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The static and dynamic adsorption behavior of porous silica gel on uranium in high fluoride solution was studied, the feasibility of the application of silica gel adsorption and uranium removal technology in the treatment of high fluoride radioactive wastewater was explored, and the influence of various adsorption conditions was verified. When ρ(F-) in the solution reaches 100 g/L, the static adsorption capacity of porous silica gel for uranium is 31~33 mg/g, indicating that the high fluoride environment has a small impact on the adsorption of uranium by porous silica gel and has a high selectivity for UO 2 2 + and F-. The static adsorption test shows that the best adsorption effect for uranium is achieved when the radioactive wastewater pH=8~9. The dynamic adsorption test shows that when the pH of radioactive wastewater is 9, the working capacity of the porous silica gel adsorption column is about 20 times the column volume. Most of the uranium in the adsorbed silica gel column can be desorbed by 1 mol/L HNO3, with a capacity of about 10 times the column volume. The porous silica gel column was desorbed with 1 mol/L HNO3 eluent and reused 5~6 times, with the basically same penetration curve position for uranium.

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试验研究多孔硅胶对高含氟溶液中 UO 2 2 +的静态和动态吸附行为,探索硅胶吸附除铀技术在高含氟放射性废水处理中应用的可行性,并验证各吸附条件的影响。当溶液中ρ(F-)达到100 g/L时,多孔硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的静态吸附容量(以干硅胶计)为31~33 mg/g,高含氟环境对多孔硅胶吸附 UO 2 2 +的影响较小,且多孔硅胶对 UO 2 2 +与F-有较高的选择性。通过静态吸附试验可知,多孔硅胶在pH为8~9的环境中,对 UO 2 2 +的吸附效果最佳。动态吸附试验表明,当进料pH为9时,硅胶吸附柱的工作容量约为20倍柱体积。使用1 mol/L HNO3解吸液可将吸附 UO 2 2 +硅胶柱中的部分 UO 2 2 +洗脱,解吸液容量约为10倍柱体积。硅胶柱用1 mol/L HNO3解吸后复用5~6次, UO 2 2 +的穿透曲线位置基本一致。

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欧阳毅(1990—),男,湖南衡阳人,学士,工程师,长期从事天然铀氧化物、氟化物生产制备及放射性废水处理。

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欧阳毅(1990—),男,湖南衡阳人,学士,工程师,长期从事天然铀氧化物、氟化物生产制备及放射性废水处理。

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欧阳毅(1990—),男,湖南衡阳人,学士,工程师,长期从事天然铀氧化物、氟化物生产制备及放射性废水处理。

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Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2007, 93(3):127-143., articleTitle=Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions by manganese oxide coated zeolite: discussion of adsorption isotherms and pH effect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195800397538439885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=北京, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积:GB/T 19587—2004[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195800392496886419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195800392505275028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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ArticleFig(id=1195800396007518902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Changes in the adsorption capacity of silica gel, figureFileSmall=Pxm/IkDdMgopN148bR/b3A==, figureFileBig=vLlHLv602a86qFwIX/e1Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195800396062044855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, language=CN, label=图8, caption=多孔硅胶饱和吸附容量的变化, figureFileSmall=Pxm/IkDdMgopN148bR/b3A==, figureFileBig=vLlHLv602a86qFwIX/e1Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195800396120765112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Static adsorption capacity of uranium in silica gel under different ρ(F-)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(F-)/(g/L) 溶液中的ρ( UO 2 2 +)/(mg/L) QS/(mg/g)
吸附前 吸附后
113.6 654.4 321.2 33.3
84.1 726.9 402.2 32.5
41.9 594.4 261.1 33.3
), ArticleFig(id=1195800396175291065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同ρ(F-)下多孔硅胶吸附 UO 2 2 +的静态吸附容量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(F-)/(g/L) 溶液中的ρ( UO 2 2 +)/(mg/L) QS/(mg/g)
吸附前 吸附后
113.6 654.4 321.2 33.3
84.1 726.9 402.2 32.5
41.9 594.4 261.1 33.3
), ArticleFig(id=1195800396234011322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Saturated adsorption capacity of UO 2 2 + in porous silica gel at different pH

