Article(id=1320165854029918358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, issueId=1320165840046117035, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0014.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=1761580800000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681667095, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681667095, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681667095, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681667095, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165840046117035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, year='2026', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681663762, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681663762, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=14, endPage=19, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320165854235439255, articleId=1320165854029918358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=EN, title=Study on the changing law of the traces of shear tools under the conditions of gas explosion, columnId=1307033097116086459, journalTitle=Fire Science and Technology, columnName=Fire theory study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The practice of suspects using gas explosions to conceal tool marks at crime scenes poses challenges for case investigations, yet research on the retention patterns of cutting tool marks in gas explosion environments remains relatively scarce. This study examines gas rubber hoses cut by household scissors. Using an instantaneous high-temperature experimental platform (heating durations of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000 ms) and a full-scale gas explosion experimental platform, combined with digital cameras, stereomicroscopes, and energy dispersive spectrometers, we systematically analyzed and compared the morphological and elemental composition changes on the cut surfaces of the rubber hoses. Results indicate that under instantaneous high-temperature conditions with heating durations below 200 ms, shearing tool marks remain identifiable via stereomicroscopy. When heating exceeds 400 ms, marks become unrecognizable due to severe carbonization and ablation. Comparisons between full-scale explosions and 200 ms instantaneous high-temperature conditions revealed that both scenarios yielded identifiable surface shearing tool marks morphologically. Elemental content differences primarily resulted from varying oxidation environments and thermal intensity. This study provides theoretical foundations and technical support for identifying and analyzing shearing tool marks in gas explosion cases.

, authors=Peng Tang, Ling Liu, Yujian Ye, authorsList=Peng Tang, Ling Liu, Yujian Ye, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ling Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320165856257093804, articleId=1320165854029918358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, language=CN, title=燃气爆炸条件下剪类工具痕迹变化规律研究, columnId=1307033099062243517, journalTitle=消防科学与技术, columnName=消防理论研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

犯罪嫌疑人利用燃气爆炸掩盖犯罪现场工具痕迹的行为对案件侦破构成了挑战,而剪类工具痕迹在燃气爆炸环境下的留存规律研究相对匮乏。本文以家用剪刀剪切的燃气橡胶管为研究对象,通过瞬时高温试验平台(受热时间为200、400、600、800、1 000 ms)和全尺寸燃气爆炸试验平台,结合数码相机、体视显微镜和能谱仪,系统分析并比较了橡胶管剪切面的形貌与元素成分变化规律。结果表明,瞬时高温条件受热时间在200 ms以内时,剪类工具痕迹仍可通过体视显微镜识别;受热时间大于400 ms时,痕迹因严重炭化烧蚀无法辨识。全尺寸爆炸与瞬时高温200 ms工况对比显示,二者在形貌上均可识别表面剪类工具痕迹;在元素含量上存在一定差异,主要由氧化环境和热作用强度决定。本研究为燃气爆炸案件中剪类工具痕迹的鉴定与分析提供了理论依据和技术支持。

, authors=唐鹏, 刘玲, 叶宇舰, authorsList=唐鹏, 刘玲, 叶宇舰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘玲, authorNote=

唐鹏,中国人民警察大学硕士研究生,主要从事涉火涉爆犯罪侦查技术方面的研究,河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号中国人民警察大学研究生三队,065000。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘玲,中国人民警察大学教授,。
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唐鹏,中国人民警察大学硕士研究生,主要从事涉火涉爆犯罪侦查技术方面的研究,河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号中国人民警察大学研究生三队,065000。

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唐鹏,中国人民警察大学硕士研究生,主要从事涉火涉爆犯罪侦查技术方面的研究,河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号中国人民警察大学研究生三队,065000。

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燃气爆炸条件下剪类工具痕迹变化规律研究
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唐鹏 , 刘玲 , 叶宇舰
消防科学与技术 | 消防理论研究 2026,45(5): 14-19
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消防科学与技术 |消防理论研究 2026 , 45 (5) : 14 -19
燃气爆炸条件下剪类工具痕迹变化规律研究
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[Author(id=1320165856601026737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165854029918358, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320165856684912819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165854029918358, authorId=1320165856601026737, language=EN, stringName=Peng Tang, firstName=Peng, middleName=null, lastName=Tang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1China People's Police University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320165856819130548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274063662022745, articleId=1320165854029918358, authorId=1320165856601026737, language=CN, stringName=唐鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1中国人民警察大学,河北 廊坊 065000, bio={"content":"

