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Article(id=1307033121896026282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1307033095836823737, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0024.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751904000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-08, revisedDate=1770134400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789550579761, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789550579761, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789550579761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789550579761, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307033095836823737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, year='2026', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='146', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789550573547, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789610016151, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307282417023214447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1307033095836823737, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307282417023214448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1307033095836823737, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=24, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307033122160267435, articleId=1307033121896026282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=EN, title=Experimental study on the influence of width and ignition position on fire spread of XPS insulation board, columnId=1307033115155788049, journalTitle=Fire Science and Technology, columnName=Building fire protection design, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of specimen width and ignition position on the flame spread behavior of XPS insulation boards, a corresponding experimental apparatus was constructed, and its reliability was verified through repeatability tests. For B2-grade XPS specimens of different widths, full-width linear ignition was applied at both the upper and lower sections, and relevant combustion and flame spread parameters were obtained. The results indicate that under concurrent flame spread conditions, the full-time maximum flame temperature fluctuation amplitude increases with specimen width; whereas under countercurrent flame spread conditions, this temperature remains stable. In concurrent flames, the instantaneous flame height exhibits a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with width, showing a weak correlation with time. In countercurrent flames, the instantaneous flame height tends to fluctuate and increase over time before stabilizing, and at the same width, the average flame height under countercurrent conditions is significantly higher than that under concurrent conditions. Regarding the flame spread rate, under concurrent flame spread, the linearly fitted spread rate shows no significant correlation with width variation for specimens of different widths. Under countercurrent flame spread, the linearly fitted spread rate is positively correlated with specimen width, and both the fluctuation range and mean value of the instantaneous spread rate under countercurrent conditions are smaller than those under concurrent conditions. At the same width, the average spread rate under concurrent flame spread is approximately 3.6 ± 0.3 times that under countercurrent flame spread. In terms of combustion behavior, molten material dripping occurs frequently in concurrent flames; whereas in countercurrent flames, molten material adheres to the flame and triggers sudden vertical flame propagation. Both phenomena may lead to severe fire hazards.

, authors=Ligang Lu1, Jingwei Ji2, Nan Zhu1, authorsList=Ligang Lu, Jingwei Ji, Nan Zhu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307033126300045510, articleId=1307033121896026282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=CN, title=宽度和引燃位置对XPS保温板火蔓延影响试验研究, columnId=1307033117097750803, journalTitle=消防科学与技术, columnName=建筑防火设计, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究试样宽度和引燃位置对XPS保温板火蔓延行为的影响，搭建了相应的试验装置，并通过重复性试验验证了其可靠性。针对不同宽度的B2级XPS试样，分别在上部和下部进行全宽度线性引燃，获取了相关的燃烧及火蔓延参数。结果表明，在顺流火蔓延条件下，随试样宽度增加，全时最高火焰温度波动幅度增大；而在逆流火蔓延条件下，该温度保持稳定。瞬时火焰高度在顺流火中随宽度增加呈先减小后增大的趋势，与时间关联性较弱；在逆流火中，瞬时火焰高度随时间推移呈波动增大趋势，随后趋于稳定，且相同宽度下逆流火的平均火焰高度显著高于顺流火。在火蔓延速率方面，顺流火条件下，各宽度试样的线性拟合蔓延速率与宽度变化无明显相关性；逆流火条件下，线性拟合蔓延速率与试样宽度呈正相关，且逆流火瞬时速率的波动范围和均值均小于顺流火。在相同宽度下，顺流火蔓延的平均速率约为逆流火的3.6±0.3倍。在燃烧行为方面，顺流火中熔融物滴落频繁；逆流火中熔融物则黏附于火焰，并引发突发的火焰竖向传播，两种现象均可能导致严重火灾。

, authors=禄利刚1, 季经纬2, 朱楠1, authorsList=禄利刚, 季经纬, 朱楠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

禄利刚，徐州工程学院土木工程学院讲师，博士，主要从事建筑消防方面的研究，江苏省徐州市云龙区丽水路2号，221018，。

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禄利刚，徐州工程学院土木工程学院讲师，博士，主要从事建筑消防方面的研究，江苏省徐州市云龙区丽水路2号，221018，。

