Article(id=1269679029138391809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, issueId=1269678996485734867, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2026.03.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756742400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1780644670042, onlineDateStr=2026-06-05, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1780644670042, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1780644670042, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780644670042, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1269678996485734867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, year='2026', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='3', pageEnd='183', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1780644662255, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780644725097, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1269679260173234368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, issueId=1269678996485734867, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1269679260173234369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, issueId=1269678996485734867, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3, endPage=17, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1269679029482324740, articleId=1269679029138391809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, language=EN, title=Automatic Generation of Research Questions Based on Large Language Models, columnId=1269679029411021571, journalTitle=Journal of Modern Information, columnName=INFORMATION METHODOLOGY and TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Purpose/Significance Scientific questions serve as the starting point of scientific inquiry, determining the depth, breadth, and impact of research endeavors. However, amidst the exponential growth of global scientific publications, identifying high-value research gaps from the vast volume of literature has become an overwhelming cognitive burden for researchers. Consequently, developing automated methodologies to generate research questions from large-scale literature is of critical importance.
Method/Process To address this need, this paper proposed the Automatic Generation Method of Scientific Questions(AGMSQ), a novel framework leveraging Large Language Models(LLMs). By tailoring the generation process to specific question types, AGMSQ guided LLMs to produce high-quality research questions that were structurally rigorous and deeply grounded in the literature context. The method comprised three core modules: the Scientific Question Classification Module, the Generation Template Design Module, and the LLM Generation Module. First, the Classification Module categorized questions into five types: descriptive, explanatory, methodological, evaluative, and normative. This fine-grained taxonomy enabled the model to capture the distinct logical patterns and semantic requirements inherent to different modes of scientific inquiry, thereby enhancing the precision of generation. Second, the Template Design Module constructed element-generation templates based on the structural principles of each question type. It integrated key element triplets extracted from “Future Work Sentences”(FWS) with domain extension search topics, which were matched to the triplets via semantic distance. Finally, the LLM Generation Module utilized parameter-fine-tuned models—including ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, Claude 3 Sonnet, and Gemini Pro—to synthesize research questions based on the combined input elements. Additionally, the study introduced two quantitative indicators—the Utilization Rate of Prompts(URP) and the Occupancy Rate of New Words(ORN)—to evaluate and optimize the generation performance of the LLMs.
Result/Conclusion The experiments utilize an FWS dataset sourced from the natural language processing domain, specifically targeting the generation of methodological questions. Expert evaluations indicate that the research questions generated by AGMSQ demonstrate favorable performance in terms of clarity, originality, feasibility, and academic value. Notably, among the evaluated models, Claude 3 Sonnet exhibits the superior generation performance. Furthermore, quantitative analysis based on URP and ORN metrics corroborates the expert findings, confirming that the optimized prompts effectively reduce semantic redundancy and increase the efficient utilization of input information. These findings validate the capability of LLMs to generate methodological questions within the natural language processing domain, offering empirical evidence and valuable insights for future exploration across diverse disciplines and question types. Overall, this study offers new insights and tools for automating research topic selection, representing a concrete practice of the “AI for Science” paradigm.
