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Article(id=1147999691872133887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999688122430098, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)02-0109-10, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634055344, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1747670400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634055344, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634055344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634055344, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999688122430098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634054451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123795578, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179413939365491632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999688122430098, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179413939365491633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999688122430098, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=109, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999692190901026, articleId=1147999691872133887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Application and Control Optimization of Electric Control Valve in 76Ge Isotope Process, columnId=1175805041752556213, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=MINING AND HYDROMETALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The electric control valve in the 76Ge isotope production process is controlled by the PID module of the DCS (Distributed Control System) to regulate the internal pressure of the cascade pipeline. However, when the pressure of the process system fluctuates greatly, the existing control method of electric valve can not achieve the optimal control effect, which leads to the controlled process pressure exceeding the operating safety limit and has a serious adverse impact on the safe and stable operation of the process system. Aiming at the problem of weak control performance of electric valve under abnormal pressure, this paper put forward a control scheme to optimize DCS control configuration program of electric valve. Actual operation shows that the optimized control program avoids significant fluctuations in process pressure under abnormal conditions, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the 76Ge isotope production line.

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在76Ge同位素生产工艺中,电动调节阀是通过DCS(Distributed Control System)的PID模块来控制,从而实现级联管线内部压力的自动调节;但当工艺系统出现较大压力波动时,现有的电动调节阀控制方法,无法达到最优的控制效果,导致被控工艺压力超出运行安全限值,对工艺系统的安全稳定运行产生了严重不良影响。本研究针对目前电动调节阀在压力异常情况下控制性能较弱问题,提出了对电动调节阀的DCS控制组态程序进行优化的控制方案。实际运行表明,优化后的控制程序避免了异常情况下工艺压力出现较大波动的现象,有力地保障了76Ge同位素生产线的安全平稳运行。

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焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

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焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

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焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