唐鹏,中国人民警察大学硕士研究生,主要从事涉火涉爆犯罪侦查技术方面的研究,河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号中国人民警察大学研究生三队,065000。

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唐鹏,中国人民警察大学硕士研究生,主要从事涉火涉爆犯罪侦查技术方面的研究,河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号中国人民警察大学研究生三队,065000。

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唐鹏, 刘玲 , 叶宇舰
作者信息
  • 1中国人民警察大学,河北 廊坊 065000
通讯作者:
刘玲,中国人民警察大学教授,。
作者简介:

唐鹏,中国人民警察大学硕士研究生,主要从事涉火涉爆犯罪侦查技术方面的研究,河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号中国人民警察大学研究生三队,065000。

Study on the changing law of the traces of shear tools under the conditions of gas explosion
Peng Tang, Ling Liu , Yujian Ye
Affiliations
  • 1China People's Police University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0014.06
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犯罪嫌疑人利用燃气爆炸掩盖犯罪现场工具痕迹的行为对案件侦破构成了挑战,而剪类工具痕迹在燃气爆炸环境下的留存规律研究相对匮乏。本文以家用剪刀剪切的燃气橡胶管为研究对象,通过瞬时高温试验平台(受热时间为200、400、600、800、1 000 ms)和全尺寸燃气爆炸试验平台,结合数码相机、体视显微镜和能谱仪,系统分析并比较了橡胶管剪切面的形貌与元素成分变化规律。结果表明,瞬时高温条件受热时间在200 ms以内时,剪类工具痕迹仍可通过体视显微镜识别;受热时间大于400 ms时,痕迹因严重炭化烧蚀无法辨识。全尺寸爆炸与瞬时高温200 ms工况对比显示,二者在形貌上均可识别表面剪类工具痕迹;在元素含量上存在一定差异,主要由氧化环境和热作用强度决定。本研究为燃气爆炸案件中剪类工具痕迹的鉴定与分析提供了理论依据和技术支持。

瞬时高温  /  橡胶管  /  剪类工具痕迹  /  燃气爆炸现场

The practice of suspects using gas explosions to conceal tool marks at crime scenes poses challenges for case investigations, yet research on the retention patterns of cutting tool marks in gas explosion environments remains relatively scarce. This study examines gas rubber hoses cut by household scissors. Using an instantaneous high-temperature experimental platform (heating durations of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000 ms) and a full-scale gas explosion experimental platform, combined with digital cameras, stereomicroscopes, and energy dispersive spectrometers, we systematically analyzed and compared the morphological and elemental composition changes on the cut surfaces of the rubber hoses. Results indicate that under instantaneous high-temperature conditions with heating durations below 200 ms, shearing tool marks remain identifiable via stereomicroscopy. When heating exceeds 400 ms, marks become unrecognizable due to severe carbonization and ablation. Comparisons between full-scale explosions and 200 ms instantaneous high-temperature conditions revealed that both scenarios yielded identifiable surface shearing tool marks morphologically. Elemental content differences primarily resulted from varying oxidation environments and thermal intensity. This study provides theoretical foundations and technical support for identifying and analyzing shearing tool marks in gas explosion cases.

