Article(id=1307086343079744199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025185, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770134400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-04, revisedDate=1774886400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-31, acceptedDate=1774972800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-01, onlineDate=1789563268680, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1787155200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563268680, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563268680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563268680, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307086088166732376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='386', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563207904, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616196824, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=85, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307086344493224648, articleId=1307086343079744199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=An Integrated Machine Learning Model for Optimizing Mineral Exploration Targets and Its Application, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address insufficient multi-source data fusion, strong subjectivity, low quantification, and difficulty in uncertainty quantification in traditional mineral exploration target optimization methods, this study constructs a probabilistic decision-making model integrating Hybrid Improved Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (HI-FAHP), Monte Carlo simulation, and machine learning. The model aims to achieve systematic fusion of multi-source information and probabilistic expression of results, improving the scientific reliability of exploration risk assessment in the early exploration stage. Taking the Zushimiao polymetallic mining area in Luanchuan County, Henan Province, as a case study, a HI-FAHP system is established by combining improved AHP, principal component analysis, and fuzzy evaluation. Weights are objectively determined for geological indicators (ore-bearing strata, fault structures, intrusive rocks, geophysical anomalies) and geochemical indicators (four groups: Ag-Pb-Sb, Au-Mo-As-Bi, Cu-V-Zn, W). Monte Carlo simulation is introduced to randomly perturb membership degrees (perturbation coefficient 0.08, triangular distribution) and grade boundary values (uniform distribution), generating probability distributions and ranking probabilities for comprehensive membership degrees of each target area. Three machine learning models—Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost—are trained on 5,000 randomly generated score datasets based on HI-FAHP weights. XGBoost is selected via error analysis to invert geological and geochemical weights and calculate the mineralization potential index. Five prospecting target areas (Ⅰ–Ⅴ) are delineated. Monte Carlo simulation yields comprehensive membership rankings: Target Ⅰ (79.55)>Target Ⅳ (76.70)>Target Ⅱ (74.50)>Target Ⅲ (71.30)>Target Ⅴ (67.20). XGBoost shows the best fit (R2=0.90), with inverted weights of 0.25 for geological and 0.75 for geochemical features, and consistent mineralization potential index ranking. Engineering verification confirms that Target I exposes galena ore bodies, Target IV delineates copper ore bodies, while the other targets show weak mineralization, highly consistent with predictions. The HI-FAHP-Monte Carlo-machine learning integrated model achieves objective multi-source data fusion and uncertainty quantification. XGBoost effectively inverts physically meaningful feature weights. Verified by engineering results, the model is reliable and suitable for multi-source data integration and exploration risk assessment in the early exploration stage.

, authors=Yu SUN1, 2, Yingran LIU3, *, Jia HE1, 2, Jiantao FENG1, 2, Guangming ZHENG1, 2, Juan LUO1, 2, Qing ZHANG1, 2, Qiongbin PENG1, 2, authorsList=Yu SUN, Yingran LIU, Jia HE, Jiantao FENG, Guangming ZHENG, Juan LUO, Qing ZHANG, Qiongbin PENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yingran LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307086360498688786, articleId=1307086343079744199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=融合机器学习的找矿靶区优选模型研究与应用, columnId=1307086183687811481, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=人工智能在地质学领域的应用研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统找矿靶区优选方法多源信息融合不足、主观性强、定量化程度低及不确定性难量化等问题,构建融合改进模糊层次分析(HI-FAHP)、蒙特卡洛模拟与机器学习的概率化决策模型,实现多源信息系统融合与结果概率化表达,提升勘查初期找矿风险评估的科学性。以河南栾川祖师庙矿区为对象,综合改进AHP、主成分分析与模糊评价建立HI-FAHP体系,客观确定地质指标(赋矿地层、断裂构造、侵入岩、物探异常)与化探指标(Ag-Pb-Sb、Au-Mo-As-Bi、Cu-V-Zn、W)权重。引入蒙特卡洛模拟,对隶属度(扰动系数0.08,三角分布)与等级边界值(均匀分布)随机扰动,生成各靶区综合隶属度概率分布与排序概率。采用决策树、随机森林和XGBoost等3种模型,基于HI-FAHP权重生成5000组随机得分数据训练,优选XGBoost反演地质与化探权重,计算成矿潜力指数,模型圈定5个找矿靶区。蒙特卡洛模拟得综合隶属度排序:Ⅰ号(79.55)>Ⅳ号(76.70)>Ⅱ号(74.50)>Ⅲ号(71.30)>Ⅴ号(67.20)。XGBoost拟合最优(R2=0.90),反演权重:地质0.25,化探0.75,成矿潜力指数排序一致。工程验证:Ⅰ号靶区揭露方铅矿体,Ⅳ号靶区圈定铜矿体,其余靶区矿化弱,与预测高度吻合。 HI-FAHP–蒙特卡洛–机器学习融合模型实现了多源信息客观融合与不确定性量化,XGBoost可有效反演特征权重,经工程验证可靠,适用于勘查初期多源数据整合与找矿风险评估。

, authors=孙雨1, 2, 刘应然3, *, 何佳1, 2, 冯建涛1, 2, 郑广明1, 2, 罗娟1, 2, 张清1, 2, 彭琼斌1, 2, authorsList=孙雨, 刘应然, 何佳, 冯建涛, 郑广明, 罗娟, 张清, 彭琼斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘应然, authorNote=

孙雨(1989–),女,硕士,工程师,从事大数据找矿相关研究工作。E–mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘应然(1985–),男,博士,讲师,从事人工智能的工程应用相关研究工作。E–mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=PMJxsvR1+S18nvsjc3CGDw==, magXml=jeJrPQzARc4VMlcL2t763g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xi8qe0tVdY6xxUlMornQYg==, pdfFileSize=9540242, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=98oC+S3rM+QZNomnhSbdhA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JHhJHG7yfbQNvtgjzslKyA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307086495806944147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sunyu890612@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086495978910614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, authorId=1307086495806944147, language=EN, stringName=Yu SUN, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1The Fourth Geological Exploration Institute of Henan Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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孙雨(1989–),女,硕士,工程师,从事大数据找矿相关研究工作。E–mail:

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孙雨(1989–),女,硕士,工程师,从事大数据找矿相关研究工作。E–mail:

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Rotated orthogonal factor matrix

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元素F1F2F3F4元素F1F2F3F4
Au0.0870.5350.0880.088W0.0050.028−0.0260.945
Ag0.950−0.0260.0750.007Zn0.4140.1980.5520.143
Cu0.3020.2960.6820.010As0.0850.6780.269−0.290
Mo−0.0400.5850.2600.256Sb0.9300.1470.106−0.055
Pb0.9570.0920.0960.025Bi0.0770.826−0.116−0.062
V−0.086−0.0140.897−0.104
特征值2.9771.9291.7621.089
方差贡献率%27.06017.53316.0209.902
累计方差贡献率%27.06044.59360.61370.515
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正交旋转因子载荷矩阵

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元素F1F2F3F4元素F1F2F3F4
Au0.0870.5350.0880.088W0.0050.028−0.0260.945
Ag0.950−0.0260.0750.007Zn0.4140.1980.5520.143
Cu0.3020.2960.6820.010As0.0850.6780.269−0.290
Mo−0.0400.5850.2600.256Sb0.9300.1470.106−0.055
Pb0.9570.0920.0960.025Bi0.0770.826−0.116−0.062
V−0.086−0.0140.897−0.104
特征值2.9771.9291.7621.089
方差贡献率%27.06017.53316.0209.902
累计方差贡献率%27.06044.59360.61370.515
), ArticleFig(id=1307086512743543785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Secondary optimization target area model weight index in the Zushimiao mining area

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目标层准则层(一级指标)权重(λ1)因素层(二级指标)权重(λ2)决策层(三级指标)权重(λ3)
优选靶区(U)地质指标(U1)0.269赋矿地层(U11)0.105
断裂构造(U12)0.252
侵入岩(U13)0.173
物探异常(U14)0.470
土壤地球化测
量指标(U2)
0.731Ag-Pb-Sb(U21)Ag(U211)0.333
0.480Pb(U212)0.341
Sb (U213)0.326
Au-Mo-As-Bi(U22)Au(U221)0.151
0.234Mo(U222)0.217
As(U223)0.286
Bi(U224)0.346
Cu-V-ZnCu(U231)0.327
(U23)0.229V(U232)0.376
Zn(U233)0.297
W(U24)0.057W(U241)1.000
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祖师庙矿区优选靶区模型权重指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层准则层(一级指标)权重(λ1)因素层(二级指标)权重(λ2)决策层(三级指标)权重(λ3)
优选靶区(U)地质指标(U1)0.269赋矿地层(U11)0.105
断裂构造(U12)0.252
侵入岩(U13)0.173
物探异常(U14)0.470
土壤地球化测
量指标(U2)
0.731Ag-Pb-Sb(U21)Ag(U211)0.333
0.480Pb(U212)0.341
Sb (U213)0.326
Au-Mo-As-Bi(U22)Au(U221)0.151
0.234Mo(U222)0.217
As(U223)0.286
Bi(U224)0.346
Cu-V-ZnCu(U231)0.327
(U23)0.229V(U232)0.376
Zn(U233)0.297
W(U24)0.057W(U241)1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1307086512915510251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Scores of each indicator in the target area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
靶区号地层构造侵入岩物探异常AgPbSb
I号靶区95909595959090
II号靶区85858085959085
III号靶区80809075755080
IV号靶区90958590857580
V号靶区75757580507575
AuMoAsBiCuVZnW
5050705080857550
5050505050508050
5090855085805050
5085855085757550
5050505085505050
), ArticleFig(id=1307086512995202028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

靶区各指标得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
靶区号地层构造侵入岩物探异常AgPbSb
I号靶区95909595959090
II号靶区85858085959085
III号靶区80809075755080
IV号靶区90958590857580
V号靶区75757580507575
AuMoAsBiCuVZnW
5050705080857550
5050505050508050
5090855085805050
5085855085757550
5050505085505050
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513058116589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Geological indicators U1 score comment in I target area

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因素层评价得分V1V2V3V4
赋矿地层(U11)950.670.3300
断裂构造(U12)900.330.6700
侵入岩(U13)950.670.3300
物探异常(U14)950.670.3300
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513112642542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

I号靶区地质指标U1评语集得分

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因素层评价得分V1V2V3V4
赋矿地层(U11)950.670.3300
断裂构造(U12)900.330.6700
侵入岩(U13)950.670.3300
物探异常(U14)950.670.3300
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513167168495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The grade membership degree of the target area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级优良中差
隶属度B1B2B3B4
I号靶区0.3130.4230.0840.180
II号靶区0.1180.5200.0320.330
III号靶区0.0280.4230.2530.296
IV号靶区0.0960.5830.1930.128
V号靶区0.0000.2640.2940.442
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513225888753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

靶区的等级隶属度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级优良中差
隶属度B1B2B3B4
I号靶区0.3130.4230.0840.180
II号靶区0.1180.5200.0320.330
III号靶区0.0280.4230.2530.296
IV号靶区0.0960.5830.1930.128
V号靶区0.0000.2640.2940.442
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513318163442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Weight allocation of machine learning models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机器学习
方法
均方误差MSE平均绝对误差MAE均方根误差RMSE相关性系数 R2
决策树(DT)37.664.816.140.45
随机森林(RF)12.402.823.520.82
梯度提
升机(XGBoost)
6.812.092.610.90
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513406243827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

机器学习模型权重分配

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机器学习
方法
均方误差MSE平均绝对误差MAE均方根误差RMSE相关性系数 R2
决策树(DT)37.664.816.140.45
随机森林(RF)12.402.823.520.82
梯度提
升机(XGBoost)
6.812.092.610.90
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513473352692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation for the probability of mineralization in the target area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
靶区编号综合隶属度成矿潜力指数
Ⅰ号靶区79.5582.26
Ⅱ号靶区74.5074.48
Ⅲ号靶区71.3071.04
Ⅳ号靶区76.7078.83
Ⅴ号靶区67.2064.80
), ArticleFig(id=1307086513536267253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

