Article(id=1307086991858884727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086317918122434, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025092, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=1747929600000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-23, acceptedDate=1747929600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-23, onlineDate=1789563423361, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1776614400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563423361, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563423361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563423361, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307086317918122434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='328', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776614400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563262680, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616239746, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308519917638393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086317918122434, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308519917638394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086317918122434, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=236, endPage=248, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307086993444331640, articleId=1307086991858884727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Carboniferous Dark Shales from Well MH55 in the Northwestern Junggar Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Carboniferous strata in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin represent an important target for deep hydrocarbon exploration, with the characteristics and formation background of source rocks attracting significant attention. This study focuses on the dark mudstones of the Carboniferous strata in Well MH55, utilizing systematic sampling and organic-inorganic geochemical analyses to investigate their hydrocarbon potential, paleo-depositional environment, and organic matter enrichment mechanisms. The results reveal that the organic matter content in the dark mudstones of Well MH55 is moderate, dominated by Type Ⅲ kerogen. The source rocks exhibit a high degree of thermal maturity with significant fluctuations, likely influenced by frictional heating associated with fault activity, and are overall classified as poor-to-moderate source rocks. The mudstones were deposited in a brackish-to-saline transitional environment characterized by dysoxic water conditions and oscillating climatic shifts between warm-humid and cold-arid periods. Organic matter enrichment was primarily controlled by terrigenous input and dysoxic conditions. Terrigenous input provided the primary source of organic matter, while dysoxic conditions effectively reduced organic matter oxidation and decomposition rates. In contrast, the contribution of paleo-productivity was relatively limited, which may be attributed to insufficient nutrient availability in the water column and dilution effects from terrigenous material input during deposition.

, authors=Xiatian WANG1, Yang HAN1, Tao WANG1, Menglin ZHENG1, Long ZHANG2, Hai LI2, Shaohua ZHANG2, *, authorsList=Xiatian WANG, Yang HAN, Tao WANG, Menglin ZHENG, Long ZHANG, Hai LI, Shaohua ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shaohua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307086998955647114, articleId=1307086991858884727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义, columnId=1307047819974570720, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=非主题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

准噶尔盆地西北缘石炭系是深层油气勘探的重要层系,其烃源岩特征及形成背景备受关注。笔者以玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩为研究对象,通过系统采样与有机–无机地球化学分析,探讨了其烃源潜力、古沉积环境及有机质富集机制。结果表明,玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩有机质含量中等,干酪根类型以Ⅲ型为主,热演化程度较高、波动大,与断裂活动的摩擦生热效应有关,总体属于差–中等烃源岩。暗色泥岩沉积于半咸水–咸水的海陆过渡相环境,伴随贫氧水体条件及温暖湿润与寒冷干旱交替的振荡气候背景。有机质富集主要受控于陆源物质输入和贫氧环境,陆源输入提供了有机质来源,而贫氧环境有效降低了有机质氧化分解速率。相比之下,古生产力对有机质富集的贡献较为有限,与沉积期水体中营养元素的不足及陆源输入的稀释作用有关。

, authors=王霞田1, 韩杨1, 王韬1, 郑孟林1, 张龙2, 李海2, 张少华2, *, authorsList=王霞田, 韩杨, 王韬, 郑孟林, 张龙, 李海, 张少华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张少华, authorNote=

王霞田(1982−),女,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质勘探方面的科研工作。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张少华(1990−),男,副教授,主要从事构造过程及其资源环境效应、油气地质与勘探等领域的教学研究工作。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ReBILYczi17z88luxt5+bw==, magXml=9TPUIPMHFySZ8cYWzWq7GQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=oM5JfUS7Qquzs6x5tfsXLA==, pdfFileSize=1291970, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=s8OitMGHGIy8BLkzRxT2Tw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Oh2E52gEh2veUtW20Huecg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307087288895300136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wxt@petrochina.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307087289159541290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, authorId=1307087288895300136, language=EN, stringName=Xiatian WANG, firstName=Xiatian, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307087289230844459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, authorId=1307087288895300136, language=CN, stringName=王霞田, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000, bio={"content":"

王霞田(1982−),女,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质勘探方面的科研工作。E−mail:

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王霞田(1982−),女,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质勘探方面的科研工作。E−mail:

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上地壳沉积物标准化数据引自Taylor et al.(1995);球粒陨石标准化数据引自Boynton (1984)

, figureFileSmall=dpJH8/bbPUzBs+RRz5ceww==, figureFileBig=fljiHnAXTerJG+KKQyj9mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087293597114970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation of Carboniferous dark mudstones in Well MH55, figureFileSmall=dq+rDZzMEe9E+AEzacTYmw==, figureFileBig=RKTAU5t6rNmtJ6BwagU+xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087293760692827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=图4, caption=玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩烃源潜力评价图(底图据Zhang et al.,2018), figureFileSmall=dq+rDZzMEe9E+AEzacTYmw==, figureFileBig=RKTAU5t6rNmtJ6BwagU+xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087293827801692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Paleo-water environment and salinity discrimination plots for Carboniferous dark mudstones in Well MH55, figureFileSmall=o1VJQFO3/XQUxuQgK8RraQ==, figureFileBig=Xoq/1fGsXGX2rcaMwaWOJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087293886521949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=图5, caption=玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩古水体环境与盐度判别图

a. TOC vs. TS交汇图;b. Sr vs. Ba交汇图;底图据Hatem et al. (2016)

, figureFileSmall=o1VJQFO3/XQUxuQgK8RraQ==, figureFileBig=Xoq/1fGsXGX2rcaMwaWOJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087293949436510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Diagrams showing paleo-climatic conditions of the Carboniferous dark mudstones from Well MH55, figureFileSmall=HYxe2F0dT2F9pgZoyb0gvQ==, figureFileBig=AxSNejZ1j562AE+zmKbJ/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087294012351071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=图6, caption=玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩古气候条件判别图

a. Ga/Rb vs. K2O/Al2O3交汇图;b. Sr/Cu vs. Ga/Rb交汇图;底图据Bai et al. (2022)