transient heat  /  rubber tube  /  shear tool marks  /  gas explosion site
唐鹏, 刘玲, 叶宇舰. 燃气爆炸条件下剪类工具痕迹变化规律研究. 消防科学与技术, 2026 , 45 (5) : 14 -19 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0014.06
Peng Tang, Ling Liu, Yujian Ye. Study on the changing law of the traces of shear tools under the conditions of gas explosion[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2026 , 45 (5) : 14 -19 . DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0014.06
随着犯罪嫌疑人反侦查意识的提升,犯罪嫌疑人可能利用燃气爆炸掩盖和破坏犯罪现场的工具痕迹,严重威胁人民群众生命财产安全和社会稳定。常见的工具痕迹可以分为撬压痕迹、打击痕迹、擦划痕迹、钳剪痕迹、刺切痕迹和割削痕迹6种[1]。犯罪嫌疑人通常使用家用剪刀剪断连接燃气灶的橡胶管,致使燃气泄漏从而引爆现场。燃气爆炸主要由瞬时高温和冲击波组成[2],这两种作用会导致案件现场的工具痕迹发生显著变化。因此,研究燃气爆炸条件下橡胶管断面剪切工具痕迹,对案件侦破至关重要。
梳理现有研究可知,学者们在爆炸与工具痕迹领域已有诸多探索。LIU Q M等[3]在体积为1.16 m3的爆炸容器中,分析了火焰传播规律和气体爆炸特征。HJERTAGER B H[4]在密闭空间,通过改变障碍物的结构和形状,研究了大型障碍物对爆炸的加速作用,以及燃气浓度对爆炸威力和火焰传播的影响。CAO M T等[5]研究了低浓度气体在大型管道中的爆炸及泄爆行为,通过试验和Fluent数值模拟平台,探讨了不同浓度气体爆炸的传播与泄爆特性,分析了爆炸超压与火焰传播的关系。李大武等[6]研究了铝、铁、铜等金属材料钳剪痕迹特征受高温影响的特征变化,试验表明,在500 ℃下,120 min内,痕迹线条基本保持清晰,可进行同一认定;600 ℃下,加热超过一定时间后,痕迹因氧化而模糊,酸洗处理可有效恢复部分被氧化遮盖的痕迹特征,为高温环境下工具痕迹的检验鉴定提供科学依据。崔军等[7]通过检验特定案件现场遗留的剪切痕迹,结合案发区域附件的断线钳样品,确定作案现场剪切工具的种类、品牌和型号。BROWN N等[8]针对燃气爆炸常见的聚乙烯材质的燃气管开展断裂试验,发现了两种断裂模式:脆性和缓慢裂纹扩展,分析了失效机理及挤压导致爆炸的故障原因,并提出了改进ASTM标准的建议。
然而,现有研究存在明显局限:一是学者多聚焦钳类工具痕迹,剪类工具因表面线条痕迹相对不明显、检验难度更高,相关研究较为匮乏;二是工具痕迹的试验工况多局限于常温和持续高温,瞬时高温与实体爆炸工况下的工具痕迹研究严重不足,且全尺寸实体爆炸试验因实施难度大,开展尤为有限。
鉴于此,探究瞬时高温条件下剪类工具痕迹的变化规律,并与实体燃气爆炸现场的剪类工具痕迹进行比对,对燃气爆炸现场痕迹物证的调查以及通过瞬时高温试验平台模拟燃气环境具有重要的理论与实践价值。
以家用剪刀垂直剪切的燃气橡胶管为研究对象,利用瞬时高温试验平台来制备不同受热时间(200、400、600、800、1 000 ms)的试验样品,同时利用全尺寸实体爆炸试验平台制备爆炸工况样品,结合数码相机、体视显微镜和能谱仪,系统表征橡胶管剪切断面的形貌与元素成分,进而分析并对比两种工况下剪类工具痕迹的变化规律,为燃气爆炸案件中剪类工具痕迹的检验鉴定与作案工具溯源提供科学依据。
家用剪刀、燃气橡胶管(聚氯乙烯塑料,即PVC,管壁厚度(3.4±0.5) mm)。
