Article(id=1307088288209195715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025108, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710950400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-21, revisedDate=1749571200000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-11, acceptedDate=1755705600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-21, onlineDate=1789563732434, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563732434, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563732434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563732434, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307087507837964779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563546379, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616219263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=246, endPage=263, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307088289299714756, articleId=1307088288209195715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Identification of Interlayer Oxidation Zones and Analysis of Uranium Mineralisation Conditions of the Changjihe Formation in the Hanshuiquan Area of the Southern Margin of the Santanghu Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The sandstone uranium mineralisation found in the Santang Lake Basin is primarily located in the Hanshuiquan area, with the ore-endowed stratigraphy concentrated in the Neoproterozoic Changji River Group. In order to accurately and objectively evaluate the mineralisation conditions and prospects of the Hanshuiquan area in the Santang Lake Basin, the identification of interlayer oxidation zones and an understanding of the uranium mineralisation conditions are crucial. In this paper, the focus is on the Neoproterozoic Changji River Group. In order to identify the yellow sandstones, geochemical indexes of altered sandstones, constant and trace element analyses of rocks and ores, and physicochemical parameters of fluid action are employed. The grey-green, grey and grey-white sandstones containing minerals or anomalies are considered to be the transition zone, while the red sandstones and grey sandstones are the reductive zone. The grey-green, grey and grey-white sandstones are the result of oxidation, while the red sandstones and grey sandstones are the result of reduction. The oxidised red sandstones present in this area are the result of primary deposition under arid climatic conditions, while the yellow sandstones are interlayer oxidation zones formed by post-oxidation and control uranium mineralisation. It would be beneficial to trace the alteration front of the yellow sandstone in order to reduce the cost of exploration. Some of the geochemical indicators provide evidence that this red sandstone is a product of sedimentary diagenesis. This is evidenced by the higher organic carbon (Orgc), CaO, Cu/Al, Ni/Al and Cd/Al contents in the red sandstone than in the yellow sandstone, and the low temperature of fluid action at which it was formed. The in situ pyrite sulfur isotope signature of the microzone indicates an interstratified oxidized zone type of uranium deposit. The very restricted distribution of white and green sandstones suggests a weak but hydrocarbon-influenced influence. The analysis of tectonic, topographic, geomorphological and hydrological conditions, lithology, petrography and post-generation alteration conditions indicates that this area has certain conditions conducive to uranium mineralisation. However, there are some key deficiencies, including insufficient reductant capacity, weak oil and gas dissipation and the absence of uranium ore enrichment.

, authors=Zhouyang LIN1, Bailin WU1, *, Yu ZHOU2, Min LIU2, Qi LI1, Miao WANG1, Xiaorui ZHANG1, Mengdi YANG1, Mingyi LIU1, authorsList=Zhouyang LIN, Bailin WU, Yu ZHOU, Min LIU, Qi LI, Miao WANG, Xiaorui ZHANG, Mengdi YANG, Mingyi LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bailin WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307088294446125800, articleId=1307088288209195715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区昌吉河群层间氧化带识别与铀成矿条件分析, columnId=1307087508710380014, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

三塘湖盆地目前发现的砂岩铀矿化主要分布在汉水泉地区,赋矿地层主要为新近系昌吉河群。为了准确客观评价三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区成矿条件及找矿前景,其中层间氧化带的识别及铀成矿条件的认识是关键。笔者以新近系昌吉河群为重点,通过蚀变砂岩的地球化学指标、岩矿石常量和微量元素分析、流体作用的物理化学参数等手段,确定区内黄色砂岩为控矿氧化带,含矿或异常显示的灰绿色砂岩、灰色砂岩、灰白色砂岩属于过渡带;无矿的红色砂岩和灰色砂岩为还原带。研究区存在的大量的原生沉积氧化红色砂岩是干旱气候条件下原生沉积的产物,黄色砂岩才是后生氧化作用形成的层间氧化带且控制铀矿化的产出。找矿应追踪黄色砂岩蚀变前锋而非红色砂岩与灰色砂岩的界限。如果不加以区分,找矿时就会误以为红色砂岩也是氧化带而加以追踪而增加勘探成本。部分特征的地球化学指标提供了该红色砂岩是沉积成岩作用产物认识的相关证据,如红色砂岩中有机碳(Orgc)、CaO、 Cu/Al、Ni/Al和Cd/Al含量均高于黄色砂岩,且形成的流体作用温度低等,均表明红色砂岩为浅层表生沉积成岩环境的产物。微区原位黄铁矿硫同位素特点反映了矿床成因是层间氧化带型铀矿,白色砂岩和绿色砂岩分布极为局限,说明虽受到了油气作用影响但程度较弱。笔者从构造、地形地貌及水文条件、岩性岩相及后生蚀变条件等准则分析,认为研究区具备一定的铀成矿条件,但也存在一些关键方面的不足。含矿层中新统昌吉河群发现多层层间氧化带,其还原剂容量有所不足,尤其是油气耗散作用存在但影响和分布程度极为有限,在一定程度上不利于铀矿的规模性富集。

, authors=林周洋1, 吴柏林1, *, 周玉2, 刘珉2, 李琪1, 王苗1, 张效瑞1, 杨梦迪1, 刘明义1, authorsList=林周洋, 吴柏林, 周玉, 刘珉, 李琪, 王苗, 张效瑞, 杨梦迪, 刘明义, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴柏林, authorNote=

林周洋(1998−),男,硕士,从事铀矿勘查研究。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
吴柏林(1967−),男,教授,博士生导师,从事铀矿地质学、盆地分析、盆地有机−无机矿产相互作用等研究。E−mail:。
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林周洋(1998−),男,硕士,从事铀矿勘查研究。E−mail:

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林周洋(1998−),男,硕士,从事铀矿勘查研究。E−mail:

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Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1997, 18(3): 197−200+191., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307088313718952844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱玉双, 柳益群, 周鼎武. 三塘湖盆地中二叠统芦草沟组白云岩成因[J]. 西北地质, 2009, 42(2): 95−99., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307088313865753485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Yushuang, LIU Yiqun, ZHOU Dingwu. Origin of Dolostone in Lucaogo Formaion of Middle[J]. Permian in Santanghu Basin, 2009, 42(2): 95−99., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307088313987388302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Taylor S R, McLennan S M. 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1.古生界;2.西山窑组;3.头屯河组;4.昌吉河群;5.断裂;6.逆冲断裂;7.背斜轴;8.地下水流向;9.矿化或异常孔

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1.石炭系;2.二叠系;3.三叠系;4.水西沟群;5.石树沟群;6. 吐谷鲁群;7.第三系;8.第四系;9.断裂

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label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of mineralisation control in the interlayer oxidation zone of yellow sandstone in the profile of exploration line 110 (Data from: Urumqi Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, China Geological Survey), figureFileSmall=7XwCCmspTRt06akzrQi6fQ==, figureFileBig=aL08l1DhYzA9+gv+LaKiDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088300569809711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=图4, caption=110号勘探线剖面黄色砂岩层间氧化带控矿示意图(资料来自中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心), figureFileSmall=7XwCCmspTRt06akzrQi6fQ==, figureFileBig=aL08l1DhYzA9+gv+LaKiDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088300636918576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=(a) Reddish siltstone of the Tertiary Changji River Group (N1ch) in well ZK114-2U and (b) Light brown carbonated clastic fine sandstone, 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in the mineralised interval of ZK114-8U and (b) Grey ferromagnesian infiltrated carbonatised clastic medium fine sandstone, figureFileSmall=OviWRi5eX0cO9/HYtZ90SA==, figureFileBig=1IUeQ7jh06vw34iYxxPZoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088302868288311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=图8, caption=ZK114-8U井矿化段灰色含砾细砂岩(a)和灰色铁镁质浸染碳酸盐化岩屑中细砂岩(b), figureFileSmall=OviWRi5eX0cO9/HYtZ90SA==, figureFileBig=1IUeQ7jh06vw34iYxxPZoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088302943785784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=(a)Schematic comparison of ΣS metrics for various sandstones, (b) Schematic comparison of Orgc index of various sandston; (c) Schematic comparison of Fe3+/Fe2+ indexes for various, (d) sandston Schematic comparison of U/Th index for various sandston, figureFileSmall=JwhqdbUDH+qCnYjs8MqvDw==, 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articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=图16, caption=矿区矿石中微区原位黄铁矿硫同位素对比, figureFileSmall=5hbtRvTzgNDa/RT9JLdmAA==, figureFileBig=Bt8f1p27zfboGVh3YBQJQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088304193688392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Summary table of the stratigraphic division of the Three Ponds Lake cover