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH 溶液中ρ( UO 2 2 +)/(mg/L) 吸附容量
/(mg/g)
吸附前 吸附后
4 1 690.0 111.0 31.6
7 1 710.0 78.3 32.6
9 1 730.0 69.0 33.2
), ArticleFig(id=1195800396296925883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123346816638986, articleId=1147999674327364048, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同pH下 UO 2 2 +在多孔硅胶中的饱和吸附容量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH 溶液中ρ( UO 2 2 +)/(mg/L) 吸附容量
/(mg/g)
吸附前 吸附后
4 1 690.0 111.0 31.6
7 1 710.0 78.3 32.6
9 1 730.0 69.0 33.2
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欧阳毅
铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024,43(1): 81-86
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铀矿冶 | 安全·环保 2024, 43(1): 81-86
用多孔硅胶从高含氟放射性废水中吸附铀
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欧阳毅
作者信息
  • 中核二七二铀业有限责任公司,湖南 衡阳 421002
  • 欧阳毅(1990—),男,湖南衡阳人,学士,工程师,长期从事天然铀氧化物、氟化物生产制备及放射性废水处理。

Absorbing Uranium From Radioactive Wastewater With High Fluoride by Porous Silica Gel
OUYANG Yi
Affiliations
  • No. 272 Uranium Co., Ltd., CNNC, Hengyang 421002, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.05
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试验研究多孔硅胶对高含氟溶液中 UO 2 2 +的静态和动态吸附行为,探索硅胶吸附除铀技术在高含氟放射性废水处理中应用的可行性,并验证各吸附条件的影响。当溶液中ρ(F-)达到100 g/L时,多孔硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的静态吸附容量(以干硅胶计)为31~33 mg/g,高含氟环境对多孔硅胶吸附 UO 2 2 +的影响较小,且多孔硅胶对 UO 2 2 +与F-有较高的选择性。通过静态吸附试验可知,多孔硅胶在pH为8~9的环境中,对 UO 2 2 +的吸附效果最佳。动态吸附试验表明,当进料pH为9时,硅胶吸附柱的工作容量约为20倍柱体积。使用1 mol/L HNO3解吸液可将吸附 UO 2 2 +硅胶柱中的部分 UO 2 2 +洗脱,解吸液容量约为10倍柱体积。硅胶柱用1 mol/L HNO3解吸后复用5~6次, UO 2 2 +的穿透曲线位置基本一致。

多孔硅胶  /  高含氟溶液  /  放射性废水  /  $U{\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2+}$ O 2 2 +  /  F-  /  吸附

The static and dynamic adsorption behavior of porous silica gel on uranium in high fluoride solution was studied, the feasibility of the application of silica gel adsorption and uranium removal technology in the treatment of high fluoride radioactive wastewater was explored, and the influence of various adsorption conditions was verified. When ρ(F-) in the solution reaches 100 g/L, the static adsorption capacity of porous silica gel for uranium is 31~33 mg/g, indicating that the high fluoride environment has a small impact on the adsorption of uranium by porous silica gel and has a high selectivity for UO 2 2 + and F-. The static adsorption test shows that the best adsorption effect for uranium is achieved when the radioactive wastewater pH=8~9. The dynamic adsorption test shows that when the pH of radioactive wastewater is 9, the working capacity of the porous silica gel adsorption column is about 20 times the column volume. Most of the uranium in the adsorbed silica gel column can be desorbed by 1 mol/L HNO3, with a capacity of about 10 times the column volume. The porous silica gel column was desorbed with 1 mol/L HNO3 eluent and reused 5~6 times, with the basically same penetration curve position for uranium.