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Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2023, 42(1):46-54 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Application of DCS control system in 76Ge isotope centrifugal separation plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499330416980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=4, pageStart=50, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=李春丽, 杨玉洁, 李瑞远, journalName=盐科学与化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李春丽, 杨玉洁, 李瑞远. DCS控制系统在氯压机上的应用[J]. 盐科学与化工, 2018, 47(4):50-52., articleTitle=DCS控制系统在氯压机上的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499397525845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=4, pageStart=50, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=LI Chunli, YANG Yujie, LI Ruiyuan, journalName=Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Chunli, YANG Yujie, LI Ruiyuan. Application of DCS control system in chlorine pressure machine[J]. Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(4):50-52 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Application of DCS control system in chlorine pressure machine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499464634710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=黄福彦, 陆绮荣, 程大方, journalName=自动化仪表, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄福彦, 陆绮荣, 程大方. 集散控制系统网络结构的研究[J]. 自动化仪表, 2010, 31(1):10-12., articleTitle=集散控制系统网络结构的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499548520791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=HUANG Fuyan, LU Yirong, CHENG Dafang, journalName=Process Automation Instrumentation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Fuyan, LU Yirong, CHENG Dafang. Research on network structure of DCS[J]. Process Automation Instrumentation, 2010, 31(1):10-12 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Research on network structure of DCS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499607241048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=35, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=寇丽, journalName=过滤与分离, refType=null, unstructuredReference=寇丽. DCS系统在离心工程中的应用[J]. 过滤与分离, 2013, 23(4):35-38., articleTitle=DCS系统在离心工程中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499674349913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=35, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=KOU Li, journalName=Journal of Filtration & Separation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOU Li. The Application of the system of DCS in centrifugal project[J]. Journal of Filtration & Separation, 2013, 23(4):35-38 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=The Application of the system of DCS in centrifugal project, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499733070170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=3, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=梁长志, journalName=自动化与仪器仪表, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁长志. 工业锅炉DCS控制系统设计研究[J]. 自动化与仪器仪表, 2012(1):3-5., articleTitle=工业锅炉DCS控制系统设计研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499800179035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=3, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LIANG Changzhi, journalName=Automation & Instrumentation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Changzhi. A brief analyse on DCS control system of industrial bailer[J]. Automation & Instrumentation, 2012(1):3-5 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=A brief analyse on DCS control system of industrial bailer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499867287900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=邓红霞, journalName=DCS集散控制系统设计组态及应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓红霞. DCS集散控制系统设计组态及应用[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483499946979677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=106, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=孙建祥, journalName=山东工业技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙建祥. 基于中控ECS-700 DCS实现控制回路自控率的实时统计[J]. 山东工业技术, 2021(6):106-110., articleTitle=基于中控ECS-700 DCS实现控制回路自控率的实时统计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483500005699934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=106, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=SUN Jianxiang, journalName=Journal of Shandong Industrial Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Jianxiang. Based on supcon ECS-700 DCS to calculate real-time statistics of the automatic loop state[J]. Journal of Shandong Industrial Technology, 2021(6):106-110 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Based on supcon ECS-700 DCS to calculate real-time statistics of the automatic loop state, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483500064420191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=47, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=郭忠良, 侯佳宁, 贾朝阳, journalName=橡塑技术与装备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭忠良, 侯佳宁, 贾朝阳. 浙江中控ECS-700系列在挤压机中的应用[J]. 橡塑技术与装备, 2020, 46(12):47-50., articleTitle=浙江中控ECS-700系列在挤压机中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483500123140448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=47, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=GUO Zhongliang, HOU Jianing, JIA Chaoyang, journalName=China Rubber/Plastics Technology and Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Zhongliang, HOU Jianing, JIA Chaoyang. Application of Zhejiang supcon ECS-700 series in extruder[J]. China Rubber/Plastics Technology and Equipment, 2020, 46(12):47-50 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Application of Zhejiang supcon ECS-700 series in extruder, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483500177666401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=79, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=焦大伟, journalName=中国石油和化工标准与质量, refType=null, unstructuredReference=焦大伟. DCS自控仪表系统的运行管理[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2019, 39(4):79-80., articleTitle=DCS自控仪表系统的运行管理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179483500232192354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=79, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=JIAO Dawei, journalName=China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIAO Dawei. Operation management of DCS automatic control instrument system[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality, 2019, 39(4):79-80 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Operation management of DCS automatic control instrument system, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1179483494276280587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179483494284669196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, companyId=1179483494276280587, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Cangzhou Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd., CNNC, Cangzhou 061001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179483494293057805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, companyId=1179483494276280587, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中核燃料沧州有限公司, 河北 沧州 061001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1179483495526183197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Logical relationships between 76Ge production process subsystems, figureFileSmall=C2VCRTo22TcML3QXvQwyjw==, figureFileBig=bwJtPRZRqdMDfVewCzmW9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483495643623710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图1, caption=76Ge生产工艺各子系统间的逻辑关系, figureFileSmall=C2VCRTo22TcML3QXvQwyjw==, figureFileBig=bwJtPRZRqdMDfVewCzmW9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483495723315487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Working principle of electric control valve, figureFileSmall=stGrW+xYysY2OH8s/qOinA==, figureFileBig=TQUjYGBIsOrswjd4BRQuYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483495777841440, 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figureFileSmall=cnEq4vXuUahKQBw6Chqf/A==, figureFileBig=vLZdlBplS7dztarEor1HbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496046276900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图4, caption=离散式PI控制结构, figureFileSmall=cnEq4vXuUahKQBw6Chqf/A==, figureFileBig=vLZdlBplS7dztarEor1HbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496113385765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Topology of control system, figureFileSmall=vCD3xWCkAqT01jf5ytRt3w==, figureFileBig=vIabRbmomq+HMgsvc/Eo3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496172106022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图5, caption=控制系统拓扑图, figureFileSmall=vCD3xWCkAqT01jf5ytRt3w==, figureFileBig=vIabRbmomq+HMgsvc/Eo3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496272769319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Monitoring configuration interface of electric control valve, figureFileSmall=ygpZxzaGROdaCOlJaBwcyQ==, figureFileBig=dCnAqVGJ741bCgT5mSf0ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496331489576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图6, caption=电动调节阀监控组态界面, figureFileSmall=ygpZxzaGROdaCOlJaBwcyQ==, figureFileBig=dCnAqVGJ741bCgT5mSf0ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496398598441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=PID function panel of electric control valve, figureFileSmall=El3NqMw7Mwytu4UwneQAcw==, figureFileBig=w1pYMhNrWXpyosPSMNlTQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496453124394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图7, caption=电动调节阀PID功能面板, figureFileSmall=El3NqMw7Mwytu4UwneQAcw==, figureFileBig=w1pYMhNrWXpyosPSMNlTQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496516038955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Configuration program of electric control valve, figureFileSmall=ecPILQIoZ1AlOvymjmACLg==, figureFileBig=S6bgXqLD9WoVgNJ+ujUbzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496578953516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图8, caption=电动调节阀组态程序, figureFileSmall=ecPILQIoZ1AlOvymjmACLg==, figureFileBig=S6bgXqLD9WoVgNJ+ujUbzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496658645293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Diagram of the installation position of the feeding electric control valve, figureFileSmall=4Qnka8Ja/w3JWjiMUWOYpQ==, figureFileBig=OaRbH7MW8+ydGMNbbJU/Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496717365550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图9, caption=供料电动调节阀安装位置示意图, figureFileSmall=4Qnka8Ja/w3JWjiMUWOYpQ==, figureFileBig=OaRbH7MW8+ydGMNbbJU/Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496784474415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Response trend of electric control valve control, figureFileSmall=7yAaTMmqHI3+fBxx4JFcSg==, figureFileBig=7QZER9O4GSSzS+EYFhfpRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496897720624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图10, caption=电动调节阀控制响应趋势, figureFileSmall=7yAaTMmqHI3+fBxx4JFcSg==, figureFileBig=7QZER9O4GSSzS+EYFhfpRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483496956440881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Response trend of electric regulating valve under abnormal pressure, figureFileSmall=ARRXT6E6mYhiq/XCWOSgog==, figureFileBig=adoUySR91Y9KWRTFse+IMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483497010966834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图11, caption=电动调节阀在异常压力下的响应趋势, figureFileSmall=ARRXT6E6mYhiq/XCWOSgog==, figureFileBig=adoUySR91Y9KWRTFse+IMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483497065492787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Configuration program optimization of electric control valve, figureFileSmall=lyaVjoNl9JYcjF9i3ZJDbA==, figureFileBig=tJdrhmjNsA5m46zQI5c02Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483497132601652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=图12, caption=电动调节阀组态程序优化, figureFileSmall=lyaVjoNl9JYcjF9i3ZJDbA==, figureFileBig=tJdrhmjNsA5m46zQI5c02Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179483497203904821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Description of function block