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禄利刚，徐州工程学院土木工程学院讲师，博士，主要从事建筑消防方面的研究，江苏省徐州市云龙区丽水路2号，221018，。

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Fire Science and Techno⁃logy, 2021, 40(8): 1155-1160., articleTitle=Study on fire propagation law of thermoplastic external insulation materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033135686897932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=11, pageStart=1315, pageEnd=1322, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=10, authorNames=黄新杰, 高金达, 周志杰, journalName=过程工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄新杰, 高金达, 周志杰, 等. 凹型结构下保温材料EPS典型垂直火蔓延特性对比研究[J]. 过程工程学报, 2021, 21(11): 1315-1322., articleTitle=凹型结构下保温材料EPS典型垂直火蔓延特性对比研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033135791755533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=11, pageStart=1315, pageEnd=1322, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=11, authorNames=Huang X J, Gao J D, Zhou Z J, journalName=The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang X J, Gao J D, Zhou Z J, et al. Comparative study on typical vertical flame spread characteristics of EPS insulation material under concave structure[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2021, 21(11): 1315-1322., articleTitle=Comparative study on typical vertical flame spread characteristics of EPS insulation material under concave structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033135871447310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=219, pageEnd=222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=12, authorNames=包肖萌, journalName=消防科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=包肖萌. 防火隔离带对外保温材料火灾蔓延影响实验研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(2): 219-222., articleTitle=防火隔离带对外保温材料火灾蔓延影响实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033135963721999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=219, pageEnd=222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Bao X M, journalName=Fire Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bao X M. 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Large-scale experimental study on the fire behaviors of organic exterior wall insulation materials and system[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2020., articleTitle=Large-scale experimental study on the fire behaviors of organic exterior wall insulation materials and system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033136219574546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=16, authorNames=孟庆璇, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟庆璇. 开孔工况下外墙保温材料竖向燃烧特性实验研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2019., articleTitle=开孔工况下外墙保温材料竖向燃烧特性实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033136299266323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Meng Q X, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meng Q X. Experimental study on vertical combustion characteristics of external wall insulation materials under open-hole condition[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2019., articleTitle=Experimental study on vertical combustion characteristics of external wall insulation materials under open-hole condition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033136408318228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=18, authorNames=高云骥, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高云骥. 典型薄织物材料表面顺流火蔓延及突变行为研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2019., articleTitle=典型薄织物材料表面顺流火蔓延及突变行为研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307033136500592917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Gao Y J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Y J. Concurrent flame spreading and mutation behaviors over typical thin fabric fuel surfaces[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2019., articleTitle=Concurrent flame spreading and mutation behaviors over typical thin fabric fuel surfaces, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307033126564286663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307033126581063880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, companyId=1307033126564286663, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Civil Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou Jiangsu 221018 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307033126589452489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, companyId=1307033126564286663, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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Linear fitting parameters of concurrent flame spread distance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样宽度/mm线性拟合斜率拟合优度R2
601.0050.992
800.9490.983
1001.1750.981
1201.1670.980
1401.0640.986
), ArticleFig(id=1307033132767662335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

顺流火条件下火蔓延距离线性拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样宽度/mm线性拟合斜率拟合优度R2
601.0050.992
800.9490.983
1001.1750.981
1201.1670.980
1401.0640.986
), ArticleFig(id=1307033132868325632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Linear fitting parameters of countercurrent flame spread distance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样宽度/mm线性拟合斜率拟合优度R2
600.2270.987
800.2300.993
1000.2380.996
1200.3210.975
1400.3310.988
), ArticleFig(id=1307033132952211713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1307033121896026282, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

逆流火条件下火蔓延距离线性拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样宽度/mm线性拟合斜率拟合优度R2
600.2270.987
800.2300.993
1000.2380.996
1200.3210.975
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宽度和引燃位置对XPS保温板火蔓延影响试验研究
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禄利刚 1 , 季经纬 2 , 朱楠 1
消防科学与技术 | 建筑防火设计 2026,45(8): 24-29
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消防科学与技术 |建筑防火设计 2026 , 45 (8) : 24 -29
宽度和引燃位置对XPS保温板火蔓延影响试验研究
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禄利刚，徐州工程学院土木工程学院讲师，博士，主要从事建筑消防方面的研究，江苏省徐州市云龙区丽水路2号，221018，。