, correspAuthors=Chao Min, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ning Zhou, Chao Min, Tao Fan, Yuxuan Liu, Wen Zhang, Qinjian Yuan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1269679031571088149, articleId=1269679029138391809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, language=CN, title=基于大语言模型的科学问题自动生成研究, columnId=1269679029574599429, journalTitle=现代情报, columnName=情报方法与技术创新, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的/意义 科学问题是科学研究的起点,决定了科学研究的深度、广度及其影响。探索一种从海量的科技文献中自动生成科学问题的方法对提高科研选题效率具有重要意义。
方法/过程 本文提出了一种利用大语言模型从科技文献中自动生成科学问题的方法(AGMSQ)。首先,将科学问题划分为描述性、解释性、方法性、评价性和规范性五类;其次,根据科学问题的类型和结构,设计输入要素组合,由“未来工作句子”(FWS)中提取的关键要素三元组和领域扩展搜索主题构成;最后,利用参数微调的大语言模型ChatGPT-4、ChatGPT-3.5、Claude3 Sonnet和Gemini Pro根据输入要素组合生成科学问题。
结果/结论 利用自然语言处理领域的FWS数据集进行方法性问题的生成,根据专家评估的结果,模型生成的科学问题在清晰度、原创性、可行性、价值上均有良好的表现,其中Claude3 Sonnet生成效果最好。研究证明了大语言模型在科学问题生成方面的能力,为科学问题自动生成的研究提供了新思路。
, correspAuthors=闵超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
闵超(1990-),男,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向:科技情报挖掘、科技创新政策。
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周凝(2001-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:科技大数据挖掘、科技情报分析
范涛(1995-),男,讲师,博士,研究方向:自然语言处理
刘雨萱(2005-),女,本科生,研究方向:计算社会科学
张雯(1994-),女,助理研究员,博士后,研究方向:产业科技创新
袁勤俭(1969-),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向:信息行为与信息经济。
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1School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing210023,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1269679032804213547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, authorId=1269679032384783143, language=CN, stringName=周凝, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1南京大学信息管理学院,江苏南京210023, bio={"content":"
周凝(2001-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:科技大数据挖掘、科技情报分析
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1南京大学信息管理学院,江苏南京210023, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1269679031818552087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1269679031826940696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, companyId=1269679031818552087, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1南京大学信息管理学院,江苏南京210023)])]), Author(id=1269679033328501554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1269679033680823092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, authorId=1269679033328501554, language=EN, stringName=Tao Fan, firstName=Tao, middleName=null, lastName=Fan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2School of Public Administration,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing210023,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1269679033768903477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, authorId=1269679033328501554, language=CN, stringName=范涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2南京财经大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023, bio={"content":"
范涛(1995-),男,讲师,博士,研究方向:自然语言处理
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范涛(1995-),男,讲师,博士,研究方向:自然语言处理
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2南京财经大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023)])]), Author(id=1269679034083476279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1269679034205111097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, authorId=1269679034083476279, language=EN, stringName=Yuxuan Liu, firstName=Yuxuan, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3School of Social and Behavioral,Nanjing University,Nanjing210023,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1269679034494518074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, authorId=1269679034083476279, language=CN, stringName=刘雨萱, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3南京大学社会学院,江苏南京210023, bio={"content":"
刘雨萱(2005-),女,本科生,研究方向:计算社会科学
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刘雨萱(2005-),女,本科生,研究方向:计算社会科学
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1, 4, address=
1School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing210023,China
4Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences,Nanjing210004,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1269679034989445952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, authorId=1269679034561626940, language=CN, stringName=张雯, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1南京大学信息管理学院,江苏南京210023
4江苏省社会科学院,江苏南京210004, bio={"content":"
张雯(1994-),女,助理研究员,博士后,研究方向:产业科技创新
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张雯(1994-),女,助理研究员,博士后,研究方向:产业科技创新
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1, address=
1School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing210023,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1269679035413070661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, authorId=1269679035085914946, language=CN, stringName=袁勤俭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1南京大学信息管理学院,江苏南京210023, bio={"content":"
袁勤俭(1969-),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向:信息行为与信息经济。
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袁勤俭(1969-),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向:信息行为与信息经济。
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42(3):295-302., articleTitle=Determining Objects,Adjuncts and Complements in English, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1269679044053336980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Levin B, journalName=English Verb Classes and Alternations:A Preliminary Investigation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Levin B.
English Verb Classes and Alternations:A Preliminary Investigation[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,
1993., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1269679044120445845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Baek J, Jauhar S K, Cucerzan S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Baek J,
Jauhar S K,
Cucerzan S,
et al.ResearchAgent:Iterative Research Idea Generation Over Scientific Literature With Large Language Models[EB/OL].[2025-12-01].