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三塘湖盖层地层划分简表

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Registration form example

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样品号采样层位岩性钻井号含铀量(10−6)
S2022-3昌吉河群灰色粉砂岩ZK98-6U5.00
S2022-4深灰色粉砂岩5.48
S2022-6浅灰绿色细砂岩ZK106-1U3.25
S2022-9红色粉砂岩4.66
S2022-12浅灰白色粉砂岩ZK104-4U3.00
S2022-15灰白色粉砂岩(碳酸盐化)/
S2022-16浅灰白色细砂岩1.50
S2022-21淡黄色细砂岩(碳酸盐化)ZK110-1U/
S2022-25浅红色细砂岩(碳酸盐化)ZK112-5U/
S2022-31黄色中砂岩ZK114-2U2.00
S2022-35深灰色细砂岩9.25
S2022-38浅红色中砂岩ZK116-2U9.26
S2022-41灰绿色粉砂岩4.1
S2022-42白色中砂岩ZK110-2U21.4
S2022-43灰色细砂岩ZK114-8U70.8
S2022-44灰色细砂岩59.2
S2022-46灰色细砂岩93.2
S2022-47灰色中砂岩ZK68-8/
S2022-49黄色中砂岩ZK150-3U2.50
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304424375115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样品登记表

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样品号采样层位岩性钻井号含铀量(10−6)
S2022-3昌吉河群灰色粉砂岩ZK98-6U5.00
S2022-4深灰色粉砂岩5.48
S2022-6浅灰绿色细砂岩ZK106-1U3.25
S2022-9红色粉砂岩4.66
S2022-12浅灰白色粉砂岩ZK104-4U3.00
S2022-15灰白色粉砂岩(碳酸盐化)/
S2022-16浅灰白色细砂岩1.50
S2022-21淡黄色细砂岩(碳酸盐化)ZK110-1U/
S2022-25浅红色细砂岩(碳酸盐化)ZK112-5U/
S2022-31黄色中砂岩ZK114-2U2.00
S2022-35深灰色细砂岩9.25
S2022-38浅红色中砂岩ZK116-2U9.26
S2022-41灰绿色粉砂岩4.1
S2022-42白色中砂岩ZK110-2U21.4
S2022-43灰色细砂岩ZK114-8U70.8
S2022-44灰色细砂岩59.2
S2022-46灰色细砂岩93.2
S2022-47灰色中砂岩ZK68-8/
S2022-49黄色中砂岩ZK150-3U2.50
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304529232716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Data sheet on physico and chemical parameters of inclusions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号样品号分类均一温度(℃)冰点温度(℃)盐度(wt%)密度pHEh
1S2022-49-5黄色砂岩142.50−2.604.350.965.840.82
2S2022-49-6113.30−6.50.941.006.020.78
3S2022-49-1134.80−9.1013.121.015.890.81
4S2022-49-4148.60−15.1019.171.095.810.82
5S2022-49-2109.50−24.3026.331.176.050.77
6S2022-21163.40−8.8012.781.105.740.84
平均135.35−11.0714.281.065.890.81
7S2022-25红色砂岩115.20−7.2010.841.026.010.78
平均115.20−7.2010.841.026.010.78
8S2022-42白色砂岩117.30−5.108.050.966.000.78
9S2022-42-3117.30−24.2026.261.145.850.30
10S2022-42-2134.10−23.4025.681.135.740.33
11S2022-15-195.70−23.4025.681.156.010.33
12S2022-15-2132.30−13.1017.331.065.750.34
平均119.34−17.8418.971.085.890.48
13S2022-44-1灰色矿化砂岩123.00−17.1020.881.095.810.30
14S2022-44-2101.00−23.7025.901.155.970.33
15S2022-44-3118.30−2.203.720.975.840.30
平均114.10−14.3316.831.075.870.31
16S2022-47-2灰色砂岩81.60−10.5014.681.056.290.73
平均81.60−10.5014.681.056.290.73
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304604730189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

矿区包裹体物理化学参数数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号样品号分类均一温度(℃)冰点温度(℃)盐度(wt%)密度pHEh
1S2022-49-5黄色砂岩142.50−2.604.350.965.840.82
2S2022-49-6113.30−6.50.941.006.020.78
3S2022-49-1134.80−9.1013.121.015.890.81
4S2022-49-4148.60−15.1019.171.095.810.82
5S2022-49-2109.50−24.3026.331.176.050.77
6S2022-21163.40−8.8012.781.105.740.84
平均135.35−11.0714.281.065.890.81
7S2022-25红色砂岩115.20−7.2010.841.026.010.78
平均115.20−7.2010.841.026.010.78
8S2022-42白色砂岩117.30−5.108.050.966.000.78
9S2022-42-3117.30−24.2026.261.145.850.30
10S2022-42-2134.10−23.4025.681.135.740.33
11S2022-15-195.70−23.4025.681.156.010.33
12S2022-15-2132.30−13.1017.331.065.750.34
平均119.34−17.8418.971.085.890.48
13S2022-44-1灰色矿化砂岩123.00−17.1020.881.095.810.30
14S2022-44-2101.00−23.7025.901.155.970.33
15S2022-44-3118.30−2.203.720.975.840.30
平均114.10−14.3316.831.075.870.31
16S2022-47-2灰色砂岩81.60−10.5014.681.056.290.73
平均81.60−10.5014.681.056.290.73
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304692810574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Rare earth element analytical data for each altered rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性样品号LaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuΣREELREEHREELREE/
HREE
(La/Yb)NEuCe
灰绿色砂岩S2022-620.950.45.1720.241.063.580.522.940.571.660.241.64113.13113.13101.7311.408.929.140.841.15
红色砂岩S2022-918.236.54.3217.43.670.973.490.553.360.692.040.312.0893.9093.9081.0612.846.316.280.820.98
黄色砂岩S2022-3124.5536.02244.781.174.390.633.660.722.10.312.05127.65127.65113.4714.188.008.570.771.04
白色砂岩S2022-4214.835.23.13122.350.72.230.321.820.361.090.171.1575.5075.5068.187.329.319.230.921.21
灰色细砂岩S2022-1220.451.25.19214.481.14.370.694.180.842.50.372.45119.15119.15103.3715.786.555.970.751.19
S2022-3513.531.93.0311.72.250.731.990.291.620.310.920.140.9269.4469.4463.116.339.9710.531.031.17
平均16.9541.554.1116.353.3650.9153.180.492.90.5751.710.2551.68594.394.383.211.18.38.20.91.2
灰色矿化
细砂岩
S2022-4321.445.64.7819.23.980.993.990.593.640.762.30.352.34110.29110.2995.9514.346.696.560.751.06
S2022-4421.944.14.7119.13.880.993.980.593.680.772.350.362.42109.21109.2194.6814.536.526.490.761.02
S2022-44R21.144.74.5618.33.770.933.830.583.550.752.270.352.34107.39107.3993.3614.036.656.470.741.07
平均21.544.84.718.93.91.03.90.63.60.82.30.42.4109.0109.094.714.36.66.50.81.0
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304776696655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各蚀变岩石的稀土元素分析数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性样品号LaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuΣREELREEHREELREE/
HREE
(La/Yb)NEuCe
灰绿色砂岩S2022-620.950.45.1720.241.063.580.522.940.571.660.241.64113.13113.13101.7311.408.929.140.841.15
红色砂岩S2022-918.236.54.3217.43.670.973.490.553.360.692.040.312.0893.9093.9081.0612.846.316.280.820.98
黄色砂岩S2022-3124.5536.02244.781.174.390.633.660.722.10.312.05127.65127.65113.4714.188.008.570.771.04
白色砂岩S2022-4214.835.23.13122.350.72.230.321.820.361.090.171.1575.5075.5068.187.329.319.230.921.21
灰色细砂岩S2022-1220.451.25.19214.481.14.370.694.180.842.50.372.45119.15119.15103.3715.786.555.970.751.19
S2022-3513.531.93.0311.72.250.731.990.291.620.310.920.140.9269.4469.4463.116.339.9710.531.031.17
平均16.9541.554.1116.353.3650.9153.180.492.90.5751.710.2551.68594.394.383.211.18.38.20.91.2
灰色矿化
细砂岩
S2022-4321.445.64.7819.23.980.993.990.593.640.762.30.352.34110.29110.2995.9514.346.696.560.751.06
S2022-4421.944.14.7119.13.880.993.980.593.680.772.350.362.42109.21109.2194.6814.536.526.490.761.02
S2022-44R21.144.74.5618.33.770.933.830.583.550.752.270.352.34107.39107.3993.3614.036.656.470.741.07
平均21.544.84.718.93.91.03.90.63.60.82.30.42.4109.0109.094.714.36.66.50.81.0
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304847999824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Table of test results for characteristic geochemical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号岩性描述检测结果(10−6)检测结果(%)
UThorgCΣSFe2+Fe3+
S2022-43灰色细砂岩70.83.730.350.2390.420.85
S2022-44灰色细砂岩59.29.360.370.2270.900.77
S2022-46灰色细砂岩93.23.580.270.2970.370.78
S2022-3灰色粉砂岩5.003.110.320.02621.980.74
S2022-4深灰色粉砂岩5.481.211.800.028018.45.95
S2022-35深灰色细砂岩9.252.020.420.5760.290.69
S2022-38浅红色中砂岩2.204.070.120.03990.442.96
S2022-16浅灰白色细砂岩1.502.900.140.02890.471.54
S2022-42白色中砂岩21.43.470.070.02380.160.74
S2022-6浅灰绿色细砂岩4.666.950.220.02700.361.09
S2022-41灰绿色粉砂岩4.106.360.080.03930.781.41
S2022-49黄色中砂岩2.502.430.090.05210.362.88
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304919302993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

