Article(id=1320165948900885040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1320165840046117035, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0127.05, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767715200000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-07, revisedDate=1770566400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681689715, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681689715, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681689715, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681689715, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165840046117035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, year='2026', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681663762, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681663762, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=127, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320165949085434417, articleId=1320165948900885040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=EN, title=Fire risks and fire prevention strategies for core process flow in LNG receiving terminals, columnId=1307033132415349106, journalTitle=Fire Science and Technology, columnName=Emergency management study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the key processes of LNG receiving terminals, this paper focuses on the fire safety analysis during process operation. Firstly, the properties of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the current situation of the domestic LNG industry are introduced, followed by an emphasis on the important role of LNG receiving terminals in the energy supply chain. Taking an LNG receiving terminal—the first one independently introduced, constructed and managed in China—as a case study, the potential fire hazards in key process flows such as ship unloading, storage and BOG treatment are discussed, with its Class A hazard level and potential risks including pool fires and jet fires identified. Furthermore, starting from facility design, an "intelligent + integrated" fire prevention system is established, and a management closed loop featuring "responsibility + system" is improved. Corresponding preventive measures are proposed to provide references for the safe operation of LNG receiving terminals.

, authors=Yifeng Zheng1, Lin Zhang1, Zibin Chen2, authorsList=Yifeng Zheng, Lin Zhang, Zibin Chen, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320165949911712310, articleId=1320165948900885040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=CN, title=LNG接收站核心工艺流程火灾风险及防火策略, columnId=1307033132608287092, journalTitle=消防科学与技术, columnName=应急管理研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以LNG接收站的关键工艺为基础,重点分析工艺过程中的消防安全。首先介绍液化天然气(LNG)的特性及国内液化天然气行业的现状,然后强调了LNG接收站在供应链中扮演的重要角色。以我国首个独立引进、建设和管理的某LNG接收站为案例,探讨卸船、储存和BOG处理等关键工艺流程中的火灾隐患,确认甲类危险级别以及池火、喷射火等潜在风险。进一步从设施设计开始,建立“智能化+一体化”防火体系,同时完善“责任+制度”的管理闭环,提出针对性的预防方案,为LNG接收站的安全运行提供参考。

, authors=郑仪凤1, 张琳1, 陈滋彬2, authorsList=郑仪凤, 张琳, 陈滋彬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

郑仪凤,福州市仓山区消防救援大队中级专业技术职务,主要从事消防监督执法、消防产品、火灾事故调查等方面的工作,福建省福州市仓山区新桥路1号,350001,。

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郑仪凤,福州市仓山区消防救援大队中级专业技术职务,主要从事消防监督执法、消防产品、火灾事故调查等方面的工作,福建省福州市仓山区新桥路1号,350001,。

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郑仪凤,福州市仓山区消防救援大队中级专业技术职务,主要从事消防监督执法、消防产品、火灾事故调查等方面的工作,福建省福州市仓山区新桥路1号,350001,。

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Composition and relevant parameters of natural gas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分甲烷乙烷丙烷异丁烷正丁烷
摩尔分数96.68%2.39%0.50%0.09%0.11%
组分异戊烷氮气硫化氢硫醇硫总硫
数值0.02%0.21%(摩尔分数)<1 mg/Sm³(质量浓度)<1 mg/Sm³(质量浓度)<1 mg/Sm³(质量浓度)
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954185708120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天然气的组分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分甲烷乙烷丙烷异丁烷正丁烷
摩尔分数96.68%2.39%0.50%0.09%0.11%
组分异戊烷氮气硫化氢硫醇硫总硫
数值0.02%0.21%(摩尔分数)<1 mg/Sm³(质量浓度)<1 mg/Sm³(质量浓度)<1 mg/Sm³(质量浓度)
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954265399897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fire hazard characteristics of CH4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
介质名称相对空气密度沸点/℃闪点/℃引燃温度/℃爆炸极限火灾危险类别
甲烷0.55-161.5-1885385.3%~15.0%甲
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954340897370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

