Article(id=1307088287701693298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025165, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744387200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-12, revisedDate=1760630400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-17, acceptedDate=1760889600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineDate=1789563732314, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563732314, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563732314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563732314, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307087507837964779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563546379, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616219263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=209, endPage=227, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307088289714959219, articleId=1307088287701693298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Genesis and Cu-Ni Mineralization Potential of the Xishenba Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton. It is a newly discovered magmatic Cu-Ni mineralized intrusion in Hannan, Shaanxi Province, with significant mineralization potential. The intrusion consists of lherzolite, olivine lherzolite, and gabbro. The ore bodies are predominantly hosted within the lherzolite unit, with sulfides mainly comprising pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite. Zircon U-Pb concordant age of the Xishenba intrusion is (854±3)Ma, indicating that it was formed in the middle Neoproterozoic. Geochemically, gabbro exhibit right-inclined REE patterns characterized by light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment and heavy rare earth element (HREE) depletion. In contrast, olivine lherzolite and lherzolite display relatively flat REE patterns with slight LREE enrichment. All samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, K) and depleted in high field strength elements (Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf).These geochemical characteristics are similar to those of other Neoproterozoic mafic–ultramafic intrusions along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block and global island arc basalts, suggesting a plate convergence setting. Olivine crystals from the ore-bearing lherzolite have Fo value of 76.0~80.9 mol%, Ni content of <200×10−6 to 1445×10−6. The correlation between these parameters suggests that sulfide segregation occurred in the parental magma of the Xishenba intrusion. Zircon from the lherzolite yield εHf(t) value of −6.82~4.84, indicative of a depleted mantle source. Modeling based on Hf isotopes and Th/Yb–Nb/Yb systematics suggests that the magma experienced 10%~30% crustal contamination during ascent, which was likely the key factor triggering sulfide segregation. Comparative analysis with magmatic deposits formed in convergent settings, such as those at Xiarihamu, Kalatongke, and Sibao, reveals that the Xishenba Cu–Ni deposit possesses significant mineralization potential. Consequently, similar types of mafic-ultramafic intrusions along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block should be prioritized as targets for future Cu–Ni exploration.

, authors=Mingju FANG1, Jun DUAN1, *, Gang XU1, Jia SUN2, Ning WANG3, Jiantao WU1, Yingying LU1, Tianhe JIA1, authorsList=Mingju FANG, Jun DUAN, Gang XU, Jia SUN, Ning WANG, Jiantao WU, Yingying LU, Tianhe JIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jun DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307088291883414406, articleId=1307088287701693298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=扬子北缘喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩体成因与铜镍成矿潜力研究, columnId=1307087508710380014, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体位于扬子克拉通北缘,是陕西汉南地区近年新发现的岩浆铜镍矿化岩体,具有良好的成矿潜力。该岩体由二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、辉长岩组成,矿体主要赋存于二辉橄榄岩体中,硫化物主要为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿。喜神坝岩体中锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(854±3) Ma,表明其形成于新元古代中期。辉长岩具轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾型稀土元素分配模式,橄榄二辉岩和二辉橄榄岩呈轻稀土元素略微富集的平坦型分配模式,所有样品均具有富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K),亏损高场强元素(Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf)的特征,类似于扬子北缘其他新元古代镁铁–超镁铁质岩体和全球岛弧玄武岩的特征,表明其形成于板块汇聚背景。赋矿的二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石晶体的Fo值为76.0~80.9 mol%,Ni含量为<200×10−6~1445×10−6,两者相关性表明喜神坝母岩浆曾发生了硫化物熔离。二辉橄榄岩中锆石εHf(t)值为−6.82~4.84,指示其来自亏损地幔源区;Hf同位素以及Th/Yb和Nb/Yb的模拟计算表明,岩浆上升过程中遭受了10%~30%的地壳物质混染,地壳组分混染可能是硫化物熔离的主要因素。与夏日哈木、喀拉通克、四堡等汇聚背景下岩浆矿床成矿特征对比表明,喜神坝铜镍矿床具有较好的铜镍成矿潜力,扬子北缘同类型镁铁–超镁铁质岩体应是下一步的铜镍勘查对象。

, authors=房明举1, 段俊1, *, 徐刚1, 孙佳2, 王宁3, 吴建涛1, 陆盈颖1, 贾天河1, authorsList=房明举, 段俊, 徐刚, 孙佳, 王宁, 吴建涛, 陆盈颖, 贾天河, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=段俊, authorNote=

房明举(2001−),男,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E–mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
段俊(1986−),男,副教授,主要从事矿床学的研究与教学。E–mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=e1sKmfcJi1ZMcns9PnOXtw==, magXml=6FelKxBLrq2wdvPtid4A9w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KuNh1jW77SEnuCtHt/0EGQ==, pdfFileSize=4708883, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qnakJCURkEjZIDHMMn9Y7Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VnGMrPzjaFTqbNifrMHZBQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307088293888291729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=3176388704@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307088293988955027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, authorId=1307088293888291729, language=EN, stringName=Mingju FANG, firstName=Mingju, middleName=null, lastName=FANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307088294056063892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, authorId=1307088293888291729, language=CN, stringName=房明举, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054, bio={"content":"

房明举(2001−),男,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E–mail:

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房明举(2001−),男,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E–mail:

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Precambrian Research, 2007, 155(1-2): 98−124., articleTitle=40Ar–39Ar age, geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes of the Neoproterozoic Lengshuiqing Cu–Ni sulfide-bearing mafic–ultramafic complex, SW China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307088292109906823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088292118295432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, companyId=1307088292109906823, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088292126684041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, companyId=1307088292109906823, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307088293707936650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088293720519563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, companyId=1307088293707936650, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Tianjin North China Geological Exploration Bureau, Tianjin 300171, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088293728908172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, companyId=1307088293707936650, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津华北地质勘查局,天津 300171)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307088293800211341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088293808599950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, companyId=1307088293800211341, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Shaanxi Mineral Resources and Geological Survey, Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307088293816988559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, companyId=1307088293800211341, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3陕西省地质调查院,陕西省矿产地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710068)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307088298372002754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Schematic diagram of the distribution of magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits around the Yangtze Block, and (b) distribution of Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, figureFileSmall=BG8hiwI/QdKGN31zihCKFw==, figureFileBig=qnakJCURkEjZIDHMMn9Y7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088298451694531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=图1, caption=扬子陆块周缘岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分布示意图(a;据尹福光等,2012修改)和扬子北缘新元古代镁铁–超镁铁质岩体分布图(b;据Zhao et al., 2009a修改), figureFileSmall=BG8hiwI/QdKGN31zihCKFw==, figureFileBig=qnakJCURkEjZIDHMMn9Y7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088298623660996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=(a) Distribution map of Neoproterozoic intrusions in the Hanzhong region, Shaanxi Province, and (b) geological sketch map of the Xishenba mining area, figureFileSmall=HqzCse/8EBQSJIyRCFDshg==, figureFileBig=A0iHYPyPfx5LoxU5RUqNyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088298694964165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=图2, caption=陕西汉南地区新元古代岩浆岩侵入体分布图(a;据Dong et al., 2011修改)、喜神坝矿区地质简图(b;据陕西省喜神坝幅1∶5万地质矿产图, 2009), figureFileSmall=HqzCse/8EBQSJIyRCFDshg==, figureFileBig=A0iHYPyPfx5LoxU5RUqNyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088298774655942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Hand specimens and photomicrographs of the Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion, figureFileSmall=GFnnn3fAl+1OYeMUZ8K0sg==, figureFileBig=+t6C3YJUwVH34m/wlMWAKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088298871124935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=图3, caption=喜神坝镁铁-超镁铁岩体手标本照片与显微照片

a. 二辉橄榄岩(包橄结构),正交偏光;b. 二辉橄榄岩(堆晶结构),单偏光;c. 橄榄二辉岩,正交偏光;d. 辉长岩(辉长结构),正交偏光;e. 浸染状矿石手标本;f. 浸染状矿石,反射光(Ol.橄榄石;Opx.斜方辉石;Cpx.单斜辉石;Pl.斜长石;Po.磁黄铁矿;Ccp.黄铜矿;Pn.镍黄铁矿)