特征地球化学参数测试结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号岩性描述检测结果(10−6)检测结果(%)
UThorgCΣSFe2+Fe3+
S2022-43灰色细砂岩70.83.730.350.2390.420.85
S2022-44灰色细砂岩59.29.360.370.2270.900.77
S2022-46灰色细砂岩93.23.580.270.2970.370.78
S2022-3灰色粉砂岩5.003.110.320.02621.980.74
S2022-4深灰色粉砂岩5.481.211.800.028018.45.95
S2022-35深灰色细砂岩9.252.020.420.5760.290.69
S2022-38浅红色中砂岩2.204.070.120.03990.442.96
S2022-16浅灰白色细砂岩1.502.900.140.02890.471.54
S2022-42白色中砂岩21.43.470.070.02380.160.74
S2022-6浅灰绿色细砂岩4.666.950.220.02700.361.09
S2022-41灰绿色粉砂岩4.106.360.080.03930.781.41
S2022-49黄色中砂岩2.502.430.090.05210.362.88
), ArticleFig(id=1307088304994800466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Trace element analytical data for altered rocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号LiBeScVCrCoNiCuZnGaGeRbSrYZrNbCsBaHfTaPbThU
灰绿色岩S2022-614.72.076.2336.624.543.714.28.3527.213.70.6892.933616.82298.282.687205.520.817.73.253.25
红色砂岩S2022-931.21.4711.285.946.613.925.925.96413.60.8658.933619.81197.244.184963.140.48131.881.88
黄色砂岩S2022-3121.728.454.740.233.119.322.145.414.30.8495.727421.12299.943.86535.590.8619.52.002.00
白色砂岩S2022-42121.034.0320.716.532.69.4210.219.88.520.4478.820011.378.63.692.336271.940.416.20.810.81
灰色细
砂岩
S2022-1236.31.6212.681.557.518.329.744.169.6150.836335124.61839.494.243494.710.6612.23.003.00
S2022-359.471.172.2916.47.3667.97.174.5712.29.120.5489.22289.680.94.121.698001.980.6213.79.269.26
平均22.81.3957.44548.9532.4343.118.4324.3340.912.060.68576.1289.517.1131.96.8052.965574.53.3450.6412.956.136.13
灰色矿化
细砂岩
S2022-4314.81.365.2636.934.241027.529921110.10.6264.532824.31486.242.035583.694.3515.669.269.2
S2022-4414.41.265.1238.460.579940.21031079.30.6160340261464.651.765023.574.2814.576.176.1
S2022-44r13.61.214.8835.647.477038.297.992.18.850.5858.332625.11316.181.914763.286.1914.872.272.2
平均14.31.35.137.047.4659.735.3166.6136.79.40.660.9331.325.1141.75.71.9512.03.54.915.072.572.5
), ArticleFig(id=1307088305078686547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

蚀变岩石的微量元素分析数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号LiBeScVCrCoNiCuZnGaGeRbSrYZrNbCsBaHfTaPbThU
灰绿色岩S2022-614.72.076.2336.624.543.714.28.3527.213.70.6892.933616.82298.282.687205.520.817.73.253.25
红色砂岩S2022-931.21.4711.285.946.613.925.925.96413.60.8658.933619.81197.244.184963.140.48131.881.88
黄色砂岩S2022-3121.728.454.740.233.119.322.145.414.30.8495.727421.12299.943.86535.590.8619.52.002.00
白色砂岩S2022-42121.034.0320.716.532.69.4210.219.88.520.4478.820011.378.63.692.336271.940.416.20.810.81
灰色细
砂岩
S2022-1236.31.6212.681.557.518.329.744.169.6150.836335124.61839.494.243494.710.6612.23.003.00
S2022-359.471.172.2916.47.3667.97.174.5712.29.120.5489.22289.680.94.121.698001.980.6213.79.269.26
平均22.81.3957.44548.9532.4343.118.4324.3340.912.060.68576.1289.517.1131.96.8052.965574.53.3450.6412.956.136.13
灰色矿化
细砂岩
S2022-4314.81.365.2636.934.241027.529921110.10.6264.532824.31486.242.035583.694.3515.669.269.2
S2022-4414.41.265.1238.460.579940.21031079.30.6160340261464.651.765023.574.2814.576.176.1
S2022-44r13.61.214.8835.647.477038.297.992.18.850.5858.332625.11316.181.914763.286.1914.872.272.2
平均14.31.35.137.047.4659.735.3166.6136.79.40.660.9331.325.1141.75.71.9512.03.54.915.072.572.5
), ArticleFig(id=1307088305145795412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Results of in situ S isotope testing of pyrite microzonation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号33/32S34/32Sδ33Srefδ33Sv-CDTδ34Srefδ34Sv-CDT2SE
s2022-44-4-40.0081610.046671−23.86− 23.01− 44.87−43.250.24
s2022-44-4-50.0081720.046665−23.05− 22.20− 45.08−43.460.23
s2022-44-4-60.0081430.046422−25.94− 25.09− 49.96−48.350.26
s2022-44-4-70.0081270.046428−27.85− 27.00− 49.84−48.220.24
s2022-44-4-80.0081660.046674−23.77− 22.92− 44.90−43.280.21
平均0.0081540.046572−24.89− 24.04− 46.93−45.310.23
s2022-46-10.0081410.044784−28.86− 28.01− 83.44−81.88402.82
s2022-46-20.0090550.04997182.5583.5022.5724.3139.46
s2022-46-30.0082350.047278−17.61− 16.75− 32.41−30.760.80
平均0.0084770.04734412.027612.9136331.090129.443147.69452
), ArticleFig(id=1307088305221292885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088288209195715, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