甲烷火灾危险特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
介质名称相对空气密度沸点/℃闪点/℃引燃温度/℃爆炸极限火灾危险类别
甲烷0.55-161.5-1885385.3%~15.0%甲
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954420589147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Specifications and delivery volume of exported natural gas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称相态规格一期外输量/Sm3/d
均月均日高月高日低月低日
天然气气态≤8.8 MPa(表压),≥0 ℃1 340×1041 760×1041 050×104
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954479309404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

外输天然气规格和输量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称相态规格一期外输量/Sm3/d
均月均日高月高日低月低日
天然气气态≤8.8 MPa(表压),≥0 ℃1 340×1041 760×1041 050×104
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954559001181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Long-term specifications and delivery volume of exported natural gas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称相态规格远期外输量/Sm3/d
均月均日高月高日低月低日
天然气气态≤8.8 MPa(表压),≥0 ℃3 260×1044 200×1042 590×104
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954638692958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

远期外输天然气规格和输量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称相态规格远期外输量/Sm3/d
均月均日高月高日低月低日
天然气气态≤8.8 MPa(表压),≥0 ℃3 260×1044 200×1042 590×104
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954777104991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Major hazard factors of production equipment

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序号工艺系统危险事件主要危害
1卸船系统卸船臂LNG泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
2储存系统LNG储罐安全阀的气体释放气体扩散、火灾
低压LNG管线故障,LNG泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
3BOG处理系统压缩机入口低压管线故障,BOG气体释放(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
压缩机出口高压管线故障,BOG气体释放(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
气体释放至密集区域(工艺设备区)爆炸、超压
4汽化外输区高压泵入口/出口泄漏,ORV出口泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
5槽车装车系统装车臂LNG泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
6集液池系统罐区LNG泄漏至集液池气体扩散、火灾
7公用工程及辅助设施火炬分液罐气体扩散、火灾
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954840019552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

生产装置的重大危害因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号工艺系统危险事件主要危害
1卸船系统卸船臂LNG泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
2储存系统LNG储罐安全阀的气体释放气体扩散、火灾
低压LNG管线故障,LNG泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
3BOG处理系统压缩机入口低压管线故障,BOG气体释放(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
压缩机出口高压管线故障,BOG气体释放(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
气体释放至密集区域(工艺设备区)爆炸、超压
4汽化外输区高压泵入口/出口泄漏,ORV出口泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
5槽车装车系统装车臂LNG泄漏(小泄漏)气体扩散、火灾
6集液池系统罐区LNG泄漏至集液池气体扩散、火灾
7公用工程及辅助设施火炬分液罐气体扩散、火灾
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954911322721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Basic properties of each component in LNG/NG

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参数甲烷乙烷丙烷异丁烷
密度/kg/m30.721.362.012.71
爆炸下限5.3%3.0%2.1%1.8%
爆炸上限15.0%16.0%9.5%8.4%
自燃点/℃538472450460
理论燃烧温度/℃1 8302 0202 0432 057
燃烧1 m3气体所需的空气量/m39.5416.7023.9031.02
最大火焰传播速度/m/s0.670.860.82-
), ArticleFig(id=1320165954999403106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165948900885040, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

LNG/NG中各组分的基本性质

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参数甲烷乙烷丙烷异丁烷
密度/kg/m30.721.362.012.71
爆炸下限5.3%3.0%2.1%1.8%
爆炸上限15.0%16.0%9.5%8.4%
自燃点/℃538472450460
理论燃烧温度/℃1 8302 0202 0432 057
燃烧1 m3气体所需的空气量/m39.5416.7023.9031.02
最大火焰传播速度/m/s0.670.860.82-
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LNG接收站核心工艺流程火灾风险及防火策略
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郑仪凤 1 , 张琳 1 , 陈滋彬 2
消防科学与技术 | 应急管理研究 2026,45(5): 127-131
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消防科学与技术 |应急管理研究 2026 , 45 (5) : 127 -131
LNG接收站核心工艺流程火灾风险及防火策略
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郑仪凤,福州市仓山区消防救援大队中级专业技术职务,主要从事消防监督执法、消防产品、火灾事故调查等方面的工作,福建省福州市仓山区新桥路1号,350001,。