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毕机沟侵入体的橄榄石数据来自(王洁等, 2024)

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矿物缩写:Ol.橄榄石;Opx.斜方辉石;Cpx.单斜辉石;Di.透辉石;Aug.普通辉石

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球粒陨石和原始地幔标准值据(Sun et al., 1989);全球平均岛弧玄武岩数据来自(杨婧等, 2016);碑坝岩体的数据来自(Zhao et al., 2009b);清明山矿体的数据来自(Zhou et al, 2017);喀拉通克矿体的数据来自(Duan et al., 2017);夏日哈木矿体数据来自(姜常义等, 2015)

, figureFileSmall=ufoVT5ElcXXX48ojb4MIjA==, figureFileBig=h/5Yq/8Dm3PxCiHrJignqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088299718374354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=(a) Zircon age versus εHf(t) correlation diagram and (b) Th/Yb vs. Nb/Yb trace element ratio diagram, figureFileSmall=vKYdqtyL6TS3167YnjLzZQ==, figureFileBig=L+L7hdvO79amh1RhgjRrbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088299785483219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=图9, caption=锆石年龄-εHf(t)相关图解(a)和微量元素Th/Yb-Nb/Yb相关图(b)

图a 毕机沟、望江山、碑坝的数据来自(Wang et al, 2016),满洞地苏岩体(清明山)的数据来自;图b 底图引自(Pearce, 2008), MORB-OIB 阵列的数据来自(Pearce, 2008);毕机沟、望江山、碑坝的数据来自(Wang et al, 2016);清明山数据来自(Zhou et al., 2017)