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 描述 功能说明
PC_Z4101_1.BKOUT
PC_Z4101_2.BKOUT		 输入参数 1#、2#电动调节阀反馈值输入
PC_Z4101_1.BKOUTERR
PC_Z4101_2.BKOUTERR		 输入参数 1#、2#电动调节阀反馈状态输入
PIRSA_Z4104_1.PV
PIRSA_Z4104_2.PV		 输入参数 压力传感器实时测量值
PIRSA_Z4104_1.ERR
PIRSA_Z4104_2.ERR		 输入参数 传感器实时测量值为非故障状态
PC_Z4101_1.IN
PC_Z4101_2.IN		 输出参数 1#、2#电动调节阀控制输出值
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497283596598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

功能块说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 描述 功能说明
PC_Z4101_1.BKOUT
PC_Z4101_2.BKOUT		 输入参数 1#、2#电动调节阀反馈值输入
PC_Z4101_1.BKOUTERR
PC_Z4101_2.BKOUTERR		 输入参数 1#、2#电动调节阀反馈状态输入
PIRSA_Z4104_1.PV
PIRSA_Z4104_2.PV		 输入参数 压力传感器实时测量值
PIRSA_Z4104_1.ERR
PIRSA_Z4104_2.ERR		 输入参数 传感器实时测量值为非故障状态
PC_Z4101_1.IN
PC_Z4101_2.IN		 输出参数 1#、2#电动调节阀控制输出值
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497346511159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of PID control module

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名称 设定值 参考范围 正/反作用
P(比例) 65% 30~100 反作用(压力偏高时,
关小电动调节阀)
I(积分) 30 s 18~60
D(微分) 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497438785849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PID控制模块参数

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名称 设定值 参考范围 正/反作用
P(比例) 65% 30~100 反作用(压力偏高时,
关小电动调节阀)
I(积分) 30 s 18~60
D(微分) 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497514283322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameters of electric control valve