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郑仪凤,福州市仓山区消防救援大队中级专业技术职务,主要从事消防监督执法、消防产品、火灾事故调查等方面的工作,福建省福州市仓山区新桥路1号,350001,。

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郑仪凤1 , 张琳1, 陈滋彬2
作者信息
  • 1福州市消防救援支队,福建 福州 350001
  • 2中海福建天然气有限责任公司,福建 莆田 351156
作者简介:

郑仪凤,福州市仓山区消防救援大队中级专业技术职务,主要从事消防监督执法、消防产品、火灾事故调查等方面的工作,福建省福州市仓山区新桥路1号,350001,。

Fire risks and fire prevention strategies for core process flow in LNG receiving terminals
Yifeng Zheng1 , Lin Zhang1, Zibin Chen2
Affiliations
  • 1Fuzhou Fire and Rescue Division, Fuzhou Fujian 350001, China
  • 2CNOOC Fujian Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Putian Fujian 351156, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0127.05
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以LNG接收站的关键工艺为基础,重点分析工艺过程中的消防安全。首先介绍液化天然气(LNG)的特性及国内液化天然气行业的现状,然后强调了LNG接收站在供应链中扮演的重要角色。以我国首个独立引进、建设和管理的某LNG接收站为案例,探讨卸船、储存和BOG处理等关键工艺流程中的火灾隐患,确认甲类危险级别以及池火、喷射火等潜在风险。进一步从设施设计开始,建立“智能化+一体化”防火体系,同时完善“责任+制度”的管理闭环,提出针对性的预防方案,为LNG接收站的安全运行提供参考。

LNG接收站  /  火灾风险  /  防火技术

Based on the key processes of LNG receiving terminals, this paper focuses on the fire safety analysis during process operation. Firstly, the properties of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the current situation of the domestic LNG industry are introduced, followed by an emphasis on the important role of LNG receiving terminals in the energy supply chain. Taking an LNG receiving terminal—the first one independently introduced, constructed and managed in China—as a case study, the potential fire hazards in key process flows such as ship unloading, storage and BOG treatment are discussed, with its Class A hazard level and potential risks including pool fires and jet fires identified. Furthermore, starting from facility design, an "intelligent + integrated" fire prevention system is established, and a management closed loop featuring "responsibility + system" is improved. Corresponding preventive measures are proposed to provide references for the safe operation of LNG receiving terminals.