靶区成矿概率综合评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
靶区编号综合隶属度成矿潜力指数
Ⅰ号靶区79.5582.26
Ⅱ号靶区74.5074.48
Ⅲ号靶区71.3071.04
Ⅳ号靶区76.7078.83
Ⅴ号靶区67.2064.80
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融合机器学习的找矿靶区优选模型研究与应用
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孙雨 1, 2 , 刘应然 3, * , 何佳 1, 2 , 冯建涛 1, 2 , 郑广明 1, 2 , 罗娟 1, 2 , 张清 1, 2 , 彭琼斌 1, 2
西北地质 | 人工智能在地质学领域的应用研究 2026,59(4): 85-97
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西北地质 |人工智能在地质学领域的应用研究 2026 , 59 (4) : 85 -97
融合机器学习的找矿靶区优选模型研究与应用
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2Henan Provinсiаl Engineering аnd Teсhnology Reseаrсh Centre for Smаll Diаmeter Drilling, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Chinа, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086496054408087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086343079744199, authorId=1307086495806944147, language=CN, stringName=孙雨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1河南省第四地质勘查院有限公司,河南 郑州 450001
2河南省小口径钻探工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450001, bio={"content":"

孙雨(1989–),女,硕士,工程师,从事大数据找矿相关研究工作。E–mail:

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孙雨(1989–),女,硕士,工程师,从事大数据找矿相关研究工作。E–mail:

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孙雨1, 2 , 刘应然3, * , 何佳1, 2, 冯建涛1, 2, 郑广明1, 2, 罗娟1, 2, 张清1, 2, 彭琼斌1, 2
作者信息
  • 1河南省第四地质勘查院有限公司,河南 郑州 450001
  • 2河南省小口径钻探工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450001
  • 3郑州工程技术学院土木工程学院,河南 郑州 450044
通讯作者:
刘应然(1985–),男,博士,讲师,从事人工智能的工程应用相关研究工作。E–mail:。
作者简介:

孙雨(1989–),女,硕士,工程师,从事大数据找矿相关研究工作。E–mail:

An Integrated Machine Learning Model for Optimizing Mineral Exploration Targets and Its Application
Yu SUN1, 2 , Yingran LIU3, * , Jia HE1, 2, Jiantao FENG1, 2, Guangming ZHENG1, 2, Juan LUO1, 2, Qing ZHANG1, 2, Qiongbin PENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1The Fourth Geological Exploration Institute of Henan Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
  • 2Henan Provinсiаl Engineering аnd Teсhnology Reseаrсh Centre for Smаll Diаmeter Drilling, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Chinа
  • 3School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
出版时间: 2026-08-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025185
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针对传统找矿靶区优选方法多源信息融合不足、主观性强、定量化程度低及不确定性难量化等问题,构建融合改进模糊层次分析(HI-FAHP)、蒙特卡洛模拟与机器学习的概率化决策模型,实现多源信息系统融合与结果概率化表达,提升勘查初期找矿风险评估的科学性。以河南栾川祖师庙矿区为对象,综合改进AHP、主成分分析与模糊评价建立HI-FAHP体系,客观确定地质指标(赋矿地层、断裂构造、侵入岩、物探异常)与化探指标(Ag-Pb-Sb、Au-Mo-As-Bi、Cu-V-Zn、W)权重。引入蒙特卡洛模拟,对隶属度(扰动系数0.08,三角分布)与等级边界值(均匀分布)随机扰动,生成各靶区综合隶属度概率分布与排序概率。采用决策树、随机森林和XGBoost等3种模型,基于HI-FAHP权重生成5000组随机得分数据训练,优选XGBoost反演地质与化探权重,计算成矿潜力指数,模型圈定5个找矿靶区。蒙特卡洛模拟得综合隶属度排序:Ⅰ号(79.55)>Ⅳ号(76.70)>Ⅱ号(74.50)>Ⅲ号(71.30)>Ⅴ号(67.20)。XGBoost拟合最优(R2=0.90),反演权重:地质0.25,化探0.75,成矿潜力指数排序一致。工程验证:Ⅰ号靶区揭露方铅矿体,Ⅳ号靶区圈定铜矿体,其余靶区矿化弱,与预测高度吻合。 HI-FAHP–蒙特卡洛–机器学习融合模型实现了多源信息客观融合与不确定性量化,XGBoost可有效反演特征权重,经工程验证可靠,适用于勘查初期多源数据整合与找矿风险评估。

找矿靶区优选  /  机器学习  /  模糊层次分析  /  蒙特卡洛模拟  /  信息融合  /  成矿潜力指数  /  栾川矿区

To address insufficient multi-source data fusion, strong subjectivity, low quantification, and difficulty in uncertainty quantification in traditional mineral exploration target optimization methods, this study constructs a probabilistic decision-making model integrating Hybrid Improved Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (HI-FAHP), Monte Carlo simulation, and machine learning. The model aims to achieve systematic fusion of multi-source information and probabilistic expression of results, improving the scientific reliability of exploration risk assessment in the early exploration stage. Taking the Zushimiao polymetallic mining area in Luanchuan County, Henan Province, as a case study, a HI-FAHP system is established by combining improved AHP, principal component analysis, and fuzzy evaluation. Weights are objectively determined for geological indicators (ore-bearing strata, fault structures, intrusive rocks, geophysical anomalies) and geochemical indicators (four groups: Ag-Pb-Sb, Au-Mo-As-Bi, Cu-V-Zn, W). Monte Carlo simulation is introduced to randomly perturb membership degrees (perturbation coefficient 0.08, triangular distribution) and grade boundary values (uniform distribution), generating probability distributions and ranking probabilities for comprehensive membership degrees of each target area. Three machine learning models—Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost—are trained on 5,000 randomly generated score datasets based on HI-FAHP weights. XGBoost is selected via error analysis to invert geological and geochemical weights and calculate the mineralization potential index. Five prospecting target areas (Ⅰ–Ⅴ) are delineated. Monte Carlo simulation yields comprehensive membership rankings: Target Ⅰ (79.55)>Target Ⅳ (76.70)>Target Ⅱ (74.50)>Target Ⅲ (71.30)>Target Ⅴ (67.20). XGBoost shows the best fit (R2=0.90), with inverted weights of 0.25 for geological and 0.75 for geochemical features, and consistent mineralization potential index ranking. Engineering verification confirms that Target I exposes galena ore bodies, Target IV delineates copper ore bodies, while the other targets show weak mineralization, highly consistent with predictions. The HI-FAHP-Monte Carlo-machine learning integrated model achieves objective multi-source data fusion and uncertainty quantification. XGBoost effectively inverts physically meaningful feature weights. Verified by engineering results, the model is reliable and suitable for multi-source data integration and exploration risk assessment in the early exploration stage.