数码相机,记录橡胶管宏观形貌变化;体视显微镜,放大观察橡胶管剪切面特征;能谱仪,对橡胶管剪切断面进行元素分析。
瞬时高温试验平台如图1所示。
该平台主要由加热炬模块和控速模块组成。加热炬模块通过预混氧气与丙烷气体,能够形成长25 cm、宽20 cm、厚度1 cm的火焰区域,火焰温度为(1 200±50) ℃,先将制备完成的橡胶管样品分别固定在夹具上,再通过调节控速模块改变样品通过火焰的速度,一次控制样品受热时间,最终实现瞬时高温的试验条件的模拟。
全尺寸燃气爆炸试验平台布局如图2所示。
试验平台的总建筑面积为117.445 m2,套内面积为100.125 m2。两室两厅一卫,规则矩形结构,包括卧室、厨房、卫生间、客厅等场景。建筑东西长为14.15 m,南北宽为8.3 m;每个房间均开设有一个窗户。为了真实还原典型居民住宅内家具阻塞特征,房间内设置障碍物,包含沙发、桌椅、床柜、冰箱等一般性家具,按照典型布局布置。
通过室外供气系统向全尺寸燃气爆炸试验平台提供天然气,室内燃气体积分数控制在8%。起爆点设定为厨房北侧卧室的床头,采用电火柴头起爆方式引燃。
采用家用剪刀对橡胶管进行垂直一次性剪切,通过固定角度与力度,确保剪切方式一致。为降低偶然误差,每个试验工况下均设置3组平行试验。剪切完成后,将橡胶管样品分别置于瞬时高温试验平台中,通过控速模块控制受热时间分别为200、400、600、800、1 000 ms。待样品在平台内自然冷却至室温再取出,留存备用以进行后续形貌观测与成分分析。
将制备好的橡胶管样品,使用双面胶固定于全尺寸燃气爆炸试验平台中厨房南侧货架的侧面,橡胶管固定位置距地面高度为20 cm,其现场实际放置位置如图3所示。
试验前后,使用数码相机记录橡胶管剪切断面的宏观形貌特征,并通过体视显微镜的放大功能进一步观察断面的微观形貌变化。利用能谱仪(EDS)对剪切断面进行元素成分分析,为确保数据的可靠性与重复性,在剪切断面选取3处特征点进行平行测试,取测试结果的平均值作为最终分析数据。通过上述方法,全面分析橡胶管剪切面在瞬时高温环境下的形貌及元素成分变化规律。
使用数码相机对瞬时高温受热前后橡胶管剪切断面进行记录,如图4所示。
图4(a)为橡胶管原始样本断面图片,可见切面表面平整,颜色和纹理大部分表现为未经处理的橡胶材质特征,部分区域工具痕迹清晰,剪切痕迹表现为白色连续的曲线。这表明材料在常温下具有足够的硬度和韧性,可以保持剪切加工痕迹。图4(b)为瞬时高温处理200 ms后的照片,可以观察到剪切断面大部分区域留有烟熏痕迹,烟熏痕迹较轻,剪切工具痕迹仍可见。随着受热时间增加到400、600 ms,如图4(c)、(d)所示,橡胶管表面的热氧化反应加剧,表面炭化愈加严重,颜色进一步加深,表面出现轻微的焦化现象,高温使材料软化,剪切工具痕迹开始变得模糊。当受热时间延长至800、1 000 ms时,材料表面呈现严重的烧蚀和炭化痕迹,表明材料在高温下经历了剧烈的热解和氧化过程,表面材料几乎完全被破坏,此时无法识别到断面的剪类工具痕迹。
图5为体视显微镜放大20倍后,受热前后橡胶管的剪切断面。
图5(a)为原始样品(受热0 ms),可以观察到,橡胶管剪切断面清晰可见剪刀剪切线条痕迹,纹理特征明显,断面颜色均匀,剪切纹理部分表现为白色平行线条,反映出橡胶的原始材质特性。受热200 ms时,断面剪切痕迹逐渐模糊,但部分剪切线条痕迹呈现长条粘连现象。随着过火时间增加,断面颜色开始变黑,橡胶管断面内径和外径出现局部炭化发黑以及烧焦迹象,内径炭化相对更加明显,橡胶结构开始受到轻微破坏,但整体形貌仍基本保持。受热时间为400~1 000 ms时,剪切痕迹逐渐消失,断面出现严重热损伤与炭化现象,整体颜色烧焦发黑,形貌极度不规则,橡胶结构破坏程度进一步加重,伴随出现微小裂纹或气泡。
使用体视显微镜对受热0 ms(原始样品)和受热200 ms的橡胶管剪切面放大30倍后进一步观察,结果如图6所示。
