Article(id=1307086210032235100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025173, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770566400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-09, revisedDate=1773072000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-10, acceptedDate=1773331200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineDate=1789563236959, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1787155200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563236959, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563236959, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563236959, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307086088166732376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='386', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563207904, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616196824, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=63, endPage=84, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307086210212590173, articleId=1307086210032235100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Reconstructing Protolith Compositions of the Orthoamphibole Rocks from Wutai-Hengshan Area of the North China Craton by combining Machine Learning and Geochemical Fingerprints, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The orthoamphibole rocks exposed in the Hengshan-Wutai area are characterized by a distinctive mineral assemblages (anthophyllite + garnet) and unique geochemical signatures (enriched in Fe, Mg and Al, depleted in Ca and alkalis). However, their protolith and petrogenesis remain a subject of long-standing debate due to the perturbed effects of subsequent metamorphism and tectonic deformation. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation of these rocks by integrating detailed field surveys and petrographic observations with machine learning algorithms and geochemical fingerprints. For the machine learning techniques, we constructed a geochemical database comprising Archean basalts and pelitic rocks and designed a Random Forest classification model by training classifers with the geochemical compositional database. Combined with Isocon mass balance analysis, which should be possible to formulate the relationships between immobile and potentially mobile elements, the trained classifers enable to classify the orthoamphibole rocks exhibiting a strong genetic affinity with the Archean basalts. Moreover, their rare earth element (REE) patterns and elevated Co and Sc concentrations are consistent with those of Archean basalts and distinct from typical pelitic rocks. Isocon mass balance analysis indicates that the protoliths underwent a net mass loss of approximately 26%, accompanied by intense leaching of mobile components such as Ca and Na. Notably, the decoupling of Zr–Hf, the anomalous enrichment of Th, and the scattered distribution of Zn suggest that the precursors underwent mechanical sorting during sedimentation. Additionally, zircon U–Pb dating yielded a primary detrital age peak at ~2520 Ma, suggesting a uniform provenance derived mainly from local ~2.52 Ga magmatic rocks. Metamorphic zircon ages cluster around 1.92 Ga, recording a Paleoproterozoic collision event in the North China Craton. Consequently, we propose that the protoliths of the Hengshan anthophyllite rocks was a mafic-rich sedimentary rock derived from Archean basaltic sources. These rocks formed through chemical weathering of the basaltic source, followed by depositional processes and subsequent amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ~1.92 Ga.

, authors=Jintang ZUO1, Qiugen LI1, 2, *, Shuwen LIU1, Xiao HUANG1, Xiaoyu WANG1, 3, authorsList=Jintang ZUO, Qiugen LI, Shuwen LIU, Xiao HUANG, Xiaoyu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiugen LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307086212167135856, articleId=1307086210032235100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=运用机器学习与地球化学指纹相结合的方法恢复山西五台–恒山地区直闪岩的原岩, columnId=1307086183687811481, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=人工智能在地质学领域的应用研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

恒山–五台地区出露的直闪岩具有特殊的矿物组合(直闪石+石榴子石)和地球化学特征(富Fe、Mg、Al,贫Ca、碱),因受后期变质作用以及构造扰动影响,有关其原岩属性长期存在争议。笔者在详细的野外调查及岩相学观察的基础上,采用机器学习和地球化学指纹相结合的方法对直闪岩进行了系统研究。在机器学习方面,构建了包含太古代玄武岩与泥质岩的地球化学数据库,利用随机森林(Random Forest)算法建立原岩判别模型,并结合Isocon质量平衡分析探讨元素迁移规律,最终确定该直闪岩的原岩。随机森林模型基于不活动元素的判别结果显示,直闪岩样品与太古代玄武岩成因联系密切,其稀土配分模式及较高的Co、Sc含量与太古代玄武岩吻合,显著区别于典型泥质岩。Isocon质量平衡分析揭示岩石经历了约26%的净质量亏损,伴随有Ca、Na等活动组分的强烈淋滤。特别是Zr–Hf的解耦、Th的异常富集以及Zn的离散分布指示了直闪岩在形成过程中经历了沉积过程中的机械分选。锆石U–Pb定年获得了直闪岩中碎屑锆石主要年龄峰集中在~2520 Ma,表明其沉积物源较为单一,主要来源于区内~2.52 Ga的岩浆岩;变质锆石年龄约为1.92 Ga,记录了华北克拉通古元古代拼合事件。因此,笔者推断恒山直闪岩的原岩为富镁铁质的沉积岩,其源于太古代玄武质岩石。该玄武质源区在经历风化作用、沉积作用及其后约1.92 Ga的角闪岩相变质作用形成了现今的直闪岩。

, authors=左锦堂1, 李秋根1, 2, *, 刘树文1, 黄萧1, 王筱煜1, 3, authorsList=左锦堂, 李秋根, 刘树文, 黄萧, 王筱煜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李秋根, authorNote=

左锦堂(2001−),男,硕士研究生,地球化学专业。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李秋根(1973−),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事前寒武纪地质学、岩石地球化学、独居石化学法测年及沉积大地构造学研究工作。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0YEcjbglVfhwnqVz+GSb9A==, magXml=kOdKgoPaoKfzmofzAokn4g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=v+OtL2lgxZ58EdzP4ufR7A==, pdfFileSize=4942750, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Mbw6HuyqxE6pgQeSXiNPbg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OF96RXUoiH75c9NscL0+6A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307086809314386079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1250093412@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086809377300641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809314386079, language=EN, stringName=Jintang ZUO, firstName=Jintang, middleName=null, lastName=ZUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086809436020898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809314386079, language=CN, stringName=左锦堂, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081, bio={"content":"

左锦堂(2001−),男,硕士研究生,地球化学专业。E−mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