, figureFileSmall=vKYdqtyL6TS3167YnjLzZQ==, figureFileBig=L+L7hdvO79amh1RhgjRrbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307088299852592084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Zircon U-Pb isotopic dating data of the Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试点Pb232Th238U238U/232Th207Pb/206Pb207Pb/235U206Pb/238U相关性206Pb/238U
(10−6)(10−6)(10−6)比值比值1σ比值1σ比值1σrho年龄(Ma)1σ
XSB-1271001762.282850.068020.003381.326470.062710.141540.002090.31306853.411.8
XSB-2831605844.110290.067750.002541.321050.050250.140240.001990.37352846.011.3
XSB-31096816311.027320.067090.002221.321760.041980.142270.002090.46183857.511.8
XSB-41437358531.278780.067820.002271.344620.046280.142860.001760.35851860.89.9
XSB-5984526091.503740.067550.002741.343610.054630.143610.002070.35491865.011.7
XSB-6422002581.416070.069470.003131.380560.063210.143100.002340.35777862.213.2
XSB-71267007641.200310.069310.002371.368210.048160.141530.001940.38930853.311.0
XSB-8702674611.903670.068130.002631.344380.049270.141710.001880.36202854.410.6
XSB-91095017141.553970.066040.002191.287020.040510.139580.001950.44446842.311.0
XSB-1074885496.929840.066600.002711.309390.050330.140190.002120.39326845.812.0
XSB-11854155331.443220.069200.002601.380170.049310.143020.002120.41430861.711.9
), ArticleFig(id=1307088299949061077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体中锆石U-Pb同位素数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试点Pb232Th238U238U/232Th207Pb/206Pb207Pb/235U206Pb/238U相关性206Pb/238U
(10−6)(10−6)(10−6)比值比值1σ比值1σ比值1σrho年龄(Ma)1σ
XSB-1271001762.282850.068020.003381.326470.062710.141540.002090.31306853.411.8
XSB-2831605844.110290.067750.002541.321050.050250.140240.001990.37352846.011.3
XSB-31096816311.027320.067090.002221.321760.041980.142270.002090.46183857.511.8
XSB-41437358531.278780.067820.002271.344620.046280.142860.001760.35851860.89.9
XSB-5984526091.503740.067550.002741.343610.054630.143610.002070.35491865.011.7
XSB-6422002581.416070.069470.003131.380560.063210.143100.002340.35777862.213.2
XSB-71267007641.200310.069310.002371.368210.048160.141530.001940.38930853.311.0
XSB-8702674611.903670.068130.002631.344380.049270.141710.001880.36202854.410.6
XSB-91095017141.553970.066040.002191.287020.040510.139580.001950.44446842.311.0
XSB-1074885496.929840.066600.002711.309390.050330.140190.002120.39326845.812.0
XSB-11854155331.443220.069200.002601.380170.049310.143020.002120.41430861.711.9
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300037141462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data of the Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号176Yb/177Hf176Lu/177Hf176Hf/177Hf(176Hf/177Hf)iεHf(t)TDM1TDM2fLu/Hf
LH-10.0992970.0029500.2822290.282181−2.0315221 866−0.91
LH-20.0541980.0014780.2820910.282067−6.0716552118−0.96
LH-30.0379610.0010770.2822790.2822610.8013761687−0.97
LH-40.1523970.0038030.2822010.282139−3.5216011958−0.89
LH-50.0365460.0011180.2823930.2823754.8412171432−0.97
LH-60.0884460.0025990.2822580.282216−0.7914641787−0.92
LH-70.1220070.0030400.2821100.282061−6.2917002132−0.91
LH-80.0649960.0019290.2823150.2822841.6213561636−0.94
LH-90.1034560.0023880.2820850.282046−6.8217062165−0.93
LH-100.0473630.0012340.2821160.282097−5.0116092053−0.96
LH-110.0553680.0014610.2821370.282114−4.4115902016−0.96
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300116833239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体中锆石Lu-Hf同位素数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号176Yb/177Hf176Lu/177Hf176Hf/177Hf(176Hf/177Hf)iεHf(t)TDM1TDM2fLu/Hf
LH-10.0992970.0029500.2822290.282181−2.0315221 866−0.91
LH-20.0541980.0014780.2820910.282067−6.0716552118−0.96
LH-30.0379610.0010770.2822790.2822610.8013761687−0.97
LH-40.1523970.0038030.2822010.282139−3.5216011958−0.89
LH-50.0365460.0011180.2823930.2823754.8412171432−0.97
LH-60.0884460.0025990.2822580.282216−0.7914641787−0.92
LH-70.1220070.0030400.2821100.282061−6.2917002132−0.91
LH-80.0649960.0019290.2823150.2822841.6213561636−0.94
LH-90.1034560.0023880.2820850.282046−6.8217062165−0.93
LH-100.0473630.0012340.2821160.282097−5.0116092053−0.96
LH-110.0553680.0014610.2821370.282114−4.4115902016−0.96
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300200719320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Olivine electron microprobe data of the Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号点数Na2OMnOK2OMgOFeOP2O5Al2O3NiOCaOSiO2Cr2O3TiO2TotalFoNi(10−6)
TZ7-7140.030.340.0039.9920.860.020.010.090.0038.940.010.01100.2977.36726
TZ7-340.000.340.0041.2619.930.020.050.100.0439.420.070.01101.2578.68796
TZ7-15140.020.360.0040.1220.550.010.110.090.0338.720.030.02100.0777.69728
TZ7-17120.020.330.0040.9019.660.030.010.100.0139.240.010.02100.3378.77789
TZ7-19140.040.320.0040.4120.130.020.000.120.0138.680.010.0199.7678.16911
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300280411097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体中橄榄石电子探针数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号点数Na2OMnOK2OMgOFeOP2O5Al2O3NiOCaOSiO2Cr2O3TiO2TotalFoNi(10−6)
TZ7-7140.030.340.0039.9920.860.020.010.090.0038.940.010.01100.2977.36726
TZ7-340.000.340.0041.2619.930.020.050.100.0439.420.070.01101.2578.68796
TZ7-15140.020.360.0040.1220.550.010.110.090.0338.720.030.02100.0777.69728
TZ7-17120.020.330.0040.9019.660.030.010.100.0139.240.010.02100.3378.77789
TZ7-19140.040.320.0040.4120.130.020.000.120.0138.680.010.0199.7678.16911
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300364297178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Major element (%) and trace element data (10−6) of the Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型辉长岩辉长岩辉长岩橄榄二辉岩橄榄二辉岩橄榄二辉岩二辉橄榄岩二辉橄榄岩
样品编号XSB1-4XSB1-5XSB1-6XSB2-1XSB2-2XSB2-3XSB3-1XSB3-2
SiO247.3854.6350.3248.3747.9043.9844.9746.59
TiO20.410.470.450.410.390.250.330.36
Al2O318.217.8716.995.645.088.244.633.86
TFe2O310.918.828.659.4010.0512.0512.0110.63
MnO0.150.180.140.140.150.140.160.13
MgO8.3912.738.4516.2918.0518.3521.5521.42
CaO7.3210.866.5215.4813.3910.9610.2011.66
Na2O1.730.852.750.540.540.380.510.56
K2O1.740.741.510.160.170.150.150.14
P2O50.050.100.070.040.030.030.040.03
LOI2.832.113.323.143.344.595.154.08
TOTAL99.1299.3699.1799.6199.0999.7099.4699.12
Li47.4118.0468.9013.3615.9026.4811.696.47
Be0.330.720.670.140.110.060.110.10
Sc21.2266.5325.63107.0756.8535.1241.9049.01
Ni39.28173.7534.18257.25426.241854.48741.70982.91
Cu161.1140.0061.45184.65332.521873.10815.451514.43
Rb63.4924.4749.713.685.923.934.964.56
Sr277.44129.07277.1144.6250.9881.1150.8143.46
Y7.1520.519.289.638.824.956.896.88
Zr26.7446.7360.7821.3921.7312.0721.5220.72
Nb1.673.293.550.840.840.500.930.83
Cd0.110.120.100.120.110.340.160.17
In0.020.060.040.040.040.030.030.03
Cs10.805.827.940.302.201.462.101.93
Ba275.49239.37268.0229.3838.3931.9539.4035.83
La4.8811.268.992.382.281.562.462.25
Ce9.7624.9117.485.525.323.395.354.93
Pr1.183.172.000.780.750.460.700.68
Nd4.9013.607.513.813.642.153.233.22
Sm1.143.131.681.191.200.690.940.97
Eu0.920.860.840.460.500.330.390.38
Gd1.393.671.891.591.510.841.251.16
Tb0.220.590.300.300.270.150.210.22
Dy1.363.741.851.911.821.071.391.40
Ho0.280.770.380.400.370.200.270.30
Er0.912.301.181.201.040.560.840.82
Tm0.120.320.170.150.150.090.100.12
Yb0.862.241.141.060.960.550.730.73
Lu0.140.320.180.160.140.080.110.11
Hf0.861.641.900.740.740.430.670.64
Ta0.130.250.280.090.080.060.080.07
Pb5.733.558.101.951.594.411.591.82
Bi0.200.070.100.030.080.980.140.11
Th1.052.222.640.570.370.310.490.49
U0.210.460.590.130.090.070.110.14
ΣREE28.0770.9045.6020.9319.9312.1317.9817.28
LREE22.7856.9438.5014.1513.698.5813.0712.43
HREE5.2913.967.106.786.243.554.904.85
LREE/HREE4.314.085.432.092.192.422.672.56
(La/Yb)N4.093.615.661.611.712.022.432.20
Th/Yb1.230.992.320.540.390.560.670.67
Nb/Yb1.951.473.110.790.880.901.281.13
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300443988955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体主量元素(%)和微量元素数据(10−6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型辉长岩辉长岩辉长岩橄榄二辉岩橄榄二辉岩橄榄二辉岩二辉橄榄岩二辉橄榄岩
样品编号XSB1-4XSB1-5XSB1-6XSB2-1XSB2-2XSB2-3XSB3-1XSB3-2
SiO247.3854.6350.3248.3747.9043.9844.9746.59
TiO20.410.470.450.410.390.250.330.36
Al2O318.217.8716.995.645.088.244.633.86
TFe2O310.918.828.659.4010.0512.0512.0110.63
MnO0.150.180.140.140.150.140.160.13
MgO8.3912.738.4516.2918.0518.3521.5521.42
CaO7.3210.866.5215.4813.3910.9610.2011.66
Na2O1.730.852.750.540.540.380.510.56
K2O1.740.741.510.160.170.150.150.14
P2O50.050.100.070.040.030.030.040.03
LOI2.832.113.323.143.344.595.154.08
TOTAL99.1299.3699.1799.6199.0999.7099.4699.12
Li47.4118.0468.9013.3615.9026.4811.696.47
Be0.330.720.670.140.110.060.110.10
Sc21.2266.5325.63107.0756.8535.1241.9049.01
Ni39.28173.7534.18257.25426.241854.48741.70982.91
Cu161.1140.0061.45184.65332.521873.10815.451514.43
Rb63.4924.4749.713.685.923.934.964.56
Sr277.44129.07277.1144.6250.9881.1150.8143.46
Y7.1520.519.289.638.824.956.896.88
Zr26.7446.7360.7821.3921.7312.0721.5220.72
Nb1.673.293.550.840.840.500.930.83
Cd0.110.120.100.120.110.340.160.17
In0.020.060.040.040.040.030.030.03
Cs10.805.827.940.302.201.462.101.93
Ba275.49239.37268.0229.3838.3931.9539.4035.83
La4.8811.268.992.382.281.562.462.25
Ce9.7624.9117.485.525.323.395.354.93
Pr1.183.172.000.780.750.460.700.68
Nd4.9013.607.513.813.642.153.233.22
Sm1.143.131.681.191.200.690.940.97
Eu0.920.860.840.460.500.330.390.38
Gd1.393.671.891.591.510.841.251.16
Tb0.220.590.300.300.270.150.210.22
Dy1.363.741.851.911.821.071.391.40
Ho0.280.770.380.400.370.200.270.30
Er0.912.301.181.201.040.560.840.82
Tm0.120.320.170.150.150.090.100.12
Yb0.862.241.141.060.960.550.730.73
Lu0.140.320.180.160.140.080.110.11
Hf0.861.641.900.740.740.430.670.64
Ta0.130.250.280.090.080.060.080.07
Pb5.733.558.101.951.594.411.591.82
Bi0.200.070.100.030.080.980.140.11
Th1.052.222.640.570.370.310.490.49
U0.210.460.590.130.090.070.110.14
ΣREE28.0770.9045.6020.9319.9312.1317.9817.28
LREE22.7856.9438.5014.1513.698.5813.0712.43
HREE5.2913.967.106.786.243.554.904.85
LREE/HREE4.314.085.432.092.192.422.672.56
(La/Yb)N4.093.615.661.611.712.022.432.20
Th/Yb1.230.992.320.540.390.560.670.67
Nb/Yb1.951.473.110.790.880.901.281.13
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300548846556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Characteristics of Cu-Ni Ore Bodies on the periphery of the Yangtze Craton and in convergent settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿床名称品位构造背景赋矿岩相矿石类型矿物组合围岩特征成矿时代地化特征参考文献
喜神坝铜镍矿床Ni品位0.79(%)
Cu品位1.42(%)
扬子北缘板块汇聚背景二辉橄榄岩、 橄榄二辉岩浸染状矿石、块状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿太古界—古元古界后河组长石石英片岩、二厂石英片岩、黑云斜长
片岩
(854±3) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,εHf(t)值−6.82~4.84,地壳混染程度10%~30%;橄榄石Fo值76~81 mol%本文
冷水菁铜镍矿床镍品位0.92(%)
铜品位0.31(%)
扬子西缘板块汇聚背景二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩浸染状矿石、块状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿中元古代延边群变质火山岩、片岩(821±2) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,母岩浆来自俯冲流体交代的亏损地幔,地壳混染程度5%~27%(Zhu et al., 2007; 苟体忠等, 2010; 姚俊华, 2019)
四堡铜镍矿床镍品位0.54(%)
铜品位0.32(%)
钴品位0.026(%)
扬子南缘板块汇聚背景辉石岩浸染状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿新元古代四堡群砂岩、粉砂岩、
泥岩
(838±4) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,母岩浆来自富集的、俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,地壳混染程度10%~20%(Zhou et al., 2025)
喀拉通克铜镍矿床镍品位0.88(%)
铜品位1.39(%)
中亚造山带南缘橄榄苏长岩、 苏长岩浸染状矿石、致密块状
矿石
磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿石炭纪板岩、互层凝灰岩(287±5) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,εHf(t)值9.00~16.00,地壳混染程度~15%;橄榄石Fo值73~81mol%(高萍, 2011; Duan et al., 2017)
夏日哈木铜镍矿床镍品位0.65(%)
铜品位0.14(%)
钴品位0.013(%)
东昆仑造山带橄榄岩、辉石岩稠密浸染状矿石、块状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿前寒武系变质岩、 黑云母片岩、富石英片岩、石英岩、大理岩和片
麻岩
(423±1) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,εHf(t)值1.00~5.00,地壳混染程度~15%;橄榄石Fo值84~90mol%(王冠等, 2014; Li et al., 2015)
), ArticleFig(id=1307088300624344029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307088287701693298, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

