Article(id=1307088322564747331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025040, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681920000000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-20, revisedDate=1736611200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-12, acceptedDate=1742486400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-21, onlineDate=1789563740625, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563740625, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563740625, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563740625, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307087507837964779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563546379, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616219263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=264, endPage=278, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307088322761879620, articleId=1307088322564747331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Analysis on the Occurrence Characteristics of Uranium Minerals and Mineralization Conditions in the Yimin Formation of Kelulun Depression, Hailar Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The sandstone-type uranium deposit in the Kelulun Depression is the first industrial uranium deposit discovered in the Hailar Basin. In order to preliminarily identify the types, occurrence characteristics, and mineralization significance of uranium minerals in the study area, this paper conducts a systematic study of the ore-bearing sandstone in the target layer by using polarized light microscopy combined with electron probe analysis on the basis of a field investigation. The results show that uranium mineralization in the study area occurs at the front edge of the braided river delta of the Yimin Formation. The rock type of the ore-bearing target layer is mainly medium-fine-grained feldspathic litharenite, with the overall development post-generation alteration. Uranium minerals are mainly coffinite, followed by uranium-titanium oxide. Coffinite is mainly distributed in colloidal or stellate forms in or around pyrite, and a few are filled in the edges of debris particles or dissolution pits in irregular granular form. Uranium-titanium oxides are mostly distributed in irregular granular forms in the biotite cleavage cracks. The coffinite and uranium-titanium oxide, as the first discovered independent uranium minerals in the study area, fill the gap left by the absence of uranium minerals in the Hailar Basin. In terms of uranium mineralization conditions, the Permian granite and intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks in the west of the study area provide sufficient uranium sources for the sandstone-type uranium mineralization in the area. Under the action of reducing media such as oil and gas, organic carbon, and sulfides in the area, U6+ in the ore-forming fluid is reduced to U4+ and precipitated into mineralization in the form of coffinite and uranium-titanium oxide.

, authors=Fanmin MENG1, Fengjun NIE1, *, Fei XIA1, Zhaobin YAN1, Da SUN1, Wenbo ZHOU2, Rong ZHANG2, Changhong WANG2, authorsList=Fanmin MENG, Fengjun NIE, Fei XIA, Zhaobin YAN, Da SUN, Wenbo ZHOU, Rong ZHANG, Changhong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fengjun NIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307088325857275989, articleId=1307088322564747331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=海拉尔盆地克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组铀矿物赋存特征及铀成矿条件分析, columnId=1307087508710380014, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

克鲁伦凹陷砂岩型铀矿是海拉尔盆地中首次发现具有工业价值的铀矿床。为初步查明研究区铀矿物类型、赋存特征及其成矿意义等问题,笔者基于野外调查基础上,利用偏光显微镜结合电子探针微区分析方法,对区内含矿目的层含矿砂岩进行系统研究。结果表明:研究区铀矿化主要分布在伊敏组辫状河三角洲前缘,含矿目的层岩石类型主要以中–细粒长石岩屑砂岩为主,整体发育一系列后生蚀变。矿石中铀矿物主要为铀石,其次含一定量的铀钛氧矿物,铀石以胶结状、星点状形式分布于黄铁矿晶内或周围,其次少数以不规则粒状充填于碎屑颗粒边缘、裂隙或溶蚀凹坑内。铀钛氧化物多呈不规则粒状分布于黑云母解理缝中。铀石和铀钛氧化物作为区内首次揭露的独立铀矿物,总体填补了海拉尔盆地无独立铀矿物的空白。铀成矿机理方面,研究区西侧富铀花岗岩和中酸性火山岩为区内铀矿化提供了充足的铀源,在区内油气、有机碳及硫化物等还原性介质作用下,将成矿流体中U6+还原成U4+并以铀石和铀钛氧化物形式沉淀成矿。

, authors=孟繁敏1, 聂逢君1, *, 夏菲1, 严兆彬1, 孙达1, 周文博2, 张荣2, 王长虹2, authorsList=孟繁敏, 聂逢君, 夏菲, 严兆彬, 孙达, 周文博, 张荣, 王长虹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=聂逢君, authorNote=

孟繁敏(1995−),男,博士研究生,主要从事砂岩型铀矿相关研究。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
聂逢君(1962−),男,教授,博士后,长期从事砂岩型铀矿相关研究。E−mail:。
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Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2022, 145: 105879., articleTitle=Sequence Paleogeography and Coal Accumulation Model in the Fluvio-lacustrine Rift Basin: The Lower Cretaceous of the Huhehu Sag of Hailar Basin, Inner Mongolia (NE China), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307088344836501775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=111, issue=null, pageStart=102984, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=106, authorNames=null, journalName=Ore Geology Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Q, Yu R A, Feng X X, et al. Mineralpgy, Geochemistry, and Fluid Action Process of Uranium Deposits in the Zhiluo Formation, Ordos Basin, China[J]. Ore Geology Review, 2019, 111: 102984., articleTitle=Mineralpgy, Geochemistry, and Fluid Action Process of Uranium Deposits in the Zhiluo Formation, Ordos Basin, China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307088326062796886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088326071185495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, companyId=1307088326062796886, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088326079574104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, companyId=1307088326062796886, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307088326188626009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088326197014618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, companyId=1307088326188626009, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Geological Party No. 243, CNNC, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088326205403227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, companyId=1307088326188626009, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2核工业二四三大队,内蒙古 赤峰 024000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307088330689114254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Schematic diagram of tectonic unit division of Hailar basin, and (b) regional geological map of Kelulun depression, figureFileSmall=Z4FcmZ1sC/g2Gjlh30eW5g==, figureFileBig=S7LtEPk6kQKn3X1IA5lXHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088330752028815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=图1, caption=海拉尔盆地构造单元划分(a;据刘志宏等,2012修改)、克鲁伦凹陷区域地质图(b;据黄少华等,2021修改), figureFileSmall=Z4FcmZ1sC/g2Gjlh30eW5g==, figureFileBig=S7LtEPk6kQKn3X1IA5lXHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088330944966800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Early Cretaceous lithologic facies map of Kelulun Depression, figureFileSmall=L6wTfyfErzbQ/CEqoONLOw==, figureFileBig=S+8AZiFXUWiXBYmRVSZnsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331012075665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=图2, caption=克鲁伦凹陷早白垩世岩性–岩相图

