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Article(id=1307033137016492310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1307033095836823737, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0080.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742140800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-17, revisedDate=1747584000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789550583365, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789550583365, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789550583365, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789550583365, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307033095836823737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, year='2026', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='146', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789550573547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789610016151, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282417023214447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1307033095836823737, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282417023214448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1307033095836823737, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=80, endPage=86, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307033137331065112, articleId=1307033137016492310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=EN, title=Influence of different drying conditions on the performance of fire hose drying system, columnId=1307033137213624599, journalTitle=Fire Science and Technology, columnName=Study of fire equipment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The performance of fire hose directly affects the fire extinguishing efficiency and rescue safety in fire and rescue. Proper drying can prolong the service life, improve operational reliability and reduce costs. To address the problems of high energy consumption and long processing cycles of conventional drying methods, this study proposes a collaborative drying technology that integrates infrared radiation with air source heat pump. Four comparative experimental protocols were designed (infrared drying, heat pump-infrared segmented drying, infrared-heat pump segmented drying, infrared-heat pump combined drying). A quantitative evaluation system including power consumption, SMER and MER was established to investigate the influence mechanism of different operating parameters on drying efficiency. Experimental results show that when the heat pump-infrared segmented drying mode (infrared temperature 35 ℃, mode conversion time 1.5 h) is adopted, the comprehensive performance of the system is the best. Total energy consumption is reduced to 4.74 kWh, SMER increases to 1.35 kg/kWh, and MER reaches 2.56 kg/h, representing a 27.3% reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional heat pump drying. The parameter optimization scheme proposed in this study can reduce the operating costs of the fire hose drying system and promote the sustainable use of fire hose, offering significant environmental value.

, authors=Zixin Wang, Long Liu, Hao Liu, Shilong Xu, authorsList=Zixin Wang, Long Liu, Hao Liu, Shilong Xu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Long Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307033141768638774, articleId=1307033137016492310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=CN, title=不同干燥工况对消防水带干燥系统性能的影响, columnId=1307033137440117017, journalTitle=消防科学与技术, columnName=消防设备研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

消防水带在火灾救援中直接影响灭火效率和救援安全，及时干燥能延长使用寿命，提高可靠性并节约成本。本研究针对传统干燥方式能耗高、周期长的问题，提出红外辐射与空气源热泵协同干燥的技术方案。通过设计4组对比试验（红外干燥、热泵-红外分段干燥、红外-热泵分段干燥、红外-热泵联合干燥），建立包含耗电量、SMER、MER的量化评价体系，探究不同运行参数对干燥效率的影响机制。试验数据表明，采用热泵-红外分段干燥模式（红外温度35 ℃、模式转换时间1.5 h）时，系统综合性能最优，总能耗降至4.74 kWh，SMER提升至1.35 kg/kWh，MER达到2.56 kg/h，较传统热泵干燥节能27.3%。本研究提出的参数优化方案可降低消防水带干燥系统运行成本，促进消防水带可持续利用，具有良好的节能环保价值。

, authors=王子心, 刘龙, 刘豪, 徐世龙, authorsList=王子心, 刘龙, 刘豪, 徐世龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘龙, authorNote=

王子心，青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事热泵干燥与建筑节能研究，山东省青岛市黄岛区嘉陵江东路777号，266520。

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刘龙，青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院副教授，。
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王子心，青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事热泵干燥与建筑节能研究，山东省青岛市黄岛区嘉陵江东路777号，266520。

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王子心，青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事热泵干燥与建筑节能研究，山东省青岛市黄岛区嘉陵江东路777号，266520。

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source heat pump technology in grain drying[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2020., articleTitle=Application and research of air source heat pump technology in grain drying, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307033142020297015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307033142028685624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, companyId=1307033142020297015, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology , Qingdao Shandong 266520 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307033142037074233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, companyId=1307033142020297015, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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Measuring instrument parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量仪器参数数量/台
温湿度测量仪温度：-40～85 ℃；精度：±0.2 ℃3
湿度：0～100%；精度：±2%

