Article(id=1307087631829987815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1685376000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-30, revisedDate=1738598400000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-04, acceptedDate=1742486400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-21, onlineDate=1789563575941, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563575941, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563575941, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563575941, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307087507837964779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563546379, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616219263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=328, endPage=341, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307087631972594152, articleId=1307087631829987815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Genesis of Serpentinized Peridotite in Lüliangshan, North Qaidam: Evidence from Boron Isotopes of Serpentine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The genetic mechanism of serpentinized peridotite in Lüliangshan area of the North Qaidam UHPM belt is controversial. It was proposed as product of subducted slabs, refertilised lithospheric mantle or mantle wedge. In this paper, two types of peridotite (garnet lherzolite and dunite) were collected from Lüliangshan area, and the major and trace elements, and in-situ boron isotope of serpentine were analyzed. The two types of peridotite have experienced different types of serpentinization respectively. The dunite is dominated by the serpentinization of olivine, while the garnet lherzolite is dominated by the serpentinization of pyroxene. The serpentine produced by the serpentinization of olivine has higher content of MgO and As but lower content of Al2O3, Cr2O3, FeO, Li, Yb, Y, Ti, Sc and Zn; while the serpentine produced by the serpentinization of pyroxene is opposite. Serpentine in two types of peridotite showed significant differences in boron isotope. The boron content of serpentine in dunite is from 13.3×10–6 to 38.5×10–6, and its δ11B value is from −9.5‰ to +5.0‰, which is close to or slight higher than the δ11B value of the mantle. The boron content of serpentine in garnet lherzolite is from 10.5×10–6 to 49.9×10–6, and its δ11B value is from 6.3‰ to 23.0‰, indicating that they are significantly enriched in heavy boron isotope. The difference of boron isotope composition of serpentines indicates that the Lüliangshan peridotite was formed in two different tectonic settings. The garnet lherzolite is formed in lithospheric mantle and has been altered by seawater, thus with enrichment of heavy boron isotope. While the dunite is of mantle-wedge origin and had undergone serpentinization interacted with subduction fluids, thus with enrichment of light boron isotope.

, authors=Wenyu SU, Shuaiqi LIU, Guibin ZHANG*, authorsList=Wenyu SU, Shuaiqi LIU, Guibin ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guibin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307087633721618939, articleId=1307087631829987815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=柴北缘绿梁山蛇纹石化橄榄岩成因:来自蛇纹石B同位素的证据, columnId=1307047819974570720, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=非主题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

柴北缘绿梁山地区出露的蛇纹石化橄榄岩的成因机制存在争议——源自俯冲板片,再活化的岩石圈地幔或地幔楔。笔者在绿梁山地区采集了两种类型橄榄岩(石榴子石二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩),并对其中的蛇纹石进行了主微量元素和原位B同位素分析。绿梁山两种类型橄榄岩分别经历了不同类型的蛇纹石化作用,纯橄岩以橄榄石的蛇纹石化作用为主,而石榴子石二辉橄榄岩则是以辉石蛇纹石化占主导。橄榄石蛇纹石化产生的蛇纹石具有高的MgO、As和低的Al2O3、Cr2O3、FeO、Li、Yb、Y、Ti、Sc、Zn,而辉石蛇纹石化作用则相反。两种类型橄榄岩中的蛇纹石的其B同位素存在显著差异,纯橄岩中蛇纹石的B含量为 13.3×10–6~38.5×10–6,其δ11B值为 −9.5‰~+5.0‰,与地幔值接近或偏高;而石榴子石二辉橄榄岩蛇纹石的B含量为10.5×10–6~49.9×10–6,其δ11B值为 6.3‰~23.0‰,显著富集重B同位素。蛇纹石B同位素组成的差异指示了绿梁山橄榄岩形成于两种不同的构造背景,石榴子石二辉橄榄岩为岩石圈地幔成因,后经海水蚀变,富集重B同位素;而纯橄岩为地幔楔成因,经历俯冲板片流体的蛇纹石化作用之后,富集轻B同位素。

, authors=苏文宇, 刘帅奇, 张贵宾*, authorsList=苏文宇, 刘帅奇, 张贵宾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张贵宾, authorNote=

苏文宇(1998−),女,硕士研究生,主要从事地球化学研究。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张贵宾(1979−),男,教授,博士生导师,从事变质岩和同位素地球化学研究。E−mail:。
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苏文宇(1998−),女,硕士研究生,主要从事地球化学研究。E−mail:

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苏文宇(1998−),女,硕士研究生,主要从事地球化学研究。E−mail:

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Gondwana Research, 2022, 104: 172−184., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307087633935528444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307087633943917053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, companyId=1307087633935528444, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, MOE, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307087633952305662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, companyId=1307087633935528444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307087641351057951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Major tectonic units of the North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, (b) geological map of Lüliangshan area, figureFileSmall=8SkA+P3BbPRD41GAi0uCkQ==, figureFileBig=GmsFFsuiUCiDjqwOnadv/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087641481081376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图1, caption=青藏高原东北部柴北缘超高压变质带的主要构造单元(a;据Zhang et al., 2009a修改)、绿梁山地体地质简图(b;据Song et al., 2004修改), figureFileSmall=8SkA+P3BbPRD41GAi0uCkQ==, figureFileBig=GmsFFsuiUCiDjqwOnadv/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087641757905441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Field occurrence and microscopic characteristics of dunite and garnet lherzolite, figureFileSmall=DdL19CuWQ7H4kSgTT7QVTg==, figureFileBig=RTX1wkyOiOvc+iFjgJu96A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087641854374434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图2, caption=纯橄岩与石榴子石二辉橄榄岩的野外特征与镜下显微照片

a、b. 样品的野外特征照片;c. 石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中的金云母;d. 石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石呈筛网状残留,单斜辉石呈纤维状次生边;e、f. 竹叶状相互贯穿的叶蛇纹石; g、h. 尖晶石以包裹体的形式存在于橄榄石和辉石晶体中;i. 蛇纹石碳酸盐化析出颗粒状菱镁矿