原始样品的剪切面可清晰观测到家用剪刀作用留下的大量线条状痕迹,且痕迹线条之间呈平行分布。线条痕迹的粗细特征与家用剪刀加工纹线及刃口状态直接相关。经调研,家庭场景中广泛使用的8.5寸家用剪刀,其刃部通常采用细油石或细磨石加工,具有细腻的加工纹线和良好的刃口平度。该类工具特征使其在作用于橡胶管客体时,会形成具有独特规律性与可识别性的痕迹,与本试验中观测到的平行白色线条痕迹完全吻合。受热时间为200 ms时,橡胶管剪切面的线条状剪切痕迹为长条凸起炭化粘连形态,剪切面其他区域也出现炭化痕迹,但并未形成长条状结构。这一现象表明,在200 ms瞬时高温作用下,橡胶管虽发生局部炭化,但剪类工具作用留下的核心痕迹特征仍未完全消失,通过体视显微镜(30倍放大)可有效识别剪切工具痕迹。
使用能谱仪对橡胶管剪切面进行元素分析,重点探究C、O、Cl 3种特征元素的质量分数随受热时间的变化规律,如图7所示。
C元素质量分数先波动后显著跃升。受热时间为0 ms时,C元素的初始质量分数为58.63%;受热200~800 ms,在54.23%~71.56%范围内波动;受热1 000 ms时,急剧升至92.59%,较初始值提升约57.9%。从机理上分析,瞬时高温会触发橡胶管有机成分的分解与碳化反应:初期高温导致材料分子链断裂,碳元素分布不均,表现为质量分数波动;随受热时间延长,碳元素逐渐富集;当受热时间达到1 000 ms时,碳化反应成为主导过程,非碳成分大量挥发,最终推动C元素质量分数大幅上升。
O元素质量分数呈“先升后降”趋势。受热时间为0 ms时,O元素初始质量分数仅为0.91%;受热200~600 ms时持续上升,600 ms时达到峰值15.36%;受热600 ms后开始下降,1 000 ms时降至5.33%。这一变化与橡胶管的热氧化反应进程相关:受热200~600 ms时,橡胶管剪切面材料与氧气充分反应生成含氧化合物,导致O元素含量显著增加;600 ms后,材料中的活性基团逐渐消耗,氧化反应趋于完全,同时含氧化合物发生分解挥发,且碳化反应逐渐占据主导,最终导致O元素含量下降。
Cl元素含量随受热时间延长呈持续下降趋势。受热时间为0 ms时,Cl元素初始质量分数为40.46%;随受热时间增加,Cl元素含量逐渐降低,1 000 ms时降至0.94%,较初始值下降97.7%。结合PVC材质的热解特性分析:PVC的热解过程分为两个阶段,即PVC的脱氧化氢和脱氯后PVC分解[9],第一阶段热解发生在240~400 ℃,主要为HCl和其他氯化烃的释放[10],第二阶段热解发生在400~425 ℃范围内,这一阶段的主要反应是共轭多烯的重排和环化反应,生成芳香族化合物的同时有HCl气体析出,主要挥发物为苯和苯衍生物[11]。HCl气体持续释放,是Cl元素含量持续下降的核心原因。
图8为实体爆炸条件与瞬时高温(受热200 ms)条件下,橡胶管剪切断面宏观形貌图。
由于瞬时高温其他条件下相貌特征相差较大,因此选取受热200 ms的试验样品进行比对分析。经观察,两种条件下橡胶管剪切面均呈现较为规则的圆形,图8(a)中,橡胶管剪切断面呈现出均匀橙黄色,断面整体较为光滑,表面无明显的裂纹或变形,热影响区域相对较小,且主要集中在剪切边缘附近;图8(b)中,橡胶管剪切断面颜色较深,整体已出现炭化现象,同时边缘部分存在轻微变形与烧焦痕迹,热影响区域范围更大,整个剪切断面均呈现出明显的热作用痕迹。
图9为实体爆炸条件与瞬时高温(受热200 ms)作用下,橡胶管剪切断面经体视显微镜放大30倍后的观测图像。
由图9(a)可见,橡胶管剪切断面变得粗糙,表面内径与外径存在明显炭化痕迹,呈橡胶管原始橘黄色,断面中间区域则为灰白色。橡胶管内径和外径存在明显炭化现象,表面附着炭化颗粒,推测这是由于爆炸冲击和瞬时高温耦合作用引发了橡胶管的高温氧化反应。仍可见凹陷的平行线条,与原始样品特征相似,可以判定为剪切工具痕迹。此外,实体爆炸和瞬时高温样品均呈现一定程度的炭化,内外径炭化严重,中间部分炭化相对较轻,形貌特征存在相似之处,断面上剪类工具痕迹可识别,瞬时高温条件下炭化更加严重且相对均匀。