LA. 冲积扇扇端亚相;BRC. 辫状河河道亚相;MRO. 河漫亚相;FDP. 三角洲平原亚相;FDPR. 前三角洲亚相;FDF. 三角洲前缘亚相;1. 伊敏组;2. 大磨拐河组;3. 白音高老组;4. 侏罗系;5. 晚侏罗系花岗岩;6. 二叠系花岗岩;7. 二叠系花岗闪长岩;8. 砂质砾岩;9. 粗砂岩;10. 红色泥岩;11. 中砂岩;12. 黑色泥岩;13. 细砂岩;14. 物源方向

, figureFileSmall=L6wTfyfErzbQ/CEqoONLOw==, figureFileBig=S+8AZiFXUWiXBYmRVSZnsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331100156050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=XXX-1 Drill hole sketch, figureFileSmall=PErAexpSQ2iB1AhEj1FSmA==, figureFileBig=N2xhTFdyWBT0WrMBeIYOhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331171459219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=图3, caption=XXX-1钻孔素描图, figureFileSmall=PErAexpSQ2iB1AhEj1FSmA==, figureFileBig=N2xhTFdyWBT0WrMBeIYOhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331238568084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Classification diagram of Yimin Formation sandstone, figureFileSmall=D7+EVviV5jlhqNnKZFc9jw==, figureFileBig=NUPh0a7Py1tsmpbtMlfzjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331314065557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=图4, caption=伊敏组砂岩分类图解(据Folk,1968修改)

Ⅰ.石英砂岩;Ⅱ.长石石英砂岩;Ⅲ.岩屑石英砂岩;Ⅳ.石英砂岩;Ⅴ.岩屑长石砂岩;Ⅵ.长石岩屑砂岩;Ⅶ.岩屑砂岩

, figureFileSmall=D7+EVviV5jlhqNnKZFc9jw==, figureFileBig=NUPh0a7Py1tsmpbtMlfzjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331389563030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Microscopic characteristics of target sandstone composition in Kelulun Depression, figureFileSmall=p8lyfJ9ay/O4PtTLgNIsNw==, figureFileBig=iNBRTKN/uwS5G5lY4UkoLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331456671895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=图5, caption=克鲁伦凹陷含矿目的层样品岩相学特征

a. 中细粒砂状结构,正交偏光,×4倍;b. 斜长石发育聚片双晶,表面发生弱绢云母化,正交偏光,×5倍;c. 微斜长石发育格子状双晶,正交偏光,×4倍;d. 花岗岩岩屑,正交偏光,×5倍;e. 安山岩岩屑,正交偏光,×5倍;f. 凝灰岩岩屑,见溶蚀港湾状石英,单偏光,×10倍;g. 黑云母发生绿泥石化,单偏光,×10倍;h. 草莓状黄铁矿,反射光,×4倍;i. 沥青细脉,单偏光,×4倍;Qtz. 石英;Pl. 斜长石;Pth. 条纹长石;Mc. 微斜长石;Py. 黄铁矿;Lit. 岩屑;Chl. 绿泥石;Asp. 沥青;Lit. 岩屑;Cal. 方解石

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a. 铀石充填在草莓状黄铁矿集合体之间,×330倍;b. 图a的局部放大,×700倍;c. 铀石围绕在草莓状黄铁矿边缘,×1900倍;d. 铀石呈星点状和微细脉状分布在碎屑石英、钾长石边缘,×550倍;e. 铀石呈微细脉状分布在碎屑石英边缘,×700倍;f. 铀石呈星点状分布在钾长石的溶蚀凹坑内,×120倍;g. 绿泥石–黄铁矿–铀石,×1400倍;h. 黑云母–黄铁矿–铀石,×2300倍;i. 绿泥石–锐钛矿–铀钛氧化物,×950倍;Cof. 铀石;U-Ti oxide. 铀钛氧化物;Qtz. 石英;Kfs. 钾长石;Ab. 钠长石;An. 钙长石;Bt. 黑云母;Ant. 锐钛矿;Chl. 绿泥石;Py. 黄铁矿

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a. 铀石充填在草莓状黄铁矿集合体之间;b. U元素含量的分布;c. Si元素含量的分布;d. S元素含量的分布;e. Fe元素含量的分布;f. Y元素含量的分布

, figureFileSmall=4I7XLcMHYkzewdMaw3Ob0w==, figureFileBig=9+8mx+xYvPQZzB0ydYM/hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331829964956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Schematic diagram of sandstone type uranium mineralization process in Kelulun depression, figureFileSmall=XGHcyY7XpCUdE/5FVmPwgg==, figureFileBig=+9wRU070q/QZ9QBPbKKp/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331901268125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=图8, caption=克鲁伦凹陷砂岩型铀成矿过程示意图, figureFileSmall=XGHcyY7XpCUdE/5FVmPwgg==, figureFileBig=+9wRU070q/QZ9QBPbKKp/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088331976765598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Statistical table of skeleton mineral composition of the Yimin Formation sandstone (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号粒径(mm)QmQpQFLLt
21HL0010.14~0.22351348193346
21HL0020.12~0.4045550153540
21HL0030.10~0.4035742203845
21HL0040.14~0.4533942233544
21HL0050.15~0.5140545253035
21HL0060.16~0.3237845202533
21HL0070.15~0.37391150203031
21HL0080.13~0.2530535155055
21HL0090.20~0.5031839253644
21HL0100.25~0.43401050252030
21HL0110.05~0.20261238144860
21HL0120.15~0.4935540253540
21HL0130.17~0.30291140174354
21HL0140.10~0.30301646153955
21HL0150.15~0.5020535155055
21HL0160.25~0.4533538203237
21HL0170.35~0.49351045103545
21HL0180.45~0.48401252153850
21HL0190.25~0.50352055133252
21HL0200.10~0.45401050123848
21HL0210.20~0.44451055202535
), ArticleFig(id=1307088332052263071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