optimization of mineral exploration target areas  /  machine learning  /  Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)  /  Monte Carlo simulation  /  information fusion  /  mineralization potential index  /  Luanchuan mining area
孙雨, 刘应然, 何佳, 冯建涛, 郑广明, 罗娟, 张清, 彭琼斌. 融合机器学习的找矿靶区优选模型研究与应用. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (4) : 85 -97 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025185
Yu SUN, Yingran LIU, Jia HE, Jiantao FENG, Guangming ZHENG, Juan LUO, Qing ZHANG, Qiongbin PENG. An Integrated Machine Learning Model for Optimizing Mineral Exploration Targets and Its Application[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (4) : 85 -97 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025185
多金属矿成矿过程具有多期叠加性、信息模糊性与空间异质性,使得找矿靶区优选面临多因素复杂耦合的挑战。传统定性经验法易受主观认知偏差影响,而基于单一地球化学指标的定量模型(如元素富集系数法、衬值累加法)往往难以有效融合构造、岩体等关键地质控矿要素(刘嘉情等,2023)。为支撑服务深部找矿工作的需求,构建一种能够综合地质–地球化学多源信息、定量化程度高且定位准确的靶区优选模型,已成为当前矿产勘查领域的核心难题。
近年来,找矿靶区定量评价研究已取得一定进展。例如,采用多元素富集系数累加法强化异常识别(陈海云等,2023);基于衬值累加模型建立找矿模式(赵志飞等,2020);结合地质大数据与主成分分析进行靶区优选(罗建民等,2019);利用Fuzzy Gamma算子融合遥感信息(王生礼等,2024);通过BEMD-PCA技术提取元素异常组分(李思睿,2022);构建奇异值分解–主成分分析组合模型以提升异常提取效率(郑澳月等,2025)。范素英(2017)在分析遥感地质解译要素、蚀变遥感异常与矿化关系的基础上,以中分遥感解译的线、环及蚀变遥感异常、侵入岩、赋矿地层及矿产分布信息为判断因子,利用层次分析法对冀北地区的多金属矿区建立找矿预测模型。然而,这些方法仍存在一定局限:①多数模型未充分整合构造、岩体等地质要素,难以真实反映控矿响应;②缺乏多层次评价框架,制约了地质与地球化学信息的协同优化,单纯只依靠层次分析法会造成信息损失;③人为偏差,对模糊性处理不足等问题。
机器学习方法为处理复杂地质因素耦合关系提供了数据驱动的决策工具(程希等,2023;王本栋等,2024;董赛娜等,2024;胡祥祥等,2025)。前人比较了多种机器学习方法在矿产远景划分中的性能(Rodriguez-Galiano et al.,2015),利用随机森林与最大熵模型开展矿产潜力预测(Zhang et al.,2019;郭广慧等,2023),基于半监督随机森林绘制成矿远景区(Wang et al.,2020)。然而,现有研究在多源信息融合的客观性与评价结果的不确定性量化方面仍显不足;机器学习多应用于区域尺度远景预测,针对具体矿区、融合传统地质模型实现靶区精确定位的研究尚属少见。
为此,笔者以河南省栾川祖师庙矿区为例,提出一种融合改进模糊层次分析法(Hybrid Improved Fuzzy AHP Model, HI-FAHP)、蒙特卡洛模拟与机器学习的找矿靶区概率化优选模型。通过改进AHP(层次分析法)与主成分分析结合确定权重,利用模糊评价计算隶属度,引入蒙特卡洛模拟量化参数不确定性,并集成决策树、随机森林与梯度提升机3种机器学习方法进行特征重要性评估与成矿概率预测,实现了地质–地球化学多源信息的系统融合与决策结果的概率化表达,以期为预查–普查阶段多源数据整合与找矿风险研判提供支撑。
河南省栾川地区位于华北陆块南缘,秦岭褶皱带北东端,是华北陆块南缘斑岩型多金属矿的重要聚集区,脉型铅锌矿在此广泛分布且控矿特征显著。近年来,陆续发现了一大批中–大型铅锌银矿床,如冷水地区(陈俊魁等,2021)、南泥湖(王耀升等,2018)、西沟(贾然等,2021)、中鱼库(胡昕凯等,2015)、大竹园沟(李万忠等,2019)、骆驼沟(云辉等,2020)、三道沟(唐利等,2014)等矿床。其中,南泥湖矿田已探明多处超大型钼(钨)矿床,中–大型多金属矿床(王宗永等,2015)。栾川祖师庙多金属矿区矿床类型是内生热液型。区内断裂发育,均为石庙断裂次级断裂,其中近EW向断裂控制着地层的展布,NE向小型断裂则与成矿关系密切(图1)。研究区位于卢氏–确山构造岩浆岩带,其中以新元古代、燕山期的岩浆活动最为强烈。区内出露的岩浆岩主要有新元古代绢英岩化正长斑岩、辉长(绿)岩、闪长岩,区内主要成矿岩体为辉长(绿)岩,主要含矿地层为新元古界栾川群。矿石矿物主要包括铜矿石和铅矿石。
物探异常数据来自于激电中梯剖面测量(AB距为1200~1600 m、点距为20 m)的结果数据,化探样品全部来自矿区野外土壤样,采样点点距为100 m×40 m,样品一般采自距地表20~80 cm土壤的B层下部或C层上部中细粒物,确保采取本地的基岩风化产物,没有风成沙或其他污染。野外采样采用多点采集组合样,按照测线方位在设计点位及前后8 m、16 m共5处分别采集样品进行组合,增加了采样密度,保证了样品的代表性。地球化学样品共采集3693件,分析Au、Ag、Cu、W、Mo、Pb、V、Zn、As、Sb、Bi共11种元素。Au、Ag采用石墨炉原子吸收法;Au 波长为242.8 nm, Ag波长为328.1 nm。Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo采用等离子体发射光谱法,采用四酸消解法(依次加入盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸);谱线值分别为Cu 324.7 nm、Pb 220.3 nm、Zn 213.8 nm、Mo 202.0 nm。W、V采用等离子体质谱法。As、Sb、Bi含量采用氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定。
