Article(id=1147999686956413505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, articleNumber=1000-8063(2025)01-0042-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.05, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716825600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634054172, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634054172, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634054172, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634054172, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999683156370319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2025', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634053267, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123824852, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179414062141158322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999683156370319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=42, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999687413592658, articleId=1147999686956413505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Study on the Mining Method of Multi-layer Ore for an In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine, columnId=1175805041752556213, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=MINING AND HYDROMETALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For a multi-layer sandstone-type uranium ore in an in-situ leaching uranium mine in Inner Mongolia, four experimental methods of layered injection and layered extraction, layered injection and mixed extraction, mixed injection and layered extraction, mixed injection and mixed extraction were designed. The amount of injected liquid, leaching situation, advantages and disadvantages of each schemes were analyzed. The feasibility of single well layered injection was explored, and the key technology of single well layered extraction was solved. The results show that the layered injection and layered extraction method has the fastest increase in uranium concentration of the leachate, the best leaching effect, and lower construction cost, which has good application and promotion prospects.

, correspAuthors=Xiaokui LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rile HU, Xiaokui LIU, Bo ZHANG, Junpeng CAO, Nan LI, Zhiyu TIAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1147999691964412901, articleId=1147999686956413505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=CN, title=某地浸采铀矿山多层矿开采方法研究, columnId=1175805041991631542, journalTitle=铀矿冶, columnName=开采·选冶, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对内蒙古某多层砂岩型铀矿体,设计了分层注-分层抽开采、分层注-混合抽开采、混合注-分层抽开采和混合注-混合抽开采4种试验方案,对各组试验的抽注液量、浸出情况及优缺点等进行了分析,探究了单井分层注液的可行性,突破了单井分层抽注液的关键技术。结果表明,分层注-分层抽开采方案的浸出液铀质量浓度上升速度最快,浸出效果最好,施工成本较低,具有较好的推广应用前景。

, correspAuthors=刘晓奎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘晓奎(1992—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事地浸采铀生产工作。
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呼日乐(1989—),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,学士,工程师,主要从事地浸采铀生产工作。

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呼日乐(1989—),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,学士,工程师,主要从事地浸采铀生产工作。

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呼日乐(1989—),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,学士,工程师,主要从事地浸采铀生产工作。

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Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2014, 33(3):121-125+129 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Application of layered gravel-filling hole structure for in-situ leaching of multilayer sandstone uranium deposit, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1179340642640605433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999686956413505, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179340642648994042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999686956413505, companyId=1179340642640605433, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Tongliao Uranium Co., Ltd., CNNC, Tongliao 028000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179340642657382651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999686956413505, companyId=1179340642640605433, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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figureFileSmall=sRzZ8ugRqbdIxukMhHdPXg==, figureFileBig=wZ9Icn9QPfsBREMK19zVLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179340646218346832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999686956413505, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental unit mining parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单元 YⅠ矿层 YⅡ矿层
品位/% 厚度/m 平均平米铀量/(kg/m2) 品位/% 厚度/m 平均平米铀量/(kg/m2)
1000 0.030 0 3.0 1.92 0.030 6 4.2 2.74
2000 0.017 2 3.5 1.28 0.038 2 3.6 2.93
3000 0.020 2 2.6 1.12 0.039 9 4.8 4.08
4000 0.031 6 2.3 1.55 0.026 5 2.6 1.47
), ArticleFig(id=1179340646268678482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999686956413505, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验单元见矿参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单元 YⅠ矿层 YⅡ矿层
品位/% 厚度/m 平均平米铀量/(kg/m2) 品位/% 厚度/m 平均平米铀量/(kg/m2)
1000 0.030 0 3.0 1.92 0.030 6 4.2 2.74
2000 0.017 2 3.5 1.28 0.038 2 3.6 2.93
3000 0.020 2 2.6 1.12 0.039 9 4.8 4.08
4000 0.031 6 2.3 1.55 0.026 5 2.6 1.47
), ArticleFig(id=1179340646352564566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999686956413505, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of pumping flow rate of 4 mining methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开采方法 单元 泵频率/Hz 瞬时抽液量/(m3/h) 瞬时注液量/(m3/h) 矿层
分层注-分层抽 1000 30 5.45 4.96 YⅠ
1000A 30 5.75 5.20 YⅡ
分层注-混合抽 2000 30 7.92 4.68 YⅠ
4.50 YⅡ
混合注-分层抽 3000 30 5.22 6.89 YⅠ
3000A 30 5.32 YⅡ
混合注-混合抽 4000 30 5.03 4.89 YⅠ和YⅡ
), ArticleFig(id=1179340646411284824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999686956413505, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4种开采方法的抽注液情况对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开采方法 单元 泵频率/Hz 瞬时抽液量/(m3/h) 瞬时注液量/(m3/h) 矿层
分层注-分层抽 1000 30 5.45 4.96 YⅠ
1000A 30 5.75 5.20 YⅡ
分层注-混合抽 2000 30 7.92 4.68 YⅠ
4.50 YⅡ
混合注-分层抽 3000 30 5.22 6.89 YⅠ
3000A 30 5.32 YⅡ
混合注-混合抽 4000 30 5.03 4.89 YⅠ和YⅡ
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某地浸采铀矿山多层矿开采方法研究
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呼日乐 , 刘晓奎 , 张渤 , 曹俊鹏 , 李男 , 田志宇
铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025,44(1): 42-48
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2025, 44(1): 42-48
某地浸采铀矿山多层矿开采方法研究
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呼日乐, 刘晓奎, 张渤, 曹俊鹏, 李男, 田志宇
作者信息
  • 中核通辽铀业有限责任公司, 内蒙古 通辽 028000
  • 呼日乐(1989—),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,学士,工程师,主要从事地浸采铀生产工作。