电机耗电量

电能表

0～10 000 kWh；精度：±0.01 kWh1

压缩机及风机

电能表

0～100 000 kWh；精度：±0.01 kWh1
风速仪

0.6～40.0 m/s；

精度：±（0.2 m/s+1.5%测量值）

1
电子秤0.2～30.0 kg；精度：±0.001 kg1
), ArticleFig(id=1307033150740255095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

测量仪器参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量仪器参数数量/台
温湿度测量仪温度：-40～85 ℃；精度：±0.2 ℃3
湿度：0～100%；精度：±2%

电机耗电量

电能表

0～10 000 kWh；精度：±0.01 kWh1

压缩机及风机

电能表

0～100 000 kWh；精度：±0.01 kWh1
风速仪

0.6～40.0 m/s；

精度：±（0.2 m/s+1.5%测量值）

1
电子秤0.2～30.0 kg；精度：±0.001 kg1
), ArticleFig(id=1307033150832529784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Heat pump equipment parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备参数
压缩机

型号：ZW34KA-TFP-582；

输入功率：2.6 kW；排气量：8 m3/h

蒸发器面积：13.53 m2；翅片总管长：42.83 m
冷凝器面积：12.51 m2；翅片总管长：42.84 m
节流阀型号：DFP（T01）2.2C；压差：3.43 MPa
循环风机

型号：YWF4D-550S-137/50-G；

额定风量：8 720 m3/h

), ArticleFig(id=1307033150928998777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

热泵设备参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备参数
压缩机

型号：ZW34KA-TFP-582；

输入功率：2.6 kW；排气量：8 m3/h

蒸发器面积：13.53 m2；翅片总管长：42.83 m
冷凝器面积：12.51 m2；翅片总管长：42.84 m
节流阀型号：DFP（T01）2.2C；压差：3.43 MPa
循环风机

型号：YWF4D-550S-137/50-G；

额定风量：8 720 m3/h

), ArticleFig(id=1307033151000301946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Specific working conditions of different tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类型试验编号工况红外辐射温度/℃干燥转换时间/h
红外干燥1—35无
240
345
热泵-红外分段干燥6工况1351.0
7工况240
8工况345
9工况4351.5
10工况540
11工况645
红外-热泵分段干燥12工况1351.0
13工况240
14工况345
15工况4351.5
16工况540
17工况645
红外-热泵联合干燥18—35无
1940
2045
), ArticleFig(id=1307033151092576635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033137016492310, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同试验的具体工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类型试验编号工况红外辐射温度/℃干燥转换时间/h
红外干燥1—35无
240
345
热泵-红外分段干燥6工况1351.0
7工况240
8工况345
9工况4351.5
10工况540
11工况645
红外-热泵分段干燥12工况1351.0
13工况240
14工况345
15工况4351.5
16工况540
17工况645
红外-热泵联合干燥18—35无
1940
2045
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不同干燥工况对消防水带干燥系统性能的影响
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王子心 , 刘龙 , 刘豪 , 徐世龙
消防科学与技术 | 消防设备研究 2026,45(8): 80-86
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消防科学与技术 |消防设备研究 2026 , 45 (8) : 80 -86
不同干燥工况对消防水带干燥系统性能的影响
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王子心, 刘龙 , 刘豪, 徐世龙
作者信息
  • 1青岛理工大学 环境与市政工程学院 ，山东 青岛 266520
通讯作者:
刘龙，青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院副教授，。
作者简介:

王子心，青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事热泵干燥与建筑节能研究，山东省青岛市黄岛区嘉陵江东路777号，266520。

Influence of different drying conditions on the performance of fire hose drying system
Zixin Wang, Long Liu , Hao Liu, Shilong Xu
Affiliations
  • 1College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology , Qingdao Shandong 266520 , China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0080.07
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摘要
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消防水带在火灾救援中直接影响灭火效率和救援安全，及时干燥能延长使用寿命，提高可靠性并节约成本。本研究针对传统干燥方式能耗高、周期长的问题，提出红外辐射与空气源热泵协同干燥的技术方案。通过设计4组对比试验（红外干燥、热泵-红外分段干燥、红外-热泵分段干燥、红外-热泵联合干燥），建立包含耗电量、SMER、MER的量化评价体系，探究不同运行参数对干燥效率的影响机制。试验数据表明，采用热泵-红外分段干燥模式（红外温度35 ℃、模式转换时间1.5 h）时，系统综合性能最优，总能耗降至4.74 kWh，SMER提升至1.35 kg/kWh，MER达到2.56 kg/h，较传统热泵干燥节能27.3%。本研究提出的参数优化方案可降低消防水带干燥系统运行成本，促进消防水带可持续利用，具有良好的节能环保价值。