大量的研究证实,对于热液成因的铅锌多金属矿床,地层岩性、侵入体类型、断裂构造性质等通常对矿化发育程度起着关键控制作用(钟世华等,2025a,2025b)。综合考虑以上影响成矿的因素,基于HI-FAHP建立指标权重计算方法,确定地质指标和化探指标为准则层,选取赋矿地形、断裂构造、侵入岩、物探异常等与找矿密切相关的地质因素作为地质二级指标(图2)。由于土壤地球化学检测数据因素多,数据庞大,因此通过PCA方法确定的主成分作为化探二级指标(邱宏蕊等,2023),权重为Uij。通过最大方差法进行正交旋转,旋转结果中各元素的最大值作为化探三级指标,权重为Uijk。
优选靶区模型分为目标层U、准则层(一级指标Ui)、因素层(二级指标Uij)和决策层(三级指标Uijk)四个层次。判断矩阵是表示本层所有因子对上一层某一个因子相对重要性的比较(赵志飞等,2020),即从矩阵的第二层开始运用标度法对从属于上一层中每个要素的同层各要素间进行两两比较,如模型中的要素i 相对于要素j 对上层要素的重要程度,0表示i 与j 同等重要,1表示i 比j 重要,−1表示i 比j不重要,因素之间重要性程度赋值量化后形成比较矩阵 A,经过最优传递矩阵O进行加权组合变换为一致性调整矩阵P,对调整矩阵P进行以e为底的指数运算,确定特征值矩阵U并求出各因素权重(公式1~公式5)。
$ \begin{array}{c}\text{A}=\end{array}\left[\begin{matrix}{a}_{11} & {a}_{12} & \cdots & {a}_{1j}\\{a}_{21} & {a}_{22} & \cdots & {a}_{2j}\\\cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots\\{a}_{i1} & {a}_{i2} & \cdots & {a}_{ij}\end{matrix}\right] $
$ {o}_{ij}=\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}\left({a}_{ik}+{a}_{kj}\right)\begin{array}{cc} & \end{array}k=1,2,\cdots,n $
$ \begin{split}{p}_{ij}=&\alpha \times {a}_{ij}+(1-\alpha )\times \frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}\left({a}_{ik}+{a}_{kj}\right)\\&k=1,2,\cdots ,n\end{split} $
$ \begin{split}{u}_{ij}=&\exp \left[\alpha \times {a}_{ij}+(1-\alpha )\times \frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}\left({a}_{ik}+{a}_{kj}\right)\right]\\&k=1,2,\cdots ,n\end{split} $
$ \begin{split} &\text{W}=\dfrac{\sqrt[n]{\prod\limits_{j=1}^{n}{u}_{ij}}}{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\sqrt[n]{\prod\limits_{j=1}^{n}{u}_{ij}}}=\\&\dfrac{\sqrt[n]{\prod\limits_{j=1}^{n}\exp \left[\alpha \times {a}_{ij}+(1-\alpha )\times \dfrac{1}{n}\displaystyle\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}({a}_{ik}+{a}_{kj})\right]}}{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\sqrt[n]{\prod\limits_{j=1}^{n}\exp \left[\alpha \times {a}_{ij}+(1-\alpha )\times \dfrac{1}{n}\displaystyle\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}({a}_{ik}+{a}_{kj})\right]}} \end{split}$
原始矩阵和传递矩阵重要性一致,加权系数α=0.5,对于地质指标U1和化探指标U2来说,由公式(1)~公式(5)可得因素量化后的比较矩阵(公式6)。
$ \begin{split} &\begin{array}{c}\text{A}=\end{array}\left[\begin{matrix}{a}_{11} & {a}_{12}\\{a}_{21} & {a}_{22}\end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}0 & -1\\1 & 0\end{matrix}\right] \\&\begin{array}{c}\text{U}=\end{array}\left[\begin{matrix}{u}_{11} & {u}_{12}\\{u}_{21} & {u}_{22}\end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0.368\\2.718 & 1\end{matrix}\right] \\&{\text{W}}_{\text{1}}=\frac{\sqrt{{u}_{11}{u}_{12}}}{\sqrt{{u}_{11}{u}_{12}}+\sqrt{{u}_{21}{u}_{22}}}=0.269\;\;\;\; {\text{W}}_{\text{2}}=1-{\text{W}}_{\text{1}}=0.731\end{split}$
对于赋矿地形U11、断裂构造U12、侵入岩U13、物探异常U14,因素量化后的比较矩阵表达为公式(7)。
$ {\text{U}}_{1\text{1}}-{\text{U}}_{14}=\left[\begin{matrix}0 & -1 & -1 & -1\\1 & 0 & 1 & -1\\1 & -1 & 0 & -1\\1 & 1 & 1 & 0\end{matrix}\right] $
按上述公式计算,因素层U11-U14的权重Wuij=(0.105,0.252,0.173,0.470)