, figureFileSmall=HYxe2F0dT2F9pgZoyb0gvQ==, figureFileBig=AxSNejZ1j562AE+zmKbJ/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087294071071328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Discrimination diagrams of paleo-redox conditions for Carboniferous dark mudstones from Well MH55, figureFileSmall=KS5Tce1UB/6116MJncelHA==, figureFileBig=bik/B5YG7kNx638kQ3DThg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087294230454881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=图7, caption=玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩古氧化还原条件判别图

a. V/Cr vs. U/Th交汇图;b. Ni/Co vs. V/Cr交汇图;底图据Bai et al. (2022)

, figureFileSmall=KS5Tce1UB/6116MJncelHA==, figureFileBig=bik/B5YG7kNx638kQ3DThg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087294322729570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Correlation analysis of TOC content with terrigenous input, redox conditions, and paleoproductivity indicators in the Carboniferous dark mudstones of Well MH55, figureFileSmall=Os6WDcrnu2AqDvTjoscZ9A==, figureFileBig=QwiBw556JrUaO/Fec5ceyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087294389838435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=图8, caption=玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩TOC含量与陆源物质输入、氧化还原以及古生产力指标相关分析图

a. Zr vs. TOC;b. Ti vs. TOC;c. U/Th vs. TOC;d. V/(V+Ni) vs. TOC;e. P/Ti vs. TOC;f. Ba/Al vs. TOC

, figureFileSmall=Os6WDcrnu2AqDvTjoscZ9A==, figureFileBig=QwiBw556JrUaO/Fec5ceyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087294461141604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Results of total organic carbon, total sulfur, rock-eval pyrolysis, and vitrinite reflectance of Carboniferous dark mudstones from Well MH55

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号TOC (%)TS (%)Tmax (℃)S1 (mg/g)S2 (mg/g)S3(mg/g)S1+S2 (mg/g)PIHI (mg/g)OI (mg/g)Ro
MH55-10.570.005190.030.110.000.140.2122.000.001.89
MH55-20.630.125200.040.110.130.150.2720.0023.641.87
MH55-30.640.105210.040.110.100.150.2719.3017.541.95
MH55-40.330.075120.030.040.060.070.4312.5018.751.96
MH55-50.300.245100.040.040.050.080.5012.9016.131.95
MH55-60.300.035140.030.050.030.080.3815.639.381.72
MH55-70.490.035040.060.090.030.150.4019.156.381.75
MH55-80.250.454630.050.060.040.110.4521.4314.291.95
MH55-90.390.015060.050.090.060.140.3624.3216.221.97
MH55-100.370.045140.030.060.080.090.3315.7921.051.90
MH55-110.600.055130.030.120.050.150.2021.438.931.90
MH55-120.660.095120.030.160.070.190.1627.1211.861.74
MH55-130.590.145120.030.110.050.140.2120.009.091.79
MH55-140.670.255030.040.180.050.220.1830.008.331.77
MH55-150.880.195120.060.210.070.270.2224.718.242.07
MH55-160.950.135190.050.200.030.250.2023.813.571.98
MH55-171.030.085190.050.260.050.310.1629.555.681.99
MH55-180.720.175120.090.210.080.300.3031.3411.941.90
MH55-190.650.165120.090.260.050.350.2641.948.061.85
MH55-201.260.944790.090.420.060.510.1840.785.831.49
), ArticleFig(id=1307087294603747941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩总有机碳与总硫含量、岩石热解和镜质体反射率测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号TOC (%)TS (%)Tmax (℃)S1 (mg/g)S2 (mg/g)S3(mg/g)S1+S2 (mg/g)PIHI (mg/g)OI (mg/g)Ro
MH55-10.570.005190.030.110.000.140.2122.000.001.89
MH55-20.630.125200.040.110.130.150.2720.0023.641.87
MH55-30.640.105210.040.110.100.150.2719.3017.541.95
MH55-40.330.075120.030.040.060.070.4312.5018.751.96
MH55-50.300.245100.040.040.050.080.5012.9016.131.95
MH55-60.300.035140.030.050.030.080.3815.639.381.72
MH55-70.490.035040.060.090.030.150.4019.156.381.75
MH55-80.250.454630.050.060.040.110.4521.4314.291.95
MH55-90.390.015060.050.090.060.140.3624.3216.221.97
MH55-100.370.045140.030.060.080.090.3315.7921.051.90
MH55-110.600.055130.030.120.050.150.2021.438.931.90
MH55-120.660.095120.030.160.070.190.1627.1211.861.74
MH55-130.590.145120.030.110.050.140.2120.009.091.79
MH55-140.670.255030.040.180.050.220.1830.008.331.77
MH55-150.880.195120.060.210.070.270.2224.718.242.07
MH55-160.950.135190.050.200.030.250.2023.813.571.98
MH55-171.030.085190.050.260.050.310.1629.555.681.99
MH55-180.720.175120.090.210.080.300.3031.3411.941.90
MH55-190.650.165120.090.260.050.350.2641.948.061.85
MH55-201.260.944790.090.420.060.510.1840.785.831.49
), ArticleFig(id=1307087294687634022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Composition of kerogen in Carboniferous dark mudstones from Well MH55