黄铁矿微区原位S同位素测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号33/32S34/32Sδ33Srefδ33Sv-CDTδ34Srefδ34Sv-CDT2SE
s2022-44-4-40.0081610.046671−23.86− 23.01− 44.87−43.250.24
s2022-44-4-50.0081720.046665−23.05− 22.20− 45.08−43.460.23
s2022-44-4-60.0081430.046422−25.94− 25.09− 49.96−48.350.26
s2022-44-4-70.0081270.046428−27.85− 27.00− 49.84−48.220.24
s2022-44-4-80.0081660.046674−23.77− 22.92− 44.90−43.280.21
平均0.0081540.046572−24.89− 24.04− 46.93−45.310.23
s2022-46-10.0081410.044784−28.86− 28.01− 83.44−81.88402.82
s2022-46-20.0090550.04997182.5583.5022.5724.3139.46
s2022-46-30.0082350.047278−17.61− 16.75− 32.41−30.760.80
平均0.0084770.04734412.027612.9136331.090129.443147.69452
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三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区昌吉河群层间氧化带识别与铀成矿条件分析
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林周洋 1 , 吴柏林 1, * , 周玉 2 , 刘珉 2 , 李琪 1 , 王苗 1 , 张效瑞 1 , 杨梦迪 1 , 刘明义 1
西北地质 | 中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026,59(3): 246-263
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西北地质 |中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026 , 59 (3) : 246 -263
三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区昌吉河群层间氧化带识别与铀成矿条件分析
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林周洋1 , 吴柏林1, * , 周玉2, 刘珉2, 李琪1, 王苗1, 张效瑞1, 杨梦迪1, 刘明义1
作者信息
  • 1大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西 西安 710069
  • 2中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830057
通讯作者:
吴柏林(1967−),男,教授,博士生导师,从事铀矿地质学、盆地分析、盆地有机−无机矿产相互作用等研究。E−mail:。
作者简介:

林周洋(1998−),男,硕士,从事铀矿勘查研究。E−mail:

Identification of Interlayer Oxidation Zones and Analysis of Uranium Mineralisation Conditions of the Changjihe Formation in the Hanshuiquan Area of the Southern Margin of the Santanghu Basin
Zhouyang LIN1 , Bailin WU1, * , Yu ZHOU2, Min LIU2, Qi LI1, Miao WANG1, Xiaorui ZHANG1, Mengdi YANG1, Mingyi LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Urumqi Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Urumqi 830057, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025108
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三塘湖盆地目前发现的砂岩铀矿化主要分布在汉水泉地区,赋矿地层主要为新近系昌吉河群。为了准确客观评价三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区成矿条件及找矿前景,其中层间氧化带的识别及铀成矿条件的认识是关键。笔者以新近系昌吉河群为重点,通过蚀变砂岩的地球化学指标、岩矿石常量和微量元素分析、流体作用的物理化学参数等手段,确定区内黄色砂岩为控矿氧化带,含矿或异常显示的灰绿色砂岩、灰色砂岩、灰白色砂岩属于过渡带;无矿的红色砂岩和灰色砂岩为还原带。研究区存在的大量的原生沉积氧化红色砂岩是干旱气候条件下原生沉积的产物,黄色砂岩才是后生氧化作用形成的层间氧化带且控制铀矿化的产出。找矿应追踪黄色砂岩蚀变前锋而非红色砂岩与灰色砂岩的界限。如果不加以区分,找矿时就会误以为红色砂岩也是氧化带而加以追踪而增加勘探成本。部分特征的地球化学指标提供了该红色砂岩是沉积成岩作用产物认识的相关证据,如红色砂岩中有机碳(Orgc)、CaO、 Cu/Al、Ni/Al和Cd/Al含量均高于黄色砂岩,且形成的流体作用温度低等,均表明红色砂岩为浅层表生沉积成岩环境的产物。微区原位黄铁矿硫同位素特点反映了矿床成因是层间氧化带型铀矿,白色砂岩和绿色砂岩分布极为局限,说明虽受到了油气作用影响但程度较弱。笔者从构造、地形地貌及水文条件、岩性岩相及后生蚀变条件等准则分析,认为研究区具备一定的铀成矿条件,但也存在一些关键方面的不足。含矿层中新统昌吉河群发现多层层间氧化带,其还原剂容量有所不足,尤其是油气耗散作用存在但影响和分布程度极为有限,在一定程度上不利于铀矿的规模性富集。

砂岩型铀矿  /  层间氧化带识别  /  三塘湖盆地  /  成矿条件  /  昌吉河群  /  还原剂容量

The sandstone uranium mineralisation found in the Santang Lake Basin is primarily located in the Hanshuiquan area, with the ore-endowed stratigraphy concentrated in the Neoproterozoic Changji River Group. In order to accurately and objectively evaluate the mineralisation conditions and prospects of the Hanshuiquan area in the Santang Lake Basin, the identification of interlayer oxidation zones and an understanding of the uranium mineralisation conditions are crucial. In this paper, the focus is on the Neoproterozoic Changji River Group. In order to identify the yellow sandstones, geochemical indexes of altered sandstones, constant and trace element analyses of rocks and ores, and physicochemical parameters of fluid action are employed. The grey-green, grey and grey-white sandstones containing minerals or anomalies are considered to be the transition zone, while the red sandstones and grey sandstones are the reductive zone. The grey-green, grey and grey-white sandstones are the result of oxidation, while the red sandstones and grey sandstones are the result of reduction. The oxidised red sandstones present in this area are the result of primary deposition under arid climatic conditions, while the yellow sandstones are interlayer oxidation zones formed by post-oxidation and control uranium mineralisation. It would be beneficial to trace the alteration front of the yellow sandstone in order to reduce the cost of exploration. Some of the geochemical indicators provide evidence that this red sandstone is a product of sedimentary diagenesis. This is evidenced by the higher organic carbon (Orgc), CaO, Cu/Al, Ni/Al and Cd/Al contents in the red sandstone than in the yellow sandstone, and the low temperature of fluid action at which it was formed. The in situ pyrite sulfur isotope signature of the microzone indicates an interstratified oxidized zone type of uranium deposit. The very restricted distribution of white and green sandstones suggests a weak but hydrocarbon-influenced influence. The analysis of tectonic, topographic, geomorphological and hydrological conditions, lithology, petrography and post-generation alteration conditions indicates that this area has certain conditions conducive to uranium mineralisation. However, there are some key deficiencies, including insufficient reductant capacity, weak oil and gas dissipation and the absence of uranium ore enrichment.