LNG receiving terminal  /  fire risk  /  fire prevention technology
郑仪凤, 张琳, 陈滋彬. LNG接收站核心工艺流程火灾风险及防火策略. 消防科学与技术, 2026 , 45 (5) : 127 -131 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0127.05
Yifeng Zheng, Lin Zhang, Zibin Chen. Fire risks and fire prevention strategies for core process flow in LNG receiving terminals[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2026 , 45 (5) : 127 -131 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0127.05
液化天然气(LNG)由净化后的天然气在常压下深冷至-162 ℃后发生相变而生成,其主要成分是甲烷,杂质含量极少,具有无味、无毒、无腐蚀性的特点,被广泛认为是清洁的化石能源[1-2]。液化天然气不仅能作为发电、工业生产及家庭生活中的燃料来源,其主要成分甲烷还可作为化工领域的基础原料,广泛用于生产肥料、合成甲醇和醋酸。液化天然气常存放在温度约-162 ℃、压力约0.1 MPa的低温储罐中。通过液化技术,天然气的体积显著减小,为相同质量气态时体积的1/600。按照换算标准,1 t液化天然气能够汽化为1 350标准立方米的天然气,其密度通常为430~470 kg/m3。蒸发气会与空气混合形成易燃气体,爆炸范围为5%~15%。因此,低温冻伤和泄漏后的汽化爆炸燃烧是液化天然气行业的主要风险[3-4]。
在我国,液化天然气产业涵盖从上游供应到下游应用的完整产业链。储运技术不断更新,政策支持力度加大,市场需求规模迅速扩大。作为产业链的核心枢纽,LNG接收站是连接国际LNG交易与国内能源使用的重要载体。截至2025年,全国累计运营的LNG接收站达到39个,年接卸能力达到1.93亿t,储罐总容量超过2 860万m3。预计到2026年底,将有5个新接收站投入使用,另有3个现有接收站完成扩建。届时,运行中的接收站总数将达到47个,年总接卸能力达到2.15亿t,比2025年增加2 200万t,增幅为11.4%。预计到2030年底,全国的接卸能力将超过每年2.45亿t。在技术实力方面,中国已启用18座27万m3的超大型LNG储罐,占全球同类储罐总量的70%。接收站的所有工艺设备实现了全面国产化,不仅确保了产业稳定运行,还有效降低了运维成本。作为“进口-储存-汽化-外输”这一链条的核心环节,LNG接收站的正常运转对地区能源供应的安全至关重要。
某LNG接收站是国内企业独立引进、开发和管理的大型天然气工程,为区域核心能源基础设施,承担着区域内超一半的天然气供应任务。其业务涵盖接收站运营、管网运营、资源采购与市场拓展、工程建设等板块,投运后为区域内多个城市的居民、工业用户及燃气电厂供应气源,输送网络覆盖核心区域及邻近地带,推动了区域天然气的规模化应用,优化了能源消费结构,助力清洁能源发展与产业结构升级。
液化天然气接收站主要用来接收和储存液化天然气,将其转化为气态,并通过管道或利用槽罐车运输。该LNG接收站包括1个专门为8.0~21.5万m3船舶设计的码头、6个16万m3的完整混凝土储罐、高压输送泵、使用海水进行汽化的开架式装置以及20个用于槽车装载的装车装置。
在工艺操作初期,液化天然气通过卸船臂装置进入卸料总管,并被输送到岸上的储罐进行存储。在陆上储罐中,低压泵负责将部分液化天然气输送至槽车装车系统进行转运,而其余部分则送入再冷凝器。在再冷凝器中,液化天然气借助冷量冷凝回收加压后的蒸发气体(BOG)。随后液态天然气经高压泵提升压力,再经气化器转化为气态天然气并输送至首站,最终由首站接入输配管网,对外输送使用。