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时间/s PV/kPa SV/kPa
1 4.229 4.500
2 4.335 4.500
3 4.553 4.500
4 4.501 4.500
5 4.455 4.500
6 4.515 4.500
7 4.489 4.500
8 4.505 4.500
9 4.556 4.500
10 4.543 4.500
11 4.435 4.500
12 4.534 4.500
13 4.512 4.500
14 4.463 4.500
15 4.543 4.500
16 4.535 4.500
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497581392187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

电动调节阀相应参数

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时间/s PV/kPa SV/kPa
1 4.229 4.500
2 4.335 4.500
3 4.553 4.500
4 4.501 4.500
5 4.455 4.500
6 4.515 4.500
7 4.489 4.500
8 4.505 4.500
9 4.556 4.500
10 4.543 4.500
11 4.435 4.500
12 4.534 4.500
13 4.512 4.500
14 4.463 4.500
15 4.543 4.500
16 4.535 4.500
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497652695356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameter optimization of PID control function module

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名称 类型 初值 修改值
MV高限值 REAL 100.00 100.00
MV低限值 REAL 0 0
MV输出速率变化限幅值 REAL 100.00 10.00
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497732387133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

PID控制功能模块参数优化

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名称 类型 初值 修改值
MV高限值 REAL 100.00 100.00
MV低限值 REAL 0 0
MV输出速率变化限幅值 REAL 100.00 10.00
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497803690302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Optimization description of function block

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功能模块 名称 功能说明
DEE 滞后功能块 延时功能
SUB 减法模块 将2个输入为REAL类型的数值进行修正并相减
ABS 取绝对值功能块 将输入为REAL类型的数值进行取绝对值功能
GE 比较功能块 实现2个REAL类型数据的大于等于比较判断
AND 与功能块 对2个BOOL型的变量进行逻辑与运算
OR8 8路或功能块 对8个BOOL型的变量进行或运算
DS 数字开关功能块 根据选择开关SW的值指定输出两个BOOL型输入中的一个
TRIG 边沿触发功能块 根据输入的变化状态输出一个持续时间为一个程序周期的脉冲
PVDI 开关量指示功能块 用于设置一个BOOL型输入的状态报警
PIC_Z4101_1.MM 开度值 1#电动调节阀的输出开度
PIC_Z4101_1.SWAM 手动/自动切换值 1#电动调节阀的控制方式切换
PIRCA_Z4101_1.PV 压力测量值 压力传感器实时测量值
PIRCA_Z4101_1.ERR 压力测量故障 断线故障指示
), ArticleFig(id=1179483497887576383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999691872133887, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

功能块参数优化说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能模块 名称 功能说明
DEE 滞后功能块 延时功能
SUB 减法模块 将2个输入为REAL类型的数值进行修正并相减
ABS 取绝对值功能块 将输入为REAL类型的数值进行取绝对值功能
GE 比较功能块 实现2个REAL类型数据的大于等于比较判断
AND 与功能块 对2个BOOL型的变量进行逻辑与运算
OR8 8路或功能块 对8个BOOL型的变量进行或运算
DS 数字开关功能块 根据选择开关SW的值指定输出两个BOOL型输入中的一个
TRIG 边沿触发功能块 根据输入的变化状态输出一个持续时间为一个程序周期的脉冲
PVDI 开关量指示功能块 用于设置一个BOOL型输入的状态报警
PIC_Z4101_1.MM 开度值 1#电动调节阀的输出开度
PIC_Z4101_1.SWAM 手动/自动切换值 1#电动调节阀的控制方式切换
PIRCA_Z4101_1.PV 压力测量值 压力传感器实时测量值
PIRCA_Z4101_1.ERR 压力测量故障 断线故障指示
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电动调节阀在76Ge同位素工艺中的应用及控制优化
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焦振华
铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025,44(2): 109-118
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025, 44(2): 109-118
电动调节阀在76Ge同位素工艺中的应用及控制优化
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焦振华
作者信息
  • 中核燃料沧州有限公司, 河北 沧州 061001

    • 焦振华(1977—),男,河南虞城人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地球探测与信息技术工作。