伊敏组砂岩骨架矿物成分统计表(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号粒径(mm)QmQpQFLLt
21HL0010.14~0.22351348193346
21HL0020.12~0.4045550153540
21HL0030.10~0.4035742203845
21HL0040.14~0.4533942233544
21HL0050.15~0.5140545253035
21HL0060.16~0.3237845202533
21HL0070.15~0.37391150203031
21HL0080.13~0.2530535155055
21HL0090.20~0.5031839253644
21HL0100.25~0.43401050252030
21HL0110.05~0.20261238144860
21HL0120.15~0.4935540253540
21HL0130.17~0.30291140174354
21HL0140.10~0.30301646153955
21HL0150.15~0.5020535155055
21HL0160.25~0.4533538203237
21HL0170.35~0.49351045103545
21HL0180.45~0.48401252153850
21HL0190.25~0.50352055133252
21HL0200.10~0.45401050123848
21HL0210.20~0.44451055202535
), ArticleFig(id=1307088332140343456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

EPMA analysis of Uranium minerals in the Yimin Formation, Kelulun Depression (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点号SiO2Al2O3CaOTiO2ZrO2Y2O3UO2P2O5FeOTotal类型
HL-112.280.081.710.120.021.3365.911.143.0485.63铀石
HL-28.850.004.240.320.031.0763.895.082.1885.66
HL-314.060.071.690.140.031.5965.801.470.3385.18
HL-413.180.031.820.130.001.8768.262.421.9989.70
HL-512.120.014.251.880.020.0262.961.582.7885.62
HL-611.890.993.210.380.112.2763.784.151.4788.25
HL-711.720.314.040.220.062.0260.033.823.2385.45
HL-810.890.563.810.350.002.8562.846.853.0791.22
HL-99.980.223.560.370.002.9463.385.712.8388.99
HL1014.480.171.100.360.031.9159.495.222.1984.95
HL1111.500.192.430.340.181.1165.123.811.7786.45
HL1210.850.152.420.330.171.0765.313.452.0785.82
HL1313.310.211.760.420.441.3259.914.313.6985.37
HL1413.290.332.252.042.540.0369.691.370.4992.03
HL1515.410.462.222.192.560.0261.990.770.4286.04
HL164.302.601.1251.560.440.0724.430.023.0187.55铀钛氧化物
HL1711.425.031.3943.550.410.0023.220.041.6886.74
HL188.693.401.3043.320.680.0426.870.041.4185.75
HL197.185.240.7244.550.680.0026.940.001.0786.38
HL202.151.882.1655.200.720.0024.310.051.7088.17
HL215.052.310.7351.970.340.0027.590.011.1489.14
HL224.892.671.0943.930.570.0329.400.072.1084.75
HL238.180.161.0549.850.022.0922.561.680.2185.80
), ArticleFig(id=1307088332241006753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组铀矿物电子探针分析结果(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点号SiO2Al2O3CaOTiO2ZrO2Y2O3UO2P2O5FeOTotal类型
HL-112.280.081.710.120.021.3365.911.143.0485.63铀石
HL-28.850.004.240.320.031.0763.895.082.1885.66
HL-314.060.071.690.140.031.5965.801.470.3385.18
HL-413.180.031.820.130.001.8768.262.421.9989.70
HL-512.120.014.251.880.020.0262.961.582.7885.62
HL-611.890.993.210.380.112.2763.784.151.4788.25
HL-711.720.314.040.220.062.0260.033.823.2385.45
HL-810.890.563.810.350.002.8562.846.853.0791.22
HL-99.980.223.560.370.002.9463.385.712.8388.99
HL1014.480.171.100.360.031.9159.495.222.1984.95
HL1111.500.192.430.340.181.1165.123.811.7786.45
HL1210.850.152.420.330.171.0765.313.452.0785.82
HL1313.310.211.760.420.441.3259.914.313.6985.37
HL1413.290.332.252.042.540.0369.691.370.4992.03
HL1515.410.462.222.192.560.0261.990.770.4286.04
HL164.302.601.1251.560.440.0724.430.023.0187.55铀钛氧化物
HL1711.425.031.3943.550.410.0023.220.041.6886.74
HL188.693.401.3043.320.680.0426.870.041.4185.75
HL197.185.240.7244.550.680.0026.940.001.0786.38
HL202.151.882.1655.200.720.0024.310.051.7088.17
HL215.052.310.7351.970.340.0027.590.011.1489.14
HL224.892.671.0943.930.570.0329.400.072.1084.75
HL238.180.161.0549.850.022.0922.561.680.2185.80
), ArticleFig(id=1307088332333281442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Uranium activation rate of rocks in erosion source area of Hailar Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性样品数现测铀值(10−6)古铀值(10−6)活化率(%)数据来源
变质混合岩类72.9~7.69~1015.0~55.0何建国,2002
古生代浅变质岩类84.957.030.0何建国,2002
华力西期花岗岩类292.7~22.318.0~50.055.0~90.0夏毓亮等,2006
燕山期花岗岩类202.8~5.411.0~15.065.0~75.0夏毓亮等,2006
酸性火山岩类182.1~12.322.087.0张书义,2020;李晓光等,2021
), ArticleFig(id=1307088333620932771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088322564747331, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