汇聚背景下铜镍矿矿床特征对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿床名称品位构造背景赋矿岩相矿石类型矿物组合围岩特征成矿时代地化特征参考文献
喜神坝铜镍矿床Ni品位0.79(%)
Cu品位1.42(%)
扬子北缘板块汇聚背景二辉橄榄岩、 橄榄二辉岩浸染状矿石、块状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿太古界—古元古界后河组长石石英片岩、二厂石英片岩、黑云斜长
片岩
(854±3) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,εHf(t)值−6.82~4.84,地壳混染程度10%~30%;橄榄石Fo值76~81 mol%本文
冷水菁铜镍矿床镍品位0.92(%)
铜品位0.31(%)
扬子西缘板块汇聚背景二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩浸染状矿石、块状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿中元古代延边群变质火山岩、片岩(821±2) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,母岩浆来自俯冲流体交代的亏损地幔,地壳混染程度5%~27%(Zhu et al., 2007; 苟体忠等, 2010; 姚俊华, 2019)
四堡铜镍矿床镍品位0.54(%)
铜品位0.32(%)
钴品位0.026(%)
扬子南缘板块汇聚背景辉石岩浸染状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿新元古代四堡群砂岩、粉砂岩、
泥岩
(838±4) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,母岩浆来自富集的、俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,地壳混染程度10%~20%(Zhou et al., 2025)
喀拉通克铜镍矿床镍品位0.88(%)
铜品位1.39(%)
中亚造山带南缘橄榄苏长岩、 苏长岩浸染状矿石、致密块状
矿石
磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿石炭纪板岩、互层凝灰岩(287±5) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,εHf(t)值9.00~16.00,地壳混染程度~15%;橄榄石Fo值73~81mol%(高萍, 2011; Duan et al., 2017)
夏日哈木铜镍矿床镍品位0.65(%)
铜品位0.14(%)
钴品位0.013(%)
东昆仑造山带橄榄岩、辉石岩稠密浸染状矿石、块状矿石磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿前寒武系变质岩、 黑云母片岩、富石英片岩、石英岩、大理岩和片
麻岩
(423±1) Ma岛弧玄武岩地球化学特征,εHf(t)值1.00~5.00,地壳混染程度~15%;橄榄石Fo值84~90mol%(王冠等, 2014; Li et al., 2015)
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扬子北缘喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩体成因与铜镍成矿潜力研究
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房明举 1 , 段俊 1, * , 徐刚 1 , 孙佳 2 , 王宁 3 , 吴建涛 1 , 陆盈颖 1 , 贾天河 1
西北地质 | 中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026,59(3): 209-227
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西北地质 |中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026 , 59 (3) : 209 -227
扬子北缘喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩体成因与铜镍成矿潜力研究
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房明举1 , 段俊1, * , 徐刚1, 孙佳2, 王宁3, 吴建涛1, 陆盈颖1, 贾天河1
作者信息
  • 1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2天津华北地质勘查局,天津 300171
  • 3陕西省地质调查院,陕西省矿产地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710068
通讯作者:
段俊(1986−),男,副教授,主要从事矿床学的研究与教学。E–mail:。
作者简介:

房明举(2001−),男,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E–mail:

Genesis and Cu-Ni Mineralization Potential of the Xishenba Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block
Mingju FANG1 , Jun DUAN1, * , Gang XU1, Jia SUN2, Ning WANG3, Jiantao WU1, Yingying LU1, Tianhe JIA1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Tianjin North China Geological Exploration Bureau, Tianjin 300171, China
  • 3Shaanxi Mineral Resources and Geological Survey, Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
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喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体位于扬子克拉通北缘,是陕西汉南地区近年新发现的岩浆铜镍矿化岩体,具有良好的成矿潜力。该岩体由二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、辉长岩组成,矿体主要赋存于二辉橄榄岩体中,硫化物主要为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿。喜神坝岩体中锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(854±3) Ma,表明其形成于新元古代中期。辉长岩具轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾型稀土元素分配模式,橄榄二辉岩和二辉橄榄岩呈轻稀土元素略微富集的平坦型分配模式,所有样品均具有富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K),亏损高场强元素(Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf)的特征,类似于扬子北缘其他新元古代镁铁–超镁铁质岩体和全球岛弧玄武岩的特征,表明其形成于板块汇聚背景。赋矿的二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石晶体的Fo值为76.0~80.9 mol%,Ni含量为<200×10−6~1445×10−6,两者相关性表明喜神坝母岩浆曾发生了硫化物熔离。二辉橄榄岩中锆石εHf(t)值为−6.82~4.84,指示其来自亏损地幔源区;Hf同位素以及Th/Yb和Nb/Yb的模拟计算表明,岩浆上升过程中遭受了10%~30%的地壳物质混染,地壳组分混染可能是硫化物熔离的主要因素。与夏日哈木、喀拉通克、四堡等汇聚背景下岩浆矿床成矿特征对比表明,喜神坝铜镍矿床具有较好的铜镍成矿潜力,扬子北缘同类型镁铁–超镁铁质岩体应是下一步的铜镍勘查对象。

铜镍成矿潜力  /  高程度地壳混染  /  硫化物熔离  /  锆石年代学与Hf同位素  /  汉南杂岩

Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton. It is a newly discovered magmatic Cu-Ni mineralized intrusion in Hannan, Shaanxi Province, with significant mineralization potential. The intrusion consists of lherzolite, olivine lherzolite, and gabbro. The ore bodies are predominantly hosted within the lherzolite unit, with sulfides mainly comprising pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite. Zircon U-Pb concordant age of the Xishenba intrusion is (854±3)Ma, indicating that it was formed in the middle Neoproterozoic. Geochemically, gabbro exhibit right-inclined REE patterns characterized by light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment and heavy rare earth element (HREE) depletion. In contrast, olivine lherzolite and lherzolite display relatively flat REE patterns with slight LREE enrichment. All samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, K) and depleted in high field strength elements (Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf).These geochemical characteristics are similar to those of other Neoproterozoic mafic–ultramafic intrusions along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block and global island arc basalts, suggesting a plate convergence setting. Olivine crystals from the ore-bearing lherzolite have Fo value of 76.0~80.9 mol%, Ni content of <200×10−6 to 1445×10−6. The correlation between these parameters suggests that sulfide segregation occurred in the parental magma of the Xishenba intrusion. Zircon from the lherzolite yield εHf(t) value of −6.82~4.84, indicative of a depleted mantle source. Modeling based on Hf isotopes and Th/Yb–Nb/Yb systematics suggests that the magma experienced 10%~30% crustal contamination during ascent, which was likely the key factor triggering sulfide segregation. Comparative analysis with magmatic deposits formed in convergent settings, such as those at Xiarihamu, Kalatongke, and Sibao, reveals that the Xishenba Cu–Ni deposit possesses significant mineralization potential. Consequently, similar types of mafic-ultramafic intrusions along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block should be prioritized as targets for future Cu–Ni exploration.