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禄利刚1 , 季经纬2, 朱楠1
作者信息
  • 1徐州工程学院 土木工程学院 ，江苏 徐州 221018
  • 2中国矿业大学 安全工程学院 ，江苏 徐州 221116
作者简介:

禄利刚，徐州工程学院土木工程学院讲师，博士，主要从事建筑消防方面的研究，江苏省徐州市云龙区丽水路2号，221018，。

Experimental study on the influence of width and ignition position on fire spread of XPS insulation board
Ligang Lu1 , Jingwei Ji2, Nan Zhu1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou Jiangsu 221018 , China
  • 2School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 , China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0024.06
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为研究试样宽度和引燃位置对XPS保温板火蔓延行为的影响，搭建了相应的试验装置，并通过重复性试验验证了其可靠性。针对不同宽度的B2级XPS试样，分别在上部和下部进行全宽度线性引燃，获取了相关的燃烧及火蔓延参数。结果表明，在顺流火蔓延条件下，随试样宽度增加，全时最高火焰温度波动幅度增大；而在逆流火蔓延条件下，该温度保持稳定。瞬时火焰高度在顺流火中随宽度增加呈先减小后增大的趋势，与时间关联性较弱；在逆流火中，瞬时火焰高度随时间推移呈波动增大趋势，随后趋于稳定，且相同宽度下逆流火的平均火焰高度显著高于顺流火。在火蔓延速率方面，顺流火条件下，各宽度试样的线性拟合蔓延速率与宽度变化无明显相关性；逆流火条件下，线性拟合蔓延速率与试样宽度呈正相关，且逆流火瞬时速率的波动范围和均值均小于顺流火。在相同宽度下，顺流火蔓延的平均速率约为逆流火的3.6±0.3倍。在燃烧行为方面，顺流火中熔融物滴落频繁；逆流火中熔融物则黏附于火焰，并引发突发的火焰竖向传播，两种现象均可能导致严重火灾。

XPS保温板  /  火蔓延  /  宽度  /  引燃位置

To investigate the effects of specimen width and ignition position on the flame spread behavior of XPS insulation boards, a corresponding experimental apparatus was constructed, and its reliability was verified through repeatability tests. For B2-grade XPS specimens of different widths, full-width linear ignition was applied at both the upper and lower sections, and relevant combustion and flame spread parameters were obtained. The results indicate that under concurrent flame spread conditions, the full-time maximum flame temperature fluctuation amplitude increases with specimen width; whereas under countercurrent flame spread conditions, this temperature remains stable. In concurrent flames, the instantaneous flame height exhibits a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with width, showing a weak correlation with time. In countercurrent flames, the instantaneous flame height tends to fluctuate and increase over time before stabilizing, and at the same width, the average flame height under countercurrent conditions is significantly higher than that under concurrent conditions. Regarding the flame spread rate, under concurrent flame spread, the linearly fitted spread rate shows no significant correlation with width variation for specimens of different widths. Under countercurrent flame spread, the linearly fitted spread rate is positively correlated with specimen width, and both the fluctuation range and mean value of the instantaneous spread rate under countercurrent conditions are smaller than those under concurrent conditions. At the same width, the average spread rate under concurrent flame spread is approximately 3.6 ± 0.3 times that under countercurrent flame spread. In terms of combustion behavior, molten material dripping occurs frequently in concurrent flames; whereas in countercurrent flames, molten material adheres to the flame and triggers sudden vertical flame propagation. Both phenomena may lead to severe fire hazards.