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
腐泥组
(%)
壳质组(%)镜质组(%)惰质组(%)类型
孢粉体角质体腐殖无定形体小计正常镜质体丝质体类型指数类型
MH55-100035355411−34.00Ⅲ
MH55-200034345511−35.25Ⅲ
MH55-300034345214−36.00Ⅲ
MH55-400050503515−16.25Ⅲ
MH55-500055553015−10.00Ⅲ
MH55-600034345511−35.25Ⅲ
MH55-700016165727−61.75Ⅲ
MH55-800020205327−56.75Ⅲ
MH55-900059592813−4.50Ⅲ
MH55-1000057572914−7.25Ⅲ
MH55-1100020205129−57.25Ⅲ
MH55-1200058582814−6.00Ⅲ
MH55-1300057572914−7.25Ⅲ
MH55-14000757518717.00Ⅱ2
MH55-1500034345511−35.25Ⅲ
MH55-1600024245818−49.50Ⅲ
MH55-1700027275320−46.25Ⅲ
MH55-18000656525103.75Ⅱ2
MH55-1900020205822−55.50Ⅲ
MH55-20011687021910.25Ⅱ2
), ArticleFig(id=1307087294767325799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩干酪根显微组分测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
腐泥组
(%)
壳质组(%)镜质组(%)惰质组(%)类型
孢粉体角质体腐殖无定形体小计正常镜质体丝质体类型指数类型
MH55-100035355411−34.00Ⅲ
MH55-200034345511−35.25Ⅲ
MH55-300034345214−36.00Ⅲ
MH55-400050503515−16.25Ⅲ
MH55-500055553015−10.00Ⅲ
MH55-600034345511−35.25Ⅲ
MH55-700016165727−61.75Ⅲ
MH55-800020205327−56.75Ⅲ
MH55-900059592813−4.50Ⅲ
MH55-1000057572914−7.25Ⅲ
MH55-1100020205129−57.25Ⅲ
MH55-1200058582814−6.00Ⅲ
MH55-1300057572914−7.25Ⅲ
MH55-14000757518717.00Ⅱ2
MH55-1500034345511−35.25Ⅲ
MH55-1600024245818−49.50Ⅲ
MH55-1700027275320−46.25Ⅲ
MH55-18000656525103.75Ⅱ2
MH55-1900020205822−55.50Ⅲ
MH55-20011687021910.25Ⅱ2
), ArticleFig(id=1307087294838628968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Major element (%), trace element, and rare earth element concentrations (10−6) in Carboniferous dark mudstones from Well MH55