海拉尔盆地蚀源区岩石铀活化率表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性样品数现测铀值(10−6)古铀值(10−6)活化率(%)数据来源
变质混合岩类72.9~7.69~1015.0~55.0何建国,2002
古生代浅变质岩类84.957.030.0何建国,2002
华力西期花岗岩类292.7~22.318.0~50.055.0~90.0夏毓亮等,2006
燕山期花岗岩类202.8~5.411.0~15.065.0~75.0夏毓亮等,2006
酸性火山岩类182.1~12.322.087.0张书义,2020;李晓光等,2021
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海拉尔盆地克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组铀矿物赋存特征及铀成矿条件分析
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孟繁敏 1 , 聂逢君 1, * , 夏菲 1 , 严兆彬 1 , 孙达 1 , 周文博 2 , 张荣 2 , 王长虹 2
西北地质 | 中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026,59(3): 264-278
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西北地质 |中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026 , 59 (3) : 264 -278
海拉尔盆地克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组铀矿物赋存特征及铀成矿条件分析
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孟繁敏1 , 聂逢君1, * , 夏菲1, 严兆彬1, 孙达1, 周文博2, 张荣2, 王长虹2
作者信息
  • 1东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 2核工业二四三大队,内蒙古 赤峰 024000
通讯作者:
聂逢君(1962−),男,教授,博士后,长期从事砂岩型铀矿相关研究。E−mail:。
作者简介:

孟繁敏(1995−),男,博士研究生,主要从事砂岩型铀矿相关研究。E−mail:

Analysis on the Occurrence Characteristics of Uranium Minerals and Mineralization Conditions in the Yimin Formation of Kelulun Depression, Hailar Basin
Fanmin MENG1 , Fengjun NIE1, * , Fei XIA1, Zhaobin YAN1, Da SUN1, Wenbo ZHOU2, Rong ZHANG2, Changhong WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
  • 2Geological Party No. 243, CNNC, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025040
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克鲁伦凹陷砂岩型铀矿是海拉尔盆地中首次发现具有工业价值的铀矿床。为初步查明研究区铀矿物类型、赋存特征及其成矿意义等问题,笔者基于野外调查基础上,利用偏光显微镜结合电子探针微区分析方法,对区内含矿目的层含矿砂岩进行系统研究。结果表明:研究区铀矿化主要分布在伊敏组辫状河三角洲前缘,含矿目的层岩石类型主要以中–细粒长石岩屑砂岩为主,整体发育一系列后生蚀变。矿石中铀矿物主要为铀石,其次含一定量的铀钛氧矿物,铀石以胶结状、星点状形式分布于黄铁矿晶内或周围,其次少数以不规则粒状充填于碎屑颗粒边缘、裂隙或溶蚀凹坑内。铀钛氧化物多呈不规则粒状分布于黑云母解理缝中。铀石和铀钛氧化物作为区内首次揭露的独立铀矿物,总体填补了海拉尔盆地无独立铀矿物的空白。铀成矿机理方面,研究区西侧富铀花岗岩和中酸性火山岩为区内铀矿化提供了充足的铀源,在区内油气、有机碳及硫化物等还原性介质作用下,将成矿流体中U6+还原成U4+并以铀石和铀钛氧化物形式沉淀成矿。

砂岩型铀矿  /  铀石  /  铀钛氧化物  /  伊敏组  /  克鲁伦凹陷

The sandstone-type uranium deposit in the Kelulun Depression is the first industrial uranium deposit discovered in the Hailar Basin. In order to preliminarily identify the types, occurrence characteristics, and mineralization significance of uranium minerals in the study area, this paper conducts a systematic study of the ore-bearing sandstone in the target layer by using polarized light microscopy combined with electron probe analysis on the basis of a field investigation. The results show that uranium mineralization in the study area occurs at the front edge of the braided river delta of the Yimin Formation. The rock type of the ore-bearing target layer is mainly medium-fine-grained feldspathic litharenite, with the overall development post-generation alteration. Uranium minerals are mainly coffinite, followed by uranium-titanium oxide. Coffinite is mainly distributed in colloidal or stellate forms in or around pyrite, and a few are filled in the edges of debris particles or dissolution pits in irregular granular form. Uranium-titanium oxides are mostly distributed in irregular granular forms in the biotite cleavage cracks. The coffinite and uranium-titanium oxide, as the first discovered independent uranium minerals in the study area, fill the gap left by the absence of uranium minerals in the Hailar Basin. In terms of uranium mineralization conditions, the Permian granite and intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks in the west of the study area provide sufficient uranium sources for the sandstone-type uranium mineralization in the area. Under the action of reducing media such as oil and gas, organic carbon, and sulfides in the area, U6+ in the ore-forming fluid is reduced to U4+ and precipitated into mineralization in the form of coffinite and uranium-titanium oxide.