Sandstone-type uranium deposit  /  identification of interlayer oxide zones  /  Santanghu basin  /  mineralisation conditions  /  ChangJi River Group  /  reducing agent capacity
林周洋, 吴柏林, 周玉, 刘珉, 李琪, 王苗, 张效瑞, 杨梦迪, 刘明义. 三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区昌吉河群层间氧化带识别与铀成矿条件分析. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 246 -263 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025108
Zhouyang LIN, Bailin WU, Yu ZHOU, Min LIU, Qi LI, Miao WANG, Xiaorui ZHANG, Mengdi YANG, Mingyi LIU. Identification of Interlayer Oxidation Zones and Analysis of Uranium Mineralisation Conditions of the Changjihe Formation in the Hanshuiquan Area of the Southern Margin of the Santanghu Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 246 -263 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025108
铀矿床类型众多(张金带,2016),其中砂岩型铀矿以污染小、易开采等特点在铀矿床储量类型中占据重要的地位(张金带,2012)。20世纪90年代,在三塘湖盆地先后开展过不同小比例尺铀矿资源调查评价,不同学者从水文地质条件、地貌、基底、沉积相、铀源等不同角度对三塘湖盆地进行了部分研究与铀成矿条件分析(金和海,2003;赵宝光等,2004a;白志民等,2009;唐湘飞等,2009;黄大友等,2012;白铭等,2015;韩芳芳等,2018;洪涛,2018;郑国栋等,2022),初步认为研究区内铀矿找矿目标类型为层间氧化带型,找矿目的层为新近系昌吉河群,找矿潜力层位为侏罗系西山窑组、头屯河组等。
三塘湖盆地铀矿地质工作始于20世纪50年代中期,50年代在三塘湖盆地进行了1∶10万航空伽玛测量,发现了数个异常点,并在纸房地区西山窑组中发现含铀煤型铀矿点。20世纪90年代,在纸房地区及汉水泉凹陷西部进行了1∶20万地面伽玛能谱测量、开展了1∶50万铀矿区域预测、1∶20万铀矿区调(带钻),共施工钻孔10个,圈出了可地浸砂岩型铀成矿远景区。例如,三塘湖北东斜坡带,汉水泉南部斜坡带,淖毛湖北部斜坡带等地段。21世纪初,在三塘湖盆地开展了1∶50万铀矿资源评价,划出了包括汉水泉地区在内的部分找矿远景区。2004~2005年,在三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区施工少量钻孔,发现了1个铀矿化孔和2个铀异常孔,铀矿化赋存于上新近系中新统昌吉河群砂体中。矿化受层间氧化带的控制。但是有关研究也认为,该研究区昌吉河群原生灰色砂岩中炭化植物碎屑不是特别丰富,砂体的还原容量偏低(唐湘飞等,2009),该套层位的成矿条件与成矿远景可能受到一定影响,需要深入研究加以确认和评价。
研究区昌吉河群氧化蚀变有黄色和红色两套砂岩。笔者工作从野外调研、钻井岩心观察、矿化的特征地球化学参数、流体包裹体温度分析、后生蚀变类型、常微量元素分析等方面区分出了控矿层间氧化带为黄色砂岩而不是红色砂岩,红色砂岩只是干旱条件下成岩和氧化作用形成,不具控矿的层间氧化带性质,找矿实践中应该寻找黄色砂岩层间氧化带而非红色砂岩。从而明确了找矿的层间氧化带标志和方向。在此基础上,进一步分析了成矿条件和找矿前景。
三塘湖盆地位于新疆东北部的北天山与中蒙边界的阿尔泰山之间,呈NW-SE向延伸的长条形,面积约为23 000 km2(欧阳征健等,2006;鲁海鸥等,2012)。总体表现为南、北高,中央低以及西高东低的地形格局。盆地南为北天山支脉的巴里坤北山和麦钦乌拉山;北部和东北部为大哈甫提山和苏海图山;中部为中低山丘陵区及戈壁荒漠区(图1)。
盆地构造格局表现为东北逆冲推覆隆起带与西南逆冲推覆带夹持的中央坳陷带(图2)。中央坳陷带以岔哈泉隆起为界分为东、西两个次级坳陷;汗井断裂带和白衣山断裂带控制了盆地两隆夹一坳的基本构造格局,两大断裂带逆冲上升盘发育强烈的剥蚀作用,造成二叠系—白垩系的剥蚀及前二叠系基底大面积裸露。盆地基底目前普遍认为是前寒武纪结晶基底与其上的华力西期褶皱基底构成的陆壳双层基底(朱伯生等,1997;刘学锋等,1998;孙自明等,2001;赵泽辉等,2003)。基底活动带经历了多期褶皱、岩浆和交代作用,各种花岗岩和中酸性火山岩发育;其中上石炭统及二叠系为具大陆喷发相的沉积。基底古陆块属性对盆地铀矿的形成是有利的(赵宝光等,2004;汪双双,2013)。
中新生代盆地盖层由中上三叠统小泉沟群(T2+3xq)、侏罗系(J)、下白垩统吐谷鲁群(K1tg)、新近系(R)和第四系(Q)组成(表1),主要分布于三塘湖盆地中央坳陷带中部的条湖凹陷和马朗凹陷以及纸房坳陷的中部地带,地层总厚度最大可达8000 m。侏罗系是盖层中沉积厚度最大,发育最齐全的地层。
汉水泉凹陷位于三塘湖盆地中央坳陷带的西部。面积约为2400 km2。凹陷西北高,东南低。总体表现为向北抬升的单斜,地层倾角较小。该单斜构成局部的斜坡带,是铀成矿的有利构造。凹陷内沉积有三叠系—第四系,西缘三叠系出露地表;石炭系、二叠系构成凹陷的基底及南北边界。中下侏罗统由北向南逐渐变深,顶板埋深一般为200 m以下。由于头屯河期晚期盆地的持续隆升作用,以致汉水泉地区头屯河组基本已被剥蚀,中生代地层几乎已剥蚀殆尽,新近系直接覆盖于古生界及少量的侏罗系之上(唐湘飞等,2009;郑国栋等,2022)。
盆地新近系发育较齐全,分为下新近系紫泥泉子组(E1-2z)、乌伦古河组(E2-3w)及上新近系昌吉河群(N1ch)。主要出露于三塘湖乡–老爷庙公路两侧、岔哈泉以北及鸭子泉周围地区,属河流相–湖泊相类磨拉石建造,沉积厚度由坳陷的中部向边缘变薄。昌吉河群广泛分布于盆地中部,沿山麓地带零星出露,岩层呈近水平产出,属内陆河湖相建造。
新近系(R)在汉水泉地区揭露仅为上新近系昌吉河群(N1ch),分布范围大大超过下新近系,岩层呈近水平或微倾斜(5°~10°)。总体为一套红层夹局部灰色层。沉积厚度为100 ~280 m。其岩性上部为红色、褐红色泥岩、含砾泥岩、泥质砂岩夹石膏;下部为黄色、灰色、灰白色石英长石砂岩、砂砾岩夹粉砂岩、泥岩薄层。不整合于中—上石炭统哈尔加乌组和中侏罗统西山窑组之上,其上又为第四系所覆盖。
三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区砂岩型铀矿找矿的目的层位为中新统昌吉河群(N1ch),而探索层位为中侏罗统西山窑组(J2x)。西山窑组为一套灰色层位,砂体好,还原容量相对其他大,是下一步找矿的潜力层位。
从钻井资料分析,中新统昌吉河群(N1ch)上部砂体为辫状河三角洲沉积特征,下部砂体为辨状河沉积。均发现有层间氧化带及铀异常,总体为一套红层夹局部灰色层并在其中发育黄色层间氧化带。但铀矿化发育较好主要是在工区范围内出露的中下部的砂体。