左锦堂(2001−),男,硕士研究生,地球化学专业。E−mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1307086809792536740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qgli@pku.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810153246887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809792536740, language=EN, stringName=Qiugen LI, firstName=Qiugen, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
2State Key Laboratory for Critical Mineral Research and Exploration, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081,Guizhou, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810224550056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809792536740, language=CN, stringName=李秋根, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081
2关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086808894955672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808903344281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808894955672, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2State Key Laboratory for Critical Mineral Research and Exploration, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081,Guizhou, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808911732890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808894955672, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081)])]), Author(id=1307086810316824746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810648174764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086810316824746, language=EN, stringName=Shuwen LIU, firstName=Shuwen, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810987913389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086810316824746, language=CN, stringName=刘树文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1307086812686606511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086812762103985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086812686606511, language=EN, stringName=Xiao HUANG, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086812820824242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086812686606511, language=CN, stringName=黄萧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1307086813097648308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086813181534391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086813097648308, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyu WANG, firstName=Xiaoyu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
3Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086813240254648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086813097648308, language=CN, stringName=王筱煜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081
3美国加州大学伯克利分校化学系,美国 加州 94720, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086808983036059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808991424668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808983036059, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808995618973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808983036059, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3美国加州大学伯克利分校化学系,美国 加州 94720)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1307086813592576185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=geochemistry), Keyword(id=1307086813655490746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=orthoamphibole rocks), Keyword(id=1307086813726793915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=machine learning), Keyword(id=1307086813785514172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=zircon U–Pb age), Keyword(id=1307086813848428733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=protolith reconstruction), Keyword(id=1307086813928120510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=North China Craton), Keyword(id=1307086813986840767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=地球化学), Keyword(id=1307086814045561024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=直闪岩), Keyword(id=1307086814108475585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=机器学习), Keyword(id=1307086814167195842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=锆石U–Pb年龄), Keyword(id=1307086814234304707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=原岩恢复), Keyword(id=1307086814351745220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=华北克拉通)], refs=[Reference(id=1307086818885787867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白瑾. 五台山早前寒武纪地质[A]中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所文集(16)[C]. 天津: 天津科学技术出版社, 1987: 174−203., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086818957091037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAI Jin. Early Precambrian geology of Wutaishan[A]Bulletin of the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (16)[C]. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1987: 174−203., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819020005598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贾琇明. 山西省代县碾子沟金红石矿床矿物学及年代学研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819082920159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIA Xiuming. Mineralogy and Geochronology of Nianzigou Rutile Deposit in Daixian County, Shanxi Province[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819175194848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李秋根, 黄萧, 初航, 等. 华北克拉通五台绿岩带锆石年代学及地质意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2024, 40(11): 3426−3447., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819246498017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Qiugen, HUANG Xiao, CHU Hang, et al. Zircon geochronology and geological significance of the Wutai greenstone belt in the North China Craton[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 3426−3447., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819313606882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆松年, 李怀坤, 田永清. 恒山雁门关巨晶石榴子石直闪石岩的初步研究[J]. 地质调查与研究, 2003, 26(1): 15−20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819384910051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Songnian, LI Huaikun, TIAN Yongqing. Preliminary study on megacryst garnet-anthophyllite rock in Yanmenguan, Hengshan[J]. Geological Survey and Research, 2003, 26(1): 15−20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819460407524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庞尔成, 徐永婧, 施光海, 等. 山西代县金红石矿床洪塘矿区含矿岩石的地球化学及年代学[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2010, 29(5): 497−506., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819523322085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANG Ercheng, XU Yongjing, SHI Guanghai, et al. Geochemistry and geochronology of ore-bearing rocks in Hongtang mining area of Nianzigou rutile deposit, Daixian, Shanxi Province[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2010, 29(5): 497−506., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819594625254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钱加慧, 魏春景, 周喜文, 等. 山西恒山巨晶状直闪石岩的成因: 来自地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素的证据[J]. 岩石学报, 2012, 28(9): 2819−2830., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819653345511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAN Jiahui, WEI Chunjing, ZHOU Xiwen, et al. Genesis of megacrystic anthophyllite rocks in Hengshan, Shanxi: Evidence from geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopes[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(9): 2819−2830., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819716260072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=滕霞, 张建新, 毛小红, 等. 柴西缘花土沟超高温变质地体中的镁铝麻粒岩岩石成因及其与熔体行为的关系[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2024, 43(2): 201−218., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819858866409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TENG Xia, ZHANG Jianxin, MAO Xiaohong, et al. Petrogenesis of Mg-Al granulites in the Huatugou UHT metamorphic terrane, western margin of Qaidam Basin and its relationship with melt behavior[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2024, 43(2): 201−218., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819921780970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王凯怡, 周少平, 郝杰. 五台山地区原金刚库组中含蓝晶石组合的变质作用及其意义[J]. 岩石学报, 1996, 12(1): 88−98., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086819980501227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Kaiyi, ZHOU Shaoping, HAO Jie. Metamorphism of kyanite-bearing assemblages in the original Jingangku Formation, Wutaishan area and its significance[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1996, 12(1): 88−98., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086820047610092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王仁民, 尤振东, 苏尚国, 等. 变质岩原岩恢复[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1987., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086820110524653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Renmin, YOU Zhendong, SU Shangguo, et al. Restoration of Metamorphic Protoliths[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1987., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086821750497518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏春景. 华北中部造山带五台-恒山地区古元古代变质作用与构造演化[J]. 地球科学, 2018, 43(1): 24−43., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086821830189295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI Chunjing. Paleoproterozoic metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the Wutai-Hengshan area in the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Earth Science, 2018, 43(1): 24−43., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086821956018416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐永婧, 庞尔成, 施光海, 等. 山西代县金红石矿床中锆石的内部特征和矿物包裹体研究及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25(12): 3422−3430., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822023127281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Yongjing, PANG Ercheng, SHI Guanghai, et al. Internal features and mineral inclusions of zircon from the Nianzigou rutile deposit in Daixian, Shanxi Province and their geological implications[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25(12): 3422−3430., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822098624754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=游振东, 周汉文, 吕学淼. 湖北浠水蓝晶石铝直闪石片岩中的冠状体结构的研究[J]. 地球科学, 1990, 15(4): 345−356., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822174122227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOU Zhendong, ZHOU Hanwen, LV Xuemiao. Study on corona textures in kyanite-gedrite schists from Xishui, Hubei[J]. Earth Science, 1990, 15(4): 345−356., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822325117172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周世泰. 变质岩原岩恢复主要化学方法及其应用[J]. 地质论评, 1984, 30(6): 563−570., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822413197557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Shitai. The main chemical methods for the restoration of protoliths of metamorphic rocks and their application[J]. Geological Review, 1984, 30(6): 563−570., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822484500726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Andersen T. Correction of common lead in U–Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb[J]. Chemical Geology, 2002, 192(1-2): 59−79., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822555803895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arevalo R, Mcdonough W F. Chemical variations and regional diversity observed in MORB[J]. Chemical Geology, 2010, 271(1-2): 70−85., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822631301368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arnold J, Sandiford M. Petrogenesis of cordierite-orthoamphibole assemblages from the Springton region, South Australia[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1990, 106(1): 100−109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822698410233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baba S. Two Stages of Sapphirine Formation During Prograde and Retrograde Metamorphism in the Palaeoproterozoic Lewisian Complex in South Harris, NW Scotland[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2003, 44(2): 329−354., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822773907706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ballouard C, Massuyeau M, Elburg M A, et al. The magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of felsic igneous rocks as seen through Nb-Ta geochemical fractionation, with implications for the origins of rare-metal mineralizations[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2020, 203: 103115., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822849405179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bau M. Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems: evidence from Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and lanthanide tetrad effect[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1996, 123(3): 323−333., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086822924902652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bau M, Dulski P. Comparative study of yttrium and rare-earth element behaviours in fluorine-rich hydrothermal fluids[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1995, 119(2-3): 213−223., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086823218503933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bau M, Koschinsky A. Oxidative scavenging of cerium on hydrous Fe oxide: evidence from the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium between Fe oxides and Mn oxides in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts[J]. Geochemical Journal, 2009, 43(1): 37−47., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086823302390014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bédard J H. Trace element partitioning in plagioclase feldspar[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006, 70(14): 3717−3742., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086823369498879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bhatia M R. Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian Paleozoic graywackes and mudrocks: provenance and tectonic control[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1985, 45(1-2): 97−113., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086823583408384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bollaert Q, Chasse M, Allard T, et al. Multiscale processes controlling niobium mobility during supergene weathering[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023, 353: 142−157., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086823646322945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bostrom K. Origin and fate of ferromanganoan active ridge sediments[M]//HSU K J, JENKYNS H C. Pelagic sediments: on land and under the sea. 1st ed. Oxford: Wiley, 1975: 401., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086823721820418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brandt S, Schenk V, Raith M M, et al. Late Neoproterozoic P-T evolution of HP-UHT Granulites from the Palni Hills (South India): New Constraints from Phase Diagram Modelling, LA-ICP-MS Zircon Dating and in-situ EMP Monazite Dating[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2011, 52(9): 1813−1856., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086823998644483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cann J R. Spilites from the carlsberg ridge, indian ocean[J]. Journal of Petrology, 1969, 10(1): 1−19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086824061559044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Catling D C, Zahnle K J. The Archean atmosphere[J]. Science Advances, 2020, 6(9): eaax1420., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086824120279301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cawood P A, Hawkesworth C J, Dhuime B. Detrital zircon record and tectonic setting[J]. Geology, 2012, 40(10): 875−878., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086824187388166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=David K, Schiano P, Allegre C J. Assessment of the Zr/Hf fractionation in oceanic basalts and continental materials during petrogenetic processes[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2000, 178(3-4): 285−301., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086824447435015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Diener J F A, Powell R, White R W. Quantitative phase petrology of cordierite–orthoamphibole gneisses and related rocks[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2008, 26(8): 795−814., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086824518738184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Diwu C, Sun Y, Si B, et al. Archean continental crustal growth and reworking of the north China craton: constraints from zircon U Pb age and Hf isotopic composition[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2024, 248: 104624., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086824602624265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dramsch J O. 70 years of machine learning in geoscience in review[M]//Advances in geophysics: Vol. 61. Elsevier, 2020: 1−55., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086826578141450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Edmond J M, Damm K V. Hot springs on the ocean floor[J]. Scientific American, 1983, 248(4): 78−93., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086826964017419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ellis D J. Osumilite-sapphirine-quartz granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: P-T conditions of metamorphism, implications for garnet-cordierite equilibria and the evolution of the deep crust[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1980, 74(2): 201−210., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086827031126284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fawcett T. An introduction to ROC analysis[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters, 2006, 27(8): 861−874., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086827404419341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fedo C M, Sircombe K N, Rainbird R H. Detrital zircon analysis of the sedimentary record[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2003, 53(1): 277−303., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086827769323790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Floyd P, Winchester J. Element mobility associated with meta-shear zones within the Ben-Hope amphibolite suite, Scotland[J]. Chemical Geology, 1983, 39(1−2): 1−15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086827840626959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Geisler T, Schaltegger U, Tomaschek F. Re-equilibration of zircon in aqueous fluids and melts[J]. Elements, 2007, 3(1): 43−50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086827924513040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goldfarb R J, Groves D I, Gardoll S. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2001, 18(1-2): 1−75., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086828201337105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grant J A. The isocon diagram; a simple solution to gresens’ equation for metasomatic alteration[J]. Economic Geology, 1986, 81(8): 1976−1982., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086828268445970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grant J A. Isocon analysis: A brief review of the method and applications[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2005, 30(17-18): 997−1004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086828335554835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Groves D I, Condie K C, Goldfarb R J, et al. Secular Changes in Global Tectonic Processes and Their Influence on the Temporal Distribution of Gold-Bearing Mineral Deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 2005, 100(2): 203−224., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086828679487764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Groves D I, Goldfarb R J, Gebre-mariam M, et al. Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 1998, 13(1-5): 7−27., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086829069558037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo H, Liu Z, Jiang H, et al. Big earth data: a new challenge and opportunity for digital earth’s development[J]. International Journal of Digital Earth, 2017, 10(1): 1−12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086830743085334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo J H, Sun M, Chen F K, et al. Sm-Nd and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of high-pressure granulites in the Sanggan area, North China Craton: timing of Paleoproterozoic continental collision[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(5): 629−642., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086831124766999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han C, Xiao W, Su B, et al. Neoarchean Algoma-type banded iron formation from the northern Shanxi, the Trans-North China Orogen: SIMS U-Pb age, origin and tectonic setting[J]. Precambrian Research, 2017, 303: 548−572., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086831217041688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han X, Qian J, Yin C, et al. Development of thermal state and plate tectonics in the north China craton during neoarchean–paleoproterozoic[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2025, 7(1): 105−115., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086831573557529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hanski E, Huhma H, Vuollo J. SIMS zircon ages and Nd isotope systematics of the 2.2 Ga mafic intrusions in northern and eastern Finland[J]. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 2010, 82(1): 31−62., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086831657443611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Harper G D. Structural styles of hydrothermal discharge in ophiolite/sea-floor systems[M]//Barrie C T, Hannington M D. Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits: Processes and examples in modern and ancient settings. Society of Economic Geologists Reviews in Economic Geology, 1997: 53-73., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086831984599324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hasterok D, Gard M, Bishop C M B, et al. Chemical identification of metamorphic protoliths using machine learning methods[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2019, 132: 56−68., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086832064291101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hedenquist J W, Lowenstern J B. The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits[J]. Nature, 1994, 370(6490): 519−527., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086832454361374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hernandez-uribe D, Palin R M, Cone K A, et al. Petrological implications of seafloor hydrothermal alteration of subducted mid-ocean ridge basalt[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2021, 61(9): egaa086., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086832525664543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hinchey A M, Carr S D. Protolith composition of cordierite-gedrite basement rocks and garnet amphibolite of the Bearpaw Lake area of the Thor-Odin dome, Monashee Complex, British Columbia, Canada[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2007, 45(3): 607−629., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086832806682912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hoffer E, Grant J A. Experimental investigation of the formation of cordierite-orthopyroxene parageneses in pelitic rocks[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1980, 73(1): 15−22., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086832877986081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hood S B, Cracknell M J, Gazley M F. Linking protolith rocks to altered equivalents by combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2018, 186: 270−280., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086832940900642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu Y, Liu S, Fu J, et al. Neoarchean-early paleoproterozoic granitoids, the geothermal gradient and geodynamic evolution in the Hengshan terrane, North China Craton[J]. Gondwana Research, 2021, 94: 143−163., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086833301610787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Humphris S E, Thompson G, Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic basalts by seawater[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1978,42(1): 107-125., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086833360331044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang H, Niu Y, Zhao Z, et al. On the enigma of Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf fractionation—a critical review[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2011, 22(1): 52−66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086833423245605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Irving A J, Ashley P M. Amphibole‐olivine‐spinel, cordierite‐anthophyllite and related hornfelses associated with metamorphosed serpentinites in the Goobarragandra district, near Tumut, New South Wales[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 1976, 23(1): 19−43., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086835327459622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Iwamori H, Yoshida K, Nakamura H, et al. Classification of geochemical data based on multivariate statistical analyses: Complementary roles of cluster, principal component, and independent component analyses[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2017, 18(11): 3966−3981., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086835398762791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jahn B M, Gallet S, Han J. Geochemistry of the Xining, Xifeng and Jixian sections, Loess Plateau of China: eolian dust provenance and paleosol evolution during the last 140 ka[J]. Chemical Geology, 2001, 178(1−4): 71−94., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086835457483048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jenner F E, Bennett V C, Yaxley G, et al. Eoarchean within-plate basalts from southwest Greenland[J]. Geology, 2013, 41(3): 327−330., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086835528786217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin S, Ma Y, Yang S, et al. The application of big data and machine learning in petrogeochemistry[C]//2024 10th International Conference on Big Data and Information Analytics (BigDIA). Chiang Mai, Thailand: IEEE, 2024: 209−212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086835805610282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kelsey D E, Hand M. On ultrahigh temperature crustal metamorphism: Phase equilibria, trace element thermometry, bulk composition, heat sources, timescales and tectonic settings[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2015, 6(3): 311−356., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086835876913451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kohn M J. The fall and rise of metamorphic zircon[J]. American Mineralogist, 2016, 101(12): 2568−2569., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836166320428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kroner A, Wilde S A, Li J H, et al. Age and evolution of a late Archean to Paleoproterozoic upper to lower crustal section in the Wutaishan/Hengshan/Fuping terrain of northern China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(5): 577−595., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836254400813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=68, rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kroner A, Wilde S A, Zhao G C, et al. Zircon geochronology and metamorphic evolution of mafic dykes in the Hengshan Complex of northern China: evidence for late Palaeoproterozoic extension and subsequent high-pressure metamorphism in the North China Craton[J]. Precambrian Research, 2006, 146(1−2): 45−67., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836317315374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Langmuir D, Herman J S. The mobility of thorium in natural waters at low temperatures[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1980, 44(11): 1753−1766., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836384424239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Linnen R L, Keppler H. Melt composition control of Zr/Hf fractionation in magmatic processes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2002, 66(18): 3293−3301., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836447338800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C T, Liu X M, Zhang Z J. Data-Driven Investigation Reveals Subaerial Proportion of Basalts Since the Early Archean[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2024, 51(12): e2023GL107066., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836510253361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=72, rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C, Zhao G, Liu F, et al. Constraints of volcanic rocks of the Wutai Complex (Shanxi Province, Northern China) on a giant late Neoarchean intra-oceanic arc system in the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2016, 123: 178−212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836581556530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J, Palin R M, Mitchell R N, et al. Archaean multi-stage magmatic underplating drove formation of continental nuclei in the North China Craton[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 6231., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836644471091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=74, rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ludwig K R. User's manual for Isoplot 3.00: a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel[R]. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, 2003, 4: 1−70., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836707385652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lyons T W, Reinhard C T, Planavsky N J. The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere[J]. Nature, 2014, 506(7488): 307−315., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836774494517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=88, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lyu J, Guo Z, Tang M. Compositional evolution of the Archean subaerial crust revisited using machine learning constraints[J]. Chemical Geology, 2025, 693: 122986., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086836849991990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=77, rfOrder=89, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Matsuno S, Uno M, Okamoto A, et al. Machine-learning techniques for quantifying the protolith composition and mass transfer history of metabasalt[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 1385., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837005181239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=78, rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Middelburg J J, Van der weijden C H, Woittiez J R W. Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major, minor and trace elements during weathering of granitic rocks[J]. Chemical Geology, 1988, 68(3−4): 253−273., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837076484408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=91, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moller A, O'brien P J, Kennedy A, et al. Linking growth episodes of zircon and metamorphic textures to zircon chemistry: an example from the ultrahigh-temperature granulites of Rogaland (SW Norway)[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2003, 220(1): 65−81., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837139398969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=80, rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nadeau O, Stix J, Williams-jones A E. The behavior of Cu, Zn and Pb during magmatic–hydrothermal activity at Merapi volcano, Indonesia[J]. Chemical Geology, 2013, 342: 167−179., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837206507834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=81, rfOrder=93, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nesbitt H W, Young G M. Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1984, 48(7): 1523−1534., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837269422395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=82, rfOrder=94, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nesbitt H W, Young G M, Mclennan S M, et al. Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments, with implications for provenance studies[J]. Journal of Geology, 1996, 104(5): 525−542., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837420417340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=83, rfOrder=95, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Niu Y. Earth processes cause Zr–Hf and Nb–Ta fractionations, but why and how?[J]. RSC Advances, 2012, 2(9): 3587−3591., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837487526205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=96, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=O'brien P J, Walte N, LI J. The petrology of two distinct granulite types in the Hengshan Mts, China, and tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(5): 615−627., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837563023678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=97, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ordóñez-Calderón J C, Polat A, Fryer B J, et al. Evidence for HFSE and REE mobility during calc-silicate metasomatism, Mesoarchean (∼3075Ma) Ivisaartoq greenstone belt, southern West Greenland[J]. Precambrian Research, 2008, 161(3-4): 317−340., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837625938239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=86, rfOrder=98, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pan Y, Fleet M E. Geochemistry and origin of cordierite-orthoamphibole gneiss and associated rocks at an Archaean volcanogenic massive sulphide camp: Manitouwadge, Ontario, Canada[J]. Precambrian Research, 1995, 74(1−2): 73−89., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837688852800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=87, rfOrder=99, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pearce J A. Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust[J]. Lithos, 2008, 100(1−4): 14−48., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837755961665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=88, rfOrder=100, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pearce J A, Cann J R. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1973, 19(2): 290−300., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837911150914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=89, rfOrder=101, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peck W H, Valley J W. Genesis of cordierite - gedrite gneisses, Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary thrust zone, Grenville Province, Ontario, Canada[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2000, 38(2): 511−524., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086837974065475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=90, rfOrder=102, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng P, Feng L, Sun F, et al. Dating the Gaofan and Hutuo Groups – Targets to investigate the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event in North China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2017, 138: 535−547., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086838045368644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=91, rfOrder=103, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng P, Guo J, Zhai M, et al. Genesis of the Hengling magmatic belt in the North China Craton: implications for Paleoproterozoic tectonics[J]. Lithos, 2012, 148: 27−44., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086839689535813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=92, rfOrder=104, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Petrelli M, Caricchi L, Perugini D. Machine Learning Thermo‐Barometry: Application to Clinopyroxene‐Bearing Magmas[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2020, 125(9): e2020JB020130., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840029274438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=93, rfOrder=105, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pitra P, Boulvais P, Antonoff V, et al. Wagnerite in a cordierite-gedrite gneiss: Witness of long-term fluid-rock interaction in the continental crust (Ile d’Yeu, Armorican Massif, France)[J]. American Mineralogist, 2008, 93(2−3): 315−326., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840134132039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=94, rfOrder=106, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ptacek M P, Dauphas N, Greber N D. Chemical evolution of the continental crust from a data-driven inversion of terrigenous sediment compositions[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2020, 539: 116090., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840364818760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=95, rfOrder=107, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qian J H, Wei C J. P–T–t evolution of garnet amphibolites in the Wutai–Hengshan area, North China Craton: insights from phase equilibria and geochronology[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2016, 34(5): 423−446., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840440316233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=96, rfOrder=108, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qian J, Wei C, Clarke G L, et al. Metamorphic evolution and Zircon ages of Garnet–orthoamphibole rocks in southern Hengshan, North China Craton: Insights into the regional Paleoproterozoic P–T–t history[J]. Precambrian Research, 2015, 256: 223−240., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840499036490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=97, rfOrder=109, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qian J, Wei C, Yin C. Paleoproterozoic P–T–t evolution in the Hengshan–Wutai–Fuping area, North China Craton: evidence from petrological and geochronological data[J]. Precambrian Research, 2017, 303: 91−104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840570339659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=98, rfOrder=110, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qian J, Wei C, Zhou X, et al. Metamorphic P–T paths and new zircon U–Pb age data for garnet–mica schist from the Wutai Group, North China Craton[J]. Precambrian Research, 2013, 233: 282−296., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840771666252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=99, rfOrder=111, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rahim Y, Li Q, Hu P, et al. Depositional age and provenance of metasedimentary rocks from the Hengshan Complex, North China Craton: implications for the late Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic tectonic setting of the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Precambrian Research, 2024, 404: 107322., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840838775117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=100, rfOrder=112, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Raith M, Karmakar S, Brown M. Ultra-high-temperature metamorphism and multistage decompressional evolution of sapphirine granulites from the Palni Hill ranges, southern India[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1997, 15(3): 379−399., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840910078286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=101, rfOrder=113, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Reinhardt J. Cordierite-anthophyllite rocks from north-west Queensland, Australia: metamorphosed magnesian pelites[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1987, 5(4): 451−472., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086840981381455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=102, rfOrder=114, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rogers J J W, Santosh M. Configuration of Columbia, a Mesoproterozoic Supercontinent[J]. Gondwana Research, 2002, 5(1): 5−22., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841048490320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=103, rfOrder=115, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rubatto D. Zircon: the metamorphic mineral[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2017, 83(1): 261−302., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841203679569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=104, rfOrder=116, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rubatto D, Hermann J. Zircon formation during fluid circulation in eclogites (Monviso, Western Alps): implications for Zr and Hf budget in subduction zones[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2003, 67(12): 2173−2187., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841274982738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=105, rfOrder=117, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Safronov V T. Initial mineral composition and geochemical signature of high-alumina gneisses in the Chupa Formation of the Belomorian Group, the Baltic Shield[J]. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2005, 40(5): 472−482., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841346285907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=106, rfOrder=118, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Seewald J S, Seyfried W E. The effect of temperature on metal mobility in subseafloor hydrothermal systems: constraints from basalt alteration experiments[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1990, 101(2): 388−403., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841413394772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=107, rfOrder=119, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Seyfried W E. Experimental and theoretical constraints on hydrothermal alteration processes at mid-ocean ridges[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1987, 15: 317−335., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841614721365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=108, rfOrder=120, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi G, Li X, Li Q, et al. Ion microprobe U-Pb age and Zr-in-rutile thermometry of rutiles from the Daixian rutile deposit in the Hengshan Mountains, Shanxi Province, China[J]. Economic Geology, 2012, 107(3): 525−535., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841702801750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=109, rfOrder=121, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sláma J, Kosler J, Condon D J, et al. Plesovice zircon: A new natural reference material for U–Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis[J]. Chemical Geology, 2008, 249(1−2): 1−35., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841765716311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=110, rfOrder=122, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Smith M S, Dymek R F, Schneiderman J S. Implications of Trace Element Geochemistry for the Origin of Cordierite-Orthoamphibole Rocks from Orijärvi, SW Finland[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1992, 100(5): 545−559., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841828630872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=111, rfOrder=123, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Souza neto J A, Sallet R, Moritz R, et al. The occurrence of anthophyllite–phlogopite-bearing schist in the Seridó Belt, northeastern Brazil: geological significance and potential guide of prospecting for gold and emerald deposits[J]. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2023, 126: 104334., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086841891545433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=112, rfOrder=124, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sugitani K, Yamashita F, Nagaoka T, et al. Geochemistry and sedimentary petrology of Archean clastic sedimentary rocks at Mt. Goldsworthy, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: evidence for the early evolution of continental crust and hydrothermal alteration[J]. Precambrian Research, 2006, 147(1-2): 124−147., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086842034151770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=113, rfOrder=125, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun D, Li Q, Liu S, et al. Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc evolution in the Wutai-Hengshan-Fuping area, North China Craton: New perspectives from zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data[J]. Precambrian Research, 2019, 331: 105368., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086842097066331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=114, rfOrder=126, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun S S, Mcdonough W F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1989, 42(1): 313−345., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086842172563804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=115, rfOrder=127, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Z, Liao Z, Shen W, et al. Comparing mineral weathering and elemental transport between earth’s critical zone with different parent rocks in Yanshan Mountain, Hebei Province, China[J]. Acta Geochimica, 2022, 41(6): 982−999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086842235478365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=116, rfOrder=128, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Taylor S R, Mclennan S M. The continental crust: its composition and evolution[M]. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1985: 312., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086842298392926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=117, rfOrder=129, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tuttle L, Henry D J, Mogk D W, et al. Archean cordierite-orthopyroxene rocks from the eastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana, USA: insights into the local metamorphic pressure–temperature history[J]. Mineralogical Magazine, 2025, 89(6): 775−790., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086842373890399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=118, rfOrder=130, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vallance T G. Mafic Rock Alteration and Isochemical Development of Some Cordierite-Anthophyllite Rocks[J]. Journal of Petrology, 1967, 8(1): 84−96., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086842520691040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=119, rfOrder=131, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Van Buuren S, Boshuizen H C, Knook D L. Multiple imputation of missing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis[J]. Statistics in Medicine, 1999, 18(6): 681−694., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844194218337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=120, rfOrder=132, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Volkert R A, Peck W H. Constraints from geochemistry and oxygen isotopes for the hydrothermal origin of orthoamphibole mafic gneiss in the New Jersey Highlands, North-Central Appalachians, USA[J]. Lithos, 2017, 294-295: 184-197., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844257132898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=121, rfOrder=133, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Van Achterbergh E, Ryan C, Jackson S, et al. Appendix 3, data reduction software for LA-ICP-MS[A]. In: Sylvester P (ed). Laser-Ablation-ICPMS in the Earth Sciences[C]. Mineral Association of Canada, 2001, 29: 239–243., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844311658851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=122, rfOrder=134, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wan Y, Miao P, Liu D, et al. Formation ages and source regions of the Palaeoproterozoic Gaofan, Hutuo and Dongjiao groups in the Wutai and Dongjiao areas of the North China Craton from SHRIMP U-Pb dating of detrital zircons: Resolution of debates over their stratigraphic relationships[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(13): 1278−1284., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844366184805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=123, rfOrder=135, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang W, Liu S, Santosh M, et al. Neoarchean intra-oceanic arc system in the Western Liaoning Province: Implications for Early Precambrian crustal evolution in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2015, 150: 329−364., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844441682278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=124, rfOrder=136, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wiedenbeck M, Alle P, Corfu F, et al. Three natural zircon standards for U‐Th‐Pb, Lu‐Hf, trace element and REE analyses[J]. Geostandards Newsletter, 1995, 19(1): 1−23., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844508791143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=125, rfOrder=137, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wilde S A, Cawood P A, Wang K, et al. Determining Precambrian crustal evolution in China: a case-study from Wutaishan, Shanxi Province, demonstrating the application of precise SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2004, 226(1): 5−25., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844567511400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=126, rfOrder=138, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Williams I S. Response of detrital zircon and monazite, and their U–Pb isotopic systems, to regional metamorphism and host-rock partial melting, Cooma Complex, southeastern Australia[J]. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2001, 48(4): 557−580., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844626231657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=127, rfOrder=139, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Winchester J A, Floyd P A. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements[J]. Chemical Geology, 1977, 20: 325−343., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844689146218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=128, rfOrder=140, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wolter H U, Seifert F. Mineralogy and genesis of cordierite-anthophyllite rocks from the sulfide deposit of Falun, Sweden[J]. Lithos, 1984, 17: 147−152., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844752060779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=129, rfOrder=141, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yakymchuk C. Prograde zircon growth in migmatites[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2023, 41(5): 719−743., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844810781036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=130, rfOrder=142, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yoshida S, Ueda H, Asanuma H, et al. Y-Ho fractionation during basalt alteration in hydrothermal system: an implication for superchondritic Y/Ho signature recorded in Precambrian banded iron formations[J]. Chemical Geology, 2024, 670: 122421., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086844970164589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=131, rfOrder=143, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu C, Yang T, Zhang J, et al. Coexisting diverse P–T–t paths during Neoarchean sagduction: insights from numerical modeling and applications to the Eastern North China Craton[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2022, 586: 117529., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845058244974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=132, rfOrder=144, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu X, Liu J, Li C, et al. Zircon U–Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis on the Taihua Complex: Constraints on the formation and evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Precambrian Research, 2013, 230: 31−44., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845121159535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=133, rfOrder=145, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhai M, Santosh M. Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth[J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 24(1): 275−297., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845230211440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=134, rfOrder=146, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang H F, Zhu R X, Santosh M, et al. Episodic widespread magma underplating beneath the North China Craton in the Phanerozoic: Implications for craton destruction[J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23(1): 95−107., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845452509553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=135, rfOrder=147, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Zhao G, Li S, et al. Deformation history of the Hengshan Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2007, 29(6): 933−949., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845528007026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=136, rfOrder=148, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Z, Zheng C, Liang C, et al. Metamorphism and P-T evolution of high-pressure granulites from the Fuping Complex, North China Craton[J]. Minerals, 2024, 14(2): 138−166., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845595115891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=137, rfOrder=149, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao G, Cawood P A, Wilde S A, et al. Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-rodinia supercontinent[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2002, 59(1−4): 125−162., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845809025396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=138, rfOrder=150, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao G, Cawood P A, Li S, et al. Amalgamation of the North China Craton: Key issues and discussion[J]. Precambrian Research, 2012, 222−223: 55−76., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845884522869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=139, rfOrder=151, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao G, Sun M, Wilde S A, et al. Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: key issues revisited[J]. Precambrian Research, 2005, 136(2): 177−202., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086845964214646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=140, rfOrder=152, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao G, Wilde S A, Cawood P A, et al. Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: lithological, geochemical, structural and P–T path constraints and tectonic evolution[J]. Precambrian Research, 2001, 107(1−2): 45−73., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086846232650103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=141, rfOrder=153, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zoleikhaei Y, Frei D, Morton A, et al. Roundness of heavy minerals (zircon and apatite) as a provenance tool for unraveling recycling: a case study from the Sefidrud and Sarbaz rivers in N and SE Iran[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2016, 342: 106−117., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307086846316536184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=142, rfOrder=154, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zuo R, Xiong Y, Wang J, et al. Deep learning and its application in geochemical mapping[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, 192: 1−14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086808894955672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808903344281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808894955672, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2State Key Laboratory for Critical Mineral Research and Exploration, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081,Guizhou, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808911732890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808894955672, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086808983036059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808991424668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808983036059, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808995618973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808983036059, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3美国加州大学伯克利分校化学系,美国 加州 94720)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307086814565654725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Location map of Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping area in the North China Craton, and (b) geological map of the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping area, figureFileSmall=gQHZwLx1TTr3zZma71cPhA==, figureFileBig=Mbw6HuyqxE6pgQeSXiNPbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086814628569286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图1, caption=(a)恒山–五台–阜平地区在华北克拉通的位置图(据Zhao et al., 2005修改)和(b)恒山–五台–阜平区域地质图(据白瑾, 1987; Qian et al., 2013; 李秋根等, 2024修改), figureFileSmall=gQHZwLx1TTr3zZma71cPhA==, figureFileBig=Mbw6HuyqxE6pgQeSXiNPbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086814863450311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Field and micrograph photos of orthoamphibole rocks, figureFileSmall=sQHop8UStYYKedsewl6MEQ==, figureFileBig=Wdo970+Y0xH/MOTmCyQ0Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086814934753480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图2, caption=直闪岩野外及镜下照片