图10为实体爆炸与瞬时高温受热200 ms工况下橡胶管剪切面的能谱数据。
对比实体爆炸与瞬时高温受热200 ms工况,二者C元素含量差异较小,说明在初始高温阶段,橡胶管的碳基骨架尚未发生显著的碳化富集或分解流失,材料的有机成分保留度较高。实体爆炸环境中O元素含量显著更高,这是因为全尺寸燃气爆炸试验是在开放的室内环境中进行,爆炸过程中氧气供应充足,橡胶管剪切面与氧气发生了剧烈的氧化反应,生成大量含氧化合物;而瞬时高温试验平台的热作用相对封闭,氧气参与程度较低,氧化反应较弱。瞬时高温受热时Cl元素含量更高,可结合PVC材质的热解特性分析。PVC热解脱氯过程受温度与时间的协同影响,瞬时高温200 ms时,热解处于初始阶段,脱氯反应尚未大量发生;而实体爆炸环境中,爆炸的高温持续时间虽短,但能量密度极高,更易触发PVC的脱氯反应(如HCl气体释放),导致Cl元素含量下降更为明显。
综上所述,实体爆炸与瞬时高温受热200 ms工况下,橡胶管剪切面的元素含量差异主要由氧化环境(氧气供应)和热作用强度(能量密度与持续时间)共同决定。实体爆炸的开放富氧环境促进了氧化反应(O含量升高),同时高强度热作用加速了PVC脱氯(Cl含量降低);而瞬时高温200 ms工况的相对封闭环境与中等热作用强度,使氧化反应较弱、脱氯反应尚未充分发生,呈现出与实体爆炸不同的元素含量特征。这种差异为进一步探究燃气爆炸环境下剪类工具痕迹的留存机理提供了成分层面的依据。
瞬时高温环境对剪类工具痕迹形貌的影响具有阶段性。受热时间在200 ms以内时,橡胶管剪切面虽有炭化粘连特征,但剪类工具的平行线条痕迹仍可通过体视显微镜识别;当受热时间达到400 ms及以上时,剪切面炭化严重,剪切工具痕迹无法识别。
瞬时高温下橡胶管剪切面元素含量变化与PVC的热解、氧化反应密切相关。C元素随受热时间延长先波动后显著富集,O元素呈先升后降趋势,Cl元素持续下降,其变化规律与PVC的阶段性热解脱氯反应机制一致。
全尺寸燃气爆炸环境与瞬时高温工况下的剪类工具痕迹存在显著差异:形貌上,实体爆炸与瞬时高温受热200 ms时均能识别剪类工具痕迹,但实体爆炸后剪切面热影响区域更广泛,且炭化分布不均;元素含量上,C元素含量差异小,而实体爆炸环境因开放富氧和高强度热作用,表现为O元素含量更高、Cl元素含量更低。
本研究中明确了燃气爆炸环境下,剪类工具痕迹的可识别阈值(火焰温度(1 200±50) ℃,受热时间200 ms以内),揭示了不同瞬时高温工况下痕迹留存的差异及其机理。研究成果可为燃气爆炸案件中,剪类工具痕迹的检验鉴定、作案工具溯源提供科学依据,为瞬时高温试验模拟燃气爆炸现场的方法有效性提供了数据支持。

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2026年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.05.0014.06
  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18
  • 修回日期:2025-10-28
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    1中国人民警察大学,河北 廊坊 065000

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刘玲,中国人民警察大学教授,。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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