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.07738., articleTitle=ResearchAgent:Iterative Research Idea Generation Over Scientific Literature With Large Language Models, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1269679031818552087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1269679031826940696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, companyId=1269679031818552087, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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科学问题自动生成分析框架, figureFileSmall=CfqvxcxjusoX+9Vpwmrqvg==, figureFileBig=Y4EK3Qs3T4bybDBDzIvrSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679037967401810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Classification Framework of Scientific Questions, figureFileSmall=LFMl02GjiNJJsGiBFOtK2A==, figureFileBig=LQMm7kKPav2HfCXznDT3aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038080648019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
科学问题分类框架, figureFileSmall=LFMl02GjiNJJsGiBFOtK2A==, figureFileBig=LQMm7kKPav2HfCXznDT3aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038143562580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
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Workflow for Automatic Scientific Question Generation in NLP Domain, figureFileSmall=DTuet1OoMv4ImXED0B2e7g==, figureFileBig=Wf7kllcq9Rpt5NMY2L882A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038500078423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
NLP领域科学问题自动生成实验流程, figureFileSmall=DTuet1OoMv4ImXED0B2e7g==, figureFileBig=Wf7kllcq9Rpt5NMY2L882A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038558798680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Active Topics in ACL Abstracts From 2021 to 2023, figureFileSmall=zZbcqkrgFMOv1iZjksNmkw==, figureFileBig=t9FdtOacaVBeOYjRS1YL1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038625907545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
2021—2023年的ACL摘要活跃主题, figureFileSmall=zZbcqkrgFMOv1iZjksNmkw==, figureFileBig=t9FdtOacaVBeOYjRS1YL1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038705599322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Top 20 Average Cosine Similarities, figureFileSmall=BaRqvahL4wu4VbfdPZOqVg==, figureFileBig=kxcQzKW0FD9m8HqBZtYxqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038781096795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
前20名的平均余弦相似度, figureFileSmall=BaRqvahL4wu4VbfdPZOqVg==, figureFileBig=kxcQzKW0FD9m8HqBZtYxqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038844011356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Radar Chart Depicting Average Scores of Four Models, figureFileSmall=+l8c6r0vGxCVYzHwF94wdw==, figureFileBig=JJoLzNvQuF5XaQ5YyI8ZSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679038919508829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
4个模型在不同维度平均得分的雷达图, figureFileSmall=+l8c6r0vGxCVYzHwF94wdw==, figureFileBig=JJoLzNvQuF5XaQ5YyI8ZSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1269679039011783518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Question Types and Generation Strategies
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| 问题类型 | 对象 | 问题指向 | 解答域预设 |
|---|
| 规范性问题 | 没有统一的模板 |
| 描述性问题 | 名词短语 | 描述性定语 | 状语(附加信息) |
| 解释性问题 | 名词短语 | 动词+机制/因果关系 | 状语(附加信息) |
| 方法性问题 | 名词短语 | 动词 | 状语(附加信息) |
| 评价性问题 | 名词短语 | 定语或比较词 | 状语(附加信息) |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679039091475295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同问题类型及生成策略
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| 问题类型 | 对象 | 问题指向 | 解答域预设 |
|---|
| 规范性问题 | 没有统一的模板 |
| 描述性问题 | 名词短语 | 描述性定语 | 状语(附加信息) |
| 解释性问题 | 名词短语 | 动词+机制/因果关系 | 状语(附加信息) |
| 方法性问题 | 名词短语 | 动词 | 状语(附加信息) |
| 评价性问题 | 名词短语 | 定语或比较词 | 状语(附加信息) |
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Machine Learning Model Performance on FWS Identification
