Article(id=1147999673845014674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999670040781819, articleNumber=1000-8063(2024)03-0068-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.03.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711728000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751634051046, onlineDateStr=2025-07-04, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751634051046, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751634051046, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751634051046, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1147999670040781819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, year='2024', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751634050139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1759123774979, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1179413852954440623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999670040781819, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1179413852954440624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, issueId=1147999670040781819, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=68, endPage=73, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1147999674147004580, articleId=1147999673845014674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=EN, title=Influence of D152 Resin Prewashing Process on the Quality of Spectinomycin, columnId=1175805041752556213, journalTitle=Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, columnName=MINING AND HYDROMETALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Spectinomycin is an alkaline water-soluble aminoglycoside antibiotic, produced by the fermentation of actinospectacin. The prewashing process of D152 resin with EDTA-2Na was studied, by selecting the proper concentration, pH and flow rate of the prewashing solution, the extraction of high purity macromycin hydrochloride was realized, and the recovery process of EDTA-2Na was determined. The optimal prewashing parameters were obtained: the concentration of EDTA-2Na solution is 0.015 mol/L, the pH of prewashing solution is 7.5~8.0, and the flow rate is 1.0~2.0 BV/h. The prewashing process is simple, low cost and high recovery, which ensures the adsorption yield of D152 resin and realizes the green extraction.

, correspAuthors=Haichao LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cheng WANG, Haichao LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1147999677141737844, articleId=1147999673845014674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, language=CN, title=D152树脂预洗工艺对大观霉素质量的影响, columnId=1175805041991631542, journalTitle=铀矿冶, columnName=开采·选冶, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

大观霉素(Spectinomycin)是一种碱性水溶性氨基糖苷类抗生素,由壮观链霉(Actinospectacin)发酵产生。在用D152树脂提纯大观霉素过程中,引入EDTA-2Na预洗工艺,通过选择合适的预洗液浓度、pH和流速,实现高纯度盐酸大观霉素的提取,并确定了EDTA-2Na的回收工艺。研究得到了最佳预洗工艺参数:EDTA-2Na洗液浓度为0.015 mol/L,预洗液pH为7.5~8.0,流速为1.0~2.0 BV/h。该工艺简便易行、成本低、回收率高,保证了D152树脂的吸附收率,实现了绿色提取。

, correspAuthors=李海超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李海超(1989—),男,河北唐山人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为微生物制药提取。
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王成(1985—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为微生物制药提取。

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王成(1985—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为微生物制药提取。

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王成(1985—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为微生物制药提取。

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EDTA recovery rate

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pH EDTA-2Na
用量/g
EDTA
回收量/g
EDTA
回收率/%
1.0 560 470 96
1.5 560 456 93
2.0 560 392 80
), ArticleFig(id=1179491174340505839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999673845014674, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EDTA回收率

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pH EDTA-2Na
用量/g
EDTA
回收量/g
EDTA
回收率/%
1.0 560 470 96
1.5 560 456 93
2.0 560 392 80
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Quality comparison of eluent

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工艺 洗脱液pH 洗脱液
效价/(U/mL)
洗脱液总
硬度/(mg/mL)
透光
度/%
未预洗 4.19 23 956 9.85 23
预洗 4.45 23 893 0.02 67
), ArticleFig(id=1179491174487306481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999673845014674, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

洗脱液质量对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工艺 洗脱液pH 洗脱液
效价/(U/mL)
洗脱液总
硬度/(mg/mL)
透光
度/%
未预洗 4.19 23 956 9.85 23
预洗 4.45 23 893 0.02 67
), ArticleFig(id=1179491174562803954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999673845014674, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of prewashing process on quality of finished powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工艺 大观霉素
含量/%
4R-双氢大观霉
素含量/%
生物效价
(干品)/(U/mg)
澄清度
未预洗 91.9 3.5 766 浑浊
预洗 93.7 2.8 786 澄清
), ArticleFig(id=1179491174634107123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999673845014674, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

预洗工艺对成品粉质量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工艺 大观霉素
含量/%
4R-双氢大观霉
素含量/%
生物效价
(干品)/(U/mg)
澄清度
未预洗 91.9 3.5 766 浑浊
预洗 93.7 2.8 786 澄清
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D152树脂预洗工艺对大观霉素质量的影响
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王成 , 李海超
铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2024,43(3): 68-73
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铀矿冶 | 开采·选冶 2024, 43(3): 68-73
D152树脂预洗工艺对大观霉素质量的影响
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王成, 李海超
作者信息
  • 河北圣雪大成制药有限责任公司, 河北 石家庄 051430
  • 王成(1985—),男,河北石家庄人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为微生物制药提取。

通讯作者:

李海超(1989—),男,河北唐山人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为微生物制药提取。
Influence of D152 Resin Prewashing Process on the Quality of Spectinomycin
Cheng WANG, Haichao LI
Affiliations
  • Hebei Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 051430, China
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.03.07
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大观霉素(Spectinomycin)是一种碱性水溶性氨基糖苷类抗生素,由壮观链霉(Actinospectacin)发酵产生。在用D152树脂提纯大观霉素过程中,引入EDTA-2Na预洗工艺,通过选择合适的预洗液浓度、pH和流速,实现高纯度盐酸大观霉素的提取,并确定了EDTA-2Na的回收工艺。研究得到了最佳预洗工艺参数:EDTA-2Na洗液浓度为0.015 mol/L,预洗液pH为7.5~8.0,流速为1.0~2.0 BV/h。该工艺简便易行、成本低、回收率高,保证了D152树脂的吸附收率,实现了绿色提取。

大观霉素  /  D152树脂  /  预洗工艺  /  EDTA-2Na

Spectinomycin is an alkaline water-soluble aminoglycoside antibiotic, produced by the fermentation of actinospectacin. The prewashing process of D152 resin with EDTA-2Na was studied, by selecting the proper concentration, pH and flow rate of the prewashing solution, the extraction of high purity macromycin hydrochloride was realized, and the recovery process of EDTA-2Na was determined. The optimal prewashing parameters were obtained: the concentration of EDTA-2Na solution is 0.015 mol/L, the pH of prewashing solution is 7.5~8.0, and the flow rate is 1.0~2.0 BV/h. The prewashing process is simple, low cost and high recovery, which ensures the adsorption yield of D152 resin and realizes the green extraction.