某 LNG 接收站采用再冷凝工艺作为核心技术流程,各核心系统运行方式如下:码头装卸船系统配置4台16英寸LNG 卸船臂(含1台液气两用臂)及1台16英寸气相回输臂,设计卸船速率14 000 m³/h。卸船过程中产生的蒸发气(BOG),一部分经气相回输臂返回船舱,维持船舱压力平衡;其余蒸发气进入BOG处理系统进行处置。储罐系统一期建设2座16×10⁴ m³全容式储罐,远期规划增设4座储罐。为避免罐内LNG出现分层,储罐采用顶部+底部同时进料设计,并通过BOG压缩机调控罐内压力。BOG 系统设置3台往复式压缩机,对蒸发气进行增压处理,增压后的气体进入再冷凝器,与经冷却的液化天然气接触实现再冷凝(后续将新增 1 台再冷凝器)。高压泵系统一期配置4台高压输出泵,将LNG增压后输送至4台开架式气化器完成汽化。汽化后的天然气经计量橇计量,再通过色谱仪监测组分与热值,合格后外输供气。
配套保障及特殊处理:第一阶段设有10个装车位,并远期额外预留10个装车位。LNG通过装车臂输送至槽车,随后槽车的气相回输至BOG总管。装车过程中产生的残余液体,通过管线收集并加压回输至低压排净总管。由于邻近电厂消防设施不足,计划建1个二级消防站,并配备1艘可以进行消防和拖船作业的船,以确保船泊操作安全。在特定工作条件下,若卸船臂发生故障,液气两用臂将投入使用。在BOG系统维护期间,多余的蒸发气体会被排放到火炬。为了保障储罐安全,其正常压力由BOG处理系统主动调节;当系统超压时,安全阀自动起跳泄放;当出现负压风险时,破真空阀自动开启补气,必要时可通过氮气进行负压保护。
1)LNG接收站涉及的主要火灾危险物包括液化天然气和天然气,组分及特性如表1、表2所示,Sm3为20 ℃、0.1 MPa条件下的气体体积。液态LNG的密度为432.10 kg/m3。LNG接收站的主要功能是满足城市及周边地区的用气需求,外输产品的规格及产量如表3、表4所示。
2)危险物料相关参数及防控要求。液化天然气(LNG)和天然气(NG)均属于甲类火灾危险物质。除了存在火灾和爆炸的危险之外,液化天然气的低温还可能导致设备出现脆裂,人员有冻伤风险。此外,若蒸发气体在密闭空间中积聚,则可能引发窒息风险。因此,应使用高效泡沫控制气体的传播和减少热辐射,使用化学干粉或CO2灭火剂进行灭火。在操作环境中,要确保温度控制和通风良好,并配备低温防护设备。需持续监控压力和温度,以防止对设备的损害,整个过程需远离火源并进行隔离。
3)对关键工艺单元和设备的火灾风险评估。考虑到LNG/NG的火灾特性,液化天然气的卸船、储存、运输及汽化操作,以及天然气的输送过程都属于甲类火灾风险。具体的危险因素分析如表5所示。
天然气的主要成分为甲烷,体积分数在85.0%~99.5%之间。天然气易燃易爆,火灾与爆炸风险较高,其燃烧放热量大、热辐射强,易形成大面积火灾,并具有复燃、复爆的特性。天然气与空气混合后,浓度处于爆炸极限范围内时遇明火即会爆炸,是LNG事故中危害最严重的情形;浓度低于爆炸下限时,遇明火则可能发生燃烧。常压下LNG的温度约为-162 ℃,液态时难以被直接点燃,一旦泄漏后汽化为天然气便具备易燃易爆性,气液体积膨胀比约为 1∶600。低压泄漏的LNG会形成液池并逐步挥发形成可燃蒸气云,遇火源可能引发池火;高压天然气泄漏被引燃易形成喷射火;若蒸气云先扩散后遇火源点燃,则可能发生闪火[5]。
LNG/NG中各组分的基本性质如表6所示,表中数据来自《石油化工设计手册》第1卷。
设计公司需持有至少乙级的石油化工或市政工程设计资质证书,而安装施工企业则必须具有一级安装施工资质和三类压力容器安装许可证。站区与邻近建筑物的一侧需要设置高度不低于2.20 m的防火墙,站内建筑的耐火等级应达到二级或以上。储罐、管道、阀门等容易出现泄漏的部件宜露天安装。储罐需配备安全阀、放空阀、调压阀,以及超压和液位过高或过低报警系统。管道、法兰和阀门在低温情况下应采用真空绝热型以及低温等级的不锈钢材质,且需装备保冷套。储存罐的液相连接管道和汽化器入口的管道需配备紧急关闭阀,以便处理泄漏问题。在爆炸危险区域使用的电气设备和控制装置应至少达到Ⅰ级隔爆标准,区域设计需符合第二类防雷规范。此外,应配置充足的消防设备和安全设施,并安装泄漏、气体及火焰检测系统,以便泄漏时及时激活自动保护措施,全方位加强消防安全防护[6]。