porous silica gel  /  high fluoride concentration  /  radioactive wastewater  /  $U{\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2+}$ O 2 2 +  /  F-  /  adsorption
欧阳毅. 用多孔硅胶从高含氟放射性废水中吸附铀. 铀矿冶, 2024 , 43 (1) : 81 -86 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.05
OUYANG Yi. Absorbing Uranium From Radioactive Wastewater With High Fluoride by Porous Silica Gel[J]. Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, 2024 , 43 (1) : 81 -86 . DOI: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.05
铀是重要的战略资源,天然铀加工转化过程产生的放射性废水中含有较高浓度的氟和铀,其中ρ(F-)可达50~90 g/L、ρ( UO 2 2 +)可达300~600 mg/L。在排放之前必须要进行深度处理,如废水中的铀未能得到有效回收可能导致资源浪费和环境危害。目前从高氟废水除氟的主要方法是沉淀法[1-3],如未能在前端将铀深度去除,则可能造成沉淀后的废渣中夹带的铀浓度较高,增加废渣处置难度及成本。从废水中除铀的技术方法较多,如铁屑除铀、电吸附除铀、离子交换树脂除铀、磷酸盐沉淀除铀、离子交换纤维除铀等[4-10];但除铀条件或效果均有一定局限性,特别是在铀转化生产过程中产生的高氟环境中材料的使用寿命难以保证。
使用多孔硅胶吸附硝酸废水体系中的铀及其他重金属离子[11-17],在国内外已有许多研究和工程应用,如国内某核燃料元件制造企业多年来使用多孔硅胶吸附硝酸体系溶液中的 UO 2 2 +,应用效果良好。但使用多孔硅胶从高含氟溶液中吸附铀的可行性及效果鲜有探索。
因此,采用硅胶对高含氟溶液中铀的吸附、解吸行为进行研究,探索通过多孔硅胶深度提取高含氟放射性废液中铀的可行性。
含氟含铀溶液取自某企业铀转化生产线主工艺尾气淋洗产生的高含氟放射性废水,其主要组成:ρ(F-)为50~90 g/L,ρ( UO 2 2 +)为300~600 mg/L,ρ( CO 3 2 -)为3~5 g/L,pH为6.5~8.0。在测试ρ(F-)对吸附效果的影响以及硅胶饱和吸附容量试验中,为了使试验结果更易得,对废水进行了浓缩预处理。
试剂:氢氧化钾,分析纯,福晨(天津)化学试剂有限公司生产;硅胶,柱层析用,青岛海洋化工厂生产;氢氟酸及氟化铀酰溶液由国内某企业铀转化生产线提供。
硅胶预处理:用筛分法选取30~40目(550~380 μm)硅胶颗粒,用去离子水漂洗硅胶至水清澈,并浸泡2 h。用KOH溶液冲洗至硅胶浸泡液pH为9,备用。
静态吸附试验使用的烧杯为PP材质,容量500 mL,湖南比克曼生物科技有限公司生产;恒温多联磁力搅拌器,型号MHS4Pro,浙江欧迈科试验仪器有限公司生产;电子天平,型号JE10001,上海尚仪仪器设备有限公司生产。
动态吸附用硅胶柱为有机玻璃柱,柱内径(D)=3.808 cm,内截面(S)=11.383 cm2,硅胶床层高为(6.0±0.2)cm。硅胶在85~90 ℃下烘干至恒重,柱内干硅胶质量为(30.0±0.1)g,硅胶床层的密度约为0.438 g/cm3。采用恒流蠕动泵往硅胶柱中注入废水,泵机身型号BT100-2J,泵头型号YZ1515,中国河北融柏恒流泵制造有限公司生产。
分析仪器:台式多参数离子计,型号BANTE930,中国上海般特仪器制造有限公司生产;气相色谱质谱联用仪(ICP-MS),型号NexION 2000,美国PerkinElmer公司生产。