XPS insulation board  /  fire spread  /  width  /  ignition position
禄利刚, 季经纬, 朱楠. 宽度和引燃位置对XPS保温板火蔓延影响试验研究. 消防科学与技术, 2026 , 45 (8) : 24 -29 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0024.06
Ligang Lu, Jingwei Ji, Nan Zhu. Experimental study on the influence of width and ignition position on fire spread of XPS insulation board[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2026 , 45 (8) : 24 -29 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0024.06
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燃烧性能等级为B2级的外墙保温材料，在点火源功率较大或受到较强热辐射时，易于燃烧，且火焰传播速度较快，具有较大的火灾危险性；而B3级材料的危险性则更为显著［1］。近年来，众多国内学者采用理论分析、试验研究和数值模拟等方法，系统研究了不同参数和条件下各类常见建筑保温材料的燃烧与火蔓延规律［2-8］。
挤塑聚苯乙烯（Extruded Polystyrene，XPS）泡沫板具有隔热性能优良、密度低、经济性好等特点，是目前应用最广泛的建筑外墙保温材料之一。本文以XPS保温板为研究对象，基于试验观测与数据分析，探讨试样宽度和引燃位置对其火蔓延行为的影响，以期为建筑外墙火灾防控及应急救援相关研究提供参考。
1　试验设置
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1.1　试验装置
本试验装置由材料固定装置与数据采集系统构成，见图1。材料固定装置为一块厚度为25 mm的可旋转矩形铁质面板，高2.0 m、宽0.6 m，其背部未进行绝热处理。面板上设有若干可封闭的钻孔，用于通过长螺栓固定试验用保温材料。数据采集系统包括放置于固定装置侧边的数码摄像机和置于正前方的红外热像仪。其中，数码摄像机用于记录火焰形态及火焰长度，红外热像仪用于实时采集材料表面的温度分布。
1.2　试验材料与方法
本试验所用材料为B2级XPS保温板。试样长度均为140 cm，厚度均为30 mm，宽度分别为60、80、100、120、140 mm。试验时，将XPS试样板通过螺栓固定于试验面板上，采用卡式喷火枪进行单面贴壁线性引燃。试验在密闭空间内进行，以排除风速对燃烧过程的影响。引燃位置包括上部和下部2种，分别对应逆流火蔓延与顺流火蔓延。每种工况条件下至少重复试验3次，以减小试验误差。典型试验过程如图2所示。
2　试验结果分析与讨论
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试验结果涵盖火焰温度、火焰高度和火蔓延速率。火焰最高温度指试样从点燃至熄灭或试验结束时段内所达到的最高温度。火焰高度定义为材料表面火焰前端至火焰根部的平均垂直距离。火蔓延速率指火焰前锋或热解前锋相对于材料表面的移动速率。上述参数可通过视频观察法和红外热像图处理方法综合获取［9-10］。宽度小于140 mm的顺流火蔓延试验中，试样均因熔融而发生断裂，导致试验提前终止。本文统一取各试样在稳定燃烧蔓延时段（90~140 s）内的相关参数进行分析。
2.1　火焰温度分析
2.1.1　火焰瞬时最高温度分析
在所有系列试验中，XPS试样被引燃后，火焰温度迅速升高，随后进入平稳阶段。数据分析表明，在平稳期内，火焰瞬时最高温度在绝大部分时间内于440~460 ℃区间内波动，且与试样宽度及引燃位置无明显关联。图3（a）和图3（b）分别为140 mm宽度试样在下部和上部引燃条件下，其火焰瞬时最高温度随时间的变化曲线。