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| 模型 | 训练集 | 测试集 |
|---|
| 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 | 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 |
|---|
| 随机森林 | 0.851 | 0.847 | 0.849 | 0.857 | 0.845 | 0.851 |
| 逻辑回归 | 0.867 | 0.862 | 0.864 | 0.870 | 0.859 | 0.865 |
| SVM | 0.878 | 0.875 | 0.876 | 0.875 | 0.884 | 0.879 |
| 朴素贝叶斯 | 0.919 | 0.918 | 0.918 | 0.951 | 0.951 | 0.951 |
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机器学习模型在识别FWS上的表现
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| 模型 | 训练集 | 测试集 |
|---|
| 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 | 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 |
|---|
| 随机森林 | 0.851 | 0.847 | 0.849 | 0.857 | 0.845 | 0.851 |
| 逻辑回归 | 0.867 | 0.862 | 0.864 | 0.870 | 0.859 | 0.865 |
| SVM | 0.878 | 0.875 | 0.876 | 0.875 | 0.884 | 0.879 |
| 朴素贝叶斯 | 0.919 | 0.918 | 0.918 | 0.951 | 0.951 | 0.951 |
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Performance of Rule-Based Matching Methods
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| 规则引入方式 | 训练集 | 测试集 |
|---|
| 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 | 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 |
|---|
| A | 0.918 | 0.519 | 0.663 | 0.922 | 0.532 | 0.675 |
| A+C-F | 0.512 | 0.729 | 0.602 | 0.526 | 0.734 | 0.613 |
| A+C-F (下采样) | 0.853 | 0.726 | 0.784 | 0.857 | 0.745 | 0.797 |
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规则匹配方法的匹配效果
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| 规则引入方式 | 训练集 | 测试集 |
|---|
| 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 | 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 |
|---|
| A | 0.918 | 0.519 | 0.663 | 0.922 | 0.532 | 0.675 |
| A+C-F | 0.512 | 0.729 | 0.602 | 0.526 | 0.734 | 0.613 |
| A+C-F (下采样) | 0.853 | 0.726 | 0.784 | 0.857 | 0.745 | 0.797 |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679039636734820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Performance of BERT Model
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| 批量大小 | 学习率 | 最大输入 长度 | 训练集 | 测试集 |
|---|
| 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 | 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 |
|---|
| 8 | 1e-6 | 256 | 0.914 | 0.849 | 0.880 | 0.777 | 0.671 | 0.720 |
| 32 | 1e-6 | 128 | 0.949 | 0.932 | 0.940 | 0.869 | 0.723 | 0.789 |
| 32 | 1e-6 | 256 | 0.947 | 0.932 | 0.939 | 0.883 | 0.774 | 0.825 |
| 64 | 1e-6 | 128 | 0.943 | 0.937 | 0.940 | 0.861 | 0.692 | 0.767 |
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不同参数下BERT模型的识别效果
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| 批量大小 | 学习率 | 最大输入 长度 | 训练集 | 测试集 |
|---|
| 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 | 精确度 | 召回率 | F1值 |
|---|
| 8 | 1e-6 | 256 | 0.914 | 0.849 | 0.880 | 0.777 | 0.671 | 0.720 |
| 32 | 1e-6 | 128 | 0.949 | 0.932 | 0.940 | 0.869 | 0.723 | 0.789 |
| 32 | 1e-6 | 256 | 0.947 | 0.932 | 0.939 | 0.883 | 0.774 | 0.825 |
| 64 | 1e-6 | 128 | 0.943 | 0.937 | 0.940 | 0.861 | 0.692 | 0.767 |
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Most Frequent Key Noun Phrases
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| 关键名词短语 | 出现次数 |
|---|
| nlp tasks | 60 |
| machine translation | 53 |
| training data | 41 |
| language pairs | 38 |
| relation extraction | 28 |
| future works | 23 |
| wider range | 18 |
| information extraction | 16 |
| joint model | 16 |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679039871615847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
出现次数最多的关键名词短语
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| 关键名词短语 | 出现次数 |
|---|
| nlp tasks | 60 |
| machine translation | 53 |
| training data | 41 |
| language pairs | 38 |
| relation extraction | 28 |
| future works | 23 |
| wider range | 18 |
| information extraction | 16 |
| joint model | 16 |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679039951307624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=