本次共选取八口钻井,共计19个样品,目标层位均为新近系昌吉河群,岩心以粉砂岩、中细砂岩为主(表2)。根据采样岩石样品颜色类型,样品分为黄色砂岩、红色砂岩、白色砂岩、灰绿色砂岩、灰色砂岩,其中灰色砂岩根据含铀量分为矿化砂岩及非矿化砂岩。本研究进行了一些蚀变流体性质、特征地球化学参数、微量元素及反映矿床成因的微区原位硫同位素测试。
包裹体测试在西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室完成,试验仪器选取LINKAM THMS600型显微冷热台,共获得16个包裹体物理化学性质(表3)。根据上述划分岩石蚀变类型进行归类,黄色蚀变砂岩均一温度为113.3~163.4 ℃,冰点温度为−2.6~−24.3 ℃;平均分别为135.35 ℃和−8.80 ℃;红色蚀变砂岩均一温度为115.20 ℃,冰点温度为−7.20 ℃;白色蚀变砂岩一温度为95.70~134.10 ℃,冰点温度为−5.10~−24.20 ℃,平均分别为119.34 ℃和−13.10 ℃;灰色矿化砂岩均一温度为101.00~123.00 ℃,冰点温度为−2.20~−23.70 ℃,平均分别为114.10 ℃和−14.33 ℃;灰色蚀变砂岩均一温度为81.60 ℃、冰点温度为−10.50 ℃(表3)。从均一温度可以发现,黄色蚀变砂岩与白色蚀变砂岩、灰色矿化砂岩、红色蚀变砂岩温度较为接近,属于低温环境;灰色蚀变砂岩温度较低,接近常温环境。
本次样品特征地球化学参数测试由核工业二〇三研究所完成,实验选取X-SeriesⅡ型电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定;微量元素及稀土元素由西北大学国家动力实验室完成,试验仪器选取Agilient7500a,标准物为BHVO-2、AGV-2测试结果。灰绿色砂岩ΣREE含量为113.13×10−6,LREE/HREE值为8.92,Eu值为0.84,Ce值为1.15;红色砂岩ΣREE含量为93.90×10−6,LREE/HREE值为6.31,Eu值为0.82,Ce值为0.98;黄色砂岩ΣREE含量为127.65×10−6,LREE/HREE值为8.00,Eu值为0.77, Ce值为0.98;白色砂岩ΣREE含量为75.50×10−6,LREE/HREE值为9.31,Eu值为0.92, Ce值为1.21;灰色细砂岩平均ΣREE含量为94.3×10−6,LREE/HREE值为8.3,Eu值为0.9,Ce值为1.2;灰色矿化细砂岩平均ΣREE含量为109.0×10−6,LREE/HREE值为6.6,Eu值为0.8,Ce值为1.0(表4)。
S同位素测试情况,共选取铀含量较高的S2022-44、S2022-46样品制作60~80 μm厚的加厚电子探针片。在电子探针镜下观察及成分测试,选定合适的黄铁矿矿物,利用fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS进行原位微区的黄铁矿S同位素测定,意在分析铀矿物形成与黄铁矿等金属硫化物的关系。电子探针实验在中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心完成,仪器为日本电子公司(JEOL)日本电子株式会社生产,该仪器型号JXA-8230。硫同位素微区原位分析在西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室进行。实验测定利用fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS和膜去溶装置。采用NuPlasma Ⅱ多接收等离子体质谱仪,该质谱仪器购自英国Nu公司。飞秒激光剥蚀系统选用美国ESI公司的NWRUPFemto。
汉水泉地区主要识别出了黄色砂岩蚀变、浅红色或浅棕色砂岩氧化蚀变、少部分灰白色砂岩和灰绿色砂岩蚀变。
黄色氧化砂岩是研究区层间氧化带的主体蚀变岩石类型,蚀变作用较强的则呈褐黄色、黄色、黄褐色(图3a、图3b)。岩石主体呈碎屑结构、中细砂粒状结构。碎屑颗粒一般直径为0.1~0.43 mm,颗粒之间以点线接触为主,颗粒支撑,孔隙式胶结类型。碎屑特征以岩屑占绝大多数,长英质含量较少;基质为黄褐色硅铁隐晶,部分区域出现较多的凝块状不透明褐铁矿、钛铁矿等(图3b)。
本次研究认为,黄色砂岩是后生氧化的结果,是控矿的层间氧化带蚀变(见后面有关的证据),也是找矿的标志(图4)。
岩石具有碎屑结构、细砂粒状结构、凝灰细砂结构特征(图5a、图5b)。碎屑磨圆差、分选差,质–碎屑联合支撑,基底式–孔隙式胶结类型;碎屑组分主要为石英、长石、岩屑(灰屑)、沸石–石英(玉髓)质,硅铁质凝团、铁质凝聚团;其中岩屑含量大,占碎屑组分一半;粒径普遍为0.12~0.35 mm。岩石浅棕色特征主要由絮状钛铁矿–褐铁矿(赤铁矿)组分凝聚浸染粉晶碳酸盐所呈现。
本次研究认为,浅红色或浅棕色砂岩多是沉积成岩作用的氧化蚀变,是地层在炎热干旱的环境条件下形成的,而不是控矿的层间氧化带的蚀变,因此与成矿无关。
岩石具有气孔结构、细砂粒状结构、凝灰细砂结构和碳酸盐化结构特征(图6a、图6b)。碎屑磨圆差、分选差,多数为颗粒支撑,孔隙式胶结类型;碎屑组分主要为石英、长石、岩屑(灰屑)、铁质凝聚团;其中岩屑含量大,占碎屑组分2/3;粒径普遍为0.12~0.35 mm;胶结物:主要为钛铁质+硅镁质+碳酸质混合物;有较多的鳞片状绿泥石结晶。
灰绿色砂岩被认为是氧化砂岩遭受油气还原作用的产物,但在研究区却偶然可见,分布上极为少见;可见油气作用现象是可见的,但作用程度却极弱。
岩石具有熔岩碎屑结构、碳酸盐化结构(图7a、图7b);斑晶粒径为0.05~0.2 mm,含量约为40%,基质约为55%,成分为高岭土质;斑晶组份为棱角状石英、长石、方解石等。白色砂岩被认为是油气蚀变作用使黏土矿物发生了大规模的高岭石化,目前已在鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿和松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床证实。本次灰白色砂岩在镜下观察到的发育大量的高岭土质,其形成可能与该区的油气作用关系密切。但因为高岭石化总体较弱,因此认为该区油气作用有显示,但却较弱。
岩石具有碎屑结构、细砂粒状结构、凝灰细砂结构特征(图8a、图8b)。碎屑磨圆差、分选差,质–碎屑联合支撑,基底式–孔隙式胶结类型;碎屑组分主要为石英、长石、岩屑(灰屑)、沸石–石英(玉髓)质,硅铁质凝团、铁质凝聚团;其中岩屑含量较多,粒径普遍介于0.12~0.35 mm。填隙物以碳酸盐+硅质+铁镁质混合物为主,发育部分空隙,铁质凝聚物为含钛硅铁质、褐铁矿等。岩石的整体灰色色调由基质的铁镁质+粉晶碳酸盐+钛铁矿混合物所呈现。
这种岩石类型一般是还原带的砂岩,不过与红色砂岩相比,总体上分布却极为局限,与原生的大量的红色砂岩构成还原带,是原生沉积的产物。
各个砂岩类型除了岩石学特点明显差别之外,在某些地球化学指标或参数方面也有明显的差别。例如在Fe3+/Fe2+、ΣS、U、Th、Orgc方面的特点比较明显(表5,图9)。铀矿化砂岩和灰色还原带砂岩其ΣS和Orgc明显高于其他类型砂岩含量(表5,图9a、图9b),反映成矿所需还原剂的作用,还原剂含量越高越有利铀成矿过程。氧化蚀变(红色和黄色砂岩)的数值则最小,说明遭受氧化的结果。白色和灰绿色砂岩的指标偏小,说明早期氧化砂岩遭受了后期的还原改造,继承了ΣS和Orgc指标小的特点。
沉积岩中有机质作为还原剂,是影响碎屑岩颜色的因素之一。研究区红色砂岩中有机碳(Orgc)含量比黄色氧化的要高,进一步说明红色砂岩总体是沉积成岩环境中的产物,而黄色砂岩是后生作用氧化的结果。