消防水带  /  红外-热泵联合干燥  /  红外干燥  /  干燥工况  /  系统性能  /  评价体系

The performance of fire hose directly affects the fire extinguishing efficiency and rescue safety in fire and rescue. Proper drying can prolong the service life, improve operational reliability and reduce costs. To address the problems of high energy consumption and long processing cycles of conventional drying methods, this study proposes a collaborative drying technology that integrates infrared radiation with air source heat pump. Four comparative experimental protocols were designed (infrared drying, heat pump-infrared segmented drying, infrared-heat pump segmented drying, infrared-heat pump combined drying). A quantitative evaluation system including power consumption, SMER and MER was established to investigate the influence mechanism of different operating parameters on drying efficiency. Experimental results show that when the heat pump-infrared segmented drying mode (infrared temperature 35 ℃, mode conversion time 1.5 h) is adopted, the comprehensive performance of the system is the best. Total energy consumption is reduced to 4.74 kWh, SMER increases to 1.35 kg/kWh, and MER reaches 2.56 kg/h, representing a 27.3% reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional heat pump drying. The parameter optimization scheme proposed in this study can reduce the operating costs of the fire hose drying system and promote the sustainable use of fire hose, offering significant environmental value.

fire hose  /  infrared-heat pump combined drying  /  infrared drying  /  drying conditions  /  system performance  /  evaluation system
王子心, 刘龙, 刘豪, 徐世龙. 不同干燥工况对消防水带干燥系统性能的影响. 消防科学与技术, 2026 , 45 (8) : 80 -86 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0080.07
Zixin Wang, Long Liu, Hao Liu, Shilong Xu. Influence of different drying conditions on the performance of fire hose drying system[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2026 , 45 (8) : 80 -86 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0080.07
