.687}),\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}<1000\\ {C}_{\mathrm{d}}=0.44,      \mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}\ge 1000\end{array}\right.$;
Re= $\frac{\left|{v}_{l}-{v}_{s}\right|{d}_{\mathrm{p}}{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{l}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{l}}}{{\mu }_{\mathrm{l}}}$
在模拟过程中,移动床吸附塔的壁面采用无滑移边界条件。采用软件默认设定颗粒的动力黏度系数,简化模型的复杂度,保证模拟的稳定性。溶液的入口采用速度入口,确保溶液以预定速度进入吸附塔;而出口则设置为压力出口,以模拟真实工况下的压力释放过程。为了捕捉瞬态行为,时间步长设定为0.01 s,整个模拟过程持续了150 s。通过这一系列的参数设定与方法选择,能够更准确地模拟和分析移动床吸附塔内复杂流固相互作用的现象。其他模拟所需参数见表1
当移动床吸附塔内充满溶液后,溶液中的金属离子与树脂颗粒将发生一系列复杂的化学交互,最终导致树脂颗粒吸附金属离子达到饱和状态,形成饱和树脂,并从吸附塔相对较高的位置向吸附塔较低位置移动,并在移动过程中逐渐形成较为紧密排列的状态,饱和树脂颗粒模型见图3,树脂颗粒为均匀的球状颗粒,图中亮点为软件反光效果。采用离散元软件Edem对这一过程进行高精度仿真,模拟1 min内饱和树脂颗粒沉降情况。其中,塔体高度10 000 mm、直径1 000 mm,进液管长度设定为300 mm,轴向进液管内径为100 mm。将设计的模型导入Ansys中进行四面体网格划分,单元尺寸为15 mm,移动床吸附塔的三维网格模型见图4,图中深色区域为进液管区域。在Edem中设置饱和树脂颗粒的密度为1 300 kg/m3,饱和树脂颗粒直径为1 mm,根据斯托克斯公式计算得到饱和树脂颗粒的生成速率为0.045 kg/s。
根据现场调研,其流量范围在2~6 m3/h内,折合空塔线速度为2.55~7.64 m/h。在移动床吸附塔塔高、塔径、进出管管径,及树脂层高等结构参数不变的情况下,改变入口流量(Q=2 m3/h、4 m3/h和6 m3/h),观察吸附塔内部树脂颗粒的运动情况。
Q=2 m3/h、Q=4 m3/h、Q=6 m3/h时,移动床吸附塔内树脂颗粒浓度瞬时分布见图5~图7。可以看出,溶液以较高的速度从一侧的进液口涌入塔内,由于树脂颗粒密度小于液体密度,在溶液的推动下树脂颗粒逐渐向上浮动,最终在移动床吸附塔上部区域形成了稳定的树脂床层结构。与Q=4 m3/h、Q=6 m3/h相比,当Q=2 m3/h时,在t=150 s时,树脂颗粒并没有在上部区域形成稳定的树脂床层结构,说明其形成稳定结构需要的时间更长,在实际工业生产中,这样的速率会影响吸附效率。当Q=6 m3/h时,由于入口流量太大,导致吸附塔内树脂颗粒的移动速度较快,树脂颗粒在塔内分布不均,减少了其与待吸附物质的接触时间。当Q=4 m3/h时,树脂颗粒分布均匀,且在上部区域形成了一个稳定的树脂床层结构,有利于提高吸附效率。
Q=2 m3/h、Q=4 m3/h、Q=6 m3/h时,移动床吸附塔内树脂颗粒瞬时速度分布见图8~图10
图8~图10可看出,随着液体从塔侧的进液管迅速涌入,使树脂床层最上面(上部分)的树脂颗粒和进液口处的树脂颗粒获得了较大的加速度,随着溶液的进入,树脂颗粒在重力和曳力的共同作用下,逐渐向上运动,当上部分的树脂颗粒触碰到顶部的过滤网时,树脂颗粒又随着溶液向下回流,形成了在吸附塔中心区域树脂颗粒向上运动,而在壁面附近向下回流运动的循环流动状态。最后,当树脂颗粒在移动床吸附塔的上部区域形成稳定的树脂床层结构时,它们的速度逐渐趋于稳定。
观察不同入口流量对树脂颗粒运动情况的影响,发现Q=2 m3/h时,吸附塔内树脂颗粒的速度并不稳定,影响树脂颗粒的吸附效率。而对比Q=4 m3/h、Q=6 m3/h,可以发现Q=4 m3/h时,吸附塔内树脂颗粒的运动状态达到一种动态平衡,即在流体的持续推动下,颗粒的速度不再发生显著变化,而是维持在一个相对稳定的水平。这种稳定状态的形成,对于优化吸附过程和提高吸附效率具有重要意义,因为它确保了树脂颗粒在塔内的均匀分布,从而促进了树脂颗粒与溶液之间的充分接触和反应。
Q=2 m3/h、Q=4 m3/h、Q=6 m3/h时,移动床吸附塔内树脂颗粒压力瞬时分布见图11~图13
图11~图13可看出,在初始阶段,移动床吸附塔底部堆积着树脂颗粒,移动床吸附塔的压力呈现底部压力高、顶底压力低的情况。随着含铀溶液从一侧的进液管持续注入吸附塔,树脂颗粒在溶液的推动下逐渐上浮,底部压力显著增加,例如:Q=4 m3/h时,底部压力从1.78×104 Pa增加到2.68×104 Pa。对比不同入口流量对树脂颗粒运动情况的影响,发现入口流量越大,移动床吸附塔的底部压力越大。