, figureFileSmall=DdL19CuWQ7H4kSgTT7QVTg==, figureFileBig=RTX1wkyOiOvc+iFjgJu96A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087641938260515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Raman spectrogram of serpentine, figureFileSmall=v8wm4FhIVpd62d1zn+zJVw==, figureFileBig=r2ngxH6xZFF+UynhGidkFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087642013757988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蛇纹石矿物拉光谱分析图, figureFileSmall=v8wm4FhIVpd62d1zn+zJVw==, figureFileBig=r2ngxH6xZFF+UynhGidkFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087642080866853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Composition changes of serpentine in Lüliangshan area, figureFileSmall=vHg9FmTz891O7oB+RDUPKA==, figureFileBig=Hz3GAOwGOIO5ONJ7tceEBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087642152170022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图4, caption=绿梁山地区蛇纹石的成分变化, figureFileSmall=vHg9FmTz891O7oB+RDUPKA==, figureFileBig=Hz3GAOwGOIO5ONJ7tceEBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087642219278887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=(a, b, c) Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns and (d, e, f) primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams of serpentinized peridotite in the Luliangshan area, figureFileSmall=2uMsAmULFZOV5/JiMrLz8Q==, figureFileBig=AQXaD1d6WnP5JjWv6lnJOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087642294776360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图5, caption=绿梁山地区蛇纹石化橄榄岩中蛇纹石的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a、b、c)、微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(d、e、f;标准化值据Sun et al., 1989), figureFileSmall=2uMsAmULFZOV5/JiMrLz8Q==, figureFileBig=AQXaD1d6WnP5JjWv6lnJOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087645813797417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Correlations between boron isotope ratios and fluid mobile elements (FMEs), figureFileSmall=uQX7+qPqrtyGMFzfWdjonQ==, figureFileBig=w61g4HPZBC1sO4o+chZ4aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087645880906282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图6, caption=硼同位素比值与流体活动性元素(FMEs)的关系图, figureFileSmall=uQX7+qPqrtyGMFzfWdjonQ==, figureFileBig=w61g4HPZBC1sO4o+chZ4aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087645939626539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Correlations between Cr elements and fluid mobile elements (FMEs), figureFileSmall=XqOaAnoOf3CFRNhaj4CeUA==, figureFileBig=S1mFruLbaGZkHGmTjlVKRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087646023512620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Cr元素与流体活动性元素(FMEs)的关系图, figureFileSmall=XqOaAnoOf3CFRNhaj4CeUA==, figureFileBig=S1mFruLbaGZkHGmTjlVKRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087646090621485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Boron isotope ratios in this study compared with literature data, figureFileSmall=o4pP1oJO5H+BKCeOOn9rqQ==, figureFileBig=GYZYuQuHtSkXNsN/32kkxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087646166118958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图8, caption=研究区硼同位素比值与他人研究结果对比(数据引自Marschall et al.,2011;Martin et al.,2016), figureFileSmall=o4pP1oJO5H+BKCeOOn9rqQ==, figureFileBig=GYZYuQuHtSkXNsN/32kkxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087646233227823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Boron contents and boron isotope ratios in this study compared with literature data, figureFileSmall=/WHkqzMpdRhneoRSYUMPbA==, figureFileBig=QXxkmxdVbdk+Msfs5hSxdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087646317113904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=图9, caption=研究区硼含量与硼同位素比值与他人研究结果对比(数据引自Martin et al.,2016), figureFileSmall=/WHkqzMpdRhneoRSYUMPbA==, figureFileBig=QXxkmxdVbdk+Msfs5hSxdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087646384222769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Major elements (%) of serpentine from Lüliangshan peridotite, North Qaidam

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号21LL03-321LL03-421LL08-221LL08-321LL12-121LL12-221LL2-3
SiO244.744.638.944.944.945.144.9
TiO20.090.090.080.040.070.050.07
Al2O30.330.455.390.470.190.170.19
Cr2O30.050.020.60.070.020.050.06
MgO39.239.436.938.939.539.739.5
FeO3.113.094.213.272.872.772.93
MnO0.040.040.110.080.030.020.03
NiO0.100.100.140.110.190.180.19
CaO0.040.030.070.120.020.030.02
Na2O0.010.020.020.020.010.010.01
K2O0.000.010.020.030.000.000.01
P2O50.010.010.010.020.000.000.00
F0.020.020.000.030.090.090.05
Cl0.030.030.020.030.020.020.02
合计87.7287.8586.5188.0387.8688.1587.96
Oxygens14.0014.0014.0014.0014.0014.0014.00
Si4.104.083.494.104.124.124.12
Ti0.010.010.010.000.000.000.01
Al0.040.050.530.050.020.020.02
Cr0.000.000.040.010.000.000.00
Mg5.415.414.965.335.445.455.43
Fe2+0.240.240.310.250.220.210.22
Mn0.000.000.010.010.000.000.00
Ni0.010.010.010.010.010.010.01
Ca0.000.000.010.010.000.000.00
Na0.000.010.010.010.000.000.00
K0.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
P0.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Sum9.819.819.379.789.839.839.83
XMg0.960.960.940.960.960.960.96
), ArticleFig(id=1307087646476497458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

柴北缘绿梁山蛇纹石矿物的主量元素(%)测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号21LL03-321LL03-421LL08-221LL08-321LL12-121LL12-221LL2-3
SiO244.744.638.944.944.945.144.9
TiO20.090.090.080.040.070.050.07
Al2O30.330.455.390.470.190.170.19
Cr2O30.050.020.60.070.020.050.06
MgO39.239.436.938.939.539.739.5
FeO3.113.094.213.272.872.772.93
MnO0.040.040.110.080.030.020.03
NiO0.100.100.140.110.190.180.19
CaO0.040.030.070.120.020.030.02
Na2O0.010.020.020.020.010.010.01
K2O0.000.010.020.030.000.000.01
P2O50.010.010.010.020.000.000.00
F0.020.020.000.030.090.090.05
Cl0.030.030.020.030.020.020.02
合计87.7287.8586.5188.0387.8688.1587.96
Oxygens14.0014.0014.0014.0014.0014.0014.00
Si4.104.083.494.104.124.124.12
Ti0.010.010.010.000.000.000.01
Al0.040.050.530.050.020.020.02
Cr0.000.000.040.010.000.000.00
Mg5.415.414.965.335.445.455.43
Fe2+0.240.240.310.250.220.210.22
Mn0.000.000.010.010.000.000.00
Ni0.010.010.010.010.010.010.01
Ca0.000.000.010.010.000.000.00
Na0.000.010.010.010.000.000.00
K0.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
P0.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Sum9.819.819.379.789.839.839.83
XMg0.960.960.940.960.960.960.96
), ArticleFig(id=1307087646551994931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Trace elements (10–6) of serpentine from Lüliangshan peridotite, North Qaidam