正文
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消防水带作为消防员的重要灭火工具，直接关系到灭火救援的效率和安全。国家标准GB 6246—2011《消防水带》［1］规定，消防水带需定期检查，使用后应清洗晾干后存放。吴国鑫［2］设计了一种新型消防水带自动收放器装置，有效缩短了水带的垂直铺设时间，并加快了收放速度。冯怡然等［3］发明了一种智能化干燥收卷设备，提升了消防水带干燥效率，减轻了消防员劳动强度，并支持清洗干燥一体机的开发。目前，国外已有多种清洗与护理装置及方法［4］，如水带清洗接头、简易水带清洗机、全套水带护理装备等。空气源热泵［5］被用于消防水带干燥，突破了时间和地域的限制，但存在能耗高、干燥不均等问题。
红外干燥技术［6］是一种利用红外线辐射传递热量，使物体表面与内部同时受热，从而实现快速干燥的技术，具有高效、节能、环保的优点。王乐然等［7］综述了远红外干燥的研究现状，阐述了工作原理，并介绍了远红外真空低温联合干燥设备、远红外热风联合干燥设备、远红外热泵联合干燥设备等联合干燥技术。本文利用红外联合热泵干燥技术对消防水带进行干燥试验，分析了4种不同干燥方式对系统耗电量及干燥性能的影响。
1　仪器与材料
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1.1　试验材料及测量仪器
试验材料为单根长度为25 m的涤纶长丝/涤纶长丝-聚氨酯［8］复合消防水带，产品编号为8-65-25，可承受8 MPa的水压。接口口径为外径11.0 cm，内径6.5 cm，水带平铺宽度为10.0 cm。具有高耐压性和良好的柔韧性。
表1为测量仪器及其参数。在蒸发器后、干燥室内、干燥室出口处分别放置温湿度测量仪测量各点温湿度，压缩机、电机和风机的耗电量由电能表记录。
1.2　热泵系统装置及原理
热泵干燥设备模型如图1所示。由图1可知，热泵干燥系统主要由蒸发器、干燥室、风管、冷凝器等组成，设备参数如表2所示。
图2展示了热泵干燥系统［9］的原理。从干燥室内排出的空气温度高、湿度大，经过蒸发器与制冷剂换热后变成冷干空气，再由冷凝器内的制冷剂加热成为高温低湿空气，由风机吹入干燥室内对消防水带进行干燥。
1.3　红外线装置
红外干燥［10］可快速升温，减少预热时间。试验使用BLT-RB-001C红外线石英乳白加热管，长度为800 mm，额定功率为800 W，管径为18 mm，额定电压为220 V。8根红外线加热管置于干燥室顶部，实物图如图3所示。红外线加热管由红外线温控箱控制，如图4所示，当干燥室内温度高于设定温度值时，红外线温控箱会自动停止加热，以防止干燥室内温度过高。
2　试验方法设计
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2.1　试验设计
在消防水带完全干燥的情况下，称量8盘消防水带的干重并记录，然后将水带完全泡进水箱，待其充分浸湿后取出，称量湿重，再将水带挂到干燥室内，随后开始进行4种干燥试验。
将试验设计为四大类：远红外线干燥［11］、红外-热泵分段干燥、热泵-红外分段干燥及红外-热泵联合干燥。具体试验工况如表3所示。根据前期试验，当风速为2 m/s时，设备耗电量不会明显增大，干燥速率也不会过慢。因此，为防止浪费时间和减少试验组数，后续试验中固定风速为2 m/s，热泵干燥温度固定为40 ℃。红外-热泵分段干燥试验先使用红外干燥，达到预设转换时间后关闭红外设备，再开启热泵干燥；热泵-红外分段干燥试验先开启热泵装置，达到预设转换时间后关闭热泵装置，再开启红外干燥设备；红外-热泵联合干燥［12］试验同时开启红外及热泵干燥装置。干燥过程中，每0.5 h记录一次耗电量，当连续两次测量的水带质量差小于0.1 kg时，表明水带水分含量已经稳定，干燥过程完成，该组试验结束。
2.2　性能指标测定
2.2.1　耗电量
耗电量［13］是指在一定时间内设备或系统消耗电能的总量，通常用来衡量电气、机器或整个电力系统的能源效率和运行成本。在研究中需测量以下耗电量：压缩机耗电量Wth，kWh；风机耗电量WF，kWh；电机耗电量WD，kWh。
2.2.2　单位能耗除湿量（SMER）
单位能耗除湿量（SMER）定义为单位能耗下的除湿量。SMER综合考虑了热泵和干燥系统，反映了能量利用效率，其计算如式（1）所示。
SMER=mW
式中：m为水分蒸发量，kg；W为输入的电能，kWh。
其中，W=Wth+WF+WD。
2.2.3　单位时间除湿量（MER）
单位时间除湿量（MER）是指在一定时间内除湿设备从空气中去除水分的量。