采用ICP-MS分析法测定ρ( UO 2 2 +);采用离子选择性电极分析法测定ρ(F-);采用电位法测定pH。
取750 mL浓缩后的高含氟放射性废水溶液置于3个烧杯内,分别加入10、15、20 mL氢氟酸,然后加入适量氢氧化钾调节3个烧杯内氟化铀酰溶液的pH至8~9,然后分别取10 g硅胶置于3个烧杯内,杯口用膜密封,在25 ℃下恒温搅拌吸附。当吸附2、4、6、8、10、24、48 h时取样,分析溶液中的ρ( UO 2 2 +)和ρ(F-)。
配制1 750 mL高含氟放射性废水溶液,平均分到7个烧杯内。用氢氟酸及氢氧化钾调节7个烧杯内氟化铀酰溶液的pH,各烧杯内溶液pH分别为2、4、6、7、8、9、10、11。然后在各烧杯内各加入10 g多孔硅胶,杯口用膜密封,在25 ℃下恒温搅拌吸附。每2 h取样,分析溶液中的ρ( UO 2 2 +)。
取1 000 mL浓缩后的高含氟放射性废水,平均分到3个烧杯内。用氢氟酸及氢氧化钾调节3个烧杯内氟化铀酰溶液的pH,使各烧杯内溶液pH分别为4、7、9。然后在各烧杯内分别加入15 g多孔硅胶,杯口用膜密封,在25 ℃下恒温搅拌,吸附48 h取样,分析溶液中的ρ( UO 2 2 +)和ρ(F-)。
将含氟含铀溶液经滤纸负压过滤,去除固相杂质;在滤液中加入适量氢氟酸将其酸化至pH为2,在60 ℃下恒温1 h;然后将淋洗液分成2组,加入氢氧化钾分别调节pH为7、9;再次使用滤纸对淋洗液负压过滤,对两组滤液分别取样,分析溶液中的ρ( UO 2 2 +)和ρ(F-)。
1.4.2.2 UO 2 2 +穿透曲线的测定
以经过预处理的含氟含铀溶液作为动态吸附料液。动态吸附试验的流速为0.47 mL/(min·cm2),流量为5.33 mL/min。料液匀速流过硅胶柱,间隔一定体积取流出液,分析其中的ρ( UO 2 2 +)和ρ(F-)。
将吸附 UO 2 2 +达到饱和的硅胶柱分为3组。使用去离子水对硅胶柱进行冲洗至洗出液呈中性;然后分别采用0.5、1.0、1.5 mol/L的硝酸溶液进行浸泡解吸;当解吸液ρ( UO 2 2 +)低于50 μg/L时解吸完成,统计不同浓度硝酸溶液的使用量。
由《气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积》(GB/T 19587—2004)[18]中的吸氮法,测得硅胶样品比表面积为330 m2/g,孔径分布见图1。可以看出,试验用硅胶的孔径多分布在7~11 nm范围内。
取质量为m1的湿硅胶放入称量瓶中,在(90±5)℃下烘干,恒重,质量为m2,湿硅胶的含水率计算公式为
w=(m1-m2)/m1×100%
对不同批次湿硅胶的含水率进行测定,其平均含水率为(53.2±0.4)%。
在不同ρ(F-)下,硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的吸附率随时间的变化见图2。可以看出,硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的吸附较快,20 h左右便达到吸附平衡;在不同ρ(F-)下,硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的吸附率未见明显差异。
在不同ρ(F-)下,多孔硅胶吸附 UO 2 2 +的静态吸附容量(QS)(以干硅胶计)见表1。可以看出,在不同ρ(F-)下,多孔硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的静态吸附容量基本相同。
在不同pH下,硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的吸附率随时间的变化见图3。可以看出,随着pH的提高,硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的吸附率提高;但当pH>9后,吸附率不再提高。这是由于在高pH下多孔硅胶发生了溶解现象,进而失去吸附能力。