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号21LL03-321LL03-421LL08-221LL08-321LL12-121LL12-221LL2-3
Li0.460.722.168.080.400.410.29
B33.334.121.026.021.124.722.0
Ca1621003500492720850−−−
Sc3.924.3933.333.725.164.895.19
Ti53.449.189.335.66.795.947.03
V8.6011.4368.1912.335.894.965.26
Cr1751264716118324.1109330
Co74.040.160.740.947.749.553.0
Ni11927431523890145214041390
Cu1.241.771.950.48−−0.16
Zn17.414.431.620.010.311.015.4
As1.141.140.710.561.602.351.03
Rb0.530.004.682.92−0.490.41
Sr18.856.104.056.500.310.380.36
Y2.482.242.440.170.040.040.05
Zr0.390.401.490.150.030.050.07
Nb0.100.100.130.030.010.010.02
Sb0.140.22−0.170.170.200.11
Cs0.330.320.980.540.170.160.12
Ba0.941.125.875.190.110.140.27
La0.190.210.520.070.020.050.06
Ce0.720.771.180.140.090.150.19
Pr0.110.110.130.010.010.020.03
Nd0.630.610.540.060.050.100.14
Sm0.210.170.090.010.020.030.04
Eu0.010.010.020.000.010.020.01
Gd0.290.270.13−−−0.02
Tb0.060.050.030.00−0.010.00
Dy0.390.340.240.020.010.010.01
Ho0.080.070.090.00−−−
Er0.250.200.350.03−−0.01
Tm0.030.030.060.00−−0.00
Yb0.240.210.520.05−−−
Lu0.030.030.090.01−−−
Hf0.010.010.04−−−−
Ta0.000.010.01−0.000.000.00
Pb0.360.230.750.410.180.150.19
Th0.010.010.240.020.010.010.02
U0.010.010.060.020.190.100.42
La/Yb0.791.091.292.850.00−−
ΣREE3.253.043.930.300.180.320.44
Eu/Eu*0.130.110.71−−−1.59
(Dy/Yb)N1.111.200.340.34−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1307087646644269620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

柴北缘绿梁山蛇纹石矿物微量元素(10–6)测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号21LL03-321LL03-421LL08-221LL08-321LL12-121LL12-221LL2-3
Li0.460.722.168.080.400.410.29
B33.334.121.026.021.124.722.0
Ca1621003500492720850−−−
Sc3.924.3933.333.725.164.895.19
Ti53.449.189.335.66.795.947.03
V8.6011.4368.1912.335.894.965.26
Cr1751264716118324.1109330
Co74.040.160.740.947.749.553.0
Ni11927431523890145214041390
Cu1.241.771.950.48−−0.16
Zn17.414.431.620.010.311.015.4
As1.141.140.710.561.602.351.03
Rb0.530.004.682.92−0.490.41
Sr18.856.104.056.500.310.380.36
Y2.482.242.440.170.040.040.05
Zr0.390.401.490.150.030.050.07
Nb0.100.100.130.030.010.010.02
Sb0.140.22−0.170.170.200.11
Cs0.330.320.980.540.170.160.12
Ba0.941.125.875.190.110.140.27
La0.190.210.520.070.020.050.06
Ce0.720.771.180.140.090.150.19
Pr0.110.110.130.010.010.020.03
Nd0.630.610.540.060.050.100.14
Sm0.210.170.090.010.020.030.04
Eu0.010.010.020.000.010.020.01
Gd0.290.270.13−−−0.02
Tb0.060.050.030.00−0.010.00
Dy0.390.340.240.020.010.010.01
Ho0.080.070.090.00−−−
Er0.250.200.350.03−−0.01
Tm0.030.030.060.00−−0.00
Yb0.240.210.520.05−−−
Lu0.030.030.090.01−−−
Hf0.010.010.04−−−−
Ta0.000.010.01−0.000.000.00
Pb0.360.230.750.410.180.150.19
Th0.010.010.240.020.010.010.02
U0.010.010.060.020.190.100.42
La/Yb0.791.091.292.850.00−−
ΣREE3.253.043.930.300.180.320.44
Eu/Eu*0.130.110.71−−−1.59
(Dy/Yb)N1.111.200.340.34−−−
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Boron isotopes (‰) of serpentine from Lüliangshan peridotite, North Qaidam

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测点号δ值SE测点号δ值SE测点号δ值SE测点号δ值SE
21LL03-321LL08-221LL12-121LL12-3
12.00.7117.41.51−2.30.910.90.9
25.00.7223.00.923.31.122.30.9
33.60.7322.60.830.91.230.60.9
41.30.746.31.64−2.01.140.90.9
5−0.50.8511.81.65−3.11.252.40.8
6−0.80.7616.61.16−2.21.36−0.30.8
7−0.10.8718.11.470.81.27−3.80.9
8−1.70.7817.41.180.21.481.80.9
9−4.50.7914.71.191.91.09−1.20.9
10−3.60.81016.01.010−3.81.210−1.00.9
21LL03-421LL08-321LL12-2
13.30.6111.90.71−1.71.1
24.40.7217.20.92−4.41.2
32.60.6311.70.93−1.81.0
41.10.6421.60.641.01.0
5−0.70.6513.440.75−4.41.2
600.669.60.76−3.11.3
70.60.6711.40.77−9.51.2
81.30.6812.50.78−4.01.2
90.30.6911.20.790.81.1
10−0.10.610−5.51.3
), ArticleFig(id=1307087646807847478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087631829987815, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