Key Phrases and Top Ten Active Topics Based on Cosine Similarity
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| information retrieval | state space | robust model |
|---|
| information retrieval | state space | robust model prompt |
| information retrieval explainability | representation space | robust models |
| retrieval model | feature space | models robust |
| retrieval task | problem space | robust system |
| human computer information retrieval approach | search space | robust framework |
| text retrieval | online space | robust representations |
| retrieval results | answer space | robust encoder |
| retrieval performance | emotion space | robust ie |
| propose retrieval | test state | accurate robust |
| multi stage information retrieval pipeline | benchmark state | robust instances |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679040035193705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
部分关键短语与余弦相似度前十的活跃主题
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| information retrieval | state space | robust model |
|---|
| information retrieval | state space | robust model prompt |
| information retrieval explainability | representation space | robust models |
| retrieval model | feature space | models robust |
| retrieval task | problem space | robust system |
| human computer information retrieval approach | search space | robust framework |
| text retrieval | online space | robust representations |
| retrieval results | answer space | robust encoder |
| retrieval performance | emotion space | robust ie |
| propose retrieval | test state | accurate robust |
| multi stage information retrieval pipeline | benchmark state | robust instances |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679040173605738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=
Generation Performance of Different Parameter Combinations
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| 参数组合 | Temperature | Top_p | Presence_penalty | Frequency_penalty | URP | ORN |
|---|
| 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.633 | 0.30 |
| 2 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.688 | 0.342 |
| 3 | 0.8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.517 | 0.43 |
| 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.41 | 0.547 |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679040253297515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
不同参数组合的生成效果
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| 参数组合 | Temperature | Top_p | Presence_penalty | Frequency_penalty | URP | ORN |
|---|
| 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.633 | 0.30 |
| 2 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.688 | 0.342 |
| 3 | 0.8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.517 | 0.43 |
| 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.41 | 0.547 |
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Scientific Questions Generated by ChatGPT-4
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| 序号 | 输入要素组合 | 科学问题 |
|---|
| 1 | [Verb]:include inferring the [Keyword]:structure representations [Additional information]:amr external smt knowledge [Field keyword1]:structure level [Field keyword2]:dialogue structure | Inferring Structure Representations in Dialogue Systems with AMR and External SMT Knowledge |
| 2 | [Verb]: integrate further nlp-based features [Keyword]:coreference resolution [Additional information]:question answering well citation classification graphical navigation [Field keyword1]:event coreference resolution [Field keyword2]:entity resolution | Enhancing NLP Features for Coreference Resolution in Question Answering and Citation Classification |