Application and Control Optimization of Electric Control Valve in 76Ge Isotope Process
Zhenhua JIAO
Affiliations
  • Cangzhou Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd., CNNC, Cangzhou 061001, China
出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.06
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摘要
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在76Ge同位素生产工艺中,电动调节阀是通过DCS(Distributed Control System)的PID模块来控制,从而实现级联管线内部压力的自动调节;但当工艺系统出现较大压力波动时,现有的电动调节阀控制方法,无法达到最优的控制效果,导致被控工艺压力超出运行安全限值,对工艺系统的安全稳定运行产生了严重不良影响。本研究针对目前电动调节阀在压力异常情况下控制性能较弱问题,提出了对电动调节阀的DCS控制组态程序进行优化的控制方案。实际运行表明,优化后的控制程序避免了异常情况下工艺压力出现较大波动的现象,有力地保障了76Ge同位素生产线的安全平稳运行。

76Ge同位素  /  电动调节阀  /  DCS  /  PID  /  组态程序

The electric control valve in the 76Ge isotope production process is controlled by the PID module of the DCS (Distributed Control System) to regulate the internal pressure of the cascade pipeline. However, when the pressure of the process system fluctuates greatly, the existing control method of electric valve can not achieve the optimal control effect, which leads to the controlled process pressure exceeding the operating safety limit and has a serious adverse impact on the safe and stable operation of the process system. Aiming at the problem of weak control performance of electric valve under abnormal pressure, this paper put forward a control scheme to optimize DCS control configuration program of electric valve. Actual operation shows that the optimized control program avoids significant fluctuations in process pressure under abnormal conditions, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the 76Ge isotope production line.