a.直闪岩与云母片岩接触;b.两类不同特征的直闪岩(oam);c.纤维状直闪岩(oam)与绿泥石(chl)交代共生;d.十字石(st)边部被他形石英(qtz)所包围;e.巨晶状石榴子石(grt)边缘发育堇青石(crd)+石英(qtz)的冠状体

, figureFileSmall=sQHop8UStYYKedsewl6MEQ==, figureFileBig=Wdo970+Y0xH/MOTmCyQ0Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086815236743369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=(a,b) Primitive-mantle normalized trace element and (c,d) Chondrite normalized REE pattern diagrams of orthoamphibole rocks, figureFileSmall=XUyBvmSKcldi+QknD7gmdQ==, figureFileBig=51XqKPmV+2eqR4tSMki2nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086815320629450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图3, caption=微量元素蛛网图(a、b)及直闪岩稀土元素配分图(c、d)(标准化数据据Sun et al., 1989), figureFileSmall=XUyBvmSKcldi+QknD7gmdQ==, figureFileBig=51XqKPmV+2eqR4tSMki2nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086815614230731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=(a) Cathodoluminescence images and (b,c,d) U–Pb concordia diagram of orthoamphibole rocks, figureFileSmall=F2Cx4CaPASF4kETkQbBpjA==, figureFileBig=YzlNGdXZmS1Rxw+XHyQ2rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817296146636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图4, caption=直闪岩样品锆石阴极发光图像(a)及U-Pb谐和图(b、c、d), figureFileSmall=F2Cx4CaPASF4kETkQbBpjA==, figureFileBig=YzlNGdXZmS1Rxw+XHyQ2rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817354866893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Confusion matrix diagram of the Random Forest model, figureFileSmall=N4muPgf+ezURzwTnCocndw==, figureFileBig=hGdEkyvUc/RlfD7aXWNi7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817417781454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图5, caption=随机森林模型混淆矩阵图, figureFileSmall=N4muPgf+ezURzwTnCocndw==, figureFileBig=hGdEkyvUc/RlfD7aXWNi7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817476501711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=ROC curve diagram of the random forest model, figureFileSmall=fMIFx3yS9AtU+a+F3GZQUw==, figureFileBig=GKz/w6t0OH1GnYOsRfT0Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817547804880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图6, caption=随机森林模型ROC曲线图, figureFileSmall=fMIFx3yS9AtU+a+F3GZQUw==, figureFileBig=GKz/w6t0OH1GnYOsRfT0Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817749131473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Feature Importance diagram of the random forest model, figureFileSmall=lwtJnKckBwl6nHMD2gXflg==, figureFileBig=HoCMGk/yKkE7/4hA8S+DYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817816240338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图7, caption=随机森林模型特征重要性图, figureFileSmall=lwtJnKckBwl6nHMD2gXflg==, figureFileBig=HoCMGk/yKkE7/4hA8S+DYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817879154899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Th/U radio vs 207Pb/ 206Pb age and histogram of 207Pb/ 206Pb ages, figureFileSmall=iDIhDSpwBP8ARPbr0JhQKg==, figureFileBig=nD2YlKE16ppMqQBRbmGVeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086817946263764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Th/U值对207Pb/ 206Pb 表观年龄以及207Pb/ 206Pb直方图, figureFileSmall=iDIhDSpwBP8ARPbr0JhQKg==, figureFileBig=nD2YlKE16ppMqQBRbmGVeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086818185339093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Isocon diagram for the alteration from basaltic precursor to orthoamphibole rock(based on median compositions), figureFileSmall=pBtHGbZ9aOfJ8/uG1yBYZg==, figureFileBig=NFH8Z/xPxUVH3A8sTYViFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086818248253654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=图9, caption=从玄武质前体蚀变成直闪岩的质量平衡图解(基于中位数), figureFileSmall=pBtHGbZ9aOfJ8/uG1yBYZg==, figureFileBig=NFH8Z/xPxUVH3A8sTYViFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086818327945431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Major (%) and trace element (10−6) analysis results of orthoamphibole rocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品类型直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩
样品号16WT3-216DX23-516DX24-216DX24-316DX24-416DX25-416DX25-524HT-224HT-324HT-424HT-5
SiO234.5241.0356.4861.1563.9552.6651.8747.6943.4044.6240.34
Al2O316.367.2212.5413.7314.1213.6316.0714.9110.377.6110.86
TFe2O38.7519.3316.6112.379.6624.4016.1915.876.5012.0010.68
CaO1.832.810.220.680.181.090.150.170.150.801.41
MgO26.6223.9411.059.769.967.0213.4815.3929.1227.6827.58
K2O0.030.030.030.180.040.130.020.010.030.010.02
Na2O0.030.030.910.030.030.030.030.150.300.190.24
MnO0.060.050.030.120.040.070.040.000.020.040.03
TiO21.581.070.840.881.050.761.070.952.461.471.63
P2O50.450.310.350.290.580.180.260.030.020.220.29
LOI9.703.100.760.350.950.770.754.827.645.346.84
TOTAL99.9298.9299.8299.54100.55100.7299.9399.9999.9999.9899.93
Li15.054.1910.6218.6118.3529.4532.754.637.958.316.84
Be0.500.360.260.140.410.990.560.170.190.170.28
Sc60.3834.2349.3837.4436.1240.1939.7533.9093.6082.5096.90
V536.80533.20265.50268.69294.55409.84309.56284.00422.00424.00547.00
Cr183.5938.8437.1423.4014.3445.8436.8832.00147.0063.3093.50
Co31.2060.1525.4521.2228.9345.2639.3481.9038.6057.3058.40
Ni87.12145.0825.4123.4626.9353.6831.90175.0067.30117.00126.00
Cu1.0019.120.160.060.711.356.9519.504.063.373.79
Zn88.7397.07102.4543.86109.79146.7561.4427.0015.2021.9020.50
Ga23.6912.2517.2619.6120.9738.2736.549.4819.2015.3021.90
Rb0.980.096.821.280.221.060.680.111.770.150.21
Sr6.8326.9128.2816.7815.4711.2315.673.024.064.056.92
Y34.1934.6157.9829.0523.5030.5324.9717.7021.1039.9069.20
Zr105.4548.4496.38111.8595.54106.55100.0193.50118.0077.7078.30
Nb4.926.714.815.355.336.685.729.4316.2013.2014.50
Cs0.130.061.240.680.440.580.560.060.530.130.16
Ba4.9018.8235.0024.012.4914.7631.700.943.012.653.68
La3.864.916.089.868.7313.518.491.090.942.516.00
Ce10.1919.6515.2822.3219.7732.4817.082.802.537.6518.30
Pr1.543.201.942.762.484.272.040.440.381.313.21
Nd7.4716.558.5312.0311.3619.438.902.431.927.0918.20
Sm2.444.412.173.002.674.942.370.870.702.556.63
Eu0.950.490.840.860.831.930.940.040.080.180.56
Gd3.835.123.763.563.044.722.691.611.283.869.34
Tb0.760.810.900.620.540.740.480.320.290.731.60
Dy5.535.237.404.263.674.753.372.342.335.0710.10
Ho1.241.111.790.970.821.050.800.590.671.282.29
Er3.783.365.873.172.653.392.721.942.404.226.72
Tm0.560.490.910.490.410.530.440.350.470.751.07
Yb3.683.506.203.332.923.733.162.503.385.216.75
Lu0.560.590.940.500.450.580.500.470.610.921.11
Hf2.690.791.942.412.082.352.171.602.701.641.78
Ta0.890.280.250.280.520.430.360.240.320.210.49
Th0.531.620.591.050.780.910.700.750.810.372.85
U0.060.210.280.210.120.210.230.060.150.060.11
(La/Yb)N0.751.010.702.122.152.601.930.310.200.350.64
Eu/Eu*0.950.310.900.810.881.201.140.100.260.180.22
ΣREE46.3969.4062.5967.7560.3496.0553.9917.8017.9743.3391.88
样品类型石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
样品号16WT3-416DX24-618DX1-118DX1-218DX1-318DX1-718DX1-1118DX1-1218DX1-1524LJG01-124LJG01-3
SiO248.2755.7054.3050.6051.2268.5660.7162.1551.2253.3346.11
Al2O313.4612.6515.1113.8713.0710.3412.4612.5914.4614.3617.00
TFe2O318.0819.0016.7025.2525.8811.1411.7512.9923.0920.6023.00
CaO1.320.000.070.580.160.080.370.220.270.220.24
MgO11.3010.4311.647.587.887.998.509.129.5510.3312.22
K2O0.070.020.020.050.040.010.070.010.030.020.02
Na2O0.030.030.030.810.030.033.640.550.030.150.08
MnO0.140.040.040.060.070.010.020.030.030.070.02
TiO21.291.091.030.901.150.841.301.100.920.840.89
P2O50.370.400.250.250.240.300.250.240.210.080.39
LOI5.61−0.36−0.580.200.810.83−0.11−0.251.210.000.00
TOTAL99.9498.9898.61100.15100.56100.1298.9898.75101.0299.9999.98
Li33.7636.0610.9512.5122.9526.8310.9013.973.4911.3010.50
Be0.170.340.030.130.430.810.400.300.610.350.44
Sc51.7769.9845.5546.8328.3823.1337.6748.8641.4043.1037.80
V471.34661.88220.38230.15260.41221.24266.13254.86299.21254.00296.00
Cr129.2741.5921.2844.868.5053.3124.9064.91309.2466.7064.60
Co59.18123.5454.4848.9126.1226.6541.4973.0744.8659.4069.70
Ni100.4364.4421.6836.9618.7417.7941.2524.0390.1042.1051.80
Cu96.711.559.258.690.462.717.5421.75147.854.012.81
Zn116.42145.6091.46179.1350.7515.2532.1951.34121.1633.3036.20
Ga19.7064.1211.1019.3548.0136.3914.0221.8617.4818.9021.70
Rb2.268.201.242.310.591.591.872.8317.780.310.13
Sr20.7213.9210.2515.0224.1918.0824.7815.26151.335.134.89
Y32.7146.9028.8230.725.2667.2727.0520.4012.4327.3023.80
Zr77.12186.0696.5699.0384.50365.44102.5486.2342.4582.30100.00
Nb3.249.804.986.022.8119.315.035.033.274.014.89
Cs0.461.960.891.190.711.110.480.911.200.400.13
Ba9.0412.7914.7115.273.8016.4135.3028.1533.418.780.39
La4.0021.0510.246.223.0921.016.673.543.797.236.77
Ce11.1849.8522.5516.267.3854.7116.048.4910.2816.6015.60
Pr1.696.423.382.061.007.642.121.211.502.232.13
Nd9.0328.9113.829.264.8137.349.666.086.929.609.31
Sm3.157.293.132.461.4610.762.792.021.822.352.46
Eu1.383.281.701.220.893.111.941.231.101.211.22
Gd4.387.373.373.251.5611.823.322.791.993.172.95
Tb0.801.140.590.620.211.890.580.470.320.590.51
Dy5.457.224.134.541.1411.713.943.132.073.933.40
Ho1.151.560.941.040.232.390.880.690.440.920.81
Er3.384.853.123.360.687.232.912.241.322.752.54
Tm0.470.730.490.520.101.050.440.340.200.450.43
Yb3.024.983.503.670.687.273.102.391.342.752.86
Lu0.470.820.580.580.121.100.490.410.210.430.48
Hf1.664.101.912.161.768.502.081.730.882.092.55
Ta0.190.670.310.330.190.960.280.280.370.500.21
Th0.281.590.870.590.791.590.650.380.290.730.89
U0.060.180.250.260.740.470.140.15 0.210.21
(La/Yb)N0.953.032.101.213.282.071.541.062.031.891.70
Eu/Eu*1.141.351.591.311.780.841.941.581.751.361.38
ΣREE49.56145.4771.5455.0523.34179.0354.8935.0233.3054.2051.48
), ArticleFig(id=1307086818457968856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