sandstone-type uranium deposit  /  coffinite  /  U-Ti oxide  /  Yimin Formation  /  Kelulun Depression
孟繁敏, 聂逢君, 夏菲, 严兆彬, 孙达, 周文博, 张荣, 王长虹. 海拉尔盆地克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组铀矿物赋存特征及铀成矿条件分析. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 264 -278 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025040
Fanmin MENG, Fengjun NIE, Fei XIA, Zhaobin YAN, Da SUN, Wenbo ZHOU, Rong ZHANG, Changhong WANG. Analysis on the Occurrence Characteristics of Uranium Minerals and Mineralization Conditions in the Yimin Formation of Kelulun Depression, Hailar Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 264 -278 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025040
砂岩型铀矿因其规模大、埋藏浅、开采成本低和绿色环保等优点,已成为当今国内外铀矿找矿领域的主攻方向(Hall et al., 2017;Cheng et al., 2019;Zhang et al., 2022)。近年来,中国在伊犁盆地、准噶尔盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、松辽盆地和二连盆地等地发现了一系列大型、超大型砂岩型铀矿床(聂逢君等,2015,2021,2022;Han et al., 2018;Jin et al., 2019;彭云彪等,2019;Zhu et al., 2019;Zhang et al., 2019;Rong et al., 2021;Lu et al., 2021;Rallakis et al., 2021;焦养泉等,2021;刘坤鹏等,2024;何泽宇等,2025;赖天功等,2025)。与此同时,随着找矿勘探的不断深入,首次在海拉尔盆地白垩系地层中发现存在一定规模的砂岩型铀矿化。
海拉尔盆地坐落于内蒙古东北部,盆地内富含煤、石油、天然气等多种矿产能源(Fu et al.,2013;郭彪等,2014)。此外,近年在盆地西南部的克鲁伦凹陷内新发现有多处铀矿点、矿化点,铀矿化主要分布于区内白垩系地层伊敏组中(黄少华等,2021)。尽管前人对该地区砂岩型铀矿开展了少量研究,主要集中于目的层厘定(黄少华等,2020)、砂体特征(马汉峰等,2011)、水文地质条件(张海阳等,2021)、航空放射性测量(钟延秋等,2010)及铀成矿前景分析(张志杰等,2005;周文博等,2020)等方面。然而针对含矿目的层砂岩岩石学特征、铀矿物类型及赋存状态等方面目前鲜有报道。鉴于此,笔者在野外地质调研基础上,通过对克鲁伦凹陷进行野外钻孔编录、系统采样等工作,选取代表性砂岩岩矿石样品,利用显微镜结合电子探针微区和元素面扫描分析,初步厘定目的层岩石类型、铀矿化特征,重点研究铀矿物类型、赋存状态及其分布规律,继而探讨区内铀矿化成因,以期进一步为海拉尔盆地克鲁伦凹陷砂岩型铀矿找矿提供重要的理论依据。
海拉尔盆地位于中亚造山带东段,是发育于西伯利亚板块和华北板块之间的古生代碰撞造山带之上的中生代—新生代陆相裂谷盆地(余本善等,2013;Guo et al., 2015;Dai et al., 2021;刘恒麟等,2022)。受NE向德尔布干和额尔古纳断裂带控制,经多期叠加变形作用,现形成 “东西分带、南北分块”和“两隆三坳”构造格局(余本善等,2013;周文博等,2020;黄少华等,2021;Roche et al., 2021;赵德锋等;2023)。
研究区克鲁伦凹陷位于海拉尔盆地西南部(图1a),整体呈NE向展布的狭长箕状断陷,具有“西断东超”特点(彭威等,2006;马艳玲,2014;黄少华等,2020)。该凹陷西接塔尔巴格特隆起,东至汗乌拉凸起,北接呼伦湖凹陷,向南延伸至盆地边界(图1b)。区内基底从老到新依次出露前寒武纪、古元古界和侏罗纪。其中,前寒武纪中–深变质岩仅出露于凹陷北西缘,以残留体形式存在于晚华力西期花岗岩体中;古生代浅变质岩主要分布于凹陷北东缘;华力西期花岗岩多呈岩基和岩株形式分布在凹陷西北缘;中侏罗纪主要发育塔木兰沟组安山岩,不整合于中生代基底之上;晚侏罗纪发育流纹岩、火山角砾岩和粗面岩等中酸性火山岩(陈崇阳等,2016;纪政,2020;贾进华等,2021;赵德锋等,2023)。沉积盖层由老至新为白垩系的南屯组(K1t)、铜钵庙组(K1n)、大磨拐河组(K1d)和伊敏组(K1y);新近纪呼查山组(N2h)及第四系(Q)。其中,白垩系伊敏组是一套还原容量较高的暗色含煤碎屑岩沉积建造(张云鹤等,2018;Guo et al., 2018;周文博等,2020),岩性整体以含碳屑和黄铁矿的灰色、黑色砂质砾岩为主,局部夹黑色泥岩和褐黄色含砾中–细砂岩。伊敏组砂体具有埋藏浅、渗透性和连通性好以及泥–砂–泥结构稳定特点(黄少华等,2021),是克鲁伦凹陷砂岩型铀矿的含矿目的层。