Cu-Ni mineralization potential  /  high degree of crustal contamination  /  sulfide melting  /  zircon geochronology and Hf isotopes  /  Hannan complex
房明举, 段俊, 徐刚, 孙佳, 王宁, 吴建涛, 陆盈颖, 贾天河. 扬子北缘喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩体成因与铜镍成矿潜力研究. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 209 -227 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
Mingju FANG, Jun DUAN, Gang XU, Jia SUN, Ning WANG, Jiantao WU, Yingying LU, Tianhe JIA. Genesis and Cu-Ni Mineralization Potential of the Xishenba Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 209 -227 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床是全球镍金属的主要来源(Naldrett, 2010; Li et al., 2019),也是中国镍金属的主要来源。世界上大部分的大型岩浆铜镍矿床位于克拉通的边缘(Maier et al., 2011),全球最大的Noril’sk铜镍矿床位于西伯利亚克拉通边缘(Barnes et al., 2020)、非洲最大的Kabanga铜镍矿床位于坦桑尼亚克拉通西缘(Maier et al., 2010)、中国最大的金川铜镍矿床位于华北克拉通西南缘(汤中立等, 2011;段俊等,2025;王亚磊等,2025)。此外,随着中国中亚造山带南缘东天山–北山铜镍成矿带(宋谢炎等, 2023; 陈阳阳等, 2024; 张愿宁等, 2025)以及东昆仑造山带夏日哈木超大型镍钴矿床(李文渊等, 2023; 赵达成等,2023;Mao et al., 2024;艾启兴等,2025)的发现(图1),表明造山带中也具有非常好的铜镍成矿潜力。
扬子克拉通周缘分布着大量的新元古代铜镍矿化镁铁–超镁铁质岩体,如扬子西缘冷水箐中型Cu-Ni矿床(Zhu et al., 2007)、扬子东南缘桂北铜镍矿集区(16处中小型矿床, Zhou et al., 2017)以及扬子北缘周庵大型铜镍硫化物矿床(王建明等, 2006)。已有研究表明扬子克拉通东南缘铜镍矿床形成于汇聚背景(Zhou et al., 2025),而扬子北缘铜镍矿床成矿机制与成矿潜力仍需进一步论证。
喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体是扬子北缘近年新发现的铜镍矿化岩体,矿石品位为铜1.42%、镍0.79%。笔者对喜神坝铜镍矿化的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体开展了系统的岩相学、锆石年代学和Hf同位素、矿物–岩石地球化学分析,并将其与扬子克拉通周缘同时期铜镍矿化的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体以及其他相似构造背景下的铜镍矿床成矿特征进行了对比。研究表明喜神坝岩体形成于汇聚背景之下,较高程度的地壳混染促使其发生硫化物熔离并形成铜镍矿体,喜神坝及扬子克拉通北缘新元古代镁铁–超镁铁质岩体具有较好的铜镍成矿潜力。
扬子克拉通位于华夏板块北缘,华北克拉通南缘,青藏高原西缘(Zhao et al., 2011;图1)。汉南地区是扬子克拉通西北缘与秦岭造山带过渡的重要地区,地层序列为太古宙—古元古代结晶基底,中元古代火地垭群、新元古代青白口纪岩群,覆盖为新元古代南华纪—震旦纪沉积序列。太古代后河岩群主要由TTG质混合片麻岩及少量表壳岩系组成(高山等, 1990),变质程度达高角闪岩相,主要岩石组合为条痕状、眼球状黑云(角闪)斜长混合岩夹斜长角闪岩、绿泥片岩、黑云斜长变粒岩。中元古代火地垭群由下而上可分为麻窝子组及上两组。麻窝子组主要岩石组合为一套中厚–厚层块状白云质大理岩夹石英岩、长英质变粒岩、绢云石英千枚岩、黑云石英片岩。上两组主要岩石组合为堇青石片岩、黑云石英片岩夹变砂岩,底部为变含砾砂岩,总体显示细粒碎屑岩特征。新元古代青白口纪出露铁船山组和西乡群。铁船山组是一套浅变质的酸性–基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩夹火山活动间隙期正常沉积泥砂质岩石组合,西乡群为中基性–酸性火山岩和火山碎屑岩,主要岩石类型有玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及相应火山碎屑岩(以凝灰岩为主),夹有细碧岩和蚀变角斑岩,局部存在熔结火山岩。新元古代南华纪和震旦纪沉积序列自下到上为,南华纪:莲沱组、南沱组,震旦纪:陡山沱组、灯影组。莲沱组为一套成熟度较差的粗粒碎屑岩沉积,南沱组为一套灰绿色、紫红色泥砾岩(杂砾岩),上部夹薄层砂岩透镜体,与上覆陡山沱组白云岩及下伏莲沱组均呈平行不整合接触。陡山沱组为一套碎屑岩、碳酸盐沉积,上覆灯影组呈平行不整合,底部见少量泥质岩石,与下伏南沱组呈整合–平行不整合接触,灯影组为一套典型的镁质碳酸盐岩,局部夹细粒碎屑岩,与下伏下震旦统陡山沱组为整合接触(陕西省地质调查院, 2013)。
汉南地区新元古代的花岗质岩石以石英闪长岩–二长花岗岩带、钾长花岗岩–花岗斑岩带为主,多数花岗质岩石为I型或A型花岗岩。这些花岗岩体包括五堵门I型花岗闪长岩岩体(789±10 Ma, Ling et al., 2006)、二里坝I型花岗闪长岩岩体(778~730 Ma, Zhao et al., 2008)、祖师殿I型过铝质奥长花岗岩岩体(728 Ma, 敖文昊等, 2014)、天平河I型花岗岩岩体(762±4 Ma, Zhao et al., 2009a)、陶家坝I型花岗闪长岩(770±3 Ma, Luo et al., 2018)、红庙钾质A型花岗岩体(802~791 Ma, Ao et al., 2019)、喜神坝钙碱性I型黑云母花岗岩(887±7 Ma;Ao et al., 2019)、铁船山和黄官A型花岗岩(780~770 Ma;Luo et al., 2018)等。汉南地区的新元古代镁铁–超镁铁侵入体包括含铁–钛氧化物矿化的毕机沟层状侵入体(785±5 Ma;Zhao et al., 2009b)、望江山层状侵入体(822±4 Ma;Wang et al., 2016)、碑坝侵入体(869±5 Ma;Zhao et al., 2009b)、大汉山辉长岩侵入体(793±4 Ma;Ao et al., 2019)等,这些岩体被统称为“汉南杂岩”(图2a)。
喜神坝矿区位于汉中南部(图2b),属于华南板块上扬子克拉通北部被动陆缘,汉南米仓山隆起构造单元。区域上变形先后经历了新太古—古元古代结晶基底、中元古—青白口系过渡基底的形成阶段,震旦系—志留系盖层、泥盆世—晚三叠世盖层的形成阶段以及晚三叠世—白垩系主造山期变形阶段,变形构造最终定型于印支期—燕山期。区内岩浆岩发育,岩浆活动主要发生在晋宁期,岩石类型以基性和中酸性岩侵入岩为主。区域内晋宁期脉岩见于后河岩组、麻窝子组、铁船山组中和中酸性侵入岩中,脉岩主要有辉绿岩脉、闪长岩脉、煌斑岩脉、花岗岩脉和石英岩脉等。矿区内变质岩主要是后河岩组的中深区域变质岩,属于角闪岩相,主要岩石包括片岩、片麻岩、变粒岩(邓奇等, 2024)。
喜神坝铜镍矿化镁铁–超镁铁质杂岩体呈不规则状侵位于太古界—元古界后河组长石石英片岩、二云石英片岩、黑云斜长片麻岩中,岩体主要由二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、辉长岩组成,出露面积约为0.08 km2。其中,二辉橄榄岩具有中–粗粒半自形粒状结构、堆晶结构、包橄结构(图3a、图3b)。由橄榄石(40%~45%)、单斜辉石(30%~35%)、斜方辉石(10%~15%)、金属硫化物(约10%~20%)组成。橄榄石粒径为4~5 mm,大部分发生蛇纹石化蚀变,残余少数橄榄石晶体。单斜辉石粒径为2~4 mm,粒度小者充填于橄榄石晶体间隙,粒度较大者包裹橄榄石。斜方辉石粒径为2~4 mm;金属硫化物包括磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿与黄铜矿共生。原生硅酸盐矿物结晶顺序为:橄榄石(Ol)→斜方辉石(Opx)→单斜辉石(Cpx)。