部分试验的温度动态曲线中出现了突然下凹的现象，即温度骤降。通过对照试验录像发现，该现象是由于试样发生熔融滴落，高温熔融物从试验面板上脱落并带走大量热量所致。在下部引燃（顺流火）的试验中，熔融滴落现象更为频繁，温度跌落幅度也更大。当熔融物跌落高度不足时，还可能在地面流动并形成具有一定规模的池火，从而引发严重的火灾后果。其原因是，在下部引燃条件下，火蔓延过程中的热解熔融物下方缺乏未燃材料支撑，这一情况与上部引燃（逆流火蔓延）时的情形有所不同。
2.1.2　火焰全时最高温度分析
不同宽度XPS试样的全时段火焰最高温度变化如图4所示。相较于上部引燃的试样，下部引燃试样的全时段最高火焰温度随宽度变化呈现出更大的波动幅度。结合试验视频分析可知，在顺流火蔓延过程中，火焰温度受重力和材料熔融的影响较大，导致上述波动现象缺乏明显规律，难以准确判断宽度对火焰全时段最高温度的影响。相比之下，逆流火蔓延过程中XPS板的燃烧更为充分且稳定。在5个不同宽度试样的全时段最高火焰温度中，最大值与最小值仅相差7 ℃，因此可认为宽度对该参数的影响可基本忽略。
2.2　火焰高度分析
2.2.1　火焰瞬时高度变化分析
下部和上部引燃条件下，不同宽度XPS板的火焰高度变化情况分别如图5、图6所示，图中的点划线为线性拟合结果。
由图5和图6可知，各宽度XPS试样的瞬时火焰高度随时间变化均呈现明显的波动特征。统计结果显示，顺流火条件下的火焰高度主要集中在120~300 mm区间（占比92%），逆流火条件下则主要集中在140~340 mm区间（占比81%）。线性拟合结果的斜率分析表明：在顺流火条件下，随XPS试样宽度增大，拟合斜率由负转正，即火焰高度的总体变化趋势从逐渐减小转变为逐步增大；除140 mm试样外，其余宽度对应的拟合线段近乎水平，说明火焰高度与时间的关联性较弱。逆流火条件下折线与拟合线段的走势显示，各宽度试样的火焰高度随着燃烧时间的延长，在波动中呈现出较为明显的增大趋势，且拟合斜率所反映的瞬时火焰高度增量基本保持一致。结合试验视频判断，约60 s后燃烧趋于稳定，火焰在某一高度值附近呈现相对平稳的波动。
2.2.2　火焰平均高度对比分析
2种引燃方式下不同宽度XPS板的火焰平均高度如图7所示。
结果表明，在60~140 mm宽度范围内，相同宽度条件下，下部引燃（顺流火）所形成的火焰平均高度均明显小于上部引燃（逆流火）的相应值。随着宽度的增加，顺流火蔓延条件下相对稳态时的火焰平均高度在60~80 mm区间内基本保持不变，在80~120 mm区间内呈递增趋势，而在120~140 mm 区间内略有下降。相比之下，逆流火蔓延条件下火焰平均高度呈现“增-减-增-减”的波动趋势，且每次增加的幅度均明显大于减小的幅度，整体上呈现波动中上升的态势。产生上述现象的主要原因在于：随着试样宽度增加，参与燃烧反应的物质增多，燃烧反应规模扩大，从而导致火焰高度升高。
2.3　火蔓延速率分析
2.3.1　不同宽度试样下部引燃火蔓延速率分析
顺流火（下部引燃）条件下，各宽度试样的火蔓延距离及其线性拟合结果如图8所示，相应的线性拟合参数列于表1。以5 s为间隔计算得到的瞬时火蔓延速率如图9所示。
表1中所有拟合优度R2均不小于0.98，表明线性拟合程度良好，分析结果具有较高的可信度，线性拟合斜率可作为表征火蔓延速率的参数之一。各宽度试样的线性拟合火蔓延速率均处于0.9~1.2 cm/s区间内，且与宽度变化无明显相关性。由图8可知，除140 mm宽度试样外，其余试样在稳定燃烧段内的总体火蔓延速率随宽度增大而增加，其中60 mm与80 mm宽度试样的数值非常接近。由图9可知，各宽度试样的瞬时火蔓延速率主要集中在0.5~1.8 cm/s范围内。
对于140 mm宽度试样，视频分析表明，其相较于其他试样需要更长的加热时间，即更难被引燃。在燃烧过程中，该试样易发生大面积的熔融物滴落与下滑，阻碍火焰前锋的推进，甚至导致试验中断。如图2所示，当140 mm试样的燃烧范围超过半板时，火焰前锋已偏离相机一侧，转而向左改道，而此时右半板下部的熔融物仍燃烧十分剧烈。据此推测，燃烧过程中熔融物会带走大量热量，导致XPS保温板无法接收到足够的热反馈，从而使火蔓延速率下降。试验末期，左半板已燃烧殆尽，火焰前锋超出保温板顶部，而右半板仍未发生燃烧。
2.3.2　不同宽度试样上部引燃火蔓延速率分析
逆流火（上部引燃）条件下，各宽度试样的火蔓延距离及其线性拟合结果如图10所示，相应的线性拟合参数见表2。以5 s为间隔计算得到的瞬时火蔓延速率如图11所示。