克鲁伦凹陷自形成以来经历了晚侏罗纪裂陷期、早白垩纪断陷期、早白垩纪晚期萎缩期和晚白垩纪—新近纪差异升降夷平期4个演化阶段(张科峰等,2016;Song et al., 2019;崔军平等,2020;Zheng et al., 2021;Zhu et al., 2022;Jia et al., 2022)。在早白垩纪早、中期断陷沉积阶段,研究区构造活动强烈,形成40余条各类型断裂,按断裂平面展布方向可划分成NE向、NNE向和NS向3组断裂体系(张鲁庭,2013)。其中,NE向断裂体系与克鲁伦凹陷主体展布方向一致,控制凹陷现今构造格局,是区内主控断裂体系,具有形成早、发育时间长等特点。该组断裂体系切穿侏罗系至第四系,为区内含矿流体运移和深部油气等还原性物质上升提供通道。
通过沉积构造、颜色、岩性组合及变化特征等对克鲁伦凹陷内25个钻孔进行综合分析,可识别出研究区伊敏组主要有冲积扇相、辫状河相及三角洲相沉积,进一步可细分为扇端亚相、辫状河河道亚相等6类沉积亚相(图2)。区内冲积扇相发育不全,扇根亚相及扇中亚相均被剥蚀殆尽,仅剩余扇端亚相分布于凹陷南端和东西两侧蚀源区附近。岩性主要为砾岩、砂质砾岩,砾石成分以花岗岩砾为主,含少量凝灰质砾石,砾石呈棱角–次棱角状,砾径为2~10 cm,分选较差。辫状河相分布于凹陷中心,可进一步分为辫状河河道亚相和辫状河河漫亚相,并以辫状河河道亚相为主。岩性主要为灰色、褐黄色中–粗砂岩、砂质砾岩,可见星点状褐铁矿化及炭屑。三角洲相分布于凹陷北侧,可进一步细分为三角洲平原亚相、三角洲前缘亚相及前三角洲亚相。其中,平原亚相发育灰色中砂岩、细砂岩,岩石中见大量碳屑等有机质;前三角洲亚相位于凹陷最北端,岩性主要为灰色、深灰色泥岩、粉砂岩,含大量碳屑。
克鲁伦凹陷白垩系伊敏组铀矿化形成于辫状河三角洲前缘中(图3),进一步可划分出水下分流河道、辫状河河道、席状砂以及分流河道间4个沉积微相。
(1)辫状河河道:岩性为砖红色、灰白色和褐黄色砂砾岩、中–粗砂岩,中间夹薄层状粉砂岩,颗粒分选较差,砾石呈棱角–次棱角状,主要为花岗岩砾,垂向上发育复合正韵律,反映出沉积时水动力由强到弱逐渐变化。
(2)席状砂:岩性为褐黄、砖红和灰绿色中–细砂岩、粉砂质泥岩互层,垂向上呈反韵律,指示沉积时波浪作用较强。
(3)水下分流河道:岩性为褐黄、褐红、灰色砂砾岩、粗砂岩,局部夹杂薄层状泥岩,分选磨圆差,砾石主要为花岗岩砾和石英砾,垂向上发育复合正韵律,底部见平行层理。水下分流河道测井曲线以箱形和锯齿状为主,顶部呈突变接触关系,指示物源供给的间歇性。
(4)分流河道间:岩性为褐红色、灰绿色中–细砂岩和黑色泥岩。其中含砾中砂岩含大量碳屑,局部夹杂约30 cm的碳质纹层;细砂岩中含大量碳屑,中部发育有约1.5 m的煤层,见少量团块状黄铁矿结核,是区内主要含铀部位。
伊敏组(K1y)是克鲁伦凹陷的主要含矿目的层。笔者共选取克鲁伦凹陷10个钻孔进行取样,并磨制21个普通薄片和10个探针片来研究伊敏组砂岩的岩石学特征。普通薄片和电子探针片磨制均由廊坊市地科勘探技术服务有限公司完成。室内显微岩石学观察及碎屑颗粒成分统计在东华理工大学基础地质实验室完成,显微镜仪器型号为蔡司AxioImager. M2m。通过偏光显微镜对21件薄片进行镜下鉴定及碎屑成分统计(表1),意在查明研究区内伊敏组的岩石组成、结构以及蚀变特征。为了减少碎屑颗粒成分统计时的误差,选取的砂岩样品具有以下特征:砂岩样品的粒径在中–粗粒(0.0625~2 mm)之间;统计时正方网格交点法在每个薄片中选取不少于300个点,统计的样品杂基含量小于25%。将统计的21件砂岩样品中碎屑颗粒含量在Folk(1968)分类图解上进行投图。目的层砂岩绝大多数落在Ⅵ区,少量落在Ⅶ和Ⅴ区(图4),说明克鲁伦凹陷含矿目的层砂岩主要以长石岩屑砂岩为主,次为岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩。
伊敏组砂岩整体具中–细粒砂状结构(图5a),块状构造。碎屑颗粒主要由石英、长石、岩屑及少量黑云母组成,重矿物见锆石及磷灰石、黄铁矿和磁铁矿。碎屑颗粒支撑类型以颗粒支撑为主,颗粒间以基底式–孔隙式胶结为主,胶结物以钙质胶结为主(图5b),局部为泥质胶结。碎屑占全岩含量的85%~90%,填隙物占全岩含量的10%~15%。岩石整体分选磨圆差,成分成熟度及结构成熟度低,反映出沉积物搬运距离较近,具有近源堆积特点。碎屑石英呈棱角–次棱角状,粒径为0.13~0.50 mm,少数石英发育后期重结晶作用明显,具波状消光。个别石英颗粒间呈线接触,偶见石英内部包裹有细柱状磷灰石和云母等细小颗粒,石英占碎屑含量的35%~55%。长石呈棱角–次棱角状,粒径为0.11~0.46 mm,由斜长石、钾长石、微斜长石和条纹长石组成。其中,斜长石发育聚片双晶,黏土化和绢云母化较强,钾长石见卡式双晶发育,黏土化强烈,微斜长石发育格子状双晶(图5c),个别微斜长石内部包裹有蚀变黑云母,条纹长石发育条纹结构,黏土化强烈,长石占碎屑含量的10%~25%。岩屑呈棱角–次棱角状,粒径为0.12~0.53 mm,个别粒径大于2.00 mm,主要为花岗岩岩屑(图5d),少量为安山岩岩屑(图5e)、晶屑凝灰岩岩屑(图5f)及石英岩岩屑,岩屑占碎屑含量的20%~50%。黑云母呈他形片状,少数受压实作用,晶体弯曲(图5g),具较强绿泥石化,蚀变析出铁质充填在黑云母解理缝或周围,黑云母占碎屑含量的2%~4%。此外,岩石内穿插有后期黄铁矿脉(图5h)和沥青脉(图5i)。