按$ \overline{x}-3s\leq n\leq \overline{x}+3s $要求,对3693件11种元素的地球化学测试数据不断迭代剔除使其呈现正态分布($ \overline{x} $平均值,s标准差)(夏仲锐等,2024)。运用 Bartlett 和 KMO 检验对数据进行检验,KMO 度量值达 0.698(>0.6),Bartlett 球形度检验的相关概率值(Sig)为 0.000(Sig<0.05),表明 11 个元素数据间相关性强,存在内在联系,可以使用主成分分析法。
抽取因子选用相关性矩阵,旋转因子选用最大方差法,以初始因子载荷矩阵特征值 λ>1 为筛选条件,确定因子主成分有 4 个。F1 因子元素组合为 Ag - Pb - Sb,因子方差贡献率为 27.060%;F2 因子为 Au - Mo - As - Bi,因子方差贡献率 17.533%;F3 因子是 Cu - V - Zn,因子方差贡献率 16.020%;F4 因子为 W因子方差贡献率 9.902%,累计方差贡献率达 70.515%(表1)。
以每一种元素作为变量i,变量i在各因子的载荷平方(代表该变量被该因子解释的方差比例)乘以该因子的重要性(方差贡献率),得到变量i的总贡献(公式8)。
$ {w}_{i}=\sum\limits_{j=1}^{m}(l_{ij}^{2}\times {v}_{j}) $
式中:m为主成分个数。lij表示在第i行第j列的载荷,vj为第j列的方差贡献率。
在每一元素组合中将每种元素的wi进行归一化,得到对应的元素的元素权重w。经计算,11种元素的w分别为:Ag (U211 = 0.1602)、Pb(U212 =0.1636)、Sb (U213 = 0.1565),Au(U221= 0.0354)、Mo(U222 =0.0507)、As(U223=0.0668),Bi(U224 = 0.0807)、Cu(U231=0.0747)、V(U232 =0.0861)、Zn(U233 = 0.0679),W(U241 = 0.0574)。根据主成分分析的结果将11种元素分为4个组合,在每个组合中对每种元素的权重归一化,得到元素组合的二级权重λ2和λ3(表2)。
为了评价各个靶区的成矿可能性,建立包含优、良、中、差四个等级的评语集,对应隶属度分别为V1、V2、V3 和 V4。对传统的模糊分析法进行改进(胡圣武等,2005),令边界值可以根据区段的重要性进行调整,建立评语集V赋分模型(公式9)。
$ \begin{split} &{V}_{1}=\begin{cases} \left(x-a\right)/\left(a-b\right) & a \lt x\leq 100\\0 & a\geq x\end{cases}\\&{V}_{2}=\begin{cases} (100-x)/(a-b)\begin{array}{cc} & a \lt x\leq 100\end{array}\\\left(x-b\right)/\left(a-b\right)\begin{array}{cc} & b \lt x\leq a\end{array}\end{cases}\\&{V}_{3}=\begin{cases} \left(a-x\right)/\left(a-b\right)\begin{array}{cc} & b \lt x\leq a\end{array}\\\left(x-c\right)/\left(a-b\right)\begin{array}{cc} & c \lt x\leq b\end{array}\end{cases}\\&{V}_{4}=\begin{cases} \left(a+c-b-x\right)/\left(a-b\right)\begin{array}{cc} & c \lt x\leq b\end{array}\\1\begin{array}{cc} & x\leq c\end{array}\end{cases}\end{split} $
式中:V1、V2、V3 和 V4分别为找矿靶区在4个等级区间的等级评分;a、b、c分别为确定的4个等级区间之间的边界限值;xi为对应指标的评价得分(i=1时,$ {\text{x}}_{\text{i}}\text{=}{\text{x}}_{\text{1}} $,表示地质指标的评价得分;$ \text{i=2} $时,$ {\text{x}}_{\text{i}}\text{=}{\text{x}}_{\text{2}} $,表示化探指标的评价得分);设满分为100分,100-a为优秀区间D1,a~b为优良区间D2,b~c 为中等区间D3,3个区间分值加和为50分,50以下为差区间。设定优区间和良区间同等重要,中等区间与优、良区间相比,重要性略低,中等区间与优、良区间重要性量化设定为2/3。在AHP中对矩阵进行一致性检验,一致性检验通过,矩阵成立。计算出D1~D3的权重分别为0.29、0.29和0.42。代入可得:D1=D2=15,D3=20。确定分界点代表值:a=100−D1=85,b=85−D2=70,c=70−D3=50。优区间=[85~100],良区间=[70~85],中区间=[50~70],差区间=[0~50]。
以与成矿关系密切的土壤地球化学测量结果叠加赋矿地层、断裂构造、侵入岩和物探异常等地质因素为判断因子,将成矿有利区圈出来,共确定5个找矿靶区(图3)。
将地质指标与土壤地球化学指标相结合,结合专家评价法与多层次模糊评价法构建模型对典型找矿靶区(Ⅰ号靶区)进行综合评价。对各成矿潜力区的赋矿地层、断裂构造、侵入岩,物探异常分类排序,本区设置每个靶区每一类地质因素的最高分为95分,因为研究靶区较少,分差设置为5分,所以每个因素层根据排序结果得分范围为75~95分。I号靶区处于辉绿岩和白云石大理岩的地层界限处,有厚大连续石英脉穿过,F10构造切割石英脉,激电中梯指示低阻高极化地质体可能为铅锌矿化体。除构造发育面积较小之外其他因素与其他靶区对比都遥遥领先。I号靶区地质指标得分为地层95分,构造90分,侵入岩95分,物探异常95分,I号靶区作为典型靶区地质因素分布图(图4)。土壤地球化学指标按靶区内单元素异常综合排序赋分(可以设置分差为5分),在靶区内没有出现的元素赋分为50分。以I号靶区为例,对I号靶区的地质指标得分代入公式(9)计算,得到I号靶区地质指标评语集得分(表3)。
文中建立的隶属度计算模型利用多层集合运算来确定评定等级,设评价时因素个数为m的集合为 U=(U1,U2,U3,…,Um),评语尺度的集合为 V=(V1,V2,V3,…,Vm)。如果用 rmn 表示第 m 个因素对n评语的隶属度,则因素论域与评语论域的模糊关系矩阵表达为公式(10)。