Fe3+/Fe2+的值可以反映砂岩所受到的氧化作用或还原作用。红色砂岩与黄色砂岩Fe3+/Fe2+数值大(表5,图9c),反映了氧化作用的存在;而白色、灰绿色、灰色(矿化)砂岩的数值小,说明它们的形成是受还原作用的结果。
通过对比不同类型砂岩U/Th值大小,反映不同类型砂岩中铀元素在成矿过程中特点。矿化砂岩中U/Th最高,说明铀的成矿作用,铀元素得到富集;红色砂岩与黄色砂岩U/Th值小,说明可能铀元素发生迁移作用,即提供一定量的铀源参与铀成矿过程;白色砂岩U/Th相对较高,说明油气在漂白砂岩的过程中与含铀地表氧化水发生氧化还原作用,使白色砂岩中铀得到一定程度的富集,但白色砂岩分布极为有限,说明油气作用范围有限、程度极弱,对铀成矿所起作用是有的、但贡献较小(图9d)。
各蚀变稀土元素配分曲线基本一致(图10),为轻稀土富集的右倾型,说明物质来源于上地壳,形成于同一的外生环境中。白色蚀变总稀土略低于其他类型砂岩样品,而稀土元素一般被认为是不活动元素。对比各类砂岩的成因,白色砂岩受还原性流体作用,即油气漂白形成,其稀土含量有所亏损,推测是由于略受到深部来源的油气作用的影响导致。这在受油气作用明显的东胜铀矿和钱家店铀矿的这种特征已经得到验证(吴柏林等,2022;王苗,2022)。
总之,氧化蚀变(黄色、红色蚀变)Fe2O3含量高,Th/U值大,说明氧化过程中砂岩提供了铀源;而还原性蚀变(白色、绿色)Fe2O3含量低,说明还原环境形成的特征,其Th/U值小,说明还原蚀变形成过程中铀得到了一定程度的富集,白色蚀变砂岩可能受到一定深部流体作用的影响,导致稀土含量略有亏损。然从分布范围来看,绿色砂岩偶然可见,白色砂岩局部可见,说明研究区油气还原作用可见,但程度极弱。
在红色砂岩中,CaO含量偏大,即某些层位出现高CaO含量;而在灰色砂岩和黄色砂岩中,则Ca元素含量低。而已有研究成果表明,CaO并不是主要来源于陆源碎屑,而可能为沉积时或成岩作用早期形成的自生矿物;在碎屑岩沉积为相对干旱的气候条件下,碱金属离子Ca2+、Mg2+等会因强烈地蒸发作用发生化学沉淀。因此,红色砂岩是成岩作用下的产物。而灰色砂岩和黄色砂岩其可能形成于温暖潮湿气候条件下,沉积水体中氧化还原界面相对较高,底层水溶解氧含量相对较低,CaO含量变化小(图11)。而Fe3+/Fe2+、U、Orgc等方面与前述特征相同。
这些数据是现代或古代沉积环境中最广泛使用的氧化还原条件指标之一。其应用原理是,氧化还原敏感元素大多数具有多种价态,在还原条件下存在的低价态更容易发生有机酸络合作用或形成难溶的金属硫化物、或沉淀为不溶的氢氧化物等。但由于砂岩中氧化还原敏感元素的含量部分来自物源区陆源碎屑输入,为了消除陆源碎屑的影响,对元素进行Al标准化,标准化后的数据就可以较好反映其形成时环境特征(图12)。因为碎屑岩中Al元素主要来源于物源区母岩,在沉积过程中不会因环境改变而发生富集或亏损,且在后期成岩作用过程中也不会发生迁移,其含量主要取决于陆源碎屑的输入量,因此,可以用某元素与 Al 之间的相关性来判断该元素是否主要来源于物源碎屑的输入。
红色砂岩中Cu/Al、Ni/Al和Cd/Al高于灰色砂岩和黄色砂岩(表6,图12),红色砂岩主要来源于物源碎屑的输入,环境的氧化程度要高于灰色和黄色砂岩。灰色啥样成岩时期为整体干旱氧化环境,黄色砂岩形成于后生流体作用的层间氧化改造环境。
采用均一法测温,实验测得流体捕获时的均一温度和冰点温度及盐度结果(表3,图13a)。砂岩的次生包裹体均一温度分布范围较宽,为81.6~163.4 ℃。根据温度区与砂岩类型可以分为3种情况:①黄色氧化样品中的测温,平均结果为135.35 ℃,属于低温环境;②矿化、白色蚀变和红色氧化样品,数据较为接近,平均约为114.10~119.34 ℃,也属于低温环境;③还原带的灰色砂岩,数据为81.60 ℃,已接近常温的环境,即该类矿化确为地下水作用的层间氧化带型矿床,温度不高,为常温或低温。氧化作用期间温度最高,有利于铀源从地层中充分地带出,利于成矿。此外,同属氧化作用,黄色蚀变作用温度高,达150 ℃左右,而红色氧化作用温度范围较低,约114 ℃,说明两者形成环境不同。前者为成矿的层间氧化作用,与成矿作用关系密切;后者为成岩作用的氧化作用,与成矿关系不大。
层间氧化带型铀矿床的含铀含氧流体为地表低温流体,只有受到后期的热流体作用的叠加改造,才可能出现上述较高的温度特征。按成矿热液的划分标准(≥350 ℃为高温,150~250 ℃为中温,≤150 ℃为低温),可将含矿层流体作用分为二期:一期是小于100 ℃的常–低温流体,另一期为100~150 ℃的低温流体。黄色层间氧化作用这类蚀变控制铀矿床的形成。
层间氧化、油气漂白及矿化作用时期pH值明显更低(图13c、图13d),酸性程度高;而还原带及成岩作用时期pH值酸性程度要小一些。白色化是高岭石的形成时期,自然酸性程度更低。成矿期及白色化时期Eh值明显更小(图13d),说明更强的还原环境,证明了白色化不是弱氧化作用而是还原作用,且与铀矿化有一定的关系。
综合上述特征,可以认为从红色氧化(成岩期)→黄色层间氧化作用→矿化→白色化→正常还原带,各蚀变形成的Ph-Eh环境变化过程依次为弱酸性氧化→酸性氧化→弱酸还原→酸性弱还原→弱酸性还原的流体环境性质的变化特点。
工区汉水泉地区基底及蚀源区主要由泥盆系(D)、石炭系(C)构成,盖层由侏罗系(J)、新近系(R)及第四系(Q)构成。侵入岩体主要为华力西中期的辉绿岩、辉长岩及霏细斑岩。古生界仅在盆地南北缘出露(刘惠华,2014;司学强等,2015)。
侏罗系主要为中侏罗统西山窑组及头屯河组,出露于盆地南缘。西山窑组(J2x)为黄褐、灰绿、暗黄色长石岩屑砂岩夹砂质泥岩、含砾粗砂岩及煤层。头屯河组(J2t)在汉水泉一带多被剥蚀,仅在局部井中可见,如ZK112-5。
新近系(R)在汉水泉地区揭露仅为上新近系昌吉河群(N1ch),分布范围大大超过下新近系,岩层呈近水平或微倾斜(5°~10°)。总体为一套红层夹局部灰色层。沉积厚度为100 ~280 m。其岩性上部为红色、褐红色泥岩、含砾泥岩、泥质砂岩夹石膏;下部为黄色、灰色、灰白色石英长石砂岩、砂砾岩夹粉砂岩、泥岩薄层。沉积厚度为100 ~280 m。汉水泉地区出露的仅为该群的上部,岩性为黄、褐黄、褐红色、浅褐色泥质粉砂岩、泥岩及砂岩、含砾砂岩、砾岩等,泥岩及砂岩中偶夹石膏层。不整合于中—上石炭统哈尔加乌组和中侏罗统西山窑组之上,其上又为第四系所覆盖。
三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区砂岩型铀矿找矿的目的层位为中新统昌吉河群(N1ch),而探索层位为中侏罗统西山窑组(J2x)。西山窑组为一套灰色层位,砂体好,还原容量相对其他大,是下一步找矿的潜力层位。
从钻井资料分析,中新统昌吉河群(N1ch)砂体可以分上下两部分,上部砂体为辫状河三角洲沉积特征,下部砂体为辨状河沉积。均发现有层间氧化带及铀异常,总体为一套红层夹局部灰色层并在其中发育黄色层间氧化带。但铀矿化发育较好主要是在中下部的砂体中。工区范围内出露的地层多为昌吉河群(N1ch)上部及中部的砂体。
从上面各蚀变的地球化学性质来看,红色蚀变砂岩为沉积成岩期氧化的产物;而黄色蚀变为后生氧化的产物,形成层间氧化带,与研究区矿化关系最为密切。白色砂岩为后期油气还原改造的还原性蚀变,使铀矿化也有一定程度的富集,但作用程度弱、分布极为局限。而灰色砂岩是还原带,矿化则赋存在黄色砂岩与灰色砂岩渐变的氧化-还原过渡带上。层间氧化带前锋线在汉水泉南部大致呈近北西向展布,前锋线距南部蚀源区约为10 ~25 km,氧化带长度约为10 km。层间氧化带顶板埋深为190 ~220 m,底板埋深为265 ~290 m。