柴北缘绿梁山蛇纹石B同位素(‰)测试结果

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测点号δ值SE测点号δ值SE测点号δ值SE测点号δ值SE
21LL03-321LL08-221LL12-121LL12-3
12.00.7117.41.51−2.30.910.90.9
25.00.7223.00.923.31.122.30.9
33.60.7322.60.830.91.230.60.9
41.30.746.31.64−2.01.140.90.9
5−0.50.8511.81.65−3.11.252.40.8
6−0.80.7616.61.16−2.21.36−0.30.8
7−0.10.8718.11.470.81.27−3.80.9
8−1.70.7817.41.180.21.481.80.9
9−4.50.7914.71.191.91.09−1.20.9
10−3.60.81016.01.010−3.81.210−1.00.9
21LL03-421LL08-321LL12-2
13.30.6111.90.71−1.71.1
24.40.7217.20.92−4.41.2
32.60.6311.70.93−1.81.0
41.10.6421.60.641.01.0
5−0.70.6513.440.75−4.41.2
600.669.60.76−3.11.3
70.60.6711.40.77−9.51.2
81.30.6812.50.78−4.01.2
90.30.6911.20.790.81.1
10−0.10.610−5.51.3
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柴北缘绿梁山蛇纹石化橄榄岩成因:来自蛇纹石B同位素的证据
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苏文宇 , 刘帅奇 , 张贵宾 *
西北地质 | 非主题 2026,59(3): 328-341
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西北地质 |非主题 2026 , 59 (3) : 328 -341
柴北缘绿梁山蛇纹石化橄榄岩成因:来自蛇纹石B同位素的证据
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苏文宇 , 刘帅奇, 张贵宾*
作者信息
  • 造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871
通讯作者:
张贵宾(1979−),男,教授,博士生导师,从事变质岩和同位素地球化学研究。E−mail:。
作者简介:

苏文宇(1998−),女,硕士研究生,主要从事地球化学研究。E−mail:

Genesis of Serpentinized Peridotite in Lüliangshan, North Qaidam: Evidence from Boron Isotopes of Serpentine
Wenyu SU , Shuaiqi LIU, Guibin ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, MOE, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025046
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柴北缘绿梁山地区出露的蛇纹石化橄榄岩的成因机制存在争议——源自俯冲板片,再活化的岩石圈地幔或地幔楔。笔者在绿梁山地区采集了两种类型橄榄岩(石榴子石二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩),并对其中的蛇纹石进行了主微量元素和原位B同位素分析。绿梁山两种类型橄榄岩分别经历了不同类型的蛇纹石化作用,纯橄岩以橄榄石的蛇纹石化作用为主,而石榴子石二辉橄榄岩则是以辉石蛇纹石化占主导。橄榄石蛇纹石化产生的蛇纹石具有高的MgO、As和低的Al2O3、Cr2O3、FeO、Li、Yb、Y、Ti、Sc、Zn,而辉石蛇纹石化作用则相反。两种类型橄榄岩中的蛇纹石的其B同位素存在显著差异,纯橄岩中蛇纹石的B含量为 13.3×10–6~38.5×10–6,其δ11B值为 −9.5‰~+5.0‰,与地幔值接近或偏高;而石榴子石二辉橄榄岩蛇纹石的B含量为10.5×10–6~49.9×10–6,其δ11B值为 6.3‰~23.0‰,显著富集重B同位素。蛇纹石B同位素组成的差异指示了绿梁山橄榄岩形成于两种不同的构造背景,石榴子石二辉橄榄岩为岩石圈地幔成因,后经海水蚀变,富集重B同位素;而纯橄岩为地幔楔成因,经历俯冲板片流体的蛇纹石化作用之后,富集轻B同位素。

橄榄岩  /  蛇纹石化  /  原位B同位素  /  板片蛇纹岩  /  地幔楔蛇纹岩  /  柴北缘超高压变质带

The genetic mechanism of serpentinized peridotite in Lüliangshan area of the North Qaidam UHPM belt is controversial. It was proposed as product of subducted slabs, refertilised lithospheric mantle or mantle wedge. In this paper, two types of peridotite (garnet lherzolite and dunite) were collected from Lüliangshan area, and the major and trace elements, and in-situ boron isotope of serpentine were analyzed. The two types of peridotite have experienced different types of serpentinization respectively. The dunite is dominated by the serpentinization of olivine, while the garnet lherzolite is dominated by the serpentinization of pyroxene. The serpentine produced by the serpentinization of olivine has higher content of MgO and As but lower content of Al2O3, Cr2O3, FeO, Li, Yb, Y, Ti, Sc and Zn; while the serpentine produced by the serpentinization of pyroxene is opposite. Serpentine in two types of peridotite showed significant differences in boron isotope. The boron content of serpentine in dunite is from 13.3×10–6 to 38.5×10–6, and its δ11B value is from −9.5‰ to +5.0‰, which is close to or slight higher than the δ11B value of the mantle. The boron content of serpentine in garnet lherzolite is from 10.5×10–6 to 49.9×10–6, and its δ11B value is from 6.3‰ to 23.0‰, indicating that they are significantly enriched in heavy boron isotope. The difference of boron isotope composition of serpentines indicates that the Lüliangshan peridotite was formed in two different tectonic settings. The garnet lherzolite is formed in lithospheric mantle and has been altered by seawater, thus with enrichment of heavy boron isotope. While the dunite is of mantle-wedge origin and had undergone serpentinization interacted with subduction fluids, thus with enrichment of light boron isotope.