通讯作者:

刘晓奎(1992—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事地浸采铀生产工作。
Study on the Mining Method of Multi-layer Ore for an In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine
Rile HU, Xiaokui LIU, Bo ZHANG, Junpeng CAO, Nan LI, Zhiyu TIAN
Affiliations
  • Tongliao Uranium Co., Ltd., CNNC, Tongliao 028000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.05
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针对内蒙古某多层砂岩型铀矿体,设计了分层注-分层抽开采、分层注-混合抽开采、混合注-分层抽开采和混合注-混合抽开采4种试验方案,对各组试验的抽注液量、浸出情况及优缺点等进行了分析,探究了单井分层注液的可行性,突破了单井分层抽注液的关键技术。结果表明,分层注-分层抽开采方案的浸出液铀质量浓度上升速度最快,浸出效果最好,施工成本较低,具有较好的推广应用前景。

地浸采铀  /  砂岩铀矿体  /  多层矿  /  开采方法  /  分层开采

For a multi-layer sandstone-type uranium ore in an in-situ leaching uranium mine in Inner Mongolia, four experimental methods of layered injection and layered extraction, layered injection and mixed extraction, mixed injection and layered extraction, mixed injection and mixed extraction were designed. The amount of injected liquid, leaching situation, advantages and disadvantages of each schemes were analyzed. The feasibility of single well layered injection was explored, and the key technology of single well layered extraction was solved. The results show that the layered injection and layered extraction method has the fastest increase in uranium concentration of the leachate, the best leaching effect, and lower construction cost, which has good application and promotion prospects.