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
MH55-1MH55-2MH55-3MH55-4MH55-5MH55-6MH55-7MH55-8MH55-9MH55-10MH55-11MH55-12MH55-13MH55-14MH55-15MH55-16MH55-17MH55-18MH55-19MH55-20
SiO257.8260.2058.9359.7962.0958.6862.3253.5161.0558.2659.2259.2559.2161.7859.8459.4061.7065.7557.8662.29
Al2O315.8015.7716.0317.0016.9217.8716.9714.8616.6216.4816.0116.6417.1615.3116.9017.6516.8513.7917.9115.64
TFe2O37.116.786.576.725.276.394.485.725.726.817.636.916.495.724.814.883.884.525.785.47
MgO3.763.543.383.373.153.692.796.403.203.683.683.633.623.233.073.082.482.844.153.25
CaO2.861.982.902.361.852.662.584.552.062.342.101.961.882.603.062.973.002.532.962.01
Na2O0.580.710.901.821.092.271.661.211.381.191.591.561.571.372.342.372.460.972.581.23
K2O3.924.043.863.013.372.493.204.093.533.692.963.123.172.992.892.832.882.822.273.01
MnO0.120.100.110.110.070.140.080.070.090.110.120.110.110.100.090.090.070.080.120.08
P2O50.180.180.220.160.170.170.170.130.160.180.190.190.170.190.160.150.160.320.160.17
TiO20.870.900.870.770.790.660.690.700.780.870.790.820.860.800.820.770.840.720.660.80
LOI6.915.736.164.815.174.874.988.685.356.315.625.725.675.845.915.695.575.595.415.98
Li31.5730.0930.5825.5125.7230.9126.1298.4825.0227.7130.3329.8732.0232.0128.1025.5822.0827.6835.0927.72
Be1.701.631.671.431.761.331.571.381.561.561.461.401.571.521.591.441.481.591.231.77
Sc18.6717.8118.1333.0117.4526.6415.9529.5125.3123.2917.6017.8417.7616.9117.5522.7921.2728.3927.9733.23
V131.80134.00133.70103.30105.8084.3291.60111.80109.70126.40107.30121.20118.10107.20102.70102.1099.02109.1086.30108.40
Co15.4719.1316.0013.7227.8522.409.6818.9711.8216.4818.4514.9620.3918.4312.6213.1010.2418.1113.6218.46
Ni82.4982.4871.1550.8265.9290.3448.25120.1052.4666.4584.7667.3476.8578.0258.3660.8849.5561.56110.4057.92
Cu55.0057.9859.1244.5339.4037.6348.8136.7651.1052.7146.2350.2950.5844.8855.7656.1855.9343.8236.2640.53
Zn98.8986.2692.08102.7074.6796.0870.3281.8991.35105.20111.10106.2094.6481.6278.5584.3665.0072.3180.6080.78
Ga23.8023.0022.5921.4122.4720.0820.1518.5021.1023.2920.9321.4721.5820.6820.3520.8819.8920.0918.7120.90
Rb100.4099.0494.5577.8898.6255.3679.6967.9388.6191.9071.5876.8280.0273.8567.5565.4464.4573.6446.4472.84
Sr75.3873.9098.26165.11115.87361.74240.43149.78140.43104.36160.76158.91147.93137.93287.50346.52287.72109.02484.46115.22
Zr211.80214.70207.00192.20201.40166.20181.50153.10203.10204.70191.70196.70201.10186.10195.10208.30231.60193.30177.60205.90
Nb8.628.488.397.078.206.477.226.858.118.137.868.068.638.107.887.628.767.336.657.69
Mo0.411.483.560.410.660.420.301.040.380.626.352.510.530.480.440.630.690.830.671.28
In0.100.110.110.070.100.060.080.070.080.090.070.080.100.080.080.070.070.070.050.08
Cs5.825.875.714.025.762.724.872.854.564.893.533.894.854.413.913.283.253.822.373.85
Ba326.40321.30344.20238.20364.10388.60471.50250.80245.90216.20268.50270.20425.50373.50515.80390.30354.70190.50538.90195.90
Hf6.636.516.385.856.155.155.355.436.146.545.736.056.175.715.866.346.825.915.436.29
Ta0.540.540.530.580.510.630.490.591.220.730.540.500.550.510.521.001.051.531.542.49
W0.951.030.910.840.940.650.692.241.271.060.900.960.910.851.101.000.611.100.560.62
Tl0.420.440.410.240.640.190.400.130.270.270.350.270.400.360.380.240.200.250.160.21
Pb8.849.9011.4912.2421.4813.6311.926.847.287.9017.8811.1015.4711.3015.3817.8410.9810.9113.427.74
Bi0.290.360.310.170.360.170.240.160.180.250.220.210.370.310.390.240.180.180.190.18
Th5.965.935.905.446.244.685.443.435.936.305.696.136.465.146.276.296.475.144.865.29
U1.621.762.111.261.261.261.361.151.481.651.851.781.861.591.731.662.022.141.501.86
Cr46.8044.2748.1350.1443.7678.8244.13118.6044.5856.3956.9153.8654.0951.6666.5465.2665.8135.21116.6040.02
Y31.2231.0331.2726.2528.5725.1228.7022.9127.0427.5627.4827.7627.7227.3129.2827.2931.5830.5224.2527.70
La23.2518.4120.8120.2319.1721.6117.1918.9120.2424.8820.9124.2822.8719.5621.2820.8721.9817.7225.6114.31
Ce48.1142.1547.0742.4041.6645.2439.4940.0342.7251.6445.2050.3448.7343.7744.7442.7845.2140.9952.9335.39
Pr6.195.556.185.725.525.945.315.355.686.646.036.576.165.765.945.786.196.096.195.15
Nd25.0123.4925.7923.1922.4923.4322.3221.8123.0426.2824.4126.4824.7823.2324.2423.7425.8226.7924.3722.00
Sm5.605.695.995.215.235.145.064.805.185.855.505.755.605.145.595.426.105.915.175.05
Eu1.251.221.311.231.231.311.281.041.151.251.211.241.261.191.391.341.471.231.341.07
Gd4.564.354.614.004.204.034.113.784.104.514.314.514.404.154.374.334.764.584.153.88
Tb0.900.870.910.780.840.750.790.720.800.860.840.860.850.810.870.820.930.860.780.81
Dy5.615.695.804.905.214.615.014.465.015.375.175.305.305.105.435.175.795.444.675.05
Ho1.241.251.281.071.130.991.110.921.091.131.121.141.131.121.201.131.251.180.991.12
Er3.593.463.512.833.172.643.202.692.913.033.043.053.213.093.383.013.423.282.653.01
Tm0.560.560.570.460.510.420.510.390.480.500.500.500.510.490.520.490.550.540.420.51
Yb3.733.743.753.073.412.803.402.573.183.343.353.383.403.293.453.283.763.692.853.33
Lu0.610.610.600.500.550.460.540.400.520.530.540.540.550.530.550.520.600.600.450.52
), ArticleFig(id=1307087295023178345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086991858884727, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩主量(%)、微量及稀土元素(10−6)测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
MH55-1MH55-2MH55-3MH55-4MH55-5MH55-6MH55-7MH55-8MH55-9MH55-10MH55-11MH55-12MH55-13MH55-14MH55-15MH55-16MH55-17MH55-18MH55-19MH55-20
SiO257.8260.2058.9359.7962.0958.6862.3253.5161.0558.2659.2259.2559.2161.7859.8459.4061.7065.7557.8662.29