在不同pH下,多孔硅胶静态吸附含氟含铀溶液,ρ( UO 2 2 +)随时间的变化见图4, UO 2 2 +在多孔硅胶中的饱和吸附容量见表2。可以看出,pH对硅胶饱和吸附容量的影响较小。
预处理后的高含氟放射性废水中,ρ( UO 2 2 +)、ρ(F-)分别为11.3 mg/L、105 g/L。动态吸附后的流出液中ρ( UO 2 2 +)、ρ(F-) 随流出液体积的变化见图5。流出液体积用柱体积(VC)倍数表示。
图5可知,当动态吸附流出液达到约25.5VC时,流出液中ρ( UO 2 2 +)与进料废液相当,硅胶柱达到了吸附穿透点,吸附柱的有效吸附容量约为20VC;当吸附流出液约4VC时,ρ(F-)出现了穿透,且硅胶柱对F-的总体吸附量较小。动态吸附试验说明,多孔硅胶对 UO 2 2 +与F-有较高的选择性,在高含氟放射性废水除铀应用中的可行性较好。
当硅胶柱动态吸附达到穿透点时,将吸附饱和的硅胶均分为2组,进行动态解吸试验。解吸前先使用去离子水对硅胶进行淋洗,将硅胶间隙中残留的料液洗出,以避免其对饱和吸附容量数据产生影响,淋洗终点为硅胶柱出口液pH=7;然后分别使用1、2 mol/L硝酸溶液对2组硅胶进行动态解吸,硅胶柱流出液ρ( UO 2 2 +)≤50 μg/L时解吸完成,试验结果见图6~图7
图6可看出,使用4VC的去离子水对硅胶柱进行淋洗,使柱内残余的料液洗出。当使用硝酸进行动态解吸时,2 mol/L的硝酸溶液解吸速度明显高于1 mol/L的硝酸溶液解吸速度。其中2 mol/L的硝酸解吸剂用量约为5VC,而1 mol/L的硝酸解吸剂用量约为10VC
图7可看出,硅胶柱淋洗及解吸液中F-主要集中在去离子水解吸过程中,而硝酸解吸阶段极低。进一步说明多孔硅胶对F-的吸附量较低。
两组硅胶柱装填量相同,使用相同的经过预处理的含氟含铀溶液进行动态吸附至穿透点,用去离子水淋洗后,再分别使用1、2 mol/L的硝酸溶液进行解吸,重复以上步骤8次,记录两组硅胶柱每次的饱和吸附容量(图8)。
图8可看出,使用1 mol/L的硝酸作为解吸剂时,硅胶柱在重复试验6次后,其对 UO 2 2 +的动态吸附容量出现明显衰减。而使用2 mol/L的硝酸作为解吸剂时,硅胶柱在重复试验5次后出现衰减。因此,使用多孔硅胶作为该含氟含铀废水除铀吸附材料时,可以复用5~6次。
1)通过不同ρ(F-)下的静态吸附试验可知,多孔硅胶对 UO 2 2 +的吸附速率较快,约20 h便可达到吸附平衡,ρ(F-)对硅胶吸附 UO 2 2 +的影响较小,利用多孔硅胶在高含氟放射性废水除铀中的应用具有可行性。
2)高含氟放射性废水的pH对硅胶吸附 UO 2 2 +的速率具有一定影响,当高含氟放射性废水pH在8~9时,吸附速率最佳。废水pH对 UO 2 2 +在硅胶中的饱和吸附容量的影响较小,不同pH下,其静态饱和吸附容量为31.6~33.2 mg/g,相差较小。
3)动态吸附-解吸试验结果证明,多孔硅胶对F-的吸附量较小,对 UO 2 2 +和F-有较高的选择性。以1 mol/L、2 mol/L的硝酸溶液作解吸剂,硅胶柱可有效复用5~6次,工业应用时具有一定经济性。
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doi: 10.13426/j.cnki.yky.2023.10.05
  • 接收时间:2023-10-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-04
  • 出版时间:2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-20
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    中核二七二铀业有限责任公司,湖南 衡阳 421002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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