in-situ leaching of uranium  /  sandstone-type uranium deposit  /  multi-layer ore  /  mining method  /  layered mining
呼日乐, 刘晓奎, 张渤, 曹俊鹏, 李男, 田志宇. 某地浸采铀矿山多层矿开采方法研究. 铀矿冶, 2025 , 44 (1) : 42 -48 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.05
Rile HU, Xiaokui LIU, Bo ZHANG, Junpeng CAO, Nan LI, Zhiyu TIAN. Study on the Mining Method of Multi-layer Ore for an In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2025 , 44 (1) : 42 -48 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.05
中国砂岩型铀矿主要采用原地浸出工艺开采。在开采过程中,经常遇到多层矿同时发育的情况,对埋深较浅、呈单层发育矿体的地浸开采技术比较成熟[1-4];对埋藏较深、多层发育的复杂铀矿资源的开采技术还有待突破[5-8]
目前,对于多层矿床的开采方法主要有:1)在每层矿体均施工1组独立的钻孔,该方法对埋藏较深的矿体而言,可能开采不经济[9-11];2)施工1组钻孔,在多层矿体发育位置分别设置过滤器,将多层矿视为1层矿进行开采,该法易造成矿层与夹在矿层之间非矿层的水力连通,使浸出液铀浓度变低,浸出效果较差[12-13]。另外,针对多层矿发育的铀矿开采技术多处于概念提出阶段,缺乏一定的试验数据支撑[14]
为提高多层矿开采的可行性和经济性,设计了分层注-分层抽开采、分层注-混合抽开采、混合注-分层抽开采和混合注-混合抽开采试验方案,并对各组试验的抽注液量、浸出情况及经济性进行评价,旨在探寻一种有效的多层矿开采技术和工艺。
试验矿床位于松辽盆地南部钱家店凹陷,含矿地层为白垩系姚家组地层,含矿地层具有可地浸砂岩型铀矿特征的泥-砂-泥结构。矿体主要为四层含矿矿体,砂体形态简单,厚度及砂泥比相对稳定。各矿层之间以稳定泥岩隔水层为界,含矿含水层岩性主要由河流相沉积的红色、灰色细砂岩及少量中粗、粗砂岩构成。
姚家组含水层为施工区域内主要的含矿含水层,该组地层在矿床内埋深一般为296~445 m,厚度一般为210~240 m,平均厚度为230 m。含矿含水层具有稳定的区域性隔水顶、底板;含水层砂体以细碎屑岩为主,地下水位埋深大,具有较强承压性。含矿含水层与其他含水层无水力联系,含水层厚度适中。
地下水类型主要有松散岩类孔隙水和碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水,水量丰富,水质较好,在矿床内稳定分布,埋深大;赋存的地下水为承压水,水位埋深为2.18~5.87 m,承压水头为285.82~313.82 m。涌水量为0.96~3.82 L/s,水位降深为8.17~75.30 m,单位涌水量为0.029~0.133 L/(s·m),含矿含水层渗透系数为0.08~0.49 m/d。
内蒙古某地浸采铀矿山在开拓时,部分钻孔同时揭露了YⅠ和YⅡ矿层,YⅠ矿层埋深为400~420 m,YⅡ矿层埋深为375~3 900 m,且部分单元2层矿体同时发育较好。为了探究多层矿开采的可行性、经济性及资源利用率,针对同时见矿较好的单元,进行开采方案研究。试验点选择见图1
选择YⅠ和YⅡ矿层同时见矿较好的单元,开展分层注-分层抽开采、分层注-混合抽开采、混合注-分层抽开采和混合注-混合抽开采试验。
选择1000单元开展分层注-分层抽开采试验。该方案通过施工一组注液井,对上下2个矿层同时建造过滤器,利用封隔器将上部矿层和下部矿层隔离,下部矿层通过与封隔器连接的注液管道实现注液,上部矿体在距孔口150 m处直接进行注液;抽液系统通过施工1000和1000 A不在同一层位的2个抽液井进行抽液,1000抽液井在YⅠ矿层建造过滤器,1000A抽液井在YⅡ矿层建造过滤器。实施方案见图2
选择2000单元开展分层注-混合抽开采试验。该方案的注液井采用分层注-分层抽开采方案单组井分层注液方式,抽液井对2个矿层同时建造过滤器,采用潜水泵进行混抽。实施方案见图3
选择3000单元开展混合注-分层抽开采试验。该方案的注液井对2个矿层同时建造过滤器,注液管下放至2个矿层中间,同时向2个矿层注液;施工3000和3000A抽液井,对不同矿层分别抽液,其中3000抽液井在YⅠ矿层建造过滤器,3000A抽液井在YⅡ矿层建造过滤器。实施方案见图4
选择4000单元开展混合注-混合抽开采试验。该方案施工一组抽注液系统,注液井同时为2个矿层注液,注液管下放至2个矿层中间;抽液井采用混合抽液方式抽液,实施方案见图5