Al2O315.8015.7716.0317.0016.9217.8716.9714.8616.6216.4816.0116.6417.1615.3116.9017.6516.8513.7917.9115.64
TFe2O37.116.786.576.725.276.394.485.725.726.817.636.916.495.724.814.883.884.525.785.47
MgO3.763.543.383.373.153.692.796.403.203.683.683.633.623.233.073.082.482.844.153.25
CaO2.861.982.902.361.852.662.584.552.062.342.101.961.882.603.062.973.002.532.962.01
Na2O0.580.710.901.821.092.271.661.211.381.191.591.561.571.372.342.372.460.972.581.23
K2O3.924.043.863.013.372.493.204.093.533.692.963.123.172.992.892.832.882.822.273.01
MnO0.120.100.110.110.070.140.080.070.090.110.120.110.110.100.090.090.070.080.120.08
P2O50.180.180.220.160.170.170.170.130.160.180.190.190.170.190.160.150.160.320.160.17
TiO20.870.900.870.770.790.660.690.700.780.870.790.820.860.800.820.770.840.720.660.80
LOI6.915.736.164.815.174.874.988.685.356.315.625.725.675.845.915.695.575.595.415.98
Li31.5730.0930.5825.5125.7230.9126.1298.4825.0227.7130.3329.8732.0232.0128.1025.5822.0827.6835.0927.72
Be1.701.631.671.431.761.331.571.381.561.561.461.401.571.521.591.441.481.591.231.77
Sc18.6717.8118.1333.0117.4526.6415.9529.5125.3123.2917.6017.8417.7616.9117.5522.7921.2728.3927.9733.23
V131.80134.00133.70103.30105.8084.3291.60111.80109.70126.40107.30121.20118.10107.20102.70102.1099.02109.1086.30108.40
Co15.4719.1316.0013.7227.8522.409.6818.9711.8216.4818.4514.9620.3918.4312.6213.1010.2418.1113.6218.46
Ni82.4982.4871.1550.8265.9290.3448.25120.1052.4666.4584.7667.3476.8578.0258.3660.8849.5561.56110.4057.92
Cu55.0057.9859.1244.5339.4037.6348.8136.7651.1052.7146.2350.2950.5844.8855.7656.1855.9343.8236.2640.53
Zn98.8986.2692.08102.7074.6796.0870.3281.8991.35105.20111.10106.2094.6481.6278.5584.3665.0072.3180.6080.78
Ga23.8023.0022.5921.4122.4720.0820.1518.5021.1023.2920.9321.4721.5820.6820.3520.8819.8920.0918.7120.90
Rb100.4099.0494.5577.8898.6255.3679.6967.9388.6191.9071.5876.8280.0273.8567.5565.4464.4573.6446.4472.84
Sr75.3873.9098.26165.11115.87361.74240.43149.78140.43104.36160.76158.91147.93137.93287.50346.52287.72109.02484.46115.22
Zr211.80214.70207.00192.20201.40166.20181.50153.10203.10204.70191.70196.70201.10186.10195.10208.30231.60193.30177.60205.90
Nb8.628.488.397.078.206.477.226.858.118.137.868.068.638.107.887.628.767.336.657.69
Mo0.411.483.560.410.660.420.301.040.380.626.352.510.530.480.440.630.690.830.671.28
In0.100.110.110.070.100.060.080.070.080.090.070.080.100.080.080.070.070.070.050.08
Cs5.825.875.714.025.762.724.872.854.564.893.533.894.854.413.913.283.253.822.373.85
Ba326.40321.30344.20238.20364.10388.60471.50250.80245.90216.20268.50270.20425.50373.50515.80390.30354.70190.50538.90195.90
Hf6.636.516.385.856.155.155.355.436.146.545.736.056.175.715.866.346.825.915.436.29
Ta0.540.540.530.580.510.630.490.591.220.730.540.500.550.510.521.001.051.531.542.49
W0.951.030.910.840.940.650.692.241.271.060.900.960.910.851.101.000.611.100.560.62
Tl0.420.440.410.240.640.190.400.130.270.270.350.270.400.360.380.240.200.250.160.21
Pb8.849.9011.4912.2421.4813.6311.926.847.287.9017.8811.1015.4711.3015.3817.8410.9810.9113.427.74
Bi0.290.360.310.170.360.170.240.160.180.250.220.210.370.310.390.240.180.180.190.18
Th5.965.935.905.446.244.685.443.435.936.305.696.136.465.146.276.296.475.144.865.29
U1.621.762.111.261.261.261.361.151.481.651.851.781.861.591.731.662.022.141.501.86
Cr46.8044.2748.1350.1443.7678.8244.13118.6044.5856.3956.9153.8654.0951.6666.5465.2665.8135.21116.6040.02
Y31.2231.0331.2726.2528.5725.1228.7022.9127.0427.5627.4827.7627.7227.3129.2827.2931.5830.5224.2527.70
La23.2518.4120.8120.2319.1721.6117.1918.9120.2424.8820.9124.2822.8719.5621.2820.8721.9817.7225.6114.31
Ce48.1142.1547.0742.4041.6645.2439.4940.0342.7251.6445.2050.3448.7343.7744.7442.7845.2140.9952.9335.39
Pr6.195.556.185.725.525.945.315.355.686.646.036.576.165.765.945.786.196.096.195.15
Nd25.0123.4925.7923.1922.4923.4322.3221.8123.0426.2824.4126.4824.7823.2324.2423.7425.8226.7924.3722.00
Sm5.605.695.995.215.235.145.064.805.185.855.505.755.605.145.595.426.105.915.175.05
Eu1.251.221.311.231.231.311.281.041.151.251.211.241.261.191.391.341.471.231.341.07
Gd4.564.354.614.004.204.034.113.784.104.514.314.514.404.154.374.334.764.584.153.88
Tb0.900.870.910.780.840.750.790.720.800.860.840.860.850.810.870.820.930.860.780.81
Dy5.615.695.804.905.214.615.014.465.015.375.175.305.305.105.435.175.795.444.675.05
Ho1.241.251.281.071.130.991.110.921.091.131.121.141.131.121.201.131.251.180.991.12
Er3.593.463.512.833.172.643.202.692.913.033.043.053.213.093.383.013.423.282.653.01
Tm0.560.560.570.460.510.420.510.390.480.500.500.500.510.490.520.490.550.540.420.51
Yb3.733.743.753.073.412.803.402.573.183.343.353.383.403.293.453.283.763.692.853.33
Lu0.610.610.600.500.550.460.540.400.520.530.540.540.550.530.550.520.600.600.450.52
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准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义
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王霞田 1 , 韩杨 1 , 王韬 1 , 郑孟林 1 , 张龙 2 , 李海 2 , 张少华 2, *
西北地质 | 非主题 2026,59(2): 236-248
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西北地质 |非主题 2026 , 59 (2) : 236 -248
准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义
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王霞田1 , 韩杨1, 王韬1, 郑孟林1, 张龙2, 李海2, 张少华2, *
作者信息
  • 1中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 2陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710065
通讯作者:
张少华(1990−),男,副教授,主要从事构造过程及其资源环境效应、油气地质与勘探等领域的教学研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