peridotite  /  serpentinization  /  in-situ boron isotopes  /  slab serpentine  /  mantle-wedge serpentine  /  North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt
苏文宇, 刘帅奇, 张贵宾. 柴北缘绿梁山蛇纹石化橄榄岩成因:来自蛇纹石B同位素的证据. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 328 -341 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025046
Wenyu SU, Shuaiqi LIU, Guibin ZHANG. Genesis of Serpentinized Peridotite in Lüliangshan, North Qaidam: Evidence from Boron Isotopes of Serpentine[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 328 -341 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025046
B是中等程度挥发性的亲石、不相容元素,其在熔/流体活动中容易发生迁移,并主要赋存于电气石、白云母和蛇纹石等矿物中。B元素有两个同位素10B与11B,其中11B(相对丰度80.1%)优先在3次配位的流体中富集;而10B(相对丰度19.9%)优先在具有四面体配位的晶体中富集。因此,硼同位素伴随流体活动会产生显著分馏,进而可以有效地定量反演地幔楔与俯冲板片之间的流体运移过程(Peacock et al., 1999; Kon- rad-Schmolke et al., 2014; Albers et al., 2020)。硼同位素计算公式为:δ11B=[(11B/10B)sample/(11B/10B)standard-1]*1000,在自然界中δ11B的范围为−37‰~+58‰,由于现代海水的δ11B高达+39.6‰,所以海底沉积物、蚀变大洋玄武岩(AOB)和蛇纹岩等的δ11B值为正值,而大陆地壳的δ11B值通常<5‰(Marschall et al., 2011,2018;De Hoog et al., 2018)。
蛇纹石化是地球上最重要的水岩作用之一,它的发生对于岛弧的形成、地震的产生、海底流体活动乃至生命起源、演化等具有重要意义。蛇纹石类矿物的平均含水量为13%,可以稳定存在于从海沟到弧下深度所对应的宽泛温压条件下;叶蛇纹石在约600~700 ℃、120~170 km的弧下深度才会发生完全分解并释放大量流体(Wunder et al., 2001)。因此,蛇纹石类矿物是大洋岩石圈和俯冲带内水和流体活动性元素迁移的最重要载体。蛇纹石化过程中流体活动性元素(B、Li、As、Sb、Pb、Cs、U、Sr和Ba等)会显著富集,而主量元素几乎不发生迁移(除Ca之外)(Tenthorey et al., 2004; 吴凯等,2020)。由于原岩性质、流体成分和氧逸度等条件的不同,大洋岩石圈蛇纹岩和弧前蛇纹岩的特征也略有不同。因此,可以用蛇纹岩的地球化学特征来反演蛇纹石化过程及其中的元素迁移,以及可能经历的流体/熔体交代过程(Deschamps et al., 2013)。此外,蛇纹石作为含水层状硅酸盐矿物,硅氧层会被硼元素以类质同象替代。最近,Martin et al. (2020)有关研究表明蛇纹石的B同位素可以有效示踪和区分俯冲板片和地幔不同来源的流体。
柴北缘超高压变质带西端的绿梁山地区所出露的造山带橄榄岩,其金刚石包体及一些特殊矿物出溶结构表明其经历过深俯冲超高压变质作用(Song et al., 2005a)。但这些橄榄岩的成因仍有争议,如幔源岩浆堆晶成因(Song et al., 2007, 2009),再活化的岩石圈地幔(Shi et al., 2010)和蚀变的洋底橄榄岩(Yang et al., 2008)。据此,笔者对蛇纹石化纯橄岩与蛇纹石化石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中的蛇纹石进行了原位硼同位素分析,以探讨B同位素对绿梁山造山带橄榄岩的成因和流体活动的限定。
柴北缘超高压变质带位于中国西部的青海省境内,青藏高原东北缘,沿柴达木盆地北缘呈NWW–SEE向展布,其北侧是祁连地体,南侧为柴达木地体,东接秦岭造山带,西端被阿尔金断裂所切(图1a;林成贵等,2017;王佳兴等,2020)。柴北缘超高压变质带北部相距300 km处即为北祁连加里东期缝合带,发育典型的蛇绿岩和低温高压变质岩组合。
柴北缘超高压变质带自西向东主要出露于鱼卡、绿梁山、锡铁山和都兰4个区域(图1a)。在泥质片麻岩和榴辉岩中均有柯石英报道(杨经绥等,2001;Yang et al., 2001; Song et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2009a, 2009b,2010, 2023; Liu et al., 2012),而在石榴橄榄岩的锆石中发现有金刚石包裹体(Song et al., 2005a)。此外,在都兰北带野马滩榴辉岩中还保存有K-cymrite(Zhang et al., 2009),以及辉石中出溶白云母的现象(Han et al., 2015)表明柴北缘曾作为一个整体发生了深俯冲而经历过超高压变质作用。
柴北缘超高压变质带中发育两种类型橄榄岩:①绿梁山造山带橄榄岩,岩石类型包括石榴子石二辉橄榄岩、石榴方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和石榴辉石岩。锆石中包裹的金刚石包体及石榴子石和橄榄石中的出溶结构表明,其经历过大于200 km的深俯冲过程(Song et al., 2014)。②都兰区域的沙柳河和野马滩大洋蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩,代表大洋岩石圈残片(Zhang et al., 2016, 2023)。
绿梁山位于大柴旦镇以南约20 km处,该区大部分被第四系覆盖,且其西侧侵入有志留纪花岗岩(图1b; Song et al., 2004)。岩石类型主要以花岗质片麻岩和含夕线石(蓝晶石)的副片麻岩为主,橄榄岩作为一个大块体(500~800 m)出露于其中(杨建军等, 1994; Song et al., 2004, 2005b, 2007)。橄榄岩呈层状,可以识别出①纯橄岩(Ol+Spl±Opx)、②含石榴子石纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩(Grt+Ol+Opx±Cpx)、③石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(Ol+Grt+Opx+Cpx±Cmt±Phl)、④石榴辉石岩(Grt+Opx+Cpx+Phl)4种岩石类型(Song et al., 2005b, 2007, 2009; Yang et al., 2008)。笔者选取3块典型岩石样品进行分析测试,包括2块纯橄岩(21LL03和21LL12)和1块石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(21LL08)(E 95°20′38.91″, N 37°39′8.6″) (图2a、图2b)。