MER=mt
式中：m为水分蒸发量，kg；t为干燥时间，h。
3　结果与分析
收起
3.1　不同试验类别下不同工况对耗电量的影响
3.1.1　红外干燥耗电量分析
仅采用红外干燥、风速为2 m/s时，不同温度下的耗电量变化如图5所示。发现耗电量随着温度的升高而增大，红外干燥温度为35 ℃时耗电量最低，为10.22 kWh；红外干燥温度为45 ℃时耗电量最高，为14.66 kWh。在红外干燥中，耗电量均高于其他3组干燥方式。
3.1.2　热泵-红外分段干燥耗电量分析
热泵-红外分段干燥试验下不同工况对压缩机耗电量和红外设备耗电量的影响如图6所示。固定热泵干燥温度［14］为40 ℃、风速为2 m/s，当干燥转换时间分别为1.0 h和1.5 h时，红外设备耗电量随红外干燥温度升高而增大，压缩机耗电量则随红外干燥温度升高而减小。这是因为红外干燥温度为45 ℃时，水带迅速干燥，后续热泵干燥时间较短，故压缩机耗电量最低，为1.52 kWh。红外干燥温度为35 ℃、干燥转换时间为1.5 h时，总耗电量最小，为4.74 kWh，此时压缩机耗电量为2.27 kWh，红外设备的耗电量为2.47 kWh。
3.1.3　红外-热泵分段干燥耗电量分析
先红外后热泵的分段干燥试验中，不同工况下压缩机和红外线设备的耗电量如图7所示。当干燥转换时间分别为1.0 h和1.5 h时，红外干燥的耗电量随温度的升高而增大；由于干燥转换时间相同且热泵的送风温度不变，干燥时间变化较小，压缩机的耗电量基本相同。当红外干燥温度不变时，红外干燥利用辐射热直接对物体表面进行加热，能够迅速升温，加速干燥过程。当干燥转换时间为1.5 h时，开启红外干燥装置的时间较长，水带中的大部分水分已经被去除，因此热泵压缩机耗电量比转换时间为1.0 h时更小，而红外设备的耗电量比干燥转换时间为1.0 h时更大。热泵送风温度为40 ℃，红外干燥温度为35 ℃，干燥转换时间为1.0 h时，总耗电量最低。
3.1.4　红外-热泵联合干燥耗电量分析
红外-热泵联合干燥下压缩机耗电量及红外干燥耗电量随温度的变化如图8所示。红外干燥的温度越高，红外干燥装置的耗电量越大，而空气源热泵的运行能耗降低，压缩机耗电量随着温度升高而减小。红外干燥温度为35 ℃时，总耗电量最小，为8.29 kWh。
3.2　不同试验类别下不同工况对性能的影响
3.2.1　红外干燥性能分析
图9为红外干燥中SMER及MER随温度的变化情况。SMER和MER均随着温度升高呈先增大后减小的趋势。温度较低时，干燥时间延长，耗电量增大，SMER和MER较小；温度较高时，红外干燥设备能耗增大，两条曲线呈现下降趋势。红外干燥温度为40 ℃时，SMER和MER均达到最大值，分别为0.701 kg/kWh、3.508 kg/h。
3.2.2　热泵-红外分段干燥下的性能分析
图10为先热泵后红外的分段干燥方式下SMER与MER在不同工况下的变化。
在热泵-红外分段干燥试验中，固定干燥转换时间分别为1.0 h和1.5 h时，SMER随着温度的升高而减小，MER随着温度的升高而增大，其原因是温度升高使干燥时间缩短，从而MER升高，但高温导致红外干燥设备的耗电量增加，因此SMER呈下降趋势。当热泵送风温度为40 ℃、风机速度为2 m/s、红外干燥温度为35 ℃、干燥转换时间为1.5 h时，SMER最大，为1.35 kg/kWh。这是因为在干燥前期，以送风温度为40 ℃的空气源热泵干燥1.5 h，可将水带内的大部分水分蒸发，且空气源热泵的耗电量较低；转换后以35 ℃的红外辐射快速将水带干透，较低的温度不会使红外干燥设备的耗电量过大，故在35 ℃/1.5 h的工况下，耗电量最低，SMER最大。当红外干燥温度为45 ℃、转换时间为1.5 h时，MER最大，为 3.032 kg/h，因为较高温度干燥时间较短。
3.2.3　红外-热泵分段干燥下的性能分析
先红外后热泵分段干燥下，不同试验工况的SMER和MER变化如图11所示。
干燥转换时间不变时，SMER随着红外干燥温度的升高而降低。这是因为试验先使用红外进行干燥，虽然红外灯管温度越低，耗电量越小，但较低温度会使消防水带干燥速率降低，水带的干基含水率仍然较高；而空气源热泵干燥不具有穿透性，后续使用空气源热泵对消防水带进行干燥的时间随之延长，导致热泵系统的耗电量增加，因此SMER随温度的升高而呈下降趋势。当红外干燥温度为35 ℃、干燥转换时间为1.0 h时，SMER值最大，为1.105 kg/kWh。在相同红外干燥温度下，在干燥转换时间为1.0 h时的SMER和MER均大于干燥转换时间为1.5 h时，这是因为该试验先进行红外干燥，红外干燥的时间越短，系统耗电量越低，SMER越大。当干燥转换时间分别为1.0 h和1.5 h时，MER呈先升高后降低的趋势。这是因为以较低温度用红外设备干燥一定时间后再进行热泵干燥，热泵干燥时间变长，导致红外干燥在35 ℃时MER较低；而以较高温度进行红外干燥时，消防水带中的水分被迅速蒸发，密闭干燥室内湿度迅速升高，后续空气源热泵干燥时间也会被延长，因此曲线又呈下降趋势。