王霞田(1982−),女,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质勘探方面的科研工作。E−mail:

Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Carboniferous Dark Shales from Well MH55 in the Northwestern Junggar Basin
Xiatian WANG1 , Yang HAN1, Tao WANG1, Menglin ZHENG1, Long ZHANG2, Hai LI2, Shaohua ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
  • 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025092
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准噶尔盆地西北缘石炭系是深层油气勘探的重要层系,其烃源岩特征及形成背景备受关注。笔者以玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩为研究对象,通过系统采样与有机–无机地球化学分析,探讨了其烃源潜力、古沉积环境及有机质富集机制。结果表明,玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩有机质含量中等,干酪根类型以Ⅲ型为主,热演化程度较高、波动大,与断裂活动的摩擦生热效应有关,总体属于差–中等烃源岩。暗色泥岩沉积于半咸水–咸水的海陆过渡相环境,伴随贫氧水体条件及温暖湿润与寒冷干旱交替的振荡气候背景。有机质富集主要受控于陆源物质输入和贫氧环境,陆源输入提供了有机质来源,而贫氧环境有效降低了有机质氧化分解速率。相比之下,古生产力对有机质富集的贡献较为有限,与沉积期水体中营养元素的不足及陆源输入的稀释作用有关。

石炭系  /  烃源潜力  /  古环境条件  /  有机质富集  /  准噶尔盆地

The Carboniferous strata in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin represent an important target for deep hydrocarbon exploration, with the characteristics and formation background of source rocks attracting significant attention. This study focuses on the dark mudstones of the Carboniferous strata in Well MH55, utilizing systematic sampling and organic-inorganic geochemical analyses to investigate their hydrocarbon potential, paleo-depositional environment, and organic matter enrichment mechanisms. The results reveal that the organic matter content in the dark mudstones of Well MH55 is moderate, dominated by Type Ⅲ kerogen. The source rocks exhibit a high degree of thermal maturity with significant fluctuations, likely influenced by frictional heating associated with fault activity, and are overall classified as poor-to-moderate source rocks. The mudstones were deposited in a brackish-to-saline transitional environment characterized by dysoxic water conditions and oscillating climatic shifts between warm-humid and cold-arid periods. Organic matter enrichment was primarily controlled by terrigenous input and dysoxic conditions. Terrigenous input provided the primary source of organic matter, while dysoxic conditions effectively reduced organic matter oxidation and decomposition rates. In contrast, the contribution of paleo-productivity was relatively limited, which may be attributed to insufficient nutrient availability in the water column and dilution effects from terrigenous material input during deposition.