截至目前,克鲁伦凹陷已发现3个砂岩型铀矿工业孔、7个矿化孔和9个异常孔,其所在地层均为早白垩世伊敏组(K1y)。为了系统判别区内铀矿物形态、类型及赋存状态等特征,笔者在伊敏组铀矿工业孔的矿段内共采集5件矿石样品,埋深为306.10~367.00 m,岩性为灰黑色中–细砂岩,矿石含大量碳屑和团块状黄铁矿。
铀矿物微区化学成分分析在东华理工大学核资源与环境教育部重点实验室完成,实验所用仪器为JEOL-JXA 8530型电子探针和与之耦合的Inca Energy型能谱仪。测试条件为:加速电压为15.0 kV,探针电流为20.0 nA,束斑直径<2 μm,校正使用ZAF修正法(李洁等,2013)。
研究区铀矿物电子探针化学成分分析结果(表2)显示,伊敏组矿石中铀矿物以铀石为主,少量为铀钛氧化物。截至目前,铀石和铀钛氧化物是克鲁伦凹陷内首次揭露的砂岩型独立铀矿物。铀石中UO2含量为59.49%~69.69%(均值为63.89%);SiO2含量为8.85%~15.41%(均值为12.25%);CaO含量为1.10%~4.25%(均值为2.70%);Y2O3含量为0.02%~2.94%(均值为1.43%);P2O5含量为0.77%~6.85%(均值为3.41%);FeO含量为0.33%~3.69%(均值为2.10%);总含量为84.95%~92.03%(均值为87.26%)。铀钛氧化物中UO2含量为22.56%~29.40%(均值为25.73%);TiO2含量为43.32%~55.20%(均值为47.99%);SiO2含量为2.15%~11.42%(均值为5.62%);总含量为84.75%~89.14%(均值为86.82%),总体表现出UO2、TiO2和SiO2含量较高,CaO、P2O5、ZrO2、Y2O3和FeO含量偏低。
克鲁伦凹陷砂岩型铀矿床中铀矿物赋存形式多样,依据背散射图像中铀矿物出露形态及矿物共生等特征,本次共划分出以下3类形态特征及赋存形式。
(1)铀石以胶结物形式充填在草莓状黄铁矿内部(图6a)或亚微米立方体黄铁矿晶体间(图6b),少数草莓状黄铁矿颗粒周围存在胶状铀石(图6c)。由于黄铁矿本身就有强还原性,能为含铀含氧流体运移提供良好的还原环境,将流体中的U6+还原为U4+并沉淀富集,形成铀石与黄铁矿紧密共生现象。
(2)铀石呈星点状和微细脉状分布在碎屑石英、钾长石和黑云母边缘、裂隙或溶蚀凹坑内(图6d~图6f)。钾长石和黑云母等富钾硅酸盐矿物在矿化砂岩蚀变过程中析出大量K2O,形成高岭石和水白云母等,与砂岩孔隙水中CO2反应形成K2CO3,K2CO3进入孔隙水溶液中形成强碱溶液,从而形成局部碱性环境。在碱性条件下,砂岩碎屑中石英会发生溶解,这一过程提供大量SiO2,在[UO2]2+中U6+被还原为U4+时,周围流体中大量SiO2参与反应,与U4+结合形成铀石(李华明等,2020)。
(3)黑云母在发生绿泥石化过程中释放Si4+、Fe2+、Ti4+等离子,这些离子在黑云母周围原位形成其他矿物(张展适等,2007;夏菲等,2016)。Si能够为铀石的形成提供部分Si源,Fe 在还原条件下形成黄铁矿,Ti在中低温条件下形成锐钛矿(丁波等,2020)。背散射图像显示,铀石和铀钛氧化物呈胶状(图6g)、毛刺状或微细柱状围绕黄铁矿(图6h)和锐钛矿(图6i)产出,形成绿泥石–黄铁矿–铀石和绿泥石–锐钛矿–铀钛氧化物的热液蚀变矿物组合,初步推断区内砂岩型铀成矿过程中存在热流体改造作用。
研究区铀主要以独立铀矿物的形式存在,铀矿物主要为铀石,见少量吸附态铀或胶状结合态铀,吸附态铀主要吸附在黑云母解理缝中,胶状结合体态铀主要以钛铁铀氧化物的形式存在,吸附态铀与胶状结合态铀中的铀含量较低(图6,表2)。电子探针元素面扫描图像(图7d、图7e)中Fe、S元素高度重合,为黄铁矿,U元素主要分布在微晶粒状集合体状黄铁矿或草莓集合体状黄铁矿的颗粒间隙,说明铀石分布在黄铁矿集合体的间隙之间,草莓状黄铁矿边缘也有少量U元素。由此可知,本矿区铀主要以独立铀矿物形式赋存于黄铁矿的周围或黄铁矿集合体的间隙中。
海拉尔盆地克鲁伦凹陷碎屑沉积具备物源广泛、近物源、堆积迅速和变化大的特点,且研究区伊敏组中石英、长石等碎屑颗粒呈棱角至次棱角状,石英颗粒边缘被溶蚀呈不规则港湾状,表明该部分碎屑组分主体来自中酸性火山岩类,其次含矿岩石内出露有少量安山岩、晶屑凝灰岩等岩屑。研究区西侧花岗岩(中–粗粒黑云母花岗岩、细粒花岗岩和花岗闪长岩)和中酸性火山岩(流纹岩、粗面岩等)是研究区中新生代盖层的主要蚀源区。其中,华力西期花岗岩U含量为2.7×10−6~22.3×10−6(均值为5.12×10−6),铀活化率在65%~75%;燕山期花岗岩U含量为2.8×10−6~5.4×10−6(均值为4.45×10−6),铀活化率为55%~90%(表3;夏毓亮等,2006);中酸性火山岩U含量为2.1×10−6~12.3×10−6(均值为5.23×10−6)(张书义,2020;李晓光等,2021),整体U含量和U丢失率较高,而研究区伊敏组U含量也相对较高(U含量为1.48×10−6~5.50×10−6,均值为3.22×10−6;数据引自核工业二四三大队内部报告),自身存在一定的铀预富集作用。以上特征表明源岩在蚀变过程中有铀活化迁出,继而指明蚀源区花岗岩和中酸性火山岩为克鲁伦凹陷砂岩型铀成矿提供丰富的铀源。