橄榄二辉岩具有中细粒、半自形板柱状–他形粒状结构,包橄结构(图3c)。由单斜辉石(约50%~60%)、斜方辉石(约10%~15%)、橄榄石(约10%~20%)、金属硫化物(约3%~10%)组成,部分岩石中还含有极少量斜长石、角闪石和黑云母。单斜辉石粒径主要为0.5~3 mm,个别可达5 mm,部分较大晶体内部包裹橄榄石。斜方辉石粒径为1~2 mm,个别可达3 mm。橄榄石粒径为0.2~1 mm,部分晶体沿裂纹出现蛇纹石化蚀变。角闪石呈自形柱状,粒径为1~3 mm,部分发生绿泥石化。斜长石粒径为0.2~1 mm,表面发生钠黝帘石化。黑云母呈棕褐色,多色性明显,形态为不规则条状,粒径为0.2~0.4 mm,可能为辉石次生蚀变的产物。金属硫化物为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿与黄铜矿。原生硅酸盐矿物结晶顺序为:橄榄石(Ol)→斜方辉石(Opx)→单斜辉石(Cpx)。
辉长岩具有辉长–辉绿结构,块状构造(图3d)。岩石主要由单斜辉石(约40%~50%)、斜长石(约20%~30%)、斜方辉石(约15%~20%)以及少量黑云母(约2%~7%)和金属硫化物(约2%~5%)组成。单斜辉石粒径为0.1~1 mm,部分晶体发生透闪石化。斜方辉石具自形结构,粒径为0.5~1 mm;斜长石粒径为0.4~1 mm,可见聚片双晶,偶见卡钠复合双晶,部分发生钠黝帘石化。黑云母为深褐色,多色性显著,粒径多见0.5~1.5 mm。金属硫化物主要为镍黄铁矿与黄铜矿共生。硅酸盐矿物结晶顺序为:斜方辉石(Opx)→单斜辉石(Cpx)→斜长石(Pl)→黑云母(Bt)。
喜神坝铜镍矿体赋存于橄榄二辉岩与二辉橄榄岩体中,矿体位于0线和7线之间(图4a),形状为透镜状、囊状、梳状。矿体沿走向长为~300 m,平均厚度为~18 m。其中硫化物矿物主要为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿(图3f),属于典型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床。浸染状矿石中磁黄铁矿呈他形粒状结构,颗粒大小为0.2~2 mm,个别可达4 mm。常见镍黄铁矿沿磁黄铁矿的裂隙、节理、晶粒间隙生长或析出于磁黄铁矿外缘形成结状结构,蚀变产物有黄铁矿、赤铁矿和磁铁矿等。黄铜矿呈他形粒状集合体,颗粒大小一般为0.1~0.4 mm。黄铜矿主要以他形粒状集合体产于磁黄铁矿和镍黄铁矿之间。镍黄铁矿呈粒度不一的他形晶集合体,颗粒大小一般为0.2~1 mm。常见镍黄铁矿被磁黄铁矿包裹。结晶先后顺序:磁黄铁矿(Po)→镍黄铁矿(Pn)→黄铜矿(Ccp)。
喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩石中锆石分选和阴极发光照相在廊坊宇能矿岩技术服务公司完成,锆石U-Pb测年在长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室应用LA-ICP-MS完成。分析仪器为Agilent 7700X型四极杆等离子体质谱及配套的Analyte Excite 193 nm气态准分子激光剥蚀。激光束斑直径为35 μm,频率5 Hz,能量密度5.9 J/cm2。采用高纯度的氩气和氦气作为载气,204Pb和202Hg的背景多小于100 cps。每个分析数据包括30 s的空白信号和40 s的数据分析时间。在样品测试之前,首先用美国国家标准物质局人工合成硅酸盐玻璃NIST610标样监测仪器,使得仪器测试分析在精度范围内。每测试8~10个样品点,用NIST610与2个91500+Plešovice监测仪器。采用29Si作为内部元素进行校正,NIST610作为外标。离线数据处理采用ICP MS Data Cal 8.0(Liu et al., 2010),锆石年龄谐和图用Isoplot 4.15程序获得,详细的分析过程和数据处理方法参见栾燕等(2019)、李艳广等(2023,2025)。
锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试在西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室采用Neptune多接收离子质谱和Newwave UP 213激光剥蚀系统LA-MC-ICP-MS完成,分析点与U-Pb测年点的位置一致,激光剥蚀束斑直径为40 μm,剥蚀时间为26 s,重复频率为10 Hz。对176Yb/176Hf的等压干扰的校正方法见,分析条件和方法见(Wu et al., 2006)。标准锆石91500和TEMORA的176Hf/177Hf测定结果为0.282296±0.000013 (2σ)和0.282680±0.000013 (2σ),在误差范围内与文献报道值一致(Woodhead et al., 2004)。176Lu的衰变常数为1.867×10−11/a,球粒陨石176Lu/177Hf和176Hf/177Hf分别用0.033200和0.282772来计算锆石εHf(t)值(Bouvier et al., 2008)。计算亏损地幔趋势线时亏损地幔现代值176Lu/177Hf为0.0384,176Hf/177Hf为0.28325(Griffin et al., 2002)。
喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩石中硅酸盐矿物主量元素、全岩主量元素和微量元素的分析工作都在长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室完成。硅酸盐矿物主量元素测试时,挑选自形程度高且蚀变程度弱的橄榄石、辉石矿物颗粒进行分析,使用仪器为JEOLJXA-8100电子探针显微镜,测试电压为20 kV,电流为20×10−8 A,探针束斑直径为1μm,分析误差为2%。
主量元素测试方法为X射线荧光光谱法(XRF-1500):将样品在低温下(105 ℃)烘干,先分析其烧失量。随后称取200目岩石粉末样品0.6 g,加入6 g无水高纯四硼酸锂(Li2B4O7),在玛瑙研钵中混合均匀,转移到白金坩锅中,在TR-1000S熔炉(SHIMSDZU)中加热至1100 ℃熔样10 min,迅速取出混合均匀,制成玻璃片并编号。采用外标法测定主量元素含量,分析采用国家一级岩石标样GBW07101-07114为基体效应校正,每10个样品带一个标样,利用标准曲线法校正,分析误差小于3%。
微量和稀土元素分析采用Finnigan Element型ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子体质谱仪)完成。首先称取200目样品40 mg,放入洗净并烘干的Teflon溶样罐中,加入0.5 ml HNO3和1 ml HF,超声振荡10~15min,加盖并套上热缩管,放入不锈钢套中拧紧,放入烤箱内,逐渐升温到200 ℃,保温5天后将样品从钢套中取出,在电热板上蒸至近干。加入2.0 ml(1∶1)HNO3,再次套上热缩管和钢套,盖紧罐盖,置于150 ℃烤箱内保温5 h,以确保样品全溶,再将样品溶液转移到50 ml容量瓶中,用1%HNO3稀释至刻度,摇至均匀,待测。间隔10个待测样品选取一个样作为平行样,一批样品中带做1~2个空白样。用GRS1、GRS2、GRS3为标样来进行质量监控,采用标准曲线法(外标法)来校正,相对标准偏差一般小于10%。样品中含量大于10×10−6的元素分析误差小于5%,含量小于10×10−6的样品分析的误差小于10%。
喜神坝赋矿岩石二辉橄榄岩的采样位置为N 32°48′49.88″,E 106°52′40.24″。锆石晶体的阴极发光(图5a)显示少量锆石具清晰的振荡环带结构,无明显的继承锆石内核,部分见微裂缝。这些晶体中的Th和U含量分别为88×10−6~735×10−6和176×10−6~853×10−6,Th/U值大部分大于0.5(表1),表现出岩浆锆石的特性(Hoskin et al., 2003;向浩予等,2025;胡运行等,2025)。喜神坝侵入体的加权平均锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(854.1±3.4) Ma,MSWD=1.7(图5b),与邻近的毕机沟(785±5 )Ma、望江山(822±4) Ma、碑坝岩体(869±5 )Ma等(Wang et al., 2016)和扬子南缘的清明山岩体(848±4 )Ma(Zhou et al., 2017)相近。
喜神坝二辉橄榄岩中锆石的176Hf/177Hf值为0.282085~0.282393,176Yb/177Hf为0.036546~0.152397,176Lu/177Hf为0.001078~0.003803,根据锆石结晶年龄计算的锆石176Hf/177Hf初始值为0.282046~0.282375,由于锆石结晶之后没有放射成因176Hf的积累(何佳乐等,2025;李昊等,2025),锆石176Hf/177Hf初始值即代表喜神坝母岩浆的Hf同位素初始值,对应的εHf(t)值为−6.82~+4.84,平均值为−2.52(表2)。锆石Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄TDM2为1432~2 165 Ma,多数集中于~1 950 Ma。喜神坝岩体的εHf(t)值明显不同于汉南杂岩中同时代的毕机沟岩体、望江山岩体及碑坝岩体,其εHf(t)值分别为2.30~7.80、2.70~8.50、1.00~+3.00(Wang et al.,2016)。