Carboniferous  /  hydrocarbon generation potential  /  paleoenvironmental condition  /  organic matter accumulation  /  Junggar Basin
王霞田, 韩杨, 王韬, 郑孟林, 张龙, 李海, 张少华. 准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (2) : 236 -248 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025092
Xiatian WANG, Yang HAN, Tao WANG, Menglin ZHENG, Long ZHANG, Hai LI, Shaohua ZHANG. Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Carboniferous Dark Shales from Well MH55 in the Northwestern Junggar Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (2) : 236 -248 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025092
准噶尔盆地石炭系是深层油气勘探的重要目标层系,随着五彩湾气田、石西油田和克拉美丽气田等石炭系油气田的陆续发现,近年来其勘探潜力备受关注(何文军等,2019;阿布力米提·依明等,2024; Tang et al.,2024)。石炭纪是准噶尔盆地由洋向陆转化的关键时期,其构造环境复杂、沉积类型多样(Niu et al.,2018;郑孟林等,2019;Gong et al.,2024;Hou et al.,2024)。准噶尔盆地早石炭世主要发育海相沉积,晚石炭世则以海陆交互相沉积与火山岩建造为主,这种复杂多变的构造沉积环境导致石炭系烃源岩类型多样、时空分布不均(郑孟林等,2019;王圣柱等,2020;熊伟等,2023;Chen et al.,2023,2024)。
研究表明,准噶尔盆地石炭系烃源岩的发育主要受控于古构造沉积背景,不同环境形成的烃源岩在地球化学特征与生烃潜力上差异显著(曲彦胜,2020;王圣柱等,2020;肖伟等,2021;Chen et al.,2023, 2024)。部分学者提出石炭纪弧后盆地和弧内盆地背景下的烃源岩通常具有较高的有机质丰度和生烃能力,是深层油气的重要来源(王圣柱等,2020;熊伟等,2023)。然而,已有研究多集中于盆地东北缘、西部和南缘地区,对西北缘石炭系烃源岩的发育特征关注较少(蒋中发等,2023;Chen et al.,2023,2024;崔炳富等,2024;龚德瑜等,2024)。尽管盆地西北缘因其独特的构造位置和演化历史被认为具有石炭系烃源岩的发育潜力,但研究表明该区大部分石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度较低、类型较差,仅中拐地区局部显示较高的有机碳含量(郑孟林等,2019)。因此,进一步探讨西北缘石炭系烃源岩的发育特征及主控因素显得尤为重要。
近期,准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖55井在石炭系钻遇了一套暗色泥岩,为探讨西北缘石炭系烃源岩发育特征与形成机制提供了切入点。笔者通过对玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩取心段系统采样,开展有机地球化学和无机地球化学分析,重点探讨其烃源潜力、古沉积环境条件及有机质富集机制,以期为准噶尔盆地西北缘石炭系烃源岩的评价及预测提供科学依据,并为深层油气资源潜力的勘探部署提供有力支撑。
准噶尔盆地位于新疆维吾尔自治区北部,是被阿尔泰–卡拉麦里山、扎依尔–哈拉阿拉特山和伊林黑比尔根–博格达山所围限的大型叠合含油气盆地(Carroll et al.,1992;唐勇等,2022;何文军等,2023;赵飞等,2024;张新远等,2024),大地构造位置处于古亚洲构造域的腹部,其古生代的演化与古亚洲洋的俯冲消减密切相关(Wilhem et al.,2012;Zhang et al.,2019;郑孟林等,2019;Gong et al.,2024;Hou et al.,2024)。基于石炭系顶面的隆坳格局,盆地可划分为中央坳陷、陆梁隆起、乌伦古坳陷、东部隆起、南缘冲断带、西部隆起及红岩断阶带7个一级构造单元(郑孟林等,2019;Bai et al.,2022)。玛湖55井位于西部隆起克百断裂带下盘,邻近中央坳陷玛湖凹陷(图1)。克百断裂带呈NNE走向,是盆地西北缘冲断带的中段,其南邻红车断裂带,北接乌夏断裂带,其形成演化主要受控于华力西期—印支期西准噶尔造山带强烈的逆冲推覆作用(Wang et al.,2018;Gillespie et al.,2020;唐勇等,2022;潘虹等,2024)。
玛湖55井自上而下依次钻遇白垩系吐谷鲁群,侏罗系头屯河组、西山窑组、三工河组、八道湾组,三叠系白碱滩组、克拉玛依组、百口泉组,二叠系上乌尔禾组、风城组、佳木河组,以及石炭系(图2)。玛湖55井全井取心4筒,其中二叠系佳木河组取心1筒,石炭系取心3筒。第3筒心(深度为 5293.61~5301.97 m)为烃源岩分析取心(图2),岩性以绿灰色和深灰色泥岩为主,夹灰色细砂岩及泥质细砂岩,岩石较致密,上部裂缝、微细裂缝较发育,局部见擦痕。
为研究玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩的烃源潜力、古环境条件、有机质富集机制,在该井5293.61~5301.97 m取心段共采集20件泥岩样品,开展总有机碳(TOC)与总硫(TS)含量、岩石热解、干酪根分离与镜鉴、镜质体反射率(Ro)、全岩主微量及稀土元素测试。
所有测试均在廊坊市诚信地质服务有限公司完成。TOC和TS含量采用CS230碳硫分析仪,通过高温氧气流燃烧样品,利用红外检测器测定。岩石热解使用Rock-EVAL 6热解仪,测定样品升温过程中释放的产物,进而获得评价其生烃潜力相关参数。干酪根分离及鉴定使用酸溶与重液分离法获得高纯度干酪根,并通过荧光显微镜分析其形态、结构及显微组分特征,统计其相对含量以划分有机质类型。Ro测定采用显微光度计,按照行业标准(SY/T 5124—2014)校准仪器数据,推测烃源岩成熟度。主量元素测试利用XRF法测定SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3等含量;微量及稀土元素测试采用ICP-MS法,样品经酸消解制备成溶液后,通过质谱仪进行高精度检测。
玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品TOC含量为0.25%~1.26%,平均为0.61%;TS含量为0~0.94%,平均为0.16%(表1、表2)。岩石热解获得的游离烃(S1)含量为0.03~0.09 mg/g,平均为0.05 mg/g;热解烃(S2)含量为0.04~0.42 mg/g,平均为0.14 mg/g;生烃潜量(S1+S2)为0.07~0.52 mg/g,平均为0.19 mg/g;热解峰温(Tmax)为463~561 ℃,平均为509 ℃;氢指数(HI)为12.50~41.94 mg/g,平均为23.68 mg/g。镜质体反射率(Ro)变化范围较大,介于1.49%~2.07%,平均为1.87%。干酪根显微组分鉴定结果显示,所有样品的腐泥组含量均为0%;壳质组含量为16%~75%,平均为42.2%,主要为腐殖无定形体;镜质组含量为18%~58%,平均为42.2%;惰质组含量为7%~29%,平均为15.6%;类型指数为−61.75~17.00。
玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品的SiO2含量最高,介于53.51%~65.75%,平均为59.95%;其次为Al2O3,介于13.79%~17.91%,平均为16.41%;Fe2O3(含FeO)含量为3.88%~7.63%,MgO含量为48%~6.40%,CaO含量为1.85%~4.55%,Na2O含量为0.58%~2.58%,K2O含量为2.27%~4.09%,MnO、P2O5和TiO2含量均小于1%(表3)。与上地壳沉积物微量元素丰度相比,暗色泥岩的元素V、Ni、Yb、Ti、Sc相对富集,元素Ba、Ta、Nb、La、Ce、Th相对亏损(图3a)。暗色泥岩的稀土元素总含量(ΣREE)为101.20×10–6~135.81×10–6,平均为120.90×10–6;暗色泥岩的稀土元素整体特征与上地壳基本一致,表现为明显的右倾,呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特点(图3b)。
暗色泥岩有机质丰度是衡量生烃潜力的重要指标(Silva et al.,2017;Zhang et al.,2018;王圣柱等,2020;崔炳富等,2024)。玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩TOC含量为0.25%~1.26%,指示有机质含量存在较大非均质性。其中,TOC含量低于0.5%的样品占总样品量的22.7%,显示这些样品有机质贫乏,生烃潜力较低;TOC含量为0.5%~1%的样品占总样品量的54.5%,显示这些样品有机质含量中等,具有中等的生烃潜力;TOC含量高于1%的样品占总样品量的22.7%,显示这些样品有机质相对丰富,生烃潜力较高。玛湖55井的暗色泥岩以有机质中等含量的样品为主,仅少数样品有机质含量较高,表明这些烃源岩具备一定的生烃潜力。然而,在TOC含量与S2交汇图上,暗色泥岩样品主要落入差以及中等烃源岩区域(图4a)。