spectinomycin  /  D152 resin  /  prewashing process  /  EDTA-2Na
王成, 李海超. D152树脂预洗工艺对大观霉素质量的影响. 铀矿冶, 2024 , 43 (3) : 68 -73 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.03.07
Cheng WANG, Haichao LI. Influence of D152 Resin Prewashing Process on the Quality of Spectinomycin[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2024 , 43 (3) : 68 -73 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.03.07
大观霉素是一种广谱类抗生素,对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均有抗菌作用,是治疗急性淋病的首选药物[1]。由于其毒性低,也常被用作饲料添加剂,以促进牲畜生长[2]。目前大观霉素的市售产品有盐酸盐、硫酸盐,二者均为结晶水合物。大观霉素作为氨基糖苷类抗生素[3],其游离碱及其盐类均易溶于水,难溶于乙醇、丙酮等有机溶剂;热稳定性较差,在不同程度的碱性及酸性条件下易发生降解反应[4]
目前,国内主要采用离子交换—结晶工艺提取盐酸大观霉素[5]。壮观链霉素发酵液经草酸酸化后,用陶瓷膜或板框[6-7]去除菌渣得到过滤液;过滤液经D152树脂吸附、HCl洗脱后得到洗脱液;洗脱液经超滤、纳滤膜处理,并溶析结晶后得到盐酸大观霉素成品粉。在实际生产中,过滤液中仍存在大量的残糖、蛋白质、色素、Ca2+、Mg2+等物质,这些物质均会被D152树脂吸附,进而随洗脱液进入后续工序,最终造成工艺控制不稳定以及产品质量下降。金属离子也会导致超滤膜污染[8-9]
对吸附饱和的D152树脂一般利用浓度较低的酸和碱进行预洗[10-11],但预洗效果较单一,仅能去除部分一价金属离子及少量有机物质。EDTA-2Na作为一种配合剂,常用于锅炉清洗[12-13]以及离子交换过程中稀有金属的回收[14-15],但作为抗生素预洗液应用较少。因此,笔者对EDTA-2Na预洗D152树脂工艺进行了研究,并出于经济性考虑,对从预洗废液中回收EDTA的工艺进行研究。
设备仪器:Waters e2695-2489高效液相色谱仪(蒸发光检测器);pHS-3C型精密酸度计;电子天平(美加宁MJN-681);机械搅拌器;超滤膜、纳滤膜、反渗透膜(上海奥赛分离技术工程有限公司),超滤膜分子量为8 000 Da,纳滤膜分子量为200 Da;水环真空泵;离子交换柱(φ40 mm×250 mm);蠕动泵等。
试剂:HCl、EDTA-2Na、丙酮,均为分析纯;试验用水为自制无盐水;D152树脂(核工业北京化工冶金研究院),湿视密度0.8 g/mL,粒度(16~50目)90%,水分70.4%。
试验样品:大观霉素过滤液、盐酸大观霉素成品粉(批号D1-240102-1),河北圣雪大成唐山制药有限责任公司。
将D152树脂装柱,用3.0%的氢氧化钠溶液再生,再生结束后用无盐水洗涤树脂至pH≤11.60,备用。
取再生后的D152树脂装柱进行吸附,吸附流速为1.0 BV/h;待出料口效价为进料口效价的10%时,视为吸附饱和,结束吸附操作。将吸附饱和的D152树脂,用无盐水洗涤,水洗至清液透光度为80%时结束,备用。
1)预洗工艺:用EDTA-2Na溶液对吸附饱和的D152树脂进行预洗;2)洗脱工艺:用3.0%~4.0%的HCl进行洗脱,洗脱液流速为1.0 BV/h;3)超滤、纳滤过滤处理:超滤运行压力为0.6 MPa,纳滤运行压力为1.0 MPa;4)活性炭脱色:按照每1×108 U投加1 kg活性炭进行脱色;5)结晶干燥:以1.0 BV/h流速向浓缩液中流加丙酮,加入丙酮总量为所加浓缩液体积的4.0倍,养晶2.0 h,抽滤后干燥,干燥温度为40.0 ℃。
根据2020版兽药典[16]规定方法进行样品检测。
取适量成品粉,用无盐水进行溶配,溶液效价为2 000 U/mL。取3份溶液用1 mol/L的NaOH调节溶液pH为7.5、8.0、9.0,控制机械搅拌器转速为1 000 r/min;每2 h采用高效液相色谱法检测效价,记录溶液效价变化情况。
分别配制0.01 mol/L EDTA-2Na溶液和0.02 mol/L稀HCl溶液。取2份1.2节吸附饱和的D152树脂,每份250 mL,分别用上述溶液进行预洗,预洗流速为1.0 BV/h,每1 h对出口样品进行检测,记录预洗液中Ca/Mg含量、效价变化情况。
配制0.015 mol/L EDTA-2Na溶液3份,pH分别调整为7.5、8.0、8.5。取3份1.2节吸附饱和的D152树脂(每份250 mL),分别用配制好的溶液进行预洗,预洗流速为1.0 BV/h;每1 h对出口样品进行检测,记录预洗液中Ca/Mg含量、效价变化情况。
分别配制0.01、0.015、0.02 mol/L EDTA-2Na溶液,调整其pH至7.5。取3份1.2节吸附饱和的D152树脂(每份250 mL),分别用配制好的溶液进行预洗,预洗流速1.0 BV/h;每1 h对出口样品进行检测,记录预洗液中Ca/Mg含量、效价变化情况。
取3份1.2节吸附饱和的D152树脂(每份250 mL),用0.015 mol/L EDTA-2Na溶液进行预洗,预洗流速分别控制在1.0、2.0、3.0 BV/h;每1 h对出口样品进行检测,记录预洗液中Ca/Mg含量、效价变化情况。
按照上述预洗条件对D152树脂进行预洗,并对预洗废液进行回收。用反渗透膜(1812卷式实验膜,操作压力1.5 MPa,通量5~10 L/h,循环体积10 L)对预洗废液进行浓缩,浓缩至原体积1/15后停止浓缩操作。将浓缩液分成3份,分别调整pH至1.0、1.5、2.0,搅拌放置4 h;抽滤干燥恒重。计算EDTA回收率。
根据上述优化条件,按照1.3.1描述的工艺流程制备成品粉,并对中间体料液质量及总收率进行评估。