直闪岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10−6)分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品类型直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩直闪岩
样品号16WT3-216DX23-516DX24-216DX24-316DX24-416DX25-416DX25-524HT-224HT-324HT-424HT-5
SiO234.5241.0356.4861.1563.9552.6651.8747.6943.4044.6240.34
Al2O316.367.2212.5413.7314.1213.6316.0714.9110.377.6110.86
TFe2O38.7519.3316.6112.379.6624.4016.1915.876.5012.0010.68
CaO1.832.810.220.680.181.090.150.170.150.801.41
MgO26.6223.9411.059.769.967.0213.4815.3929.1227.6827.58
K2O0.030.030.030.180.040.130.020.010.030.010.02
Na2O0.030.030.910.030.030.030.030.150.300.190.24
MnO0.060.050.030.120.040.070.040.000.020.040.03
TiO21.581.070.840.881.050.761.070.952.461.471.63
P2O50.450.310.350.290.580.180.260.030.020.220.29
LOI9.703.100.760.350.950.770.754.827.645.346.84
TOTAL99.9298.9299.8299.54100.55100.7299.9399.9999.9999.9899.93
Li15.054.1910.6218.6118.3529.4532.754.637.958.316.84
Be0.500.360.260.140.410.990.560.170.190.170.28
Sc60.3834.2349.3837.4436.1240.1939.7533.9093.6082.5096.90
V536.80533.20265.50268.69294.55409.84309.56284.00422.00424.00547.00
Cr183.5938.8437.1423.4014.3445.8436.8832.00147.0063.3093.50
Co31.2060.1525.4521.2228.9345.2639.3481.9038.6057.3058.40
Ni87.12145.0825.4123.4626.9353.6831.90175.0067.30117.00126.00
Cu1.0019.120.160.060.711.356.9519.504.063.373.79
Zn88.7397.07102.4543.86109.79146.7561.4427.0015.2021.9020.50
Ga23.6912.2517.2619.6120.9738.2736.549.4819.2015.3021.90
Rb0.980.096.821.280.221.060.680.111.770.150.21
Sr6.8326.9128.2816.7815.4711.2315.673.024.064.056.92
Y34.1934.6157.9829.0523.5030.5324.9717.7021.1039.9069.20
Zr105.4548.4496.38111.8595.54106.55100.0193.50118.0077.7078.30
Nb4.926.714.815.355.336.685.729.4316.2013.2014.50
Cs0.130.061.240.680.440.580.560.060.530.130.16
Ba4.9018.8235.0024.012.4914.7631.700.943.012.653.68
La3.864.916.089.868.7313.518.491.090.942.516.00
Ce10.1919.6515.2822.3219.7732.4817.082.802.537.6518.30
Pr1.543.201.942.762.484.272.040.440.381.313.21
Nd7.4716.558.5312.0311.3619.438.902.431.927.0918.20
Sm2.444.412.173.002.674.942.370.870.702.556.63
Eu0.950.490.840.860.831.930.940.040.080.180.56
Gd3.835.123.763.563.044.722.691.611.283.869.34
Tb0.760.810.900.620.540.740.480.320.290.731.60
Dy5.535.237.404.263.674.753.372.342.335.0710.10
Ho1.241.111.790.970.821.050.800.590.671.282.29
Er3.783.365.873.172.653.392.721.942.404.226.72
Tm0.560.490.910.490.410.530.440.350.470.751.07
Yb3.683.506.203.332.923.733.162.503.385.216.75
Lu0.560.590.940.500.450.580.500.470.610.921.11
Hf2.690.791.942.412.082.352.171.602.701.641.78
Ta0.890.280.250.280.520.430.360.240.320.210.49
Th0.531.620.591.050.780.910.700.750.810.372.85
U0.060.210.280.210.120.210.230.060.150.060.11
(La/Yb)N0.751.010.702.122.152.601.930.310.200.350.64
Eu/Eu*0.950.310.900.810.881.201.140.100.260.180.22
ΣREE46.3969.4062.5967.7560.3496.0553.9917.8017.9743.3391.88
样品类型石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
石榴直
闪岩
样品号16WT3-416DX24-618DX1-118DX1-218DX1-318DX1-718DX1-1118DX1-1218DX1-1524LJG01-124LJG01-3
SiO248.2755.7054.3050.6051.2268.5660.7162.1551.2253.3346.11
Al2O313.4612.6515.1113.8713.0710.3412.4612.5914.4614.3617.00
TFe2O318.0819.0016.7025.2525.8811.1411.7512.9923.0920.6023.00
CaO1.320.000.070.580.160.080.370.220.270.220.24
MgO11.3010.4311.647.587.887.998.509.129.5510.3312.22
K2O0.070.020.020.050.040.010.070.010.030.020.02
Na2O0.030.030.030.810.030.033.640.550.030.150.08
MnO0.140.040.040.060.070.010.020.030.030.070.02
TiO21.291.091.030.901.150.841.301.100.920.840.89
P2O50.370.400.250.250.240.300.250.240.210.080.39
LOI5.61−0.36−0.580.200.810.83−0.11−0.251.210.000.00
TOTAL99.9498.9898.61100.15100.56100.1298.9898.75101.0299.9999.98
Li33.7636.0610.9512.5122.9526.8310.9013.973.4911.3010.50
Be0.170.340.030.130.430.810.400.300.610.350.44
Sc51.7769.9845.5546.8328.3823.1337.6748.8641.4043.1037.80
V471.34661.88220.38230.15260.41221.24266.13254.86299.21254.00296.00
Cr129.2741.5921.2844.868.5053.3124.9064.91309.2466.7064.60
Co59.18123.5454.4848.9126.1226.6541.4973.0744.8659.4069.70
Ni100.4364.4421.6836.9618.7417.7941.2524.0390.1042.1051.80
Cu96.711.559.258.690.462.717.5421.75147.854.012.81
Zn116.42145.6091.46179.1350.7515.2532.1951.34121.1633.3036.20
Ga19.7064.1211.1019.3548.0136.3914.0221.8617.4818.9021.70
Rb2.268.201.242.310.591.591.872.8317.780.310.13
Sr20.7213.9210.2515.0224.1918.0824.7815.26151.335.134.89
Y32.7146.9028.8230.725.2667.2727.0520.4012.4327.3023.80
Zr77.12186.0696.5699.0384.50365.44102.5486.2342.4582.30100.00
Nb3.249.804.986.022.8119.315.035.033.274.014.89
Cs0.461.960.891.190.711.110.480.911.200.400.13
Ba9.0412.7914.7115.273.8016.4135.3028.1533.418.780.39
La4.0021.0510.246.223.0921.016.673.543.797.236.77
Ce11.1849.8522.5516.267.3854.7116.048.4910.2816.6015.60
Pr1.696.423.382.061.007.642.121.211.502.232.13
Nd9.0328.9113.829.264.8137.349.666.086.929.609.31
Sm3.157.293.132.461.4610.762.792.021.822.352.46
Eu1.383.281.701.220.893.111.941.231.101.211.22
Gd4.387.373.373.251.5611.823.322.791.993.172.95
Tb0.801.140.590.620.211.890.580.470.320.590.51
Dy5.457.224.134.541.1411.713.943.132.073.933.40
Ho1.151.560.941.040.232.390.880.690.440.920.81
Er3.384.853.123.360.687.232.912.241.322.752.54
Tm0.470.730.490.520.101.050.440.340.200.450.43
Yb3.024.983.503.670.687.273.102.391.342.752.86
Lu0.470.820.580.580.121.100.490.410.210.430.48
Hf1.664.101.912.161.768.502.081.730.882.092.55
Ta0.190.670.310.330.190.960.280.280.370.500.21
Th0.281.590.870.590.791.590.650.380.290.730.89
U0.060.180.250.260.740.470.140.15 0.210.21
(La/Yb)N0.953.032.101.213.282.071.541.062.031.891.70
Eu/Eu*1.141.351.591.311.780.841.941.581.751.361.38
ΣREE49.56145.4771.5455.0523.34179.0354.8935.0233.3054.2051.48
), ArticleFig(id=1307086818617352409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Zircon U-Pb isotopic data for orthoamphibole rocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号Th/U同位素比值表观年龄(Ma)谐和度
(%)
Pb207/Pb2061sigmaPb207/U2351sigmaPb206/U2381sigmaPb207/Pb2061sigmaPb206/U2381sigma
16DX24-7-010.020.118710.002125.406370.093820.330240.0037819373218401895
16DX24-7-020.020.119000.002235.780270.105980.352210.00419194133194520100
16DX24-7-030.010.117340.002005.371010.088750.331900.0036719163018481896
16DX24-7-040.020.120000.002385.562840.107920.336140.0041319563518682095
16DX24-7-050.010.119600.002115.769520.099090.349800.0039819503119341999
16DX24-7-060.020.117900.007285.706650.350630.350980.00872192510719394299
16DX24-7-070.160.122000.005715.165330.240140.307010.0076919868117263885
16DX24-7-080.040.119560.010085.595620.468990.339380.01039195014318845097
16DX24-7-090.010.118810.002185.323220.095050.324900.0037819383318141893
16DX24-7-100.020.115390.012945.620010.628260.353190.01502188618919507297
16DX24-7-110.010.118300.002575.315420.113390.325810.0043419313818182194
16DX24-7-120.090.119950.006615.614960.308820.339440.0092319569518844496
16DX24-7-130.090.120530.005705.554210.262030.334160.0080319648218593994
16DX24-7-140.020.117260.010755.387150.489590.333130.01070191515618545297
16DX24-7-150.120.118820.003585.808030.174420.354460.0063619395319563099
16DX24-7-160.050.119380.008295.717320.397090.347280.01182194711919225799
16DX24-7-170.010.120760.002335.582770.104950.335240.0039819683418641994
16DX24-7-180.010.118920.002175.393400.095380.328870.0037419403218331894
16DX24-7-190.020.118380.002235.611430.102710.343730.0039919323319051999
16DX24-7-200.070.122100.005585.637550.255700.334820.0070119877918623493
16DX23-6-0119.320.151310.002857.711620.141290.369600.0043623613220282184
16DX23-6-0211.720.152730.002739.094740.158050.431830.0048523773023142297
16DX23-6-030.120.117240.002395.518930.109970.341350.0042219153618932099
16DX23-6-040.520.116800.002145.643180.100180.350370.0039119083319361999
16DX23-6-0525.880.148960.002835.990280.110070.291620.0033823343216501759
16DX23-6-060.260.119270.002175.421390.095490.329640.0036419453218371894
16DX23-6-070.100.119700.003245.738450.153870.347660.0056119524819232799
16DX23-6-080.050.116040.003165.514210.148620.344600.0054818964819092699
16DX23-6-095.780.155130.002979.597080.179550.448640.0053324033223892499
16DX23-6-100.310.119300.003225.640620.150600.342870.0054519464719012698
16DX23-6-110.610.116150.002215.512860.101980.344190.00388189834190719100
16DX23-6-120.680.154760.002919.613280.175850.450470.00512239932239723100
16DX23-6-130.760.169100.0032511.414240.214620.489500.0057725493225692599
16DX23-6-140.250.117620.002335.589850.107500.344650.0039919203519091999
16DX23-6-150.260.116540.002235.604820.103950.348770.0039119043419291999
16DX23-6-160.430.117820.002345.557750.107070.342100.0039419233518971999
16DX23-6-170.480.115280.002285.518280.105910.347130.0039718843519211998
16DX23-6-180.090.117130.002275.518800.103540.341700.0038319133418951899
16DX23-6-190.360.116340.002315.581750.107900.347940.0039919013519251999
16DX23-6-200.020.116760.002265.716090.107290.355030.0039619073419591997
16WT3-3-010.030.119220.007135.775350.340740.351210.007621945103194036100
16WT3-3-020.370.171090.0102510.944860.647850.463810.0102425689724564595
16WT3-3-030.480.166980.0141110.845000.924050.470890.01914252813524888498
16WT3-3-040.640.165890.0103410.654670.655820.465650.01042251710124644698
16WT3-3-050.060.121570.008005.741570.373410.342420.00830197911318984096
16WT3-3-061.140.173200.011397.886570.511700.330130.00737258910618393659
16WT3-3-072.080.058210.008600.324740.047500.040450.00120537295256710
16WT3-3-080.020.115280.009105.423670.424950.341100.010401884136189250100
), ArticleFig(id=1307086818705432794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