在进口流量为Q=4 m3/h,且持续进液8 h后,塔底区域饱和树脂颗粒沉降情况见图14
图14可知,经过一定时间的化学反应后,原树脂颗粒逐渐饱和,在重力的作用下开始向下运动。由于饱和树脂颗粒的密度大于溶液的密度,重力成为促使饱和树脂沉降的主要驱动力。此时,饱和树脂颗粒在液体中相对较为分散,彼此之间的间距较大,运动较为自由。随着沉降的进行,饱和树脂颗粒逐渐靠近,形成较为紧密的结构。在这个阶段,颗粒之间的空隙逐渐减小,整个体系变得更加密实。随着时间的推移,树脂密实移动至塔底,底部堆积的饱和树脂颗粒数量逐渐增多。通过对模型底部进行切片计算饱和树脂颗粒的沉降体积,可以得到1 min内饱和树脂的沉降体积约为2.083×10-3 m3
确定的密实移动床主要工艺流程见图15。含铀溶液通过溶解槽及浓密机进入原液槽,然后从移动床吸附塔底部侧边进入吸附塔;当树脂颗粒吸附饱和后,停止进液,将饱和树脂转移到转移槽中,并用稀酸洗液洗掉饱和树脂上附带的其他杂质离子;然后将饱和树脂转移到淋洗塔,加入淋洗剂进行淋洗铀,得到淋洗合格液。淋洗后的贫树脂转移到吸附塔,重复以上操作。
移动床吸附塔内部的流场、树脂颗粒的运动以及溶液与树脂颗粒间的相互作用十分复杂,为了得到最佳入口流量,搭建实验平台。移动床吸附塔直径1 000 mm、高10 000 mm,进液管长300 mm、直径100 mm,实验中持续进液8 h。
实验中选用的树脂为201×7特种树脂,相关参数见表2
为了研究不同入口流量对移动床吸附塔内部树脂颗粒瞬态运动情况及饱和树脂颗粒的沉降情况,分别在不同入口流量下(Q=2 m3/h、4 m3/h和6 m3/h)进行实验。
不同入口流量下饱和树脂的沉降体积见图16。可以看出,当入口流量不同时,饱和树脂的沉降体积不同。在本实验条件下,在入口流量为4 m3/h时,单位时间内饱和树脂的沉降体积最大。在此流量下,移动床吸附塔内树脂颗粒均匀分布且树脂颗粒床层保持动态稳定,流体中的离子能与树脂颗粒充分接触反应,吸附效率较高。根据现场测量,1 h内约沉降0.115 m3饱和树脂。本实验原液中铀质量浓度为1 g/L,尾液中铀平均质量浓度为28 mg/L,吸附效率在95%以上,达到了工艺设计要求。通过实验结果与仿真结果对比分析,发现两者之间具有较高的一致性,证明了所构建模型的可靠性与实用性。
树脂颗粒在移动床吸附塔中受力复杂,其运动情况及饱和树脂的沉降情况复杂,运用欧拉双流体模型和Edem可以较为准确地模拟其运动轨迹。通过仿真及实验对其过程进行模拟,得到以下结论:
1)当Q=4 m3/h时,树脂颗粒在塔内分布均匀,能在移动床吸附塔上部区域形成相对稳定的树脂床层结构,有利于提高树脂颗粒的吸附效率。1 min内饱和树脂的沉降体积约为2.083×10-3m3
2)当Q=4 m3/h时,饱和树脂的沉降体积最大。实验结果与仿真结果具有较高的一致性,确认了模型的可靠性和实用性。
附录部分:物理量名称及符号表
εl—液相体积分数
ρl— 液体密度,kg/m3
vs—液体速度矢量,m/s
εs—颗粒相体积分数
ρs—颗粒密度,kg/m3
vs—颗粒速度矢量,m/s
pl—液相压力,Pa
τl—液相应力张量,Pa
μl—液相黏度,Pa·s
I—单位矢量
ps—颗粒相压力,Pa
τs—颗粒相应力张量,Pa
β—液固相间曳力系数,kg·m3/s
ξs—颗粒相动力黏度,Pa·s
g—重力加速度,m/s2
θ—颗粒拟温度,m2/s2
g0—颗粒径向分布函数
μs—颗粒相剪切黏度,Pa·s
dp—颗粒直径,m
e—干颗粒法向恢复系数
βGidaspow—液固相间曳力系数,kg·m3/s
Cd—单颗粒曳力系数
Re—雷诺数
  • 2022年铀业自主科研项目(优溶渣中铀钍高效提取技术研究)
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.08
  • 接收时间:2024-08-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-23
基金
2022年铀业自主科研项目(优溶渣中铀针高效提取技术研究)
2022年铀业自主科研项目(优溶渣中铀钍高效提取技术研究)
作者信息
    1 南华大学 机械工程学院, 湖南 衡阳 421001
    2 南华大学 资源环境与安全工程学院, 湖南 衡阳 421001
    3 湖南中核金原新材料有限责任公司, 湖南 衡阳 421002

通讯作者:

雷泽勇(1962—),男,湖南邵阳人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为铀矿溶浸采冶设备及工艺的研究开发。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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