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制造技术分为等材、减材、增材制造三类，目前增材制造主要分为3D打印和4D打印等。3D打印成形结构件和功能构件，是目前应用最广的增材制造技术，4D打印在3D打印基础上增加了时空轴，突破了传统3D打印成形的局限性，让构件的形状、性能、功能具备动态可编程的特性，得到智能构件。本文结合4D打印技术的实际研发与应用实践，从概念与内涵、技术本质、全球研究格局、核心材料体系、工程应用、发展瓶颈及趋势等方面展开分析，明确4D打印是通过材料与结构的双重设计，让增材制造的智能构件在外部能场刺激下，实现形状、性能、功能随时间、空间可控变化的技术。该技术在航空航天、生物医学、柔性电子、可穿戴设备等领域展现出广阔的应用前景，但面临材料、工艺、产业化等多方面的制约，未来需依托多学科交叉、人工智能融合、绿色可持续发展等途径实现技术突破，推动增材制造技术向更高维度、更智能化方向发展。

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史玉升教授，华中科技大学华中学者卓越岗首席教授，亚太材料科学院院士，曾任中央军委国防科技创新特区主题专家组首席科学家。现任空间新材料与在轨制造专家组成员、中国材料学会增材制造材料分会和中国有色学会增材制造分会的主任委员、中国航天科技集团有限公司增材制造工艺技术中心专家委员会主任、数字化材料加工技术与装备国家地方联合工程实验室（湖北）主任，中国机械工程学会增材制造分会副主任委员等职务。获国家科技进步二等奖2项、国家技术发明二等奖1项、中国十大科技进展1项、中国智能制造十大科技进展1项、省部级一等奖13项、发明创业奖特等奖暨当代发明家、全国创新争先奖状、十佳全国优秀科技工作者提名奖、国务院政府特殊津贴、武汉市科技重大贡献奖个人奖、湖北省五一劳动奖章等称号。领导的团队入选湖北省和教育部创新团队。

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史玉升教授，华中科技大学华中学者卓越岗首席教授，亚太材料科学院院士，曾任中央军委国防科技创新特区主题专家组首席科学家。现任空间新材料与在轨制造专家组成员、中国材料学会增材制造材料分会和中国有色学会增材制造分会的主任委员、中国航天科技集团有限公司增材制造工艺技术中心专家委员会主任、数字化材料加工技术与装备国家地方联合工程实验室（湖北）主任，中国机械工程学会增材制造分会副主任委员等职务。获国家科技进步二等奖2项、国家技术发明二等奖1项、中国十大科技进展1项、中国智能制造十大科技进展1项、省部级一等奖13项、发明创业奖特等奖暨当代发明家、全国创新争先奖状、十佳全国优秀科技工作者提名奖、国务院政府特殊津贴、武汉市科技重大贡献奖个人奖、湖北省五一劳动奖章等称号。领导的团队入选湖北省和教育部创新团队。

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