表2中所有拟合优度R2均不小于0.975，表明线性拟合程度良好，分析结果具有较高的可信度。各宽度试样的线性拟合火蔓延速率均处于0.2~0.3 cm/s区间，且随试样宽度的增加而增大。由图10可知，除60 mm与80 mm宽度试样在稳定燃烧段内的总体火蔓延速率非常接近外，其余宽度试样的数值均随宽度增大而增加。由图11可知，逆流火条件下各宽度试样的瞬时火蔓延速率主要集中在0.16~0.33 cm/s范围内，其波动范围和均值均显著小于下部引燃（顺流火）条件下的对应值。
结合视频分析发现，相较于下部引燃的顺流火，上部引燃的逆流火蔓延速率更为缓慢且稳定。其主要原因在于：顺流火蔓延过程中，燃烧产生的高温热烟气流经材料未燃区域，形成强烈的对流换热，加速了材料的热解、燃烧及火蔓延；而在逆流火蔓延中，高温热烟气向上运动，并不流经未燃区域，因此无法形成上述对流换热。
值得注意的是，当试样宽度超过80 mm时，逆流火火焰前锋面在热解前期基本保持水平，如图12（a）所示。发展到一定阶段后，火焰根部会出现熔融物突然下坠流动的现象，导致高温熔融物及其黏附的火焰发生突发性的竖向向下快速传播，并在试样表面形成从“V”形到“U”形、再到“深V”形的缺口演变，如图12（b）~（d）所示，该过程在15 s内完成。结合视频分析推测，产生上述突变现象的原因在于：燃烬前锋上方不断积累的熔融物重量超过了燃烬前锋水平横截面的最大承载能力，导致热解熔融物突发性涌至试样观测表面，并沿表面向下流动或滴落至地面。
2.3.3　引燃位置对火蔓延速率影响分析与讨论
图13为上部引燃与下部引燃条件下，各宽度XPS试样的火蔓延平均速率及其倍数对比图。结果表明，5种宽度试样的顺流火蔓延总体算术平均速率处于0.91~1.15 cm/s区间，逆流火蔓延总体算术平均速率处于0.23~0.34 cm/s区间。在相同宽度条件下，顺流火蔓延的总体平均速率明显大于逆流火，前者约为后者的3.6±0.3倍。
3　结 论
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1）火焰瞬时最高温度与试样宽度及引燃位置无明显关联。就全时最高火焰温度而言，随试样宽度增加，顺流火蔓延中该参数的波动性增强，而逆流火蔓延中其值基本保持不变。
2）各宽度试样的瞬时火焰高度均随时间呈明显的区间波动特征。顺流火条件下，瞬时火焰高度随宽度增大先总体递减后转为递增，与时间关联性较弱；逆流火条件下，瞬时火焰高度随时间推移在波动中显著增大，且增量基本一致，后期趋于相对平稳。相同宽度下，顺流火的平均火焰高度均显著低于逆流火。
3）顺流火蔓延条件下，各宽度试样的线性拟合火蔓延速率与宽度变化无明显相关性，其中宽度小于140 mm的试样其总体火蔓延速率与宽度呈正相关。逆流火蔓延条件下，线性拟合火蔓延速率与试样宽度亦呈正相关。逆流火条件下各宽度试样的瞬时火蔓延速率波动范围及均值均明显小于顺流火。
4）相同宽度条件下，顺流火蔓延的总体平均速率约为逆流火的3.6±0.3倍。
5）顺流火蔓延中频繁发生的熔融物滴落，以及逆流火蔓延中熔融物及其黏附火焰的突发性竖向向下快速传播，均可能引发严重的火灾后果。

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2026年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.08.0024.06
  • 接收时间：2025-07-08
  • 首发时间：2026-09-16
  • 出版时间：2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-08
  • 修回日期：2026-02-04
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    1徐州工程学院 土木工程学院 ，江苏 徐州 221018
    2中国矿业大学 安全工程学院 ，江苏 徐州 221116
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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