| 3 | [Verb]:include topics by [Keyword]:latent dirichlet allocation [Additional information]:additional view [Field keyword1]:latent relations [Field keyword2]:latent variables | Employing Latent Dirichlet Allocation to Explore Latent Relations and Variables in Text Data |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679040412681069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
ChatGPT-4生成的科学问题
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| 序号 | 输入要素组合 | 科学问题 |
|---|
| 1 | [Verb]:include inferring the [Keyword]:structure representations [Additional information]:amr external smt knowledge [Field keyword1]:structure level [Field keyword2]:dialogue structure | Inferring Structure Representations in Dialogue Systems with AMR and External SMT Knowledge |
| 2 | [Verb]: integrate further nlp-based features [Keyword]:coreference resolution [Additional information]:question answering well citation classification graphical navigation [Field keyword1]:event coreference resolution [Field keyword2]:entity resolution | Enhancing NLP Features for Coreference Resolution in Question Answering and Citation Classification |
| 3 | [Verb]:include topics by [Keyword]:latent dirichlet allocation [Additional information]:additional view [Field keyword1]:latent relations [Field keyword2]:latent variables | Employing Latent Dirichlet Allocation to Explore Latent Relations and Variables in Text Data |
), ArticleFig(id=1269679040513344366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1269656373470969926, articleId=1269679029138391809, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=
URP and ORN Generated by LLMs
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| 指标 | ChatGPT-4 | ChatGPT-3.5 | Claude3 Sonnet | Gemini Pro | ChatGPT-5 | DeepSeek R1 |
|---|
| URP | 0.694 | 0.875 | 0.848 | 0.707 | 0.672 | 0.923 |
| ORN | 0.372 | 0.327 | 0.16 | 0.477 | 0.222 | 0.091 |
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大语言模型问题生成的URP和ORN
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| 指标 | ChatGPT-4 | ChatGPT-3.5 | Claude3 Sonnet | Gemini Pro | ChatGPT-5 | DeepSeek R1 |
|---|
| URP | 0.694 | 0.875 | 0.848 | 0.707 | 0.672 | 0.923 |
| ORN | 0.372 | 0.327 | 0.16 | 0.477 | 0.222 | 0.091 |
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Mean Scores of Models Evaluated on Four Dimensions
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| 模型 | 清晰度 | 原创性 | 可行性 | 价值/ 意义 | 四维 均分 |
|---|
| ChatGPT-4 | 3.08 | 2.75 | 3.17 | 3.22 | 3.06 |
| Claude3 Sonnet | 3.36 | 3.04 | 3.04 | 3.30 | 3.18 |
| Gemini Pro | 3.14 | 2.64 | 3.23 | 3.14 | 3.04 |
| ChatGPT-3.5 | 2.89 | 2.43 | 2.97 | 2.74 | 2.76 |
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不同模型在4个维度上的平均得分
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| 模型 | 清晰度 | 原创性 | 可行性 | 价值/ 意义 | 四维 均分 |
|---|
| ChatGPT-4 | 3.08 | 2.75 | 3.17 | 3.22 | 3.06 |
| Claude3 Sonnet | 3.36 | 3.04 | 3.04 | 3.30 | 3.18 |
| Gemini Pro | 3.14 | 2.64 | 3.23 | 3.14 | 3.04 |
| ChatGPT-3.5 | 2.89 | 2.43 | 2.97 | 2.74 | 2.76 |
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Examples of Scientific Questions Generated by LLMs
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| 模型 | 科学问题及创新摘要 |
|---|
| ChatGPT-4 | 标题:Analyzing Human Needs Through Affective Events,Narrative Stories, and Conversations 输入要素:[Verb]:analyzing the;[Keyword]:human needs;[Additional information]:affective events narrative stories conversations;[Field keyword1]:annotator needs;[Field keyword2]:nmt system needs 创新摘要:人类的情感需求和反应对于设计更为人性化的交互系统非常关键。这项研究通过分析情感事件、叙事故事和对话内容来理解人类的基本需求和情绪反应。这对于改进聊天机器人、推荐系统和其他基于用户交互的应用非常有价值,可以使这些系统更加贴近用户的实际需求和情感状态。 平均得分:清晰度3.92;原创性3.08;可行性3.67;价值/意义3.92 |
| Claude3 Sonnet | 标题:Incorporating Open Vocabulary and Copy Mechanism for Explicit Unseen Words Generation with Pointer-Copy Network and Novel Attention Mechanism 输入要素:[Verb]:incorporating open vocabulary and;[Keyword]:copy mechanism;[Additional information]:explicit unseen words generation;[Field keyword1]:pointer copy network;[Field keyword2]:novel attention mechanism 创新摘要:未见词生成一直是自然语言生成任务中的一大难题。该标题提出结合开放词汇和复制机制,利用指针-复制网络和新颖注意力机制进行显式未见词生成。具体来说,该方法将维护一个动态词汇表,在生成时同时预测来自已知词汇和未见词汇的token。对于后者,模型将利用指针网络从源序列复制相应token。同时,新颖的注意力机制将进一步增强未见词生成的能力。通过显式对待未见词,该方法能够有效缓解未见词带来的问题,从而提高生成质量。此外,开放词汇和复制机制也有助于提升模型的泛化能力,为构建通用生成系统奠定基础。 平均得分:清晰度4.17;原创性3.17;可行性3.83;价值/意义3.75 |