克鲁伦凹陷在早白垩系末期构造活动变弱,发育河流–三角洲相沉积,形成一定规模含煤碎屑岩建造(余本善等,2013)。晚白垩纪区内成岩作用强烈,成岩过程中流体多期次溶蚀形成大量次生孔隙,增加砂体孔隙度及连通性,为区内含铀含氧水运移提供运移通道。区内溶蚀流体以大气降水和下渗水为主,其中蚀源区(花岗岩、闪长岩等)基岩裂隙水铀浓度为14.4×10−6~225×10−6(均值为86.22×10−6),孔隙水铀浓度为130×10−6~204×10−6(均值为45.17×10−6),潜水铀浓度为0.78×10−6~243×10−6(均值为37.75×10−6)(郭华等,2002;黄少华等,2020;张海阳等,2021),表明大气降水和下渗水将蚀源区铀活化迁移至凹陷内,为砂体内铀矿富集提供有利条件。
砂岩型铀矿在成岩过程中后生蚀变作用能够改变目的层砂体的地球化学环境,为铀的富集沉淀提供有利条件(宋昊等,2016;黄广文等,2021)。研究区岩石学特征显示,含矿目的层砂岩发育高岭石化、绿泥石化等后生蚀变,这些蚀变形成的黏土矿物能够改变含矿目的层砂体的地球化学环境。此外,黏土矿物具有一定吸附性,能够减缓含铀流体移速,并吸附含铀流体中的铀。克鲁伦凹陷为海拉尔盆地重要的煤和油气资源勘探区(彭威等,2006),其煤和油气资源多富含于中生代铜钵庙组、南屯组和大磨拐河组中(Yang et al., 2022;Zhang et al., 2022),在成煤、生油过程中能够产生大量还原性气体CH4、H2S和CO,气体沿区内发育的断裂向上运移至伊敏组中形成还原性地球化学障,将含铀流体中U6+还原成U4+沉淀。笔者共编录3个砂岩型铀矿工业孔、7个矿化孔、9个异常孔和6个普通钻孔,在野外钻孔岩心编录过程中发现,克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组岩石样品中出露大量黄铁矿、炭屑及薄层煤线,在工业铀矿段内黄铁矿和碳屑的含量更高。结合显微镜下观察、电子探针背散射图像和面扫描发现,伊敏组矿石中铀矿物主要充填在草莓状黄铁矿集合体中。此外,长石的高岭石化和绿泥石化的黑云母也吸附一定的铀,反映出区内铀矿物赋存形式的多样性。
克鲁伦凹陷的铀源、构造、砂体、还原剂及首次发现的铀矿物说明海拉尔盆地具有较大的砂岩型铀矿成矿潜力。其中,研究区西侧蚀源区花岗岩和中酸性火山岩能够为区内砂岩铀成矿提供充足的铀源,其次,伊敏组砂岩本身也存在一定的铀预富集,也能为区内提供一定的内部铀源。伊敏组铀矿化形成于辫状河三角洲沉积的分流河道间,砂体内部见大量炭屑和团块状黄铁矿结核,能够形成有利于铀还原沉淀的环境。伊敏组砂岩以中–细粒砂岩为主,具有成分成熟度较低,胶结程度较差,孔隙度和连通性较好的特点,能够为富氧含铀水的长距离搬运提供运移通道。晚白垩纪—新近系,盆地发生了4次大幅度整体抬升(110~80 Ma、65 Ma、37~32 Ma、16.5~9 Ma),形成“西段东超,南高北低”的构造格局。伊敏组沉积后,海拉尔盆地整体抬升进入后期改造阶段(杨旭,2020;尚尧等,2021)。晚白垩世早期受抬升作用影响,伊敏组长期暴露地表,遭受淋滤、风化和剥蚀,沉积作用间断,自凹陷西部物源区形成的含铀含氧水渗入到伊敏组中,富铀流体会不断产生游离的 [UO2]2+,当其浓度达到饱和时,[UO2]2+与伊敏组内还原性介质(碳屑、黄铁矿及沿断裂上升的CH4、H2S、CO等还原性气体)发生还原反应,含铀流体中U6+被还原成U4+以铀石和铀钛氧化物形式沉淀,最终在含砾粉砂岩、炭质粉砂岩和细砂岩内形成工业铀矿化(图8)。
(1)克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组以中–细粒长石岩屑砂岩为主,整体发育明显高岭石化和绿泥石化等后生蚀变。研究区西侧花岗岩和中酸性火山岩为砂岩铀成矿提供了丰富的铀源。
(2)伊敏组中铀矿物主要为铀石,含少量铀钛氧矿物。铀石以胶结物形式充填在黄铁矿内部及周围或呈星点状和不规则粒状产出于碎屑颗粒的边缘、裂隙或溶蚀凹坑内;铀钛氧化物呈胶状、毛刺状或微细柱状分布在黑云母的解理缝中。区内首次发现的铀矿物能够为海拉尔盆地进一步寻找砂岩型铀矿提供理论依据。
(3)克鲁伦凹陷伊敏组铀矿化赋存于辫状河三角洲前缘的分流河道间沉积亚相中。大规模的后生氧化流体把研究区西侧花岗岩、中酸性火山岩中的铀带入至凹陷内,其次出露的众多还原性介质(油气:CH4、H2S、CO;有机碳;硫化物:黄铁矿),为本区铀成矿提供必要的还原剂,将流体中U6+还原成U4+以铀石和铀钛氧化物形式沉淀成矿。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025040
  • 接收时间:2023-04-20
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-20
  • 修回日期:2025-01-12
  • 录用日期:2025-03-21
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    1东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
    2核工业二四三大队,内蒙古 赤峰 024000

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聂逢君(1962−),男,教授,博士后,长期从事砂岩型铀矿相关研究。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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