直闪岩样品锆石U–Pb 分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号Th/U同位素比值表观年龄(Ma)谐和度
(%)
Pb207/Pb2061sigmaPb207/U2351sigmaPb206/U2381sigmaPb207/Pb2061sigmaPb206/U2381sigma
16DX24-7-010.020.118710.002125.406370.093820.330240.0037819373218401895
16DX24-7-020.020.119000.002235.780270.105980.352210.00419194133194520100
16DX24-7-030.010.117340.002005.371010.088750.331900.0036719163018481896
16DX24-7-040.020.120000.002385.562840.107920.336140.0041319563518682095
16DX24-7-050.010.119600.002115.769520.099090.349800.0039819503119341999
16DX24-7-060.020.117900.007285.706650.350630.350980.00872192510719394299
16DX24-7-070.160.122000.005715.165330.240140.307010.0076919868117263885
16DX24-7-080.040.119560.010085.595620.468990.339380.01039195014318845097
16DX24-7-090.010.118810.002185.323220.095050.324900.0037819383318141893
16DX24-7-100.020.115390.012945.620010.628260.353190.01502188618919507297
16DX24-7-110.010.118300.002575.315420.113390.325810.0043419313818182194
16DX24-7-120.090.119950.006615.614960.308820.339440.0092319569518844496
16DX24-7-130.090.120530.005705.554210.262030.334160.0080319648218593994
16DX24-7-140.020.117260.010755.387150.489590.333130.01070191515618545297
16DX24-7-150.120.118820.003585.808030.174420.354460.0063619395319563099
16DX24-7-160.050.119380.008295.717320.397090.347280.01182194711919225799
16DX24-7-170.010.120760.002335.582770.104950.335240.0039819683418641994
16DX24-7-180.010.118920.002175.393400.095380.328870.0037419403218331894
16DX24-7-190.020.118380.002235.611430.102710.343730.0039919323319051999
16DX24-7-200.070.122100.005585.637550.255700.334820.0070119877918623493
16DX23-6-0119.320.151310.002857.711620.141290.369600.0043623613220282184
16DX23-6-0211.720.152730.002739.094740.158050.431830.0048523773023142297
16DX23-6-030.120.117240.002395.518930.109970.341350.0042219153618932099
16DX23-6-040.520.116800.002145.643180.100180.350370.0039119083319361999
16DX23-6-0525.880.148960.002835.990280.110070.291620.0033823343216501759
16DX23-6-060.260.119270.002175.421390.095490.329640.0036419453218371894
16DX23-6-070.100.119700.003245.738450.153870.347660.0056119524819232799
16DX23-6-080.050.116040.003165.514210.148620.344600.0054818964819092699
16DX23-6-095.780.155130.002979.597080.179550.448640.0053324033223892499
16DX23-6-100.310.119300.003225.640620.150600.342870.0054519464719012698
16DX23-6-110.610.116150.002215.512860.101980.344190.00388189834190719100
16DX23-6-120.680.154760.002919.613280.175850.450470.00512239932239723100
16DX23-6-130.760.169100.0032511.414240.214620.489500.0057725493225692599
16DX23-6-140.250.117620.002335.589850.107500.344650.0039919203519091999
16DX23-6-150.260.116540.002235.604820.103950.348770.0039119043419291999
16DX23-6-160.430.117820.002345.557750.107070.342100.0039419233518971999
16DX23-6-170.480.115280.002285.518280.105910.347130.0039718843519211998
16DX23-6-180.090.117130.002275.518800.103540.341700.0038319133418951899
16DX23-6-190.360.116340.002315.581750.107900.347940.0039919013519251999
16DX23-6-200.020.116760.002265.716090.107290.355030.0039619073419591997
16WT3-3-010.030.119220.007135.775350.340740.351210.007621945103194036100
16WT3-3-020.370.171090.0102510.944860.647850.463810.0102425689724564595
16WT3-3-030.480.166980.0141110.845000.924050.470890.01914252813524888498
16WT3-3-040.640.165890.0103410.654670.655820.465650.01042251710124644698
16WT3-3-050.060.121570.008005.741570.373410.342420.00830197911318984096
16WT3-3-061.140.173200.011397.886570.511700.330130.00737258910618393659
16WT3-3-072.080.058210.008600.324740.047500.040450.00120537295256710
16WT3-3-080.020.115280.009105.423670.424950.341100.010401884136189250100
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1306267142871679062, delFlag=0, nameCn=西北地质, nameEn=Northwestern Geology, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1009-6248, eissn=null, cn=61-1149/P, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=g2W/dgWgrdfgFI9n2w7LWA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Northwestern Geology, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1789367956135, updatedTime=1789370261553, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=X, firstLetterEn=X, subjectCode=Science, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Science, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=g2W/dgWgrdfgFI9n2w7LWA==, picEn=HA+pr3B5s55cMNFqTCcq7w==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1306276812607213966, language=CN, name=西北地质, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789370261575, updatedTime=1789370261575, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/xbdz, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/xbdz, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/xbdz, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1306276812661739919, language=EN, name=Northwestern Geology, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789370261588, updatedTime=1789370261588, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/xbdz, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/xbdz, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/xbdz, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1306274195778404443, websiteList=[Website(id=1306284065330586563, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1306274195778404443, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1789371990838, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789373679297, updateBy=18614031015, name=西北地质-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=西北地质, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1306291362576495313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789373730558, updateTime=1789373730558, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362555523790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789373730553, updateTime=1789373730553, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362614244052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373730567, updateTime=1789373730567, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362547135181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/CN/file/pic?fileId=xvVA02G0wplFZSMI4Nm5tw==, createTime=1789373730551, updateTime=1789373730551, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362631021270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373730571, updateTime=1789373730571, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362572301008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1789373730557, updateTime=1789373730557, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362622632661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373730569, updateTime=1789373730569, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362563912399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1789373730555, updateTime=1789373730555, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362584883922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789373730560, updateTime=1789373730560, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291362593272531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065330586563, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789373730562, updateTime=1789373730562, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1306284065741628379, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1306274195778404443, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1789371990857, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789373700339, updateBy=18614031015, name=西北地质-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Northwestern Geology, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1306291335716172484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789373724154, updateTime=1789373724154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335695200961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789373724149, updateTime=1789373724149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335745532615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373724161, updateTime=1789373724161, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335686812352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/EN/file/pic?fileId=xvVA02G0wplFZSMI4Nm5tw==, createTime=1789373724147, updateTime=1789373724147, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335762309833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373724165, updateTime=1789373724165, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335707783875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1789373724152, updateTime=1789373724152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335753921224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789373724163, updateTime=1789373724163, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335703589570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1789373724151, updateTime=1789373724151, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335728755397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789373724157, updateTime=1789373724157, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1306291335737144006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1306284065741628379, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789373724159, updateTime=1789373724159, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=西北地质, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.xbdz.net.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Northwestern Geology, journalPhotoCn=g2W/dgWgrdfgFI9n2w7LWA==, journalPhotoEn=HA+pr3B5s55cMNFqTCcq7w==, journalFirstLetter=X, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/CN/10.12401/j.nwg.2025173, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/EN/10.12401/j.nwg.2025173, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/CN/PDF/10.12401/j.nwg.2025173, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/EN/PDF/10.12401/j.nwg.2025173, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1787155200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
运用机器学习与地球化学指纹相结合的方法恢复山西五台–恒山地区直闪岩的原岩
收藏切换
PDF下载
左锦堂 1 , 李秋根 1, 2, * , 刘树文 1 , 黄萧 1 , 王筱煜 1, 3
西北地质 | 人工智能在地质学领域的应用研究 2026,59(4): 63-84
收起
收藏切换
西北地质 |人工智能在地质学领域的应用研究 2026 , 59 (4) : 63 -84
运用机器学习与地球化学指纹相结合的方法恢复山西五台–恒山地区直闪岩的原岩
全屏
[Author(id=1307086809314386079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1250093412@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086809377300641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809314386079, language=EN, stringName=Jintang ZUO, firstName=Jintang, middleName=null, lastName=ZUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086809436020898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809314386079, language=CN, stringName=左锦堂, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081, bio={"content":"

左锦堂(2001−),男,硕士研究生,地球化学专业。E−mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

左锦堂(2001−),男,硕士研究生,地球化学专业。E−mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1307086809792536740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qgli@pku.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810153246887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809792536740, language=EN, stringName=Qiugen LI, firstName=Qiugen, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
2State Key Laboratory for Critical Mineral Research and Exploration, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081,Guizhou, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810224550056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086809792536740, language=CN, stringName=李秋根, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081
2关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086808894955672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808903344281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808894955672, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2State Key Laboratory for Critical Mineral Research and Exploration, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081,Guizhou, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808911732890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808894955672, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081)])]), Author(id=1307086810316824746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810648174764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086810316824746, language=EN, stringName=Shuwen LIU, firstName=Shuwen, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086810987913389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086810316824746, language=CN, stringName=刘树文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1307086812686606511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086812762103985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086812686606511, language=EN, stringName=Xiao HUANG, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086812820824242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086812686606511, language=CN, stringName=黄萧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1307086813097648308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086813181534391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086813097648308, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyu WANG, firstName=Xiaoyu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
3Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307086813240254648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, authorId=1307086813097648308, language=CN, stringName=王筱煜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081
3美国加州大学伯克利分校化学系,美国 加州 94720, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086808479719573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808492302486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808500691095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808479719573, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086808983036059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808991424668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808983036059, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086808995618973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086210032235100, companyId=1307086808983036059, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3美国加州大学伯克利分校化学系,美国 加州 94720)])])]
左锦堂1 , 李秋根1, 2, * , 刘树文1, 黄萧1, 王筱煜1, 3
作者信息
  • 1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 2关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081
  • 3美国加州大学伯克利分校化学系,美国 加州 94720
通讯作者:
李秋根(1973−),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事前寒武纪地质学、岩石地球化学、独居石化学法测年及沉积大地构造学研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