76Ge isotope  /  electric control valve  /  DCS  /  PID  /  configuration program
焦振华. 电动调节阀在76Ge同位素工艺中的应用及控制优化. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (2) : 109 -118 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.06
Zhenhua JIAO. Application and Control Optimization of Electric Control Valve in 76Ge Isotope Process[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (2) : 109 -118 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.06
正文
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76Ge作为探测器的重要原材料,在科研探测中的作用至关重要。目前,锗同位素的生产厂商多集中在欧美、俄罗斯等地[1]。中国清华大学工程物理系技术物理研究所以四氟化锗为介质通过气体离心法,进行了锗同位素的分离研究[2]。但国内利用气体离心法分离锗同位素的工程应用不多,尚未形成锗同位素的大规模工业化生产能力。为满足清华大学在探测器研制中对丰度86%以上的76Ge产品的需求,中核燃料沧州有限公司建立了国内首个采用气体离心法生产76Ge同位素的工厂,并引入在石化、化工、电力等其他领域应用相对成熟的DCS控制系统[3-4]。
在76Ge同位素分离过程中,各级干管压力对分离设备的载荷有很大的影响,载荷较低时,级联效率较低;载荷较高时,可能会引起分离设备故障。为保障分离设备安全运行并使各级流量符合理想流量分布,需要在级联上加装压力调节装置,控制级联流场。在早期的浓缩级联中,用于压力调节的设备是流量调节器,其运行需要压力稳定、清洁的压缩空气作为动力;流量调节器还需要零位系统提供调节基准,同时增加了系统的复杂性和运行成本。随着控制方法的进步和机电技术的发展,采用机电控制技术的电动调节阀应运而生,因其具有控制灵活、能耗低、易维护等特点,在压力调节领域受到广泛青睐。在76Ge同位素分离过程中,压力调节装置采用了电动调节阀作为主要的压力控制设备;通过DCS控制系统,在中央控制室实现电动调节阀的远程自动控制,实现了对工艺管道内运行的四氟化锗工作气体介质压力的实时控制,具有良好的稳态控制精度、响应速度。
76Ge同位素分离系统引入电动调节阀以来,取得了较好的运行效果;但在工艺系统出现较大异常压力波动时,目前电动调节阀PID控制程序无法达到最优的控制效果,导致被控压力超出运行安全限值,对工艺系统的安全稳定运行造成了严重不良影响。为此,通过对电动调节阀运行异常情况进行分析,提出了对电动调节阀的DCS控制组态程序优化的控制方案,以期实现较好的控制效果。
1 76Ge同位素生产工艺简介
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离心法生产76Ge同位素的工艺级联系统以GeF4为分离介质,经过稳旋机离心分离,生产出丰度96%以上的76Ge产品。其生产工艺过程为:将装有GeF4的原料容器,通过专用运输车运至供料区域,连接管线,保证工艺管道的真空度合格;原料经一级减压阀减压、缓冲罐稳压,再经电动调节阀二级减压后,以恒定的流量和压力连续可靠地供向离心级联系统;由离心级联分离出的产品,经增压泵加压后,进入处于液氮(-196℃)冷冻的产品取料容器中;当产品容器装料量达到一定值时,切换到投冷备用的产品取料容器,继续收料;装满物料的取料容器自然升温至室温,倒料完毕,将容器取出,称重复验后运出厂房。整个分离工艺系统包括离心级联、料流系统、气体辅助系统、供取料系统[5],各子系统之间的逻辑关系见图1。
2 电动调节阀PID闭环调节原理
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2.1 电动调节阀工作原理
电动调节阀工作原理见图2。当电动调节阀工作时,将输入设定值(SV)与系统反馈的实时测量值(PV)进行比较,产生偏差信号;以偏差信号作为调节器模块的输入信号,经过运算后,控制模块向执行机构发送电动调节阀开度控制指令,阀执行机构按照信号指令调节控制对象;然后再经过测量变送器将实时测量值反馈给控制模块,从而实现对被控对象的控制[6]。
2.2 电动调节阀控制方式
电动调节阀的控制模块为常规的PI控制模块。PI控制是一种在工业生产控制中广泛应用的控制方法,在模拟控制系统中PI控制系统的原理框图见图3。
PI控制属于线性控制,以系统给定值[r(t)]与实际输出值[c(t)]的差值作为控制偏差[e(t)],通过对控制偏差进行比例、积分运算,将结果合成后作为输出控制量,比例环节主要将系统偏差按照比例系数进行放大;系统只要存在偏差,控制器立即对其进行控制,以减小偏差。积分环节的主要作用是消除控制过程中的余差,提高系统的稳态精度值[7]。当偏差信号产生时,控制信号会不断增加,从而消除偏差;当偏差信号逐渐缩小时,控制信号也逐渐趋于恒定。其控制过程以传递函数[8-10]表示为