蛇纹石的主量元素分析在中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室完成,实验仪器为配备有4道波谱仪的日本JEOL公司生产的JEOL JXA-8230型电子探针,样品在上机测试之前先镀上尽量均匀,厚度约为20 nm的碳膜,详细的电子探针分析流程见Yang et al. (2022)。测试工作条件为:加速电压为15 kV,加速电流为20 nA,束斑直径为2 μm,使用天然矿物或合成氧化物作为标样,所有测试数据均进行了ZAF校正处理,分析精度在5%以内(表1)。蛇纹石的背散射图像在实验过程中一并获取(图2i)。
蛇纹石的微量元素在北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室测定,采用193 nm准分子激光器(GeoLas HD)与四极杆等离子质谱仪(Thermo Q-ICP-MS)联用,分析束斑为44 μm,激光频率为5 Hz,能量密度为8 J/cm2。每次分析包括了20 s背景采集和50 s数据采集,数据采用NIST610合成玻璃的Si元素为内标,NIST612作为次级标样。用数据分析软件Iolite v.3.71对数据进行分析(Paton et al., 2010, 2011; 表2)。
蛇纹石原位硼同位素测试是在北京大学造山带与地壳演化重点实验室完成。采用193 nm准分子激光器(GeoLas HD)与多接收等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)联用。分析束斑为90 μm,激光频率为5 Hz,能量密度为8 J/cm2,载气为氦气。多接收等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)为英国Nu Instrument公司的Nu Plasma Ⅱ,配备16个法拉第杯和6个离子计数器,冷却气、辅助气、样品气均为氩气。使用Nu Plasma Ⅱ自带的软件进行背景扣除,随后使用标样-样品-标样(SSB)交叉法对未知样品测试值进行质量歧视校正(徐洁等,2020; 表3)。
蛇纹石的拉曼光谱实验在中国地质科学院地质研究所的激光拉曼实验室完成,实验仪器为HORIBAJY 公司生产的LabRAMHR HR Evolution 型激光拉曼光谱仪,搭载Olympus BX41显微镜 (Zhang et al., 2022)。工作光源为Nd: YAG 固体激光器,激光波长532 nm,输出功率100 mW,通过摄谱仪上100 μm的共聚焦孔后由1800 g光栅接收,使用−60 ℃的深热电冷却CCD探测器(Syncerity)对散射光进行检测。实验使用单晶硅片的520.7 cm−1谱峰做标定,拉曼信号采集在100~1200 cm−1的光谱区间内。100倍物镜照射在样品表面的功率为1~5 mW,光谱分辨率为±0.59 cm−1,激光束斑为1~2 μm,采集时间为10~20 s。数据采用LabSpec 6软件处理。
石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(21LL08)主要由石榴子石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、橄榄石、金云母(图2c)和蛇纹石组成,橄榄石作为残留呈孤岛状(图2d),蛇纹石充填在网脉之中(图2e)。蛇纹石化纯橄岩(21LL03与21LL12)主要以橄榄石为主,含少量斜方辉石与单斜辉石,橄榄石发生强烈蛇纹石化作用,蛇纹石呈竹叶状相互穿切(图2e、图2f)。薄片下单斜辉石可以见到两种形态,一种是分布在基质中的假象结构(图2h),另一种是在蛇纹石化的橄榄石边部出现单斜辉石纤维状次生边(图2d),可见少量尖晶石矿物,以包裹体的形态分布在橄榄石颗粒中间(图2g)与辉石颗粒中间(图2h)。在单偏光镜下可见到橄榄石周边有菱镁矿出现(图2i)。对石榴子石二辉橄榄岩和蛇纹石化纯橄岩中的蛇纹石矿物进行拉曼光谱分析,实验结果显示本次研究分析的所有蛇纹石样品均为叶蛇纹石(图3)。
石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(21LL08)中的蛇纹石SiO2含量为33.3%~47.5%,MgO为33.9%~40.7%,FeO为2.57%~7.54%,Al2O3为0.13%~13.9%,CaO为0.02%~0.49%,Na2O+K2O为0~0.2%,Mg#为0.89~0.97。纯橄岩(21LL03和21LL12)中蛇纹石主量元素含量变化范围小,SiO2为43.7%~45.7%,MgO为38.2%~40.4%,FeO为2.54%~3.48%,Al2O3为0~0.99%,CaO为0~0.08%,Na2O+K2O为0~0.06%、Mg#为0.95~0.97。将蛇纹石主量元素按照14个氧原子进行计算,绘制Al与XMg[Mg/(Mg+Fe)原子比]的图像(图4a),可以发现大多数蛇纹石低Al(<0.2 a.p.f.u.),且XMg大多数为0.94~0.97,少数蛇纹石富Al。
石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(21LL08)中,蛇纹石的B含量为10.5×10–6~49.9×10–6,蛇纹石的Ti(6.85×10–6~220×10–6)、Sc(1.49×10–6~97.9×10–6)、V(0.6×10–6~165×10–6)、Cr(0~12490×10–6)、Mn(358×10–6~1606×10–6)、Co(22.0×10–6~122×10–6)、Ni(644×10–6~2699×10–6)、Sr(0.43×10–6~36.7×10–6)、Li(0.2×10–6~31×10–6)、Y(0.02×10–6~4.95×10–6)及REE (0.03×10–6~8.14×10–6)等变化范围比较大。在球粒陨石标准化稀土图谱中,蛇纹石具有较高的REE含量,呈现“V”字型稀土分配样式,具显著的Eu负异常至轻微Eu负异常的特征(图5a)。在蛛网图中,石榴子石二辉橄榄岩的蛇纹石富集Rb、Ba、Th、U并具有显著的Pb异常(图5d)。纯橄岩样品 21LL03蛇纹石的B含量为28.6×10–6~38.5×10–6,具有低的Ti(44.2×10–6~58.8×10–6)、Sc(3.41×10–6~5.24×10–6)、V(7.55×10–6~15.7×10–6)、Cr(12.8×10–6~467×10–6)、Mn(295×10–6~725×10–6)、 Li (0~1.28×10–6)、Y(1.22×10–6~3.3×10–6)、REE(1.63×10–6~4.32×10–6)和高的Co(31.0×10–6~429×10–6)、Ni(669×10–6~5440×10–6)、Sr(0.9×10–6~173×10–6)含量。在稀土图谱中,蛇纹石具平坦的稀土分配样式和显著的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.02~0.31) (图5b)。在微量元素蛛网图中,样品21LL03中蛇纹石Rb、Ba、Sr含量较低,但富集Nb、Ta、Pb(图5e)。此外,纯橄岩样品21LL12中蛇纹石的B含量为13.3×10–6~37.3×10–6,相比于样品21LL03,蛇纹石具有低的Li(0~0.79×10–6)、Ti(4.02×10–6~10.0×10–6)、V(1.81×10–6~12.8×10–6)、Mn(145×10–6~341×10–6)、Y(0.01×10–6~0.1×10–6)、Sr(0.14×10–6~0.6×10–6)、Ti(4.02×10–6~10.0×10–6)和REE(0.02×10–6~1.01×10–6)含量;但具有类似的Co(38.1×10–6~95.5×10–6)、Ni(1097×10–6~1588×10–6)和Sc(3.87×10–6~6.8×10–6)含量。在稀土图谱中,该样品中的蛇纹石具有显著低的REE含量,HREE含量低于检出限,LREE含量为0.02×10–6~0.94×10–6(图5c)。在蛛网图中,样品21LL12中蛇纹石具有显著的U和Pb的正异常(图5f)。