暗色泥岩的元素组成、热解参数和干酪根显微组分是评估有机质类型的重要数据(Carroll et al.,1992;Silva et al.,2017;崔炳富等,2024)。一般地,Van Krevelen图(即H/C与O/C的关系)或Tmax与氢指数(HI)的关系图可用于评估有机质类型,但当有机质过成熟时,这些图表的有效性较低。鉴于石炭系暗色泥岩的高热成熟度、高Tmax值和相对较低的HI值,这些指标不适合区分有机质类型。因此,干酪根显微组分是厘清暗色泥岩有机质类型的重要资料(图4b):所有样品的腐泥组含量均为0%,表明玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品缺乏富氢的腐泥有机质;壳质组含量为16%~75%(均值为42.2%),指示样品中含有较多氢含量较高的显微组分;镜质组含量为18%~58%(均值为42.2%),惰质组含量为7%~29%(均值为15.6%),指示样品中含有大量来自高等植物木质部分的组分,其生烃潜力相对较低,且以形成气态烃为主。此外,暗色泥岩显微组分类型指数(TI)为−62~17,大多数样品的TI值为负数或接近零,进一步表明这些样品中惰性有机质含量较高,有机质类型主要为Ⅲ型干酪根。综上所述,玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,具备较强的生气潜力,部分样品含有一定量的Ⅱ型干酪根,具备有限的生油潜力。
镜质体反射率(Ro)和热解峰温(Tmax)是评价烃源岩热演化程度的重要指标(Chen et al.,2023;崔炳富等,2024)。玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品的(Ro)介于1.49%~2.07%,平均为1.87%,指示样品具有较高的热演化程度,已进入高成熟演化阶段。与Ro值相一致,样品热解数据中的Tmax值普遍较高(平均为509 ℃),且在Ⅲ型干酪根的Ro与Tmax值交汇图上(图4c),样品全部落入处于湿气生成阶段,进一步印证了其高热演化特征。值得注意的是,玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品的Ro和Tmax值在较小的深度范围内变化较大,且没有表现出随深度增加的特征。考虑到岩心发育擦痕以及裂缝,笔者认为这种异常的热演化特征可能受深埋加热与断裂活动摩擦生热的共同影响。
沉积物的地球化学特性包含着古沉积环境条件的重要信息(Rimmer.,2004;Zhang et al.,2018;王圣柱等,2020)。已有研究表明,海相环境盐度高、硫来源丰富,沉积物TS含量通常较高;与之相反,湖相环境水体盐度低、硫来源有限,沉积物中TS含量通常较低(Hatem et al.,2016)。此外,不同盐度环境形成的沉积物Sr含量显著差异,而Ba含量变化较小(Doner et al.,2019)。因而,TOC与TS含量交汇图以及Sr与Ba含量交汇图均是判识古水体盐度的有效手段。玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品的TOC与TS含量交汇图中(图5a),大多样品落入海相环境区域,少量样品落入湖相环境区域;在Sr与Ba含量交汇图中(图5b),样品主要落入半咸水–咸水环境区域。样品的有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,主要源于高等植物木质部分,笔者认为玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩沉积于海陆过渡相的半咸水–咸水环境。
沉积物的元素组成记录了古气候演化的关键信息(Zhang et al.,2018;Bai et al.,2022)。研究显示,温暖湿润气候的条件下,化学风化作用较强,Ga相对于Rb、Cu相对于Sr、Al2O3相对于K2O更为稳定,Rb和K2O易于淋失、Sr易于溶解;与之不同,寒冷干旱环境下,物理风化作用较强、化学风化作用较弱,Rb和K2O的淋失作用减弱、元素Sr则易于沉淀(Doner et al.,2019)。因此,Ga/Rb、Sr/Cu和K2O/Al2O3等相对比值成为示踪古气候演化的重要指标。高Ga/Rb值(> 0.25)指示温暖湿润背景下的强烈化学风化作用,而低Ga/Rb值(< 0.25)指示干燥寒冷背景下的有限风化作用;Sr/Cu值介于1.3~5.0指示湿润环境,而Sr/Cu值大于5.0则反映干旱环境;低K2O/Al2O3值指示湿润环境,而高K2O/Al2O3值则代表干旱环境。在Ga/Rb与K2O/Al2O3交汇图以及Sr/Cu与Ga/Rb交汇图中,玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品在温暖潮湿与寒冷干旱区均有分布(图6),指示其沉积于寒冷干旱与温暖潮湿交替出现的振荡气候背景。该气候背景中的寒冷干旱阶段可能与晚古生代大冰期有关,而温暖潮湿阶段则可能与同沉积期的幕式火山活动所引发的温室效应有关(Zhang et al.,2023;Gong et al.,2024)。
氧化还原敏感元素是指沉积物中含量受水体氧化还原状态变化的微量元素(Rimmer.,2004;Zhang et al.,2018)。例如,还原条件下沉积物中V通常较为富集,而氧化条件下Cr的富集则较为显著;U在还原条件下较为富集,而Th则在氧化条件下富集;在还原条件下Ni通常富集,而在氧化条件下Co相对富集(Rimmer.,2004;Algeo et al.,2020)。因此,V/Cr、U/Th和Ni/Co值常被用于评价沉积物的古氧化还原条件。在V/Cr与U/Th交汇图、Ni/Co与V/Cr交汇图中,玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品主要落入贫氧区,指示该套泥岩沉积于贫氧的水体环境(图7)。
暗色泥岩的有机质富集机理对于寻找优质烃源岩、评价层系油气远景意义重大,其主要受古生产力、保存条件、陆源物质输入等多重因素控制(Bohacs et al.,2005;Doner et al.,2019;Zhang et al.,2021)。
玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品的地化分析结果显示,其有机质类型以陆源输入的Ⅲ型干酪根为主,主体来源于高等植物的木质素和纤维素。元素Zr和Ti的含量通常被用作陆源物质输入的代理指标(Bai et al.,2022),相关分析显示样品的TOC含量与Zr、Ti含量表现出明显的正相关性(图8a、图8b)。这种正相关性指示陆源物质输入直接提供了大量有机质,且可能通过输入细粒黏土颗粒提高了沉积物的保存效应,即黏土颗粒能够有效吸附有机质,并通过快速埋藏减少有机质的氧化分解。尽管过强的陆源物质输入通常被认为会稀释有机质,然而本研究中陆源物质输入是促进暗色泥岩有机质富集的重要因素。
沉积岩的古氧化还原条件对于有机质的保存影响显著(Bohacs et al.,2005)。玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品的TOC含量与氧化还原敏感指标(U/Th、V/(V+Ni))相关性分析,呈现出较强的正相关性(图8c、图8d),表明还原环境促进了有机质的保存,其原因在于还原环境下有机质的氧化分解速率显著降低,从而提高了有机质的保存效率与富集。这一认识与前文玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品沉积于贫氧环境的认识相契合。
水体的古生产力是影响有机质富集的关键因素(Bohacs et al.,2005)。元素P是水生生物重要的营养元素,而沉积物中重晶石的形成与古生产力关系密切,因而P/Ti和Ba/Al的比值常被用作古生产力的代理指标(Bohacs et al.,2005;Bai et al.,2022)。然而相关分析显示,玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩样品的TOC含量与古生产力指标(P/Ti、Ba/Al)相关性不显著(图8e、图8f),表明古生产力并非该区有机质富集的主要因素。其原因可能在于古水体中的营养元素不富集,且较强的陆源物质输入稀释了原生水生生物形成的有机质,从而削弱了古生产力指标与TOC的相关性。
(1)玛湖55井石炭系暗色泥岩具有一定的生烃潜力,其TOC含量为0.25%~1.26%(均值为0.61%),以中等有机质含量为主;干酪根类型主要为Ⅲ型,来源于陆源高等植物,具有较强的生气潜力,生油潜力较低;暗色泥岩已进入高成熟阶段,处于湿气生成阶段,样品热演化程度波动较大,可能受到断裂活动摩擦生热效应的影响。
(2)地球化学特征反映其沉积于半咸水–咸水环境,具有海陆过渡相的盐度特征;同沉积期水体贫氧,利于有机质保存;气候条件具有温暖湿润与寒冷干旱交替振荡的特征,可能与晚古生代大冰期以及同沉积期幕式火山活动导致的局部气候变化密切相关。
(3)有机质富集主要受陆源物质输入和贫氧环境的双重控制,陆源输入物质提供了有机质来源,贫氧环境则降低了有机质的氧化分解速率。相比之下,古生产力的贡献较为有限,这可能与古水体中营养元素贫乏及陆源输入物质的稀释作用有关。

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2026年第59卷第2期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025092
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
  • 修回日期:2025-05-23
  • 录用日期:2025-05-23
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    1中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    2陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710065

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张少华(1990−),男,副教授,主要从事构造过程及其资源环境效应、油气地质与勘探等领域的教学研究工作。E−mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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