$\mathrm{G}\left(\mathrm{s}\right)=U\left(\mathrm{s}\right)/E\left(\mathrm{s}\right)={K}_{\mathrm{p}}(1+1/{T}_{\mathrm{i}}\mathrm{s}),$
式中:G(s)为传递函数;U(s)为输出值;E(s)为系统偏差;Kp为比例控制环节系数;Ti为积分控制时间常数。
在76Ge同位素工艺系统中,电动调节阀的PI控制采用中控DCS系统中的PID功能模块,该功能模块是一种数字式PI控制器,对于式(1),以k个采样时间kt表示连续时间t,用和式等效积分可得离散PI表达式[11]为
U(k)=KpE(k)+Kp∑E(k),
式中:k为采用序号;U(k)为第k次采样的输出值;E(k)为第k次采样的偏差值。
将其写成传递函数形式为
G(z)=U(z)/E(z)=Kp+Ki/(1-z-1),
式中:G(z)为z的传递函数;U(z)为输出值;E(z)为系统偏差;Kp为比例控制环节系数;Ki为控制器的积分调节系数。其控制结构见图4。
3 工艺恒压力控制系统
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3.1 控制结构
恒压力控制系统通过DCS实现工艺压力的自动调节。76Ge同位素分离工艺的DCS系统分为3层网络结构:监控层由工程师站、操作员站、数据服务器、打印设备等组成,监控层设备放置在中央控制室内,通过工业以太网进行连接;过程控制层设备包括过程站机柜、网络交换机、光缆,采用现场总线与采集层设备进行连接;现场设备层通过不同类型的仪表采集现场管道上的压力、温度、流向、液位等参数及电动真空阀、电动调节阀、增压泵等执行机构的运行状态[12-14]。控制系统拓扑图见图5。
3.2 电动调节阀控制组态
DCS组态程序是76Ge同位素分离控制系统的核心。工艺系统的数据采集、处理、自动调节及联锁等功能通过组态程序来实现[15-16]。电动调节阀远程控制是通过DCS系统实现的,该系统由硬件和软件两部分组成,其中软件包括实时监控软件和组态软件。DCS系统通过运行服务器中的控制组态程序来实现对电动调节阀开度的控制,从而达到对管道压力或流量的控制。电动调节阀的控制组态程序包括监控组态程序和控制组态程序。
3.2.1 监控组态程序
电动调节阀监控画面组态包含:工艺流程图画面、操作画面、历史趋势画面、棒状图画面等[17]。级联系统第15、16、17级电动调节阀的监控界面组态见图6。
通过监控组态,工艺人员可操作电动调节阀及查看电动调节阀状态、压力参数等信息,并通过点击电动调节阀图标进入PID操作画面(图7)。
图7给出了电动调节阀DCS系统PID功能模块的“首选项”及“PID选项”画面。从“首选项”界面,工艺操作人员可以根据当前工艺控制的需要,选择电动调节阀的控制模式:“手动”或“自动”。在“手动”工作模式下,工艺操作人员可以手动输入电动调节阀的开度值(MV)。从“PID选项”界面,工艺操作人员通过设置比例、积分、微分参数、正反作用、死区参数等功能,待电动调节阀的工作模式和PID参数整定后,即可正式投入压力调节工作。
3.2.2 控制组态程序
级联、料流及供料系统的电动调节阀控制均由DCS系统的PID模块来实现;供料系统的PID模块控制组态程序[18-19]见图8。
图8中,PIDEX为DCS系统PID扩展功能模块,它具有基于过程测量值(PV)和给定值(SV)的差值执行PID调节功能,PV显示与SV的设定均是通过PID扩展功能块对应的PID控制面板实现。PIDEX功能块的输入引脚:BKIN、BKINERR、PV分别对应的输入参数为电动调节阀开度反馈值、反馈状态、压力传感器测量值,其中:电动调节阀开度反馈值、反馈状态值的作用是检测电调阀的工作状态是否正常,只有在电调阀工作正常的前提下,PID功能块才输出开度指令;压力传感器测量值用于读取闭环控制的测量值。经过PID模块计算后,功能块的输出引脚MV输出开、关电动调节阀的开度指令。模块中的输入输出参数说明见表1。
4 电动调节阀应用效果
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在76Ge同位素分离工艺过程中,电动调节阀被应用于离心级联、料流系统、供取料系统工艺压力的自动调节,以确保各系统压力控制在工艺要求的范围内。DCS通过对现场压力变送器采集的工艺参数信息进行分析计算,来控制电动调节阀的运行。下面以供料压力电动调节阀装置为例进行说明。
4.1 供料压力电动调节阀安装地点
供料压力电动调节阀安装于供料流上,与孔板共同控制供入级联的物料流量,将供料压力控制在工艺要求范围内,见图9。可以看出,电动调节阀安装在缓冲罐后端的一用一备2条供料管线上,分别与2个压力传感器组成闭环控制回路。
4.2 PID控制功能模块的参数整定
在电动调节阀控制过程中,除DCS组态程序外,还需要对DCS系统中的PID控制功能模块的参数进行现场整定。76Ge同位素分离工艺过程中,采用经验整定法来确定PID参数值。先用单纯的比例(P)作用,寻找合适的比例度P,然后再加入积分(I)作用。由于积分作用将使振荡加剧,因此在加入积分作用前,先减弱比例作用,再调整积分时间。根据控制作用对过程变化曲线的影响来改变相应的控制参数,经反复试值,直到获得满意的控制效果为止。供料电动调节阀的PID参数设定值见表2。
4.3 应用效果
4.3.1 正常情况响应趋势