本试验采用水力喷砂割缝式钻孔结构(图6),其过滤器建造方式是将水力喷砂设备下放到套管设计位置,对矿层段套管进行切割施工,并打通套管内外部含矿含水层的联系;该技术为多层矿开采建造过滤器提供了方便。
制作了适用于地浸采铀矿山双层矿开采的专用封隔器(图7)。该专用封隔器由L型卡扣、封隔管件、中心管、膨胀橡胶、橡胶外套、单向阀等组成。封隔器上端为提升管(设置了L型卡扣),中间为中心管,中心管外部有3段膨胀橡胶,用于将封隔器固定在目标位置,膨胀橡胶具有遇水膨胀的特性。封隔器下端为封隔管件,封隔管件由衬管、橡胶环和单向阀组成;注液管与内衬管密封连接,内衬管上加工3个直径6 mm的圆孔,用于与橡胶外套之间的环形空间连通。液体进入内衬管,先充填环形空间使橡胶外套膨胀,起到固定作用;当液体压力达到0.8 MPa时,底部单向阀打开,达到分层精准加注的目的。
在分层注-分层抽、分层注-混合抽开采时,注液合用井需要下2根注液管,分别连通上下层过滤器进行注液,故需要根据现场压力、水量需求,改造注液井口密封装置(图8)。而普通井口密封装置只容纳1根注液井内管,本研究在不改变软连接和井内管直径的情况下,调整尼龙棒结构,使其可同时安装2根注液井内管。现场试验表明,改造后的密封装置可实现对上下矿层的同时注液。
开拓完成后,对单元的见矿参数进行了计算,结果见表1
在地浸采铀矿山中,钻孔抽注液量直接影响金属浸出速度,是评价运行效果的重要指标。对4种开采方法的平均瞬时抽注液量的统计(表2)表明,分层注-混合抽开采方法的瞬时抽液量最大,混合注-混合抽开采方法的瞬时抽液量最小,混合注-分层抽开采方法的瞬时注液量最大,分层注-混合抽开采方法的瞬时注液量最低;单孔分层注液方法累计瞬时注液量高于混合注液方法累计瞬时注液量。可见,分层注液效果优于混合注液;不同矿层的瞬时注液量相差不大,浸出剂可被均匀地注入矿层。试验表明,单孔分层注液方式的可行性好。
为了分析对比不同开采方式的金属浸出情况,对投入运行前6个月的浸出液铀浓度变化情况和浸出率进行了统计,结果见图9~图10。可以看出,采用分层注-分层抽开采方法的浸出效果最好,其中1000A抽液井的浸出液铀浓度上升最快,运行15天浸出液铀质量浓度已达峰值(48.5 mg/L),然后逐渐稳定在20 mg/L左右,半年铀浸出率达12.5%;1000抽液井在运行3个月后浸出液铀质量浓度达到峰值(30.1 mg/L),然后逐渐稳定在18 mg/L,半年铀浸出率达9.6%。采用混合注-混合抽的开采方式的浸出效果最差,投入运行前6个月浸出液铀质量浓度一直维持在3 mg/L以下,累计浸出率只有1.2%。
综上所述,分层注-分层抽开采方法的浸出效果最好,分层注-混合抽和混合注-分层抽开采方法的浸出效果次之,而采用混合注-混合抽的开采方法的浸出效果最差。
分层注-分层抽开采方法需施工1组注液井,2组独立的抽液井;与常规单层开采方式相比,可节约一半的注液井施工成本。但由于需对注液井使用封隔器将2层矿体封隔,分层注-分层抽开采方法存在需要特制封隔器和井口装置改造等问题。
分层注-混合抽开采方法适合于所有的井型井距排列方式,可以节约50%的抽、注液井施工成本,且达到分层注液的目的;对不同渗透性的矿层可以采用不同或相同的浸出工艺进行浸出。但如果矿层渗透性相差很大,则会产生“优势流”现象,即渗透性好的矿层抽液量大,渗透性差的矿层抽液量少;当2层矿体之间间隔超过6 m时,即便渗透性一致,也会产生“优势流”现象[15]。此外,在浸出后期,存在单层矿体的浸出液铀浓度难以区分等问题。
混合注-分层抽开采方法与分层注-分层抽开采方法相比,不存在需要特制封隔器和井口装置改造等问题,施工方便;但由于采用混合注液方式,存在从不同矿层注入浸出剂困难问题。
混合注-混合抽开采方法的施工成本最低,但由于采用单井同时注液和抽液开采方式,难以对不同矿层精准控制抽注液,存在资源浪费问题。
1)单井分层注液方式累计注液瞬时流量高于混合注液方式,并且不同矿层的瞬时注液量相差不大,单井分层注液方式的可行性好。
2)分层注-分层抽开采方法的浸出效果最好。该法提高了资源利用率,其成本又低于传统分层开采施工成本,可应用于地浸采铀矿山多层矿的开采中,具有较好的推广应用前景。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.05.05
  • 接收时间:2024-05-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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    中核通辽铀业有限责任公司, 内蒙古 通辽 028000

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刘晓奎(1992—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事地浸采铀生产工作。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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