左锦堂(2001−),男,硕士研究生,地球化学专业。E−mail:

Reconstructing Protolith Compositions of the Orthoamphibole Rocks from Wutai-Hengshan Area of the North China Craton by combining Machine Learning and Geochemical Fingerprints
Jintang ZUO1 , Qiugen LI1, 2, * , Shuwen LIU1, Xiao HUANG1, Xiaoyu WANG1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory for Critical Mineral Research and Exploration, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081,Guizhou, China
  • 3Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
出版时间: 2026-08-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025173
文章导航
收藏切换

恒山–五台地区出露的直闪岩具有特殊的矿物组合(直闪石+石榴子石)和地球化学特征(富Fe、Mg、Al,贫Ca、碱),因受后期变质作用以及构造扰动影响,有关其原岩属性长期存在争议。笔者在详细的野外调查及岩相学观察的基础上,采用机器学习和地球化学指纹相结合的方法对直闪岩进行了系统研究。在机器学习方面,构建了包含太古代玄武岩与泥质岩的地球化学数据库,利用随机森林(Random Forest)算法建立原岩判别模型,并结合Isocon质量平衡分析探讨元素迁移规律,最终确定该直闪岩的原岩。随机森林模型基于不活动元素的判别结果显示,直闪岩样品与太古代玄武岩成因联系密切,其稀土配分模式及较高的Co、Sc含量与太古代玄武岩吻合,显著区别于典型泥质岩。Isocon质量平衡分析揭示岩石经历了约26%的净质量亏损,伴随有Ca、Na等活动组分的强烈淋滤。特别是Zr–Hf的解耦、Th的异常富集以及Zn的离散分布指示了直闪岩在形成过程中经历了沉积过程中的机械分选。锆石U–Pb定年获得了直闪岩中碎屑锆石主要年龄峰集中在~2520 Ma,表明其沉积物源较为单一,主要来源于区内~2.52 Ga的岩浆岩;变质锆石年龄约为1.92 Ga,记录了华北克拉通古元古代拼合事件。因此,笔者推断恒山直闪岩的原岩为富镁铁质的沉积岩,其源于太古代玄武质岩石。该玄武质源区在经历风化作用、沉积作用及其后约1.92 Ga的角闪岩相变质作用形成了现今的直闪岩。

地球化学  /  直闪岩  /  机器学习  /  锆石U–Pb年龄  /  原岩恢复  /  华北克拉通

The orthoamphibole rocks exposed in the Hengshan-Wutai area are characterized by a distinctive mineral assemblages (anthophyllite + garnet) and unique geochemical signatures (enriched in Fe, Mg and Al, depleted in Ca and alkalis). However, their protolith and petrogenesis remain a subject of long-standing debate due to the perturbed effects of subsequent metamorphism and tectonic deformation. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation of these rocks by integrating detailed field surveys and petrographic observations with machine learning algorithms and geochemical fingerprints. For the machine learning techniques, we constructed a geochemical database comprising Archean basalts and pelitic rocks and designed a Random Forest classification model by training classifers with the geochemical compositional database. Combined with Isocon mass balance analysis, which should be possible to formulate the relationships between immobile and potentially mobile elements, the trained classifers enable to classify the orthoamphibole rocks exhibiting a strong genetic affinity with the Archean basalts. Moreover, their rare earth element (REE) patterns and elevated Co and Sc concentrations are consistent with those of Archean basalts and distinct from typical pelitic rocks. Isocon mass balance analysis indicates that the protoliths underwent a net mass loss of approximately 26%, accompanied by intense leaching of mobile components such as Ca and Na. Notably, the decoupling of Zr–Hf, the anomalous enrichment of Th, and the scattered distribution of Zn suggest that the precursors underwent mechanical sorting during sedimentation. Additionally, zircon U–Pb dating yielded a primary detrital age peak at ~2520 Ma, suggesting a uniform provenance derived mainly from local ~2.52 Ga magmatic rocks. Metamorphic zircon ages cluster around 1.92 Ga, recording a Paleoproterozoic collision event in the North China Craton. Consequently, we propose that the protoliths of the Hengshan anthophyllite rocks was a mafic-rich sedimentary rock derived from Archean basaltic sources. These rocks formed through chemical weathering of the basaltic source, followed by depositional processes and subsequent amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ~1.92 Ga.