盐酸大观霉素稀溶液在不同pH下,效价变化见图1。大观霉素在弱碱性条件较为稳定,但是随着pH升高,大观霉素迅速降解,导致效价降低。大观霉素在碱性条件下降解生成杂质B[4],所以预洗过程应避免使用强碱性物质,且吸附饱和后的D152树脂不宜长时间浸泡在碱性溶液中。
在相同阳离子强度下,EDTA-2Na、HCl对D152树脂的预洗效果见图2。对于吸附大观霉素后的D152树脂,采用稀HCl预洗造成的收率损失较大,且去除+2价金属离子的效果较差,不宜采用酸洗液;采用EDTA-2Na预洗效果较好,大观霉素收率损失较小,去除Ca2+/Mg2+的效果较好。
这主要是因为D152树脂上的—COONa为弱酸性基团,与H+结合速率较快,进而置换出已经被吸附的大观霉素离子;大观霉素离子为+2价,其活性与Ca2+/Mg2+相似,所以同时被酸洗脱,这就是用稀HCl预洗造成收率损失的原因。而EDTA在中性、碱性条件下主要存在形式为H2Y2-、HY3-${{\mathrm{Y}}^{4-}}^{\left[17\right]}$,所以在预洗中只发生金属离子交换反应,即:Na+与Ca2+/Mg2+交换,能高效去除D152吸附的Ca2+/Mg2+。但工业EDTA-2Na中可能存在部分EDTA-4Na,EDTA与Mg螯合时形成EDTA-Na-Mg盐,导致多余部分Na呈游离态;游离的钠离子浓度过高,会洗脱D152树脂吸附的大观霉素,造成收率降低,这就是EDTA-2Na预洗时出口有少量效价的原因。
以EDTA-2Na溶液作为预洗液,预洗液pH对饱和D152树脂预洗效果的影响见图3
大观霉素发酵液经草酸酸化后,大部分Ca2+被去除,但是Mg2+的去除效果较差,所以D152树脂吸附大量Mg2+。由图3可看出,在弱碱性pH条件下,能去除被吸附的Ca2+/Mg2+。综合考虑预洗液pH调节成本和大观霉素的稳定性,预洗液pH以7.5~8.0为宜。
用不同浓度的EDTA-2Na溶液预洗D152树脂时,出口Ca/Mg含量以及效价变化见图4
随着EDTA-2Na浓度增加,出口Ca2+/Mg2+含量增加,需要的预洗时间缩短;但在预洗后期出口效价呈明显升高的趋势,收率损失增加。这是由于随着预洗的进行,D152树脂上吸附的Ca2+/Mg2+总量降低,无法消耗大量的Na+,此时高浓度的Na+发挥了洗脱效果。为了避免收率损失,可以在预洗液中添加一定浓度的大观霉素,然后进行二次吸附,但这样会增加操作难度。所以,出于实际生产考虑,预洗液浓度选择0.015 mol/L为宜,用量为10倍树脂体积。
EDTA-2Na溶液在不同流速下对D152树脂的预洗曲线见图5。可以看出,Ca2+/Mg2+的去除效率、收率损失均与流速基本呈正相关性,流速越高,去除Ca2+/Mg2+效率越高,但收率损失更大。根据实际生产情况,高流速会造成离子交换柱承压增大,所以确定预洗流速为1.0 BV/h。
综上研究,确定预洗工艺参数为:EDTA-2Na浓度0.015 mol/L、预洗液pH=7.5~8.0、预洗流速1.0 BV/h、预洗剂用量为10倍树脂体积。
EDTA溶解度较低,通常采用其钠盐作为洗液。EDTA-2Na购买成本较高,排放易造成水体污染,目前回收EDTA的方法主要是酸析结晶法[18],即通过对废液进行酸化,析出EDTA晶体。使用回收的EDTA时,用碱水将其溶解得到EDTA-2Na。
从清洁生产角度出发,试验首先采用反渗透膜回收预洗废液中的水,然后再用结晶法对浓液中的EDTA进行回收,EDTA-2Na回收率为93%以上,EDTA在不同条件下回收率见表1。在EDTA进行回收时,结晶pH应控制在1.0~1.5左右,结晶pH过高,回收率降低;pH过低,成本增加。
D152树脂预洗前后,洗脱液质量相关指标见表2。可以看出,洗脱液预洗后,硬度明显降低,透光度明显提升。这是由于高浓度的Ca2+/Mg2+会引起蛋白质聚集,导致洗脱液透光度降低;而预洗工序能将D152树脂吸附的部分蛋白质洗脱,进而降低洗脱液中的蛋白含量。
预洗前后膜通量衰减趋势见图6。可以看出,D152树脂未经预洗,得到的洗脱液中存在大量有机杂质,导致超滤膜通量急剧衰减;另外,洗脱液中存在的大量Ca2+/Mg2+会导致纳滤膜出现浓差极化现象,纳滤膜通量也呈明显下降趋势。EDTA-2Na预洗工艺能有效缓解超滤膜运行难度,并在很大程度上减缓纳滤膜的浓差极化现象,为结晶工序提供更高浓度的料液。
按照药典要求,对预洗前后的成品粉进行检测,部分指标见表3。可以看出,D152树脂预洗后,对应成品粉的大观霉素含量以及生物效价均有明显提升;EDTA-2Na溶液预洗能解决成品粉浊度差的问题。这是由于在溶析结晶时,蛋白质不溶于丙酮等有机溶剂,随大观霉素晶体的析出而析出。预洗工艺能有效解决生产过程中膜污染、产品质量差等问题,具有明显的实际应用意义。
采用EDTA-2Na溶液对D152树脂进行预洗,可有效解决大观霉素生产过程中的膜污染、产品质量差等问题。预洗工艺控制参数:EDTA-2Na溶液浓度0.015 mol/L,预洗液pH=7.5~8.0,预洗液流速1.0~2.0 BV/h,预洗液用量为10倍树脂体积。
预洗废液采用反渗透膜浓缩、酸析结晶法回收EDTA,EDTA回收率为93%~96%。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2024.03.07
  • 接收时间:2024-03-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-30
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    河北圣雪大成制药有限责任公司, 河北 石家庄 051430

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李海超(1989—),男,河北唐山人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为微生物制药提取。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
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species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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