以供料干管上的电动调节阀(位号PIC_Z4101_1)为例加以说明,在PID参数设定的情况下,从DCS监控组态画面的历史趋势数据库中,提取一定时间范围内的压力变送器的实时测量数据(表3),通过MATLAB绘制电动调节阀的变化趋势图。在一定时间范围内,电动调节阀后供料压力在线实时测量值(PV)正常时,在设定压力值(SV=4.500)下的远控自控调节的相应变化趋势见图10。
由图10可看出,当供料干管上的PV高于SV时,PID功能模块进行反作用调节,通过开度指令使得电动调节阀开度逐渐变小,经过一段时间调节,供料压力逐渐接近SV;当压力变送器的测量PV低于SV时,在PID功能模块调节下,电动调节阀的开度逐渐变大,供料干管上的供料压力再次接近设定值。供料干管内压力变化曲线呈现波峰、波谷交替变化,电动调节阀开度也相应变化。
4.3.2 异常情况响应趋势
在正常情况下,电动调节阀在DCS系统的PI控制方式可及时自动调节供料干管、级联系统及料流系统管道内的压力,保证工艺正常生产的工况要求,运行效果良好。但通过76Ge同位素浓缩工艺的运行发现,在系统出现较大的压力波动时:1)机组、料流异常关闭;2)计划检修时关闭机组产生的向贫料端部机组逐渐放大的流体扰动;3)压力变送器的供电柜故障停电、供电柜检修过程中人为操作失误导致仪表失电、压力变送器电源接线松动、压力变送器本身测量元器件故障、压力变送器取压管堵塞、压力变送器零点漂移等情况下,压力变送器测量值出现较大测量误差。在上述任意一种情况出现时,电动调节阀控制工艺管道内的压力均不能达到理想的控制效果。主要表现为在工艺控制点压力快速上升时,电动调节阀的实际开度变化滞后,电动阀门的控制开度过调较大,造成控制压力值超出运行安全限值的情况。
如供料系统干管上的压力变送器出现故障,其测量值偏离正常压力值时,使PID调节后的压力变送器测量反馈值始终低于压力设定值,DCS的PID功能模块不断输出开度指令,电动调节阀的开度不断增加,工艺控制点压力快速上升和电动阀的控制开度过调较大,造成控制压力值超出运行安全限值[20](图11)。为了及时将压力控制在安全范围内,避免因压力事故保护动作造成卸料,或因此引起主机损坏等事故,就需要通过手动控制电动调节阀,适当提前增加或减小电动调节阀开度,将机组压力向料流平衡。这样一方面增加了人工在紧急情况下的操作难度;另一方面,由于人工控制效果有很大的主观性,容易因判断失误使压力控制的波动进一步增大,增加了系统运行的安全风险,容易使异常影响扩大,带来经济、设备等方面的损失。在这种情况下,原有的PID功能模块的控制程序不再是最优的控制方式,需要对电动调节阀的控制方法进一步优化,以提高其对压力控制的可靠性。
由图11可看出,当反馈压力值一直低于正常压力值时,PID调节后的反馈压力值与系统设定值始终存在偏差,电动调节阀持续接收到开指令,其开度不断增加,导致供料干管压力不断上升,进一步引起级联管道内供料、贫料的压力不断上升。
5 电动调节阀的DCS控制优化
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电动调节阀的DCS控制优化包括PID控制功能模块参数优化和PID控制模块的控制组态程序优化。
5.1 PID控制功能模块参数优化
在满足工艺正常工况压力调节要求的情况下,将电动调节阀工作模式设定在自动状态下,将PID控制功能块的控制参数MV的值由最大变化100%的开度(变化速率)优化为MV最大变化10%的开度(表4),经DCS系统程序在线下载和组态发布后,可有效防止因电动调节阀开度过大而导致供料干管压力值远超于正常工况供料压力值情况发生。
5.2 PID控制模块的组态程序优化
在原有电动调节阀控制组态程序(图8)的基础上进行功能加固,控制方式优化:1)电动调节阀在自动状态下,当电动调节阀关联的压力传感器测量值每秒变化超过0.5 kPa(含正跳变和负跳变)时,电动调节阀切换为手动模式;2)电动调节阀在自动状态下,当电动调节阀每秒变化超过5%(含正跳变和负跳变)时,电动调节阀切换为手动模式,由远控自动工作模式,变为工艺人员可以远控手动模式,防止供料干管压力持续上升。组态程序见图12。模块中的参数说明见表5。
实际运行表明,当压力传感器测量值出现异常情况时,电动调节阀在优化程序控制下,由自动调节控制方式自动切换为手动控制模式,工艺操作人员在手动远控模式下,手动控制电动调节阀开度,从而实现较好的压力控制。
6 结论
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通过对电动调节阀的DCS控制程序进行优化,实现了电动调节阀控制性能的进一步提升,在压力出现较大波动时,电动调节阀在优化后的程序控制下能够及时将异常波动的压力控制在安全范围内,从而避免因压力事故保护动作造成级联卸料或主机损坏等事故,同时降低了人工在紧急情况下的操作难度,缩短了工艺系统恢复正常工况压力的时间,为76Ge同位素生产线的可靠性、安全性、经济性运行提供了有力地保障。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.08.06
  • 接收时间：2024-08-12
  • 首发时间：2025-07-04
  • 出版时间：2025-05-20
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    中核燃料沧州有限公司, 河北 沧州 061001
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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