geochemistry  /  orthoamphibole rocks  /  machine learning  /  zircon U–Pb age  /  protolith reconstruction  /  North China Craton
左锦堂, 李秋根, 刘树文, 黄萧, 王筱煜. 运用机器学习与地球化学指纹相结合的方法恢复山西五台–恒山地区直闪岩的原岩. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (4) : 63 -84 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025173
Jintang ZUO, Qiugen LI, Shuwen LIU, Xiao HUANG, Xiaoyu WANG. Reconstructing Protolith Compositions of the Orthoamphibole Rocks from Wutai-Hengshan Area of the North China Craton by combining Machine Learning and Geochemical Fingerprints[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (4) : 63 -84 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025173
太古宙岩石因其记录了早期地球演化、生命起源、巨量元素富集成矿的过程(Groves et al., 1998; Goldfarb et al., 2001; Groves et al., 2005; Lyons et al., 2014; Catling et al., 2020),一直是地球科学领域研究的前沿内容之一。然而,由于其记录稀少且大多数经历了后期变形和变质作用的改造,许多太古宙岩石的原始信息被掩盖甚至抹去,从而使得恢复原岩性质极具挑战性(Ordóñez-Calderón et al., 2008;Jenner et al., 2013)。直闪岩是前寒武纪地质体和造山带中出露的一类较为特殊的岩石,且在世界各地分布较广。自1915年在芬兰西南部Orijärvi地区首次报道该类岩石以来,研究者们对其开展了大量研究工作(Vallance, 1967;Reinhardt, 1987;Hinchey et al., 2007;钱加慧等, 2012;Tuttle et al., 2025)。之所以备受重视,因这类岩石与具有经济效益的矿床关系密切(Wolter et al., 1984;Pan et al., 1995; 庞尔成等, 2010;Shi et al., 2012),其成分极为特殊,在变质岩研究领域中占有重要的地位(Reinhardt, 1987;Kelsey et al., 2015;Qian et al., 2015)。通常,该类岩石以石榴子石集合体与放射状直闪石(多为铝直闪石)共生或绝大部分矿物为直闪石作为其典型的矿物组合(钱加慧等, 2012),且其化学成分以富镁、铁、铝和贫钙、碱,而硅含量可变为特征(Diener et al., 2008;Volkert et al., 2017;Souza Neto et al., 2023)。在局部高温–超高温变质区域,直闪岩可进一步发生麻粒岩相变质作用,形成镁铝麻粒岩(Kelsey et al., 2015)。然而,有关其原岩性质问题一直悬而未决,观点不一。主要有以下几种:①一些学者将其归属于变质火山岩,如镁铁质火山岩被热液蚀变作用后再经历等化学作用的变质反应形成(Vallance, 1967);或基性岩的同变质流体交代(Irving et al., 1976)以及变质基性岩经过海水热液蚀变的成因模型(Arnold et al., 1990;Smith et al., 1992;Peck et al., 2000;Hinchey et al., 2007;Pitra et al., 2008;钱加慧等, 2012)。②另一些学者认为其原岩为变质沉积岩,如中国学者最早提出直闪石的原岩可能是富Mg、Fe的黏土质岩或沉凝灰岩(游振东等, 1990);或深海泥质岩经流体交代作用形成(王凯怡等, 1996)。③还有些学者认为该类岩石是泥质沉积物经过部分熔融和熔体丢失而成的富Mg–Al的残留相(Ellis, 1980;Hoffer et al., 1980;Raith et al., 1997;Baba, 2003;Brandt et al., 2011;滕霞等, 2024)。此外,也有少部分学者认为这类岩石的原岩类型较为特殊:如陆松年等(2003)主张其原岩可能是与超基性镁铁岩共生的侵入体;Möller et al.(2003)则倡导其是由S型花岗岩经交代蚀变作用而成。
变质岩的原岩恢复是变质岩研究中的基础工作,是地质解释与分析的重要内容,也是理解地质演化过程的先决条件。准确重建原岩性质不仅有助于厘定岩石的成因类型与物质来源,更有利于反演古构造环境和构建区域大地构造格架(Pearce, 2008;Hasterok et al., 2019)。然而,以往对变质岩原岩性质的判别多依赖于基于特定元素或其比值构建的传统地球化学图解(周世泰, 1984;王仁民等, 1987)。这种图解方法虽然较为直观,但因其所用元素等参数和资料有限,往往存在多解性和较大的局限,常常得到不满意的结果。再者,这些图解和方法的前提基础是变质作用发生于封闭体系中,即变质作用的等化学原理(Vallance, 1967;周世泰, 1984;王仁民等, 1987 ),此时变质岩–原岩间的对应关系应是完全一致的。事实上,太古宙及造山带内的变质岩通常经历了变形变质作用的改造,一些元素可能活动(迁入或迁出),以上提到的前提基础即封闭体系的假设条件可能难以满足,其判别结果的可靠性和精确性受到挑战(Iwamori et al., 2017)。
随着现代测试技术水平的提高和研究的深入,基础地质数据海量增加,标志着地球科学进入大数据时代(Guo et al., 2017; Jin et al., 2024)。海量的数据使得在地学领域已有大约70年应用历史的机器学习方法(Dramsch, 2020)焕发出新的活力,正逐步替代地球科学中的传统多元分析,且得到空前运用,进而为解决上述复杂问题提供巨大的潜能(Zuo et al., 2019; Petrelli et al., 2020; Ptáček et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2024; Lyu et al., 2025)。相较于传统的图解方法,机器学习方法能够综合处理高维、非线性的地球化学数据,捕捉多元素之间的复杂关系,对变质和蚀变作用带来的噪声具有更强的鲁棒性,并能提供概率化的判别结果,提取有效判别元素参数,从而有望更客观、准确地约束原岩类型。因而,该方法应用更为方便、高效和智能,具有较大的发展潜力。尽管如此,机器学习方法在原岩恢复应用方面依然存在局限性,主要体现在模型结果的地质可解释性不足和未能很好地揭示导致岩石化学成分变化的潜在过程等方面,且目前针对该领域的相关应用还未能广泛开展 (Hood et al., 2018;Hasterok et al., 2019; Matsuno et al., 2022)。
华北克拉通中部带恒山–五台地区出露有新太古代直闪岩并在其中发育大型金红石矿(徐永婧等, 2009; Shi et al., 2012)。前人已对直闪岩开展了一些年代学、变质作用、原岩恢复及其相关的金红石矿等方面的研究(王凯怡等, 1996; 贾琇明, 2007; 庞尔成等, 2010; 钱加慧等, 2012; Shi et al., 2012; Qian et al., 2015)。但因这类直闪岩的原岩经历了较为强烈的后期变形变质作用的改造,其原始的岩石结构、构造难以恢复,迄今有关该岩石的原岩恢复依然未达成共识,存在不同看法。一种观点认为其原岩为(深海)泥质沉积岩(王凯怡等, 1996);另一种观点则将其原岩归为基性岩,如玄武岩、铁镁质侵入岩或火山岩(庞尔成等, 2010; 钱加慧等, 2012)。然而,这些已有的研究大多仅凭单一地球化学指标来判别,往往存在多解性,不仅限制了我们对该岩石确切的原岩恢复,而且阻碍了我们对其成因及形成过程的深入认识。因此,笔者在野外工作、岩相学观察、岩石地球化学分析和锆石U–Pb测年的基础上,运用机器学习和地球化学指纹相结合的方法,尝试恢复山西五台–恒山直闪岩的原岩类型,以期为其成岩环境的确定及金红石矿成矿规律研究提供重要依据。
作为世界上最古老的克拉通之一,华北克拉通经历了漫长的演化历史和多阶段的地壳生长事件,是研究地球早期构造体制及地壳演化的重要场所之一(Zhao et al., 2012; Zhai et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2024; Diwu et al., 2024)。华北克拉通地处欧亚大陆的东部地区,北接中亚造山带,西部是早古生代的祁连造山带,南部是华南板块,被秦岭大别造山带所分隔(Zhao et al., 2001)。目前学界多认为华北克拉通由东部陆块、西部陆块以及中间的古元古代中部造山带(TNCO)组成(图1a;Zhao et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2015)。
恒山–五台–阜平区域位于中部造山带的中段,由恒山杂岩、阜平杂岩、五台杂岩3套岩石构造单元组成,整体呈NW–SE向展布(图1b)。恒山杂岩位于华北克拉通中部带中段,北至桑干河,南部以滹沱河为界与五台花岗绿岩带相隔,东南部以龙泉关剪切带为界与阜平高级变质区相接(图1b)。恒山杂岩可进一步划分为北恒山杂岩、南恒山杂岩以及中间的朱家坊韧性剪切带。北恒山杂岩的主要岩石组成为TTG片麻岩、基性高压麻粒岩以及少量花岗质岩石。其中,TTG片麻岩的侵位年龄为2.52~2.48 Ga(Kröner et al., 2005; Hu et al., 2021),形成后遭受了部分熔融和1.88~1.85 Ga的高压麻粒岩相变质作用(Zhao et al., 2001; Guo et al., 2005; Kröner et al., 2006)及内部复杂的多期次变形构造的改造(Zhang et al., 2007)。北恒山杂岩的基性麻粒岩呈层状、透镜状产于花岗质片麻岩中,其变质年龄为1.85~1.88 Ga (Kröner et al., 2006),多以峰期后等温降压的顺时针P–T轨迹为特征(Zhao et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2024)。这种顺时针P–T轨迹与古元古代碰撞造山过程中的地壳加厚、快速折返过程一致,反映了华北克拉通内部块体在~1.95 Ga和~1.85 Ga的拼合事件(Qian et al., 2017; 魏春景, 2018; Han et al., 2025)。南恒山杂岩出露有TTG片麻岩、表壳岩和少量花岗质脉体以及弱变形的基性岩墙。锆石U–Pb年代学数据显示南恒山杂岩中的TTG片麻岩和其中的镁铁质包体结晶年龄为~2.5 Ga (Kröner et al., 2005; Sun et al., 2019)。残存于TTG片麻岩中的变质表壳岩主要包括(石榴子石)斜长角闪岩、(石榴子石)直闪岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、石英片麻岩、云母片岩等,它们的原岩时代为~2.53 Ga(Kröner et al., 2005; 庞尔成等, 2010)。在石榴斜长角闪岩中,获得了1.92 Ga的变质年龄和顺时针的P–T轨迹,其变质峰期条件为1.1~1.3 GPa和650~800 ℃(Qian et al., 2016)。SHRIMP锆石U–Pb方法测得南恒山杂岩的基性岩墙的原岩结晶时代为2 035~2060 Ma(Peng et al., 2012),随后经历了高角闪岩相到麻粒岩相的变质(O’brien et al., 2005)。朱家坊韧性剪切带整体沿EW向分隔了南北恒山杂岩两套岩石单元,带内主要发育表壳岩,主要岩石类型有变质砂岩、黑云斜长角闪片麻岩、(石榴子石)斜长角闪岩、条带状铁建造(BIF)等。剪切带中的岩石普遍发育角闪岩相变质作用,带中的糜棱面理切割其两侧岩石的早期矿物组构,形成矿物的拉伸线理和糜棱叶理(Zhang et al., 2007; 魏春景, 2018)。最新的碎屑锆石U–Pb年代学研究将朱家坊表壳岩的最大沉积年龄精确约束为~2.48 Ga,地球化学特征显示其原岩主要为未成熟的杂砂岩,源区为长英质和基性岩混合源,指示其形成于活动大陆边缘的大陆岛弧环境(Rahim et al., 2024)。
五台杂岩位于华北克拉通中部带中部区域,北部与恒山杂岩隔滹沱河相望,西部是吕梁地区,东南部则与阜平杂岩呈构造接触(图1b),整体是一套以基性火山岩为主体的火山–沉积建造(白瑾, 1987; Zhao et al., 2005)。根据岩石类型、变质程度和构造接触的不同,可将五台群由下至上分为石咀亚群、台怀亚群和高凡亚群3个亚群。其中,石咀亚群由板峪口组、金岗库组、庄旺组、文溪组组成,岩石类型主要为橄榄岩、拉斑玄武岩、英安岩、条带状铁建造(BIF)、斜长角闪岩、直闪岩、砂岩以及少量石灰岩,变质等级可达角闪岩相。金岗库组出露面积较广,北从高里到峪口、南从神堂堡到阜平北侧,是石咀亚群的重要组成部分,该组底部是超基性岩,下部主要是黑云变粒岩、斜长角闪岩夹磁铁石英岩,上部主要由云母片岩、石英岩和钙硅质岩组成,其形成年龄为~2 540 Ma(Han et al., 2017; 李秋根等, 2024)。庄旺组和文溪组岩石类型主要为变质拉斑玄武岩和英安岩及斜长角闪岩,其形成于~2 530 Ma (Wilde et al., 2004; Han et al., 2017)。中部的台怀亚群可以分为下部的柏枝岩组和上部的鸿门岩组,主要岩性有绿泥片岩、磁铁石英岩、变质酸性火山岩和拉斑质玄武岩等,主要经受绿片岩相变质,前人们的研究将该组年龄限定在2 515~2 520 Ma(Wilde et al., 2004; Sun et al., 2019; 李秋根等, 2024)。上部的高凡亚群出露面积较少,厚度约为1 000 m,出露面积约为130 km2(白瑾, 1987),主要由细粒石英岩、变质粉砂岩和千枚岩组成,变质等级为低绿片岩相,沉积时代为2 350~2 150 Ma(Wan et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2016; Peng et al., 2017)。
笔者研究的直闪岩发育于石咀亚群的金岗库组中,主要分布在恒山洪塘、刘家沟以及五台圭峰寺等地区。其中,洪塘矿区的样品经纬度为N 39°16' 26", E 113°03' 12",刘家沟采石场的样品经纬度为N 39°14' 49", E 113°07' 53",圭峰寺地区的样品经纬度为N 39°06' 45", E 113°14' 19"。这些直闪岩多呈块状、似层状产出(图2b),常与云母片岩和石榴子石石英云母片岩呈互层状产出(图2a),并有以超镁铁质岩为主和零星变辉绿岩脉及伟晶岩脉侵入(徐永婧等, 2009)。五台–恒山地区出露的直闪岩通常呈现斑状变晶结构,块状或片麻状构造,变斑晶为直闪石和/或石榴子石。依据其有无石榴子石出现这一特点,可分为两类。①直闪岩:主要矿物组成有直闪石(65%~80%)、绿泥石(5%~8%),次要矿物为蓝晶石(3%)、金红石(2%)、斜长石(2%),偶见少量钛铁矿(~1%),手标本下可见直闪石呈纤维状、柱状集合体,镜下可见自形程度较差的直闪石呈纤维状定向排列,多与绿泥石交代共生(图2c);②石榴子石直闪岩:主要矿物组成为直闪石(40%~45%)、石榴子石(20%~25%),次要矿物为石英(5%~20%)、蓝晶石(4%~6%)、金红石(3%~5%),偶尔可见十字石、钛铁矿和辉石。直闪石多呈柱状变晶结构,石榴子石为筛状变晶结构,多颗石榴石构成巨晶状集合体,手标本下直径可达5~9 cm,镜下可见巨晶状石榴子石颗粒直径达3~6 mm,内部多被石英等矿物包裹体填充。退变质矿物组合为堇青石+石英,常围绕石榴子石边缘构成冠状体(图2e)。他形石英沿十字石颗粒的边缘生长或交代十字石,同样形成后成合晶冠状体(图2d)。可见,五台–恒山地区出露的直闪岩的岩石学特征表明,其主要变质矿物不仅有直闪石(铝直闪石),还出现有十字石、石榴子石等。一些富铝的特征变质矿物,表明它们的原岩很可能是富铝质的成分,如泥质、泥砂质沉积岩或富铝的岩浆岩。副矿物有锆石、磷灰石、钛铁矿、金红石、独居石等。基于前人的研究(徐永婧等, 2009; 庞尔成等, 2010; Qian et al., 2015)和样品特征,锆石除了一类为自形程度较高的变质锆石外,其他锆石呈现出浑圆状、凹凸不平多具裂纹、颗粒较小和数量少,但却具有较宽的207Pb/206Pb表观年龄变化范围(2 480~2 595 Ma)的特点(贾琇明, 2007; 庞尔成等, 2010; Qian et al., 2015),似乎预示了其原岩为沉积岩。
本次研究共进行了3次野外取样,样品采集于恒山地区的洪塘金红石矿区、刘家沟采石场和五台地区通往圭峰寺的路边,岩石新鲜,共采集了30余件直闪岩样品,采样中特别注意选择远离具部分熔融形成的脉体至少50cm以上、结构均匀且无肉眼可见蚀变晕的新鲜样品。在室内岩相观察鉴定基础上,笔者从这30余件样品中的两类直闪岩(具石榴子石或不具石榴子石)中各选取了11件代表性样品进行常量和微量元素分析,并选取了3件石榴子石直闪岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb同位素分析。
样品的全岩常量和微量元素测试在北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室完成。其中常量元素用熔片法制样,在波长散射扫描X射线荧光光谱仪(ARL Advant’XP+XRF)上测得,其工作条件为50 kV,50 mA。在分析过程中,采用岩石标样 GSR-2、GSR-3、GSR-11和GSR-15 以及平行样来监测仪器准确性和稳定性,最终得到的实验样品分析精度在0.5 %以内。微量元素采用Agilent公司生产的高精度电感耦合等离子质谱仪(Agilent 7500ce ICP-MS)进行分析测试。其前处理采用高压釜酸溶法。测试过程中,采用岩石标样GSR-2、GSR-3、GSR-11和GSR-15以及平行样来监控仪器测试的准确性和稳定性,分析精度优于10%。
样品在廊坊岩拓地质服务有限公司进行岩石粉碎、单矿物分离及锆石制靶。制靶完成后,在北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室扫描电镜室采用FEIQUANTA-650FEG型扫描电镜对锆石靶进行阴极发光图像(CL)拍摄。样品的锆石原位U–Pb同位素定年分析同样在北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室完成,使用仪器为配有GeoLas 2005激光剥蚀系统的Agilent 7500ce ICP-MS。激光剥蚀系统包括准分子激光仪和MicroLas光学系统,激光剥蚀的深度为20~40 μm,剥蚀直径为32 μm,频率为5 Hz,激光能量密度为6 J/cm2,剥蚀时使用He气作为剥蚀物质的载流气,每个点分析时有20 s的空白信号和60 s的剥蚀信号收集。使用标准锆石91500作为外标计算锆石U–Pb年龄,其推荐年龄为(1 065±0.6) Ma(Wiedenbeck et al., 1995),并利用标准锆石Plešovice(推荐值为337±0.4 Ma)检验年龄的计算结果(Sláma et al., 2008)。29Si和玻璃标样NIST610分别作为内标和外标用以检测锆石中微量元素的含量,标定结果使用NIST612和NIST614检验。使用Glitter 4.0软件(Van Achterbergh et al., 2001)处理U–Pb同位素数据和获得样品的表观年龄,随后使用Tom Andersen提出的方法进行普通铅校正(Andersen, 2002)。最后,利用Isoplot (3.0)程序计算样品的谐和年龄并绘制U–Pb谐和图(Ludwig, 2003)。
为了开展机器学习建模及测试模型结果,笔者选择随机森林算法——一种有监督的机器学习方法对直闪岩可能的两类原岩太古代玄武岩(Liu et al., 2024)以及泥质岩(Lyu et al., 2025)地球化学数据进行训练、预测、拟合及分类。该算法通过生成多棵决策树和集成为一个强分类器,智能化分析处理数据信息,以多数投票的方式输出分类结果,并提高模型的效率、准确性和稳定性。决策树从每一个根节点开始