喜神坝岩体二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石以贵橄榄石为主,单斜辉石属于透辉石–普通辉石系列,斜方辉石则以古铜辉石为主,分析数据见表3。喜神坝岩体中橄榄石的Fo值与Ni含量呈现明显的正相关关系(图6),其中橄榄石Fo值为76.0~80.9mol%,类似于相邻的毕机沟岩体下部带堆晶岩的橄榄石的Fo值(74.4~82.4mol%;王洁等, 2024) 以及中亚造山带南缘喀拉通克赋矿的橄榄苏长岩和斜长方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值(73.2~81.4mol%;高萍, 2011)。喜神坝二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石中Ni含量为<200×10−6~1 445×10−6,低 于 相 邻 毕 机 沟 岩 体 中 橄 榄 石 的 Ni含量(1 006×10–~1 658×10−6;王洁等, 2024),类似于喀拉通克矿床中橄榄石Ni含量(526×10–6~1 727×10−6;高萍, 2011)。
为了精确分析全岩化学组分特征及其变化规律,笔者对神坝岩体全岩主量元素数据进行了100%无水标准化计算(表4)。校正后的SiO2 (46.52%~56.17%)、MgO (8.71%~22.79%)、Al2O3 (4.05%~18.91%)、CaO (6.80%~16.05%)、TFe2O3 (9.02%~12.75%)。橄榄二辉岩和二辉橄榄岩样品大致分布在橄榄石(Ol)—斜方辉石(Opx)—单斜辉石(Cpx)三端元组分的区域(图7),与橄榄石和辉石的堆晶结构一致。因此,喜神坝全岩主量元素组分代表了具堆晶结构硅酸盐矿物组分,不能直接代表母岩浆组分(Rollinson, 2014)。
喜神坝岩体全岩稀土微量元素数据见表4。微量元素蛛网图(图8a)中辉长岩、橄榄二辉岩、二辉橄榄岩均具明显的Nb-Ta和Zr-Hf负异常,显示出富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和亏损高场强元素(HFSE)的特征。辉长岩样品的稀土元素总量为28.07×10−6~70.90×10−6,(La/Yb)N值介于2.54~5.66,LREE/HREE的值介于3.23~5.43,显示出明显的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对亏损的“右倾式”配分模式(图8b)。橄榄二辉岩和二辉橄榄岩样品稀土元素含量为12.21×10−6~21.92×10−6,(La/Yb)N值分别为1.61~2.43,LREE/HREE值介于2.04~2.67,均低于辉长岩样品,显示出相对微弱的轻稀土元素富集和重稀土元素亏损,但轻重稀土没有产生明显分异,显示略平坦的“右倾型”配分模式。辉长岩样品轻微的Eu元素正异常,是由于斜长石中相对富集Eu元素导致的,且辉长岩的稀土、微量元素特征与二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩略有不同,主要由于橄榄石、辉石矿物等堆晶导致的。总体来说,喜神坝岩体中辉长岩与橄榄二辉岩、二辉橄榄岩样品具有相似的稀土、微量元素配分模式,表明其源自于相同的地幔源区,为同源岩浆演化的产物。
喜神坝岩体的稀土、微量元素配分模式类似于全球岛弧玄武岩及相邻的汉南杂岩中同时代的毕机沟、望江山、碑坝镁铁–超镁铁岩体(图8;Zhao et al., 2009b)。此外,喜神坝岩体稀土、微量元素蛛网图特征与扬子克拉通周缘同时代的冷水箐、四堡、清明山等铜镍矿床以及中亚造山带南缘喀拉通克矿床和东昆仑造山带夏日哈木矿床中含矿岩体的微量元素配分形式具有相似特征(Zhu at al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2025)。
喜神坝镁铁-超镁铁质岩石中普遍发育橄榄石的蛇纹石化及辉石的透闪石化,暗示喜神坝岩体经历了后期的热液蚀变作用。本研究选择抗蚀变干扰的高场强元素及稀土元素进行地球化学模拟与示踪,这些元素因具有高离子电位与低流体迁移率,在热液改造过程中活动性较弱 (Sokół K et al., 2022)。喜神坝岩体中所有样品稀土元素都具有轻稀土元素富集的右倾型分布特征,微量元素蛛网图显示大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素(Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf)亏损的特征,且喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩石具有与全球岛弧玄武岩相似的稀土、微量元素特征(Pearce et al., 1982, 图8a、 图8b)。在活动大陆边缘,俯冲大洋地壳在高温、高压条件下发生脱水作用,释放的富水流体上升渗透至地幔楔中,降低其固相线温度并诱发地幔楔部分熔融,进而形成岛弧玄武质岩浆( Hawkesworth et al., 1993)。富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)、亏损高场强元素(Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf)的俯冲流体加入地幔楔使得岛弧玄武岩也展现相同的地球化学特征(Pearce et al., 1995)。因此喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体具有典型的岛弧玄武质岩浆的特征。
喜神坝岩体中锆石εHf(t)值为–6.82~4.84表明岩浆源区为亏损地幔,且岩浆遭受了一定程度的地壳混染。在εHf(t)-t(Ma)相关图中,亏损地幔εHf(854 Ma)值为13.50,Hf含量为0.80×10−6(Sun et al., 1989),扬子北缘地壳εHf(t)值为–18.50,Hf含量为3.00×10-6(Qiu et al., 2018)。壳–幔双端元Hf同位素混合模拟计算结果显示喜神坝母岩浆地壳混染程度介于10%~30%(图9a),在Th/Yb和Nb/Yb相关图中,喜神坝岩体位于大陆岛弧玄武岩区域内,选用汉南杂岩中未发生地壳混染作用的毕机沟镁铁–超镁铁质岩体样品为地幔端元组分(Nb=1.03×10-6, Th=0.10×10−6, Yb=1.12×10−6, Nb/Yb=0.92, Th/Yb=0.09)(Zhao et al., 2009b),汉南地区崆岭TTG片麻岩为地壳组分(Nb=5.00×10−6, Th=6.00×10−6, Yb=0.60×10−6, Nb/Yb=0.89, Th/Yb=10.00)(Qiu et al., 2018),壳–幔两端元模拟计算同样表明喜神坝岩浆演化过程中经历了10%~25%的地壳物质混染(图9b)。与其相比,汉南杂岩中毕机沟、望江山、碑坝等同时期的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体均没有经历明显的地壳污染(Zhao et al., 2009b)。
前人研究表明,罗迪尼亚超大陆形成于新元古代早期,在新元古代晚期裂解(Li et al., 2008; Cawood et al.,2016)。关于汉南地区新元古代晚期的构造背景,敖文昊等(2014)提出汉南杂岩中祖师店I型花岗质岩体(728±3) Ma是由新生玄武质洋壳俯冲消减过程中在含水条件下部分熔融形成的,代表洋内非成熟岛弧向成熟岛弧转化阶段的产物;Zhao et al.(2008)通过对五堵门和二里坝花岗闪长岩(~735 Ma)的地球化学数据分析,认为花岗质岩浆形成于大洋板块的俯冲过程;Ao et al.(2019)通过对汉南地区的大汉山辉长岩花岗岩(793~779 Ma)地球化学研究同样认为汉南杂岩形成于新元古代与俯冲相关的岛弧背景,因此扬子克拉通北缘汉南地区在新元古代晚期处于洋壳俯冲背景。此外,汉南杂岩中与喜神坝同时形成的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体,如毕机沟(785±5) Ma、望江山(822±4) Ma、碑坝(869±5 )Ma等也被认为形成于岛弧俯冲背景(Zhao et al., 2009b; Wang et al.,2016)。因此,喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体形成于汇聚背景,俯冲流体交代地幔楔形成的岛弧玄武质岩浆作用。