石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(21LL08)和纯橄岩(21LL03和21LL12)中的蛇纹石具有差异显著的B同位素组成。石榴子石二辉橄榄岩蛇纹石B同位素δ11B为6.3‰~23.0‰,富集重B同位素 (图6a)。而纯橄岩样品(21LL03和21LL12)蛇纹石B同位素分别为−4.5‰~5.0‰和−9.5‰~3.3‰,与地幔的B同位素值接近或偏高 (图6a)。此外,石榴子石二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩中蛇纹石的B同位素与微量元素Li、U、Sr、Ba、Cr、Cs和Th也呈现不同的趋势(图6)。石榴子石二辉橄榄岩蛇纹石B同位素与Li、U、Sr、Ba、Cr、Cs、Th含量呈负相关关系,而纯橄岩中蛇纹石的B同位素则呈现出相反的趋势。
蛇纹石化过程中伴随着显著的化学元素迁移,特别是对于流体活动性元素而言 (B、Li、As、Sb、Rb、而言,Ba、Cs、Sr、U、Pb)。一般而言,蛇纹石化过程中主量元素 (SiO2、MgO、Al2O3、FeO)的迁移量很小 (Mevel, 2003),但由利蛇纹石向叶蛇纹石转变过程中会导致蛇纹石的SiO2升高,MgO和H2O含量降低。此外,高压相的叶蛇纹石一般较低压相的利蛇纹石更富Al (Deschamps et al., 2013)。不同类型的Fe−Mg矿物(橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石)发生蛇纹石化也会造成蛇纹石成分上的差异。橄榄石蛇纹石化产生的蛇纹石具有高的MgO(35%~45%;图4d)和NiO(~0.5 %),而辉石发生蛇纹石化产生的蛇纹石则具有低的MgO(25%~40%;图4d)和高的Al2O3 (25%~40%;图4a)和Cr2O3 (~1%;Deschamps et al., 2010)。绿梁山石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(21LL08)相比于纯橄岩(21LL03和21LL12)具有低的MgO并且显著富集Al2O3、Cr2O3以及FeO(图4b)。因此,绿梁山不同橄榄岩间蛇纹石主量元素的差异可能是由于发生蛇纹石化的铁镁矿物不同所导致。石榴子石二辉橄榄岩主要以辉石的蛇纹石化占主导,而纯橄岩则以橄榄石的蛇纹石化为主。此外,橄榄石蛇纹石化和辉石蛇纹石化在蛇纹石的微量元素上也有所区别。辉石蛇纹石化相比于橄榄石蛇纹石化产生蛇纹石具有高的Yb、Y、Ti、Sc、Zn和低的La/Yb值 (Deschamps et al., 2012; 图7)。绿梁山石榴子石二辉橄榄岩相比于纯橄岩蛇纹石显著富集LREE、Y、Zn,且具有高的Ti、Sc和低的La/Yb,这一特征也证实不同类型(橄榄石和辉石)的蛇纹石化过程。
绿梁山石榴子石二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩蛇纹石的稀土样式也明显不同。纯橄岩21LL03呈现平坦的稀土分配样式,并具有显著的Eu负异常(图5b)。而纯橄岩21LL12中蛇纹石富集轻稀土,而重稀土未检出(图5c),表明两种类型的蛇纹石化纯橄岩的原岩成分不同,导致变质后的蛇纹石化橄榄岩继承原岩特征,具有不同含量的微量元素特征。石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中蛇纹石富集轻和重稀土,而贫中稀土(图5a)。一般情况下,蛇纹石的稀土样式会继承其宿主矿物(橄榄石和辉石)的特征,通常辉石蛇纹石化产生的蛇纹石一般富集重稀土而亏损轻稀土,而橄榄石蛇纹石过程一般呈现平坦的稀土样式 (Deschamps et al., 2012, 2013)。但蛇纹石化过程会再富集轻稀土元素,从而改造蛇纹石的稀土样式。纯橄岩21LL03中的蛇纹石继承了橄榄石的特征,呈现出平坦的轻重稀土样式,而明显的Eu负异常指示其原岩形成过程中源区存在大量长石。石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中蛇纹石重稀土富集的特征则是继承了辉石的稀土样式,而该样品蛇纹石轻稀土富集的特征可能与蛇纹石化过程中被俯冲流体交代或轻稀土再富集有关。
除此以外,蛇纹石作为俯冲带流体活动性元素的一个重要载体,可以携带流体活动性元素到俯冲带深部 (Evans et al., 2013)。作为俯冲带典型的富B矿物,笔者在绿梁山橄榄岩中分析得到蛇纹石的B含量为10.5×10–6~49.9×10–6,明显高于地幔的B含量 (亏损地幔:0.06×10–6;原始地幔:0.3×10–6) (Deschamps et al., 2013; 图6a)。与B类似,蛇纹石化橄榄岩也具有较高的Li含量,并且辉石蛇纹石化相比于橄榄石蛇纹石化产生蛇纹石的Li含量更高(图6b),但不同类型蛇纹石化产生蛇纹石的B含量并无明显差别 (Deschamps et al., 2010)。对于绿梁山橄榄岩而言,石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中的蛇纹石的Li和Zn含量分别为0.20×10–6~31×10–6和15.1×10–6~69.6×10–6,明显高于纯橄岩中蛇纹石的Li(0~1.28×10–6)和Zn(8.5×10–6~19.4×10–6)含量(图7d)。亲硫元素As也可进入到蛇纹石中,但与Li相反,橄榄石蛇纹石化过程相比于辉石蛇纹石化会优先富集As。绿梁山纯橄岩中蛇纹石的As含量为0~3.46×10–6,要高于石榴子石二辉橄榄岩 (As:0~0.99×10–6) (图7e)。总而言之,笔者在柴北缘绿梁山地区识别出两个类型的蛇纹石化作用,分别对应于橄榄石蛇纹石化和辉石蛇纹石化,不同类型的蛇纹石化过程导致了蛇纹石成分上的差异。