在改进站内基本消防设施的同时,打造一个“智能化赋能+一体化融合”的完整安全防护系统[3][7]。建立LNG管理和监测预警平台,并部署智能感知设备,如消防主机监控和电气火灾监控。这些设备全天候监测人员、物品、环境和管理方面的四维数据,结合算法模型深入探究数据价值,以自动评估风险和识别潜在隐患,提高安全管理效率。针对配电柜、厨房、UPS电池间等区域,设计电气自动灭火装置、厨房专用灭火设备以及超细干粉灭火系统,确保设备能够有效处理各种火灾。同时,打通从监测到预警再到处置的完整信息流,融入法律法规以规范操作流程,推动通过分级分责的管理方式强化责任落实,确保在火灾初期阶段实现迅速响应。将消防与安全数据集成并以单一图形显示,通过防灾智盒边缘计算终端实现数据的深入综合。建立跨平台协同机制,当出现异常情况时自动触发消防预警,并在火灾发生时确保安全通道畅通。日常巡查则优化为一次操作即可实现双重检查。建立联合应急指挥机制,促进多个部门的协同作战,利用技术创新将传统的被动防御转化为主动防控,从而显著提高LNG接收站的消防安全[8]。LNG接收站智能化防控体系如图1所示。
液化天然气接收站消防安全管理的重点在于严格落实企业安全生产主体责任,构建层级清晰、责任明确的消防安全管理体系。公司消防安全管理实行总经理负责制,总经理作为消防安全第一责任人,全面负责消防安全工作的统筹协调与重大决策。安全总监分管全站消防安全具体事务,QHSE部门(质量、健康、安全、环境部)作为专职管理部门,牵头组织日常消防安全管理工作的落实。各职能部门协同配合,接收站及分输站安全经理、各部门负责人按照职责分工,分别保障接收站生产运行、设备维修、管道运营等关键环节的安全[9]。
某接收站的消防安全网格如图2所示。在现场执行层面,分输站站长、安保经理、消防队长等岗位人员,重点负责站场及管道的安全管控与消防管理工作。工艺一至四班班长带领一线岗位人员,严格落实各岗位消防安全责任。调度、港务、仓储等相关管理部门协同配合,确保各项配套安全措施落地执行。
该管理体系以“责任落实+制度执行”为核心,建立“责任落实-评估考核-奖惩兑现”的闭环管理机制,清晰明确从决策层到执行层的责任传递链条。通过开展日常防火巡查、隐患闭环治理、设备定期维保、针对性安全培训及季度应急演练等工作,重点强化储罐、低温工艺管道等高风险区域的安全管控,有效防范LNG泄漏、火灾爆炸等事故发生。
液化天然气接收站作为连接国内外天然气贸易、保障区域能源稳定供给的关键枢纽,其安全持续运营直接关系清洁能源产业链的顺畅运转与社会能源安全。本文结合某LNG接收站的实践经验,深入分析了LNG因常压下的低温特性及以甲烷为主的高挥发性所引发的燃爆风险,明确了卸船系统、储罐区、BOG(蒸发气)处理系统等核心工艺单元存在的火灾安全隐患,并从3方面提出系统性解决方案:一是通过强化设施设计规范提升物理防护水平;二是依托“智能化监测”与“安全、消防一体化”技术创新,构建动态预警体系;三是通过“分级责任制+全流程管理制度”优化管理模式,形成立体化安全管理闭环。这些措施覆盖设计施工、日常运维等全生命周期环节,推动安全管理从被动应对向主动预防转型,为同类 LNG 接收站提供了切实可行的实践参考。未来,需进一步深化智能技术应用,压实企业主体责任,持续优化安全管理机制,为我国LNG产业高质量发展筑牢消防安全根基。

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2026年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0127.05
  • 接收时间:2026-01-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-07
  • 修回日期:2026-02-09
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    1福州市消防救援支队,福建 福州 350001
    2中海福建天然气有限责任公司,福建 莆田 351156
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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