已有研究表明喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩体与汉南杂岩中其他同时代的镁铁–超镁铁岩体形成于相同的构造–岩浆动力学背景。笔者选择不含铜镍矿化的毕机沟超镁铁质堆晶岩中橄榄石Fo-Ni变化趋势线代表汉南地区新元古代晚期玄武质岩浆橄榄石分离结晶的趋势线。与其相比,喜神坝二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Ni含量较低(图6)。已有研究表明,Mg和Ni在橄榄石中为相容元素,Fe具有较弱的相容性,因此玄武质岩浆早期结晶的橄榄石具有高的Fo值(MgO/(MgO+FeO))。随着玄武质岩浆的演化,残余岩浆中将会相对富铁贫镁,同时岩浆中Ni含量也逐渐降低。因此,橄榄石中Fo值和Ni含量都逐渐降低,两者呈正相关关系。如果橄榄石结晶过程中发生硫化物熔离,由于Ni在硫化物熔体–岩浆之间的分配系数远大于橄榄石晶体–岩浆之间的分配系数,岩浆中大量的Ni将会进入硫化物熔体中,使的橄榄石晶体中Ni含量急剧降低,因此与硫化物熔体共结的橄榄石晶体的Fo值与Ni含量虽然也为正相关关系,但是橄榄石中Ni含量要远远低于正常分离结晶形成的橄榄石晶体(毛亚晶等, 2024)。因此,喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体中出现的浸染状铜镍硫化物矿石以及二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo-Ni相关性特征表明喜神坝母岩浆演化过程中曾发生了硫化物的熔离。
岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床形成的首要条件是岩浆演化过程中发生硫化物的熔离,即岩浆中的硫含量超过岩浆中硫的溶解度(Ripley et al., 2013)。Naldrett(2011)在总结全球岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成矿特征基础上,提出幔源岩浆发生硫化物熔离的主要机制包括:不同性质岩浆混合、岩浆结晶分异和岩浆演化过程中发生地壳物质的混染作用(Li et al., 2000; Ripley et al.,2013)。成矿过程可能受其中一个因素控制,也可能受几个因素控制。已有研究表明扬子克拉通北缘毕机沟、碑坝、望江山等不含矿的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体于喜神坝铜镍矿化岩体形成于相同的大地构造背景以及相同的岩浆源区,但这些岩体岩浆侵位过程基本没有经历大量的同化混染作用(Zhao et al., 2009b; Wang et al., 2016),而喜神坝岩体经历了10%~30%的地壳混染。此外,Zhu et al.(2007)通过对扬子克拉通西缘的冷水箐矿床(821±1)Ma的微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的研究,证实了形成该矿床的原始岩浆遭受了不同程度的地壳混染作用(5%~27%);Zhou et al.(2017)对扬子克拉通南缘清明山镁铁质侵入体(848±4 )Ma使用(Th/Nb)N和(Th/Yb)N等微量元素比值进行混染程度的模拟计算,得出母岩浆经历了10%~20%地壳污染,且支持清明山侵入体是岛弧玄武质岩浆作用的产物;Zhou et al.(2025)用同样的方法对扬子克拉通南缘四堡铜镍硫化物矿床(838±4)Ma进行计算得到10%~20%的同化混染程度;曾威等(2016)利用Nd同位素估算得到扬子北缘周庵铜镍铂族矿床(621±2) Ma受到~19%的地壳物质的混染作用。因此喜神坝岩体10%~30%的地壳混染程度可能是促使岩浆发生硫化物熔离的重要因素。
喜神坝铜镍矿床成矿特征与扬子克拉通周缘新元古代铜镍矿床具有显著可比性(表5)。前人研究表明,扬子克拉通西缘冷水箐铜镍矿体(821±2 )Ma中硫化物主要为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿,赋存在二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩岩体中,赋矿岩体富集轻稀土元素和亏损Nb、Ta等元素,表明该矿床岩浆源自亏损地幔,遭受了5%~27%的地壳混染作用,发生了硫化物熔离(Zhu et al., 2007;苟体忠等, 2010; 姚俊华, 2019)。扬子克拉通南缘四堡铜镍矿体(838±4)Ma中硫化物主要为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿,赋存在辉石岩中,原始岩浆来自富集地幔源,遭受了10%~20%的地壳混染作用,发生硫化物熔离(Zhou et al., 2025);喜神坝与冷水箐、四堡均位于扬子克拉通边缘,硫化物矿体均位于超镁铁质岩相中,具有相似的硫化物矿物组合,且赋矿岩浆均来自被俯冲流体交代的地幔源,都经历了较高程度的地壳混染,具有相似的成岩成矿过程,因此喜神坝岩体也具有良好的铜镍成矿潜力。
此外,喜神坝铜镍矿床与典型汇聚背景下铜镍矿床(如东昆仑夏日哈木矿床及中亚造山带南缘喀拉通克矿床)具有相似的地质地球化学特征(表5),表明其具良好的铜镍成矿潜力。在赋矿岩相方面,夏日哈木矿床主要赋矿岩相为辉石岩,喀拉通克矿床为橄榄苏长岩和苏长岩,喜神坝岩体的赋矿岩石为二辉橄榄岩和橄榄二辉岩。矿石类型上,喜神坝、夏日哈木和喀拉通克矿床都具有典型的岩浆型矿石特征,包括块状和海绵陨铁状矿石,硫化物组合均以磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿为主。地球化学特征上,这些矿床均显示富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素Nb-Ta等典型的岛弧玄武质岩浆特征,表明岩浆源区曾遭受俯冲流体的交代作用。此外,岩浆演化过程中均遭受较高程度的地壳混染作用,如夏日哈木和喀拉通克的εHf(t)值分别为1.00~5.00和9.00~16.00,指示其原始岩浆来自亏损地幔并遭受一定程度地壳混染,而喜神坝岩体的εHf(t)值(–6.82~+4.84)同样指示其源于亏损地幔,但更低的εHf(t)值反映有更多地壳物质的加入。前人研究已表明,在夏日哈木和喀拉通克矿床中,地壳混染是促使硫化物熔离的关键因素(Li et al., 2015; Duan et al., 2017),高程度地壳混染作用同样促使喜神坝岩体发生了硫化物的熔离作用。综上所述,喜神坝铜镍矿床与扬子周缘新元古代铜镍矿体以及汇聚背景下的典型铜镍矿床具有相似的成岩成矿特征,表明喜神坝铜镍矿床及扬子北缘同类型的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体也具有较好的铜镍成矿潜力。
(1)喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁质岩体形成时间为(854.1±3.4)Ma,地球化学特征表明其形成于洋壳俯冲背景下亏损地幔部分熔融产生的玄武质岩浆。
(2)喜神坝原始岩浆演化过程中同化混染了10%~30%地壳物质,导致岩浆发生硫化物熔离并形成铜镍矿体。
(3)汇聚背景下典型岩浆矿床对比表明喜神坝铜镍矿床及扬子北缘同类型镁铁–超镁铁质岩体都具有较好的铜镍成矿潜力。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
  • 接收时间:2025-04-12
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12
  • 修回日期:2025-10-17
  • 录用日期:2025-10-20
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    1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2天津华北地质勘查局,天津 300171
    3陕西省地质调查院,陕西省矿产地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710068

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段俊(1986−),男,副教授,主要从事矿床学的研究与教学。E–mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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