Song et al.(2004, 2005a)在绿梁山石榴橄榄岩的锆石中报道了金刚石的包裹体,并在石榴子石和橄榄石中发现了金红石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、钛铁矿以及钠质闪石、Al-铬铁矿的出溶结构。上述现象表明绿梁山石榴橄榄岩曾经历超深俯冲,变质的峰期温压条件可达960~1040 ℃,5.0~6.5 GPa。然而,关于绿梁山造山带橄榄岩的成因机制一直存在争议,存在以下①幔源岩浆堆晶成因、②再活化的岩石圈地幔、③蚀变的洋底橄榄岩3种观点(Guo et al., 2023)。Song et al.(2007, 2009)根据绿梁山石榴橄榄岩的条带状构造,以及强烈富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Cs、Ba、Sr、U、Pb)和亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti)的出岛弧岩浆地球化学特征,提出岛弧环境下地幔楔部分熔融产生熔体堆晶的成因模型。Yang et al.(2008)认为该地区出露的石榴橄榄岩起源于岩石圈地幔,后侵位到洋壳当中,并经历洋底蚀变,发生强烈蛇纹石化。而Shi et al.(2010)发现绿梁山石榴橄榄岩具有低的187Re/188Os和187Os/188Os同位素组成,与幔源岩浆堆晶的特征不符,而更可能来源于再活化的岩石圈地幔。Chen et al.(2017)在石榴橄榄岩的锆石包体中发现了多相固体包裹体并且识别出高δ18O (5.6‰~7.8‰)和低δ18O (−0.7‰~3.0‰)两期次流体交代作用,认为绿梁山造山带橄榄岩为地幔楔橄榄岩,并被洋壳脱水流体和俯冲大陆地壳脱水流体所交代。
俯冲带蛇纹石化橄榄岩可以是俯冲板片橄榄岩和地幔楔橄榄岩两种类型岩石的蛇纹石化的产物 (Deschamps et al., 2013; Martin et al., 2016)。俯冲板片蛇纹石化被认为是大洋岩石圈地幔橄榄岩与海水反应而发生热液蚀变的过程。一般反应为:橄榄石+斜方辉石+H2O→蛇纹石+磁铁矿+H2。板片蛇纹岩的全岩B同位素组成δ11B为+12‰~+30‰,这一重B同位素信号被认为是继承了海水的特征 (δ11B=+40‰,Cannaò et al., 2016)。相比之下,地幔楔橄榄岩的蛇纹石化过程与俯冲板片沉积物和蚀变洋壳玄武岩变质脱水释放流体交代上覆地幔楔有关 (Martin et al., 2016)。地幔楔蛇纹石化过程中B同位素变化很大程度上受控于板片脱水流体。但与海水近乎恒定的B同位素不同, Martin et al.(2020)指出板片蛇纹岩的δ11B可以从−14‰到+24‰之间变化,俯冲板片在浅部脱出的流体可以将重B同位素信号传递给地幔楔橄榄岩,而随着俯冲板片持续俯冲和伴随的连续脱挥发分,俯冲板片的脱水流体具有越来越轻的B同位素组成。此外,基于蛇纹石的B同位素计算得到俯冲板片脱水流体的δ11B最低可达−17‰ (Martin et al., 2016)。总体而言,不同构造背景下(地幔楔 vs. 岩石圈地幔)发生蛇纹石化所记录的流体信息不同导致其B同位素记录存在明显的差异 (Cannaò, 2020; Martin et al., 2020)。总体上,δ11B在10‰以上的蛇纹石化橄榄岩主要与岩石圈地幔橄榄岩受海水蚀变有关,而蛇纹石的δ11B值在10‰以下则与地幔楔受板片流体交代发生蛇纹石化有关(图8)。
笔者在柴北缘绿梁山地体识别出两种类型蛇纹石化橄榄岩(图8),石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中的蛇纹石显著富集11B,其δ11B为6.3‰~23.0‰,可能来源于岩石圈地幔橄榄岩,后期发生蛇纹石化。而纯橄岩样品蛇纹石的δ11B为−9.5‰~+5.0‰,与地幔楔蛇纹岩的B同位素组成接近。此外,纯橄岩中蛇纹石的δ11B与流体活动元素Li和Ba以及难熔元素Cr呈正相关关系(图6),指示俯冲过程中板片脱挥发分产生变质流体的Li、U、Sr、Ba、Cs和Th含量逐渐降低;Cr的降低则与脱水流体和地幔橄榄岩间的相互作用有关,这一过程同时伴随着11B信号的降低。石榴子石二辉橄榄岩的δ11B则与Li、U、Sr、Ba、Cr、Cs、Th等7种元素呈负相关关系,推测这与海水具有低的元素本底和高δ11B有关。
蛇纹石化过程中由纤蛇纹石/利蛇纹石向叶蛇纹石转化过程中,会脱去大量的H2O和B,导致蛇纹石的B含量和δ11B值逐渐降低 (Deschamps et al., 2013)。Cannaò(2020)指出蛇纹石化相转变过程中的B同位素分馏(δ11B)可达30‰。因此,蛇纹石相转变过程中的B同位素分馏是笔者利用B同位素来区分板片蛇纹岩和地幔楔蛇纹岩需考虑的一个重要因素。对于绿梁山橄榄岩而言,虽然石榴子石二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩之间存在显著的B同位素差异,但二者的B含量基本保持一致。笔者对研究的所有蛇纹石样品均进行了拉曼实验测试(图3),结果显示研究区的蛇纹石样品均为叶蛇纹石样品,表明在本研究区不存在蛇纹石相转变过程中由低压的利蛇纹石向高压相叶蛇纹石转化过程中的脱B效应。此外,与Cannaò (2020)的观点相反,Martin et al. (2020)测定了同类样品中利蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的B同位素组成,发现利蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的δ11B和B含量并没有差别,即蛇纹石相转变过程中可能并不存在显著的脱硼效应和B同位素分馏。综上所述,基于蛇纹石的B同位素组成,笔者在柴北缘绿梁山地区发现的两类型蛇纹石化橄榄岩,分别对应于地幔楔和岩石圈地幔两种构造背景(图9)。
(1) 绿梁山纯橄岩和石榴子石二辉橄榄岩经历了不同类型的蛇纹石化作用,纯橄岩以橄榄石的蛇纹石化作用为主,而石榴子石二辉橄榄岩则是以辉石蛇纹石化为主。橄榄石蛇纹石化相比于辉石蛇纹石化所形成的蛇纹石具有高的MgO、As和低的Al2O3、Cr2O3、FeO、Li、Yb、Y、Ti、Sc、Zn。
(2) 绿梁山纯橄岩和石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中蛇纹石B同位素存在显著差异,石榴子石二辉橄榄岩中蛇纹石明显富集重B同位素 (δ11B=6.3‰−23.0‰),而纯橄岩中蛇纹石则具有低的δ11B值 (−9.5‰~+5.0‰)。蛇纹石的B同位素组成指示了绿梁山橄榄岩形成于两种不同的构造背景,石榴子石二辉橄榄岩为岩石圈地幔成因,后经海水蚀变,形成的蛇纹石富集重B同位素;而纯橄岩为地幔楔成因,受俯冲板片流体的影响形成的蛇纹石富集轻B同位素。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025046
  • 接收时间:2023-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-30
  • 修回日期:2025-02-04
  • 录用日期:2025-03-21
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    造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871

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张贵宾(1979−),男,教授,博士生导师,从事变质岩和同位素地球化学研究。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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