3.2.4　红外-热泵联合干燥下的性能分析
红外与热泵同时进行干燥时，系统的SMER和MER随红外干燥温度的变化如图12所示。当红外干燥温度增高时，SMER呈下降趋势，MER呈上升趋势。这是因为温度越高，红外干燥设备的耗电量就越大，但干燥时间越短，故SMER越小，MER越大。当红外干燥温度为35 ℃时，SMER最大，为 0.82 kg/kWh；红外干燥温度为45 ℃时，MER最大，为3.57 kg/h。
3.3　相同温度下不同类别性能分析
3.3.1　不同类别耗电量变化情况
在红外干燥温度分别为35、40、45 ℃时，四大类别耗电量的变化情况如图13所示。由图13可知，热泵-红外分段干燥、红外-热泵分段干燥方式比红外干燥、红外-热泵联合干燥的方式耗电量低。
当红外温度为35 ℃时，热泵-红外分段干燥且转换时间为1.5 h时耗电量最低，为4.74 kWh。这是因为在干燥初期，水带含水量较高，使用热泵干燥能够以低能耗实现快速脱水；而在干燥后期，随着水带含水量降低，较低的温度使红外干燥设备耗电量降低，能够高效节能地完成水带干燥。当红外温度为40 ℃时，红外-热泵分段干燥且转换时间为1.0 h时耗电量最低，为7.02 kWh。这是由于红外辐射提供了较高的温度，使水带在干燥初期即迅速失去大部分水分，随后切换到热泵干燥去除剩余的水分，从而降低了整个干燥过程的总耗电量。
3.3.2　不同类别的SMER和MER变化情况
固定红外干燥温度分别为35、40、45 ℃时，4种干燥方式下SMER、MER的变化情况如图14所示。红外干燥温度为35 ℃时，热泵-红外分段干燥且干燥转换时间为1.5 h时SMER最大，为1.35 kg/kWh；红外-热泵联合干燥时MER达到最大，为3.022 kg/h。红外干燥温度为45 ℃时，热泵-红外分段干燥且干燥转换时间为1.5 h时SMER最大，为0.911 kg/kWh；红外-热泵联合干燥时MER最大，为3.57 kg/h。但在红外干燥及红外-热泵联合干燥方式下，SMER较小且耗电量较高。
4　结 论
收起
试验采用红外干燥、红外-热泵分段干燥、热泵-红外分段干燥及红外-热泵联合干燥4种干燥方式，分析了不同工况对耗电量、SMER和MER的影响，以及相同红外干燥温度下4种干燥方式的耗电量、SMER和MER变化情况。
采用红外干燥方式时，红外干燥温度为40 ℃效果最佳，此时SMER、MER均为最大，系统性能最优。采用热泵-红外分段干燥方式时，红外温度为35 ℃且转换时间为1.5 h时，干燥系统整体性能达到最优，系统总耗电量为4.74 kWh，SMER为1.35 kg/kWh，MER为2.56 kg/h。采用红外-热泵分段干燥方式时，红外温度为35 ℃且转换时间为1.0 h时效果最佳，耗能最低，系统总耗电量为6.02 kWh，SMER为1.105 kg/kWh，系统MER为2.66 kg/h。采用红外-热泵联合干燥时，红外干燥温度为35 ℃时最节能。
在红外干燥温度分别固定为35、40、45 ℃的条件下，热泵-红外分段干燥且转换时间为1.5 h时性能最佳。

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2026年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0080.07
  • 接收时间：2025-03-17
  • 首发时间：2026-09-16
  • 出版时间：2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-17
  • 修回日期：2025-05-19
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    1青岛理工大学 环境与市政工程学院 ，山东 青岛 266520

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刘龙，青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院副教授，。
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