| Gemini Pro | 标题:Integrating a Richer Contextual Representation of Tone and Intonation Consistent for Improved Consistent Style and Way Consistent 输入要素:[Verb]:integrate a richer contextual representation of tone and;[Keyword]:intonation consistent;[Additional information]:phonetic theory within unsupervised;[Field keyword1]:consistent style;[Field keyword2]:way consistent 创新摘要:语调和声调在自然语言处理中扮演着关键角色。本研究旨在将更细腻的语调和声调表示集成到模型中,以提高一致风格和方式的处理能力。这一创新方法将推动涉及口语理解和情感分析等领域的发展,为构建更人性化的智能系统带来新的机遇。 平均得分:清晰度3.42;原创性2.92;可行性3.25;价值/意义3.42 |
| ChatGPT-3.5 | 标题:Dig Deeper on the Benefits of Sparse Attention: Sparse Attention Matrix Estimation Module for Sparse Latent Representations 输入要素:[Verb]:dig deeper on the benefits of;[Keyword]:sparse attention;[Additional information]:terms better interpretability context aware nmt models;[Field keyword1]:sparse attention matrix estimation module;[Field keyword2]:sparse latent representations 创新摘要:这个研究深入探讨了稀疏注意力机制的优势,并重点开发了用于稀疏潜在表示的稀疏注意力矩阵估计模块。通过研究稀疏注意力在自然语言处理模型中的应用优势,旨在提高注意力机制的解释性、效率和性能。这项研究对于稀疏注意力在机器翻译、情感分析和文本分类等各种自然语言处理任务中的理解和应用具有重要意义。 平均得分:清晰度3.25;原创性3.08;可行性3.42;价值/意义3.67 |
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大语言模型生成的问题示例
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| 模型 | 科学问题及创新摘要 |
|---|
| ChatGPT-4 | 标题:Analyzing Human Needs Through Affective Events,Narrative Stories, and Conversations 输入要素:[Verb]:analyzing the;[Keyword]:human needs;[Additional information]:affective events narrative stories conversations;[Field keyword1]:annotator needs;[Field keyword2]:nmt system needs 创新摘要:人类的情感需求和反应对于设计更为人性化的交互系统非常关键。这项研究通过分析情感事件、叙事故事和对话内容来理解人类的基本需求和情绪反应。这对于改进聊天机器人、推荐系统和其他基于用户交互的应用非常有价值,可以使这些系统更加贴近用户的实际需求和情感状态。 平均得分:清晰度3.92;原创性3.08;可行性3.67;价值/意义3.92 |
| Claude3 Sonnet | 标题:Incorporating Open Vocabulary and Copy Mechanism for Explicit Unseen Words Generation with Pointer-Copy Network and Novel Attention Mechanism 输入要素:[Verb]:incorporating open vocabulary and;[Keyword]:copy mechanism;[Additional information]:explicit unseen words generation;[Field keyword1]:pointer copy network;[Field keyword2]:novel attention mechanism 创新摘要:未见词生成一直是自然语言生成任务中的一大难题。该标题提出结合开放词汇和复制机制,利用指针-复制网络和新颖注意力机制进行显式未见词生成。具体来说,该方法将维护一个动态词汇表,在生成时同时预测来自已知词汇和未见词汇的token。对于后者,模型将利用指针网络从源序列复制相应token。同时,新颖的注意力机制将进一步增强未见词生成的能力。通过显式对待未见词,该方法能够有效缓解未见词带来的问题,从而提高生成质量。此外,开放词汇和复制机制也有助于提升模型的泛化能力,为构建通用生成系统奠定基础。 平均得分:清晰度4.17;原创性3.17;可行性3.83;价值/意义3.75 |
| Gemini Pro | 标题:Integrating a Richer Contextual Representation of Tone and Intonation Consistent for Improved Consistent Style and Way Consistent 输入要素:[Verb]:integrate a richer contextual representation of tone and;[Keyword]:intonation consistent;[Additional information]:phonetic theory within unsupervised;[Field keyword1]:consistent style;[Field keyword2]:way consistent 创新摘要:语调和声调在自然语言处理中扮演着关键角色。本研究旨在将更细腻的语调和声调表示集成到模型中,以提高一致风格和方式的处理能力。这一创新方法将推动涉及口语理解和情感分析等领域的发展,为构建更人性化的智能系统带来新的机遇。 平均得分:清晰度3.42;原创性2.92;可行性3.25;价值/意义3.42 |
| ChatGPT-3.5 | 标题:Dig Deeper on the Benefits of Sparse Attention: Sparse Attention Matrix Estimation Module for Sparse Latent Representations 输入要素:[Verb]:dig deeper on the benefits of;[Keyword]:sparse attention;[Additional information]:terms better interpretability context aware nmt models;[Field keyword1]:sparse attention matrix estimation module;[Field keyword2]:sparse latent representations 创新摘要:这个研究深入探讨了稀疏注意力机制的优势,并重点开发了用于稀疏潜在表示的稀疏注意力矩阵估计模块。通过研究稀疏注意力在自然语言处理模型中的应用优势,旨在提高注意力机制的解释性、效率和性能。这项研究对于稀疏注意力在机器翻译、情感分析和文本分类等各种自然语言处理任务中的理解和应用具有重要意义。 平均得分:清晰度3.25;原创性3.08;可行性3.42;价值/意义3.67 |
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