$ \begin{aligned}{B}_{}&={W}_{}\times \text{R}\\&=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}{w}_{1} & {w}_{2} & {w}_{3} & ... & {w}_{m}\end{array}\right]\begin{array}{l}\times \end{array}\left[\begin{matrix}{r}_{11} & {r}_{12} & \cdots & {r}_{1n}\\{r}_{21} & {r}_{22} & \cdots & {r}_{23}\\\cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots\\{r}_{m1} & {r}_{m2} & \cdots & {r}_{mn}\end{matrix}\right]\\&=\left(\begin{array}{lllll}{B}_{1} & {B}_{2} & {B}_{3} & \cdots & B_{m}^{}\end{array}\right)\end{aligned} $
结合地质指标的权重及I号靶区地质指标得分(表3),并结合公式(10),获得I号找矿靶区最终地质指标得分评语B1(公式11)
$ {\text{B}}_{\text{1}}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0.584 & 0.416 & 0.00 & 0.00\end{array}\right] $
用相同的方法算出I号靶区化探指标评语B2(公式12)。
$ {\text{B}}_{\text{2}}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0.213 & 0.426 & 0.115 & 0.246\end{array}\right] $
B1和B2结合成最终的得分矩阵与相应的权重相乘得到I号靶区的指标得分评语,也就是I号靶区的等级隶属度(公式13)。
$ \begin{split}&{\text{B}}_{\text{I}}=\text{W}\times \left[\begin{array}{l}{\text{B}}_{1}\\\text{B}{}_{2}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll}0.269 & 0.731\end{array}\right]\times \\&\left[\begin{matrix}0.584 & 0.416 & 0.000 & 0.000\\0.213 & 0.426 & 0.115 & 0.246\end{matrix}\right]=\\&\left[\begin{array}{llll}0.313 & 0.423 & 0.084 & 0.180\end{array}\right]\end{split} $
指标得分评语中的$ \text{B}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{\text{B}}_{1} & {\text{B}}_{2} & {\text{B}}_{3} & {\text{B}}_{4}\end{array}\right] $对应评语集V的4个等级(V1、V2、V3、V4),分别代表优、良、中、差4个等级的隶属度(表4),获得5个靶区等级隶属度的计算结果(表5)。
蒙特卡洛模拟的目标是考虑参数的不确定性,通过多次随机扰动参数,得到综合得分的分布。扰动分为两个部分:隶属度扰动和边界值扰动。隶属度不确定性包括地质数据的测量误差、专家打分的主观差异和模型参数的估计偏差。边界值虽通过了一致性检验,但仍存在判断偏差。本研究采用均匀分布扰动来模拟这种不确定性。
隶属度矩阵B反映了各靶区对不同等级的隶属程度,其中 btj表示第 t个靶区对第 j 个等级(j=1,2,3,4对应优、良、中、差)的隶属度。由于隶属度计算存在模糊性,隶属度扰动系数δ设置为0.05、0.08和0.10,并采用三角分布扰动模拟这种不确定性。
对于每个隶属度值btj,定义三角分布参数(公式14)。
$ \begin{cases} a=\max (0,{b}_{tj}-\delta )\\b=\min (1,{b}_{tj}+\delta )\\c={b}_{tj}\end{cases} $
采用逆变换法生成服从三角分布的随机数。令U~Uniform(0,1),定义为公式(15)。
$ p=\frac{c-a}{b-a} $
则扰动后的隶属度值为公式(16)。
$ b_{tj}^{\prime}=\begin{cases} a+\sqrt{U(b-a)(c-a)}\text{,}\begin{array}{cccc} & & & \text{U}\leq p\end{array}\\b-\sqrt{(1-U)(b-a)(b-c),}\begin{array}{cc} & \;\;\;\;U>p\end{array}\end{cases} $
对所有扰动后的隶属度值进行归一化标准化处理,得最后的隶属度矩阵B。
等级边界值向量 X=[100, 85, 70, 50], 反映了各等级的上限值。边界划分存在主观性,采用均匀分布扰动模拟这种不确定性。
对于每个边界值 xj,令U~Uniform(0,1),β=2扰动后的边界值为公式(17)。
$ x_{j}^{\prime}={x}_{j}+{\Delta }_{j}={x}_{j}+(2U-1)\times \beta $
设定模拟次数N=5000,在第i次模拟中,不同序列的U值序列产生不同的隶属度矩阵,得到不同的综合隶属度(公式18)。
$ {\text{U}}^{(i)}\rightarrow b_{tj}^{(i)}\rightarrow S_{t}^{(i)} $
对于5个靶区4个等级(优、良、中、差)综合隶属度的计算公式为公式(19)。
$ \text{S}_{t}^{(i)}=\sum\limits_{j=1}^{4}b_{tj}^{(i)}x_{j}^{(i)},\begin{array}{cc} & t=1,2,3,4,5\end{array} $
在蒙特卡洛模拟中,对每个靶区进行了5000次模拟,每次模拟得到一个综合得分,每个靶区的平均得分即为该靶区的综合隶属度(图5)。
在每次模拟中,根据得分对5个靶区进行排序,得分越高排名越靠前(排名1~5,1代表最优)。通过统计每个靶区在不同模拟中获得特定排名的频率,并除以总模拟次数,计算出每个靶区获得特定排名的概率(图6)。分析结果表明,在3种不同的隶属度扰动系数影响条件下,蒙特卡洛模拟得到的综合隶属度得分排序与靶区排序的概率分布结果具有一致性。基于此,靶区的优选排序结果为:Ⅰ号靶区>Ⅳ号靶区>Ⅱ号靶区>Ⅲ号靶区>Ⅴ号靶区,但隶属度扰动系数在0.08的条件下,靶区排名概率分布更加显著,所以选择0.08作为隶属度扰动系数并生成得分箱线图。