黄色砂岩与灰色砂岩界限处产铀矿化,黄色砂岩为控矿的层间氧化带,也为找矿标志。而大量的红色砂岩夹局部 的灰色砂岩为还原带,为原生沉积的产物,红色砂岩并不控矿。
矿区存在地下水排泄源-汉水泉逆冲断裂带(汗井断裂带),对成矿有利,矿化沿汉水泉断裂南部的边防公路一带分布。该断裂西起乌通苏依泉,经汉水泉、刘家井子向东延伸至鸭子泉一带,总体呈NW走向,倾向NE,倾角为50°~70°,呈上陡下缓的铲式,长约为240 km,地表被第四系覆盖。在地表呈线状构造,两侧均分布有树丛砂丘带、泉和泥火山(金和海等,2003;黄大友等,2012)。断裂北面出露零散的古生代地层,以南为洼地,基底埋深达3 km。该断裂带包括了老爷庙断裂、汉水泉南断裂、刘家井子断裂、兔子滩北断裂等(图1),控制了盆地内中生界的残留范围。局部地区断层上盘的石炭系基底逆冲于下盘的中新生代地层之上,垂直断距大于1 500 m。形成于华力西期,至印支期—燕山早期在南北压扭作用下复活,接受新生代的沉积。
汉水泉地区在空间上可划分为补给区、径流区、排泄区三大水平分带。盆地两侧的基岩山区是盆地地下水的主要补给来源。区内周边高,中间低,汉水泉地势最低(图14),海拔由1000 m降为500 m。根据地下水补给条件,地下水主要自南北山前向中部汉水泉、刘家井子一带径流汇集。排泄区在汉水泉、刘家井子一带,地下水的排泄方式主要通过汉井断裂带,以上升泉的形式溢出,在地表表现为草丛沙丘。野外踏勘汉水泉地下水径流区与排泄区具明显分界线(戈壁与绿植界限)。东侧绿植区即排泄区,西侧戈壁即径流区,中间以汉井断裂带为界限,铀矿化应沿该断裂带附近分布。绿植区域内可见径流蒸发后留下盐迹(排泄区)(图15)。
三塘湖盆地油气勘探始于1993年,经过长期的石油勘探,在盆地内5个油田、2个含油气构造,分布于马朗凹陷和条湖凹陷,油气资源较为丰富。马朗凹陷以寻找二叠世为油源的自生自储原生油藏和古生新储的次生油藏为主;条湖凹陷以寻找侏罗系为油源的自生自储油藏为主。二叠纪芦草沟组是三塘湖盆地主要的生油层,自身发育良好的碳酸盐岩,是盆地内优质储集岩层,但受晚华力西运动影响遭受抬升剥蚀,目前仅在马朗凹陷和条湖凹陷可见(刘延莉等,2004;朱玉双等,2009)。
结合盆地内的断裂构造发育特征来看(图1、图2、图14),断裂构造延伸到J、K底层逐渐消失,但贯穿中新生代盖层断裂较为局限,因此油气中含有的大量还原性气体(CH4等)(洪涛,2018),对新生代地层耗散有限,对新近系昌吉河群(N1ch)作用程度弱,也是该区铀成矿前景受到影响的一个重要因素。
根据原位S同位素测试结果数据,制作矿区矿石中微区原位黄铁矿硫同位素分布图(表7,图16),硫同位素正值多说明受到深源的油气热液作用硫源的影响较大,从数据说明研究区成矿与深源的含油气热液作用关系较小,油气提供还原剂程度较弱。硫同位素负值大指示微生物的作用,多为受到浅部沉积作用流体系统的影响。该硫同位素特征与伊犁盆地南部铀矿的特征极为相似,即矿床形成主要是受到浅部地下水作用影响,成因上主要为层间氧化带型铀矿(吴柏林,2005)。因此,三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区铀矿床受到油气作用影响较弱,成因上主要为层间氧化带型铀矿。
三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区目前找到层间氧化带型铀矿化点或发现较好的显示已是事实,无论从构造准则、地形地貌及气候准则、铀源准则、渗入型自流水盆地准则、还是岩性岩相及后生蚀变条件等,都具备一定的成矿条件。但事实是目前虽有发现,但却未找到具相当规模的矿床。通过本次工作已经确认存在合适的铀成矿条件,但是欲具备较大规模的找矿潜力,仍存在一些不足的因素。
研究区的含矿层位是昌吉河群,但这套地层不是含煤地层,且钻孔揭露的层间灰色砂岩中炭化植物碎屑含量较少(王盛鹏,2013;孙丽雯,2018)。对于典型的层间氧化带控矿的砂岩铀矿,依靠地层自身内部还原剂需要较长的成矿时间;当有外源性还原介质如油气,参与铀成矿过程时,可以缩短成矿时间。虽然三塘湖盆地内含有良好的油气资源,但发育切穿新生代盖层、如昌吉河群地层的断裂不明显,这为油气运移参与铀成矿的不足条件。
通过钻井岩心的观察,发现研究区中白色蚀变、绿色等还原性蚀变发育程度较弱,且分布极为零星和局部,说明油气作用不强。从硫同位素反映的矿床成因来看,矿化成因为浅表层的地下水作用的层间氧化作用,深源低温含油气流体作用程度较弱,油气对铀成矿作用有限,一定程度 上影响 铀成矿的前景。
砂体还原剂不足,在后期较强的地下水径流条件下,层间氧化带前锋线向灰色还原带的推进将非常迅速,地下水中的铀将因为砂体的低还原容量而难以大量富集从而降低铀矿化品位。目前昌吉河群层间氧化作用已将该地层南部大面积还原砂岩氧化完全,层间氧化带前锋线已自南向北、自西向东推进至局部排泄源汉水泉一带,这势必制约层间氧化带前锋线的延伸长度及其含矿性。
目前已揭露到铀矿化的钻孔,矿化砂岩却都很薄,厚度未超过1 m,品位也不太高,从而导致平方米铀量偏低。再者,同一套砂体层间氧化发育的多层性,也是不利因素之一,导致铀的富集有所分散。已发现层间氧化带向北发育被泥岩夹层分成三层,这种多层性使铀的富集在各层中均有发育,减小了铀集中富集的可能性,也导致矿层较薄的现象。
(1)区分了本区氧化蚀变和还原蚀变的类型及其作用性质和程度。研究区主要的氧化蚀变表现为早期的黄色和红色砂岩,还原蚀变的类型有铀矿化和伴生的黄铁矿化以及少量白色砂岩和灰绿色砂岩蚀变。氧化蚀变性质为酸性氧化环境;白色与灰绿色蚀变为酸性还原、弱碱性还原;铀矿化形成于(弱酸–弱碱)–还原性环境。白色砂岩和灰绿色砂岩分布极为局限,说明油气作用影响存在但作用程度却较小。
(2)从蚀变的部分特征地球化学指标、对氧化一还原敏感的元素特征等确定了红色砂岩形成于干旱沉积成岩作用环境,黄色蚀变为后生氧化作用形成且控矿的成因特点,黄色蚀变才是本区的层间氧化带而非红色砂岩,找矿应追踪黄色砂岩与灰色砂岩的界限。
(3)明确了本区成矿作用的前景及主要影响因素。研究区含矿层中新统昌吉河群发现多层黄色蚀变类型层间氧化带,矿床成因是层间氧化带型铀矿;从本区构造、地形地貌及气候演变、自流水盆地、岩性岩相及后生蚀变条件等准则分析,认为昌吉河群虽具备一定的铀成矿条件,但由于受到油气作用影响程度偏弱、地层中还原剂容量有所不足,对成矿前景产生一定程度的不利影响。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025108
  • 接收时间:2024-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-21
  • 修回日期:2025-06-11
  • 录用日期:2025-08-21
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    1大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西 西安 710069
    2中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830057

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吴柏林(1967−),男,教授,博士生导师,从事铀矿地质学、盆地分析、盆地有机−无机矿产相互作用等研究。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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