机器学习分析成矿因素权重的原理本质上是将成矿预测问题转化为监督学习的分类或回归问题,利用算法从已知的因素权重和得分中反推影响成矿的重要性特征。通过基于不纯度减少、排列扰动或系数稀疏性等数学机制,量化各成矿要素的相对贡献度,为地质找矿提供数据驱动的决策支持。不同的机器学习方法评估特征重要性的原理不同:随机森林(RF)和决策树(DT)通过计算每个特征在众多决策树中进行分裂时所带来的不纯度(基尼指数或信息熵)减少的平均值或准确度下降的平均值来评估;梯度提升机(如XGBoost)则可通过特征使用频率或带来的损失函数下降等指标来评估。
利用机器学习训练数据进行成矿概率预测,首先定义权重数据,权重数据包括:地质指标权重wgeo(w赋矿地层=0.105,w断裂构造=0.252,w侵入岩=0.173,w物探异常=0.470);化探指标权重(wAg=0.1602,wPb=0.1636,wSb =0.1565,wAu=0.0354,wMo=0.0507,wAs=0.0668,wBi=0.0807,wCu=0.0747,wV=0.0861,wZn=0.0679,wW=0.0574),生成5000个随机样本(数值范围为1~100),每个样本包含所有地质和化探指标,模拟指标得分。
使用3种机器学习模型(DT、RF、XGBoost)与HI-FAHP的权重对这些模拟指标得分进行训练,训练集为70%,测试集为30%。利用公式(20)计算出每个模拟靶区的综合得分,训练3种不同的机器学习模型,并提取它们认为的“特征重要性”,再反演出地质指标和化探指标两个大类的特征重要性系数作为利用机器学习建立成矿概率模型的权重。
$ y=\alpha \times (\sum{w}_{geo,i}{x}_{geo,i})+\beta \times (\sum{w}_{chem,i}{x}_{chem,i})$
3种机器学习模型训练得到的数据的权重分配结果(图7)显示,3种机器学习模型与HI-FAHP原始权重相比,比较接近,说明HI-FAHP模型权重设置合理,而且机器学习模型确实可以作为代理模型来找到影响成矿各个因素的重要性关系。3种机器学习的方法横向对比(表6)表明,XGBoost误差最小,且R2=0.90,模型拟合度非常高。因此,选择XGBoost反演出来的权重做为成矿潜力系数的权重,即α=0.25,β=0.75。
根据公式(20)得到的综合得分y即为各靶区的成矿潜力指数,加权计算后得到每个靶区的综合得分(表7)。
选取17项核心指标(包括地层、构造、侵入岩、物探异常、Ag、Pb、Cu、Zn、Au、Mo、Sb、W、V、Bi、As、综合隶属度、成矿潜力指数)绘制成矿潜力图(图8),实现多维数据可视化对比。
Ⅰ号靶区:Ag-Pb-Sb异常突出,Au-Mo-As-Bi异常弱,Cu-V-Zn异常表现较好,与主成分分析聚类结果一致,且地质指标表现突出,综合得分最高,显示出产出银铅锌矿体的潜力。Ⅳ号靶区:Au-Mo-As-Bi异常弱,其他指标表现较为均衡,得分第二,Cu异常表现突出,也具备产出矿体的潜力。Ⅱ号靶区:构造、地层条件优良,Ag元素得分高,但其他元素异常整体偏弱,分析可能存在单点异常。Ⅲ号与Ⅴ号靶区:多项指标表现一般,成矿概率较低。
Ⅰ号靶区位于蔓子沟,矿脉呈脉状产于张性断裂F10中,地表由民采坑CD4、深部由CD1、ZK0001-Ⅱ控制,走向延伸约为250 m,矿脉总体产状为45°~60°∠45°~50°,地表出露海拔为1487 m,厚度为0.7~2 m。圈定Ⅱ号、Ⅳ号铅锌矿体,通过钻孔揭露见方铅矿体,出露地层为煤窑沟组中段白云石大理岩及辉长(绿)岩(图9)。
Ⅱ号靶区位于金斗山附近,出露地层为煤窑沟组上段白云质大理岩夹云母片岩,地表发现含矿构造带F12一处。其中,采坑CD2中Ag含量为19.52×10−6~254×10−6。经钻孔揭露,考虑为单点异常,目前尚未发现具有工业价值的矿体。
Ⅲ号靶区位于白术沟以西,出露地层为白术沟上段炭质板岩,地表有断裂构造带通过,Cu、Mo异常规模大,但探槽揭露矿化较弱,目前尚未发现具有工业价值的矿体。
Ⅳ号靶区位于王家沟附近,出露地层为冯家湾组白云岩和白术组上段炭质板岩,地表有含矿构造F7通过。矿脉总体走向为107°,倾向NNE,地表露头产状为10°∠71°,总体产状为15°∠60°,延伸约120 m,地表出露海拔为1392 m,地表厚度为2~3 m,深部钻孔揭露厚度为0.45 m,推测最大埋深为192 m(图10)。矿化体岩性为孔雀石化、蓝铜矿化钙质片岩夹石英脉,围岩为绢云片岩,矿石矿物主要为孔雀石、蓝铜矿、黄铁矿,Ⅳ靶区圈定I号铜矿体。
Ⅴ号靶区位于西沟附近,出露地层为南泥湖组片岩和三川组大理岩,内部发现1条含矿构造带,带内发育有石英脉,化探异常多为单点异常,化探异常元素少,目前尚未发现有价值的矿体赋存。
工程验证的结果与机器学习的成矿潜力指数评价结果一致,说明机器学习寻找最优找矿靶区是有效的和可靠的。
(1)构建了融合改进层次分析法、主成分分析与模糊评价的混合改进模糊层次分析(HI-FAHP)模型,实现了地质与地球化学多源信息的系统融合与权重客观确定。
(2)引入蒙特卡洛模拟对隶属度与等级边界值进行随机扰动,确定最优隶属度扰动系数,生成了各靶区综合隶属度的概率分布与排序概率,实现了评价结果的不确定性量化与概率化表达。
(3)集成决策树、随机森林、梯度提升机3种机器学习方法,在合成数据上进行训练,反演了地质、化探因素的权重并绘制了成矿潜力图,说明类似模型能自动学习到有物理意义的特征贡献,在真实数据上也可能提取出有解释性的特征重要性。
(4)在河南省栾川祖师庙矿区的应用表明,从蒙特卡洛模拟法计算的靶区的综合隶属度与机器学习模型计算的成矿潜力指数两个维度进行评价,通过工程验证;证明了模型的有效性与可靠性。

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2026年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025185
  • 接收时间:2026-02-04
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-04
  • 修回日期:2026-03-31
  • 录用日期:2026-04-01
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    1河南省第四地质勘查院有限公司,河南 郑州 450001
    2河南省小口径钻探工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450001
    3郑州工程技术学院土木工程学院,河南 郑州 450044

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刘应然(1985–),男,博士,讲师,从事人工智能的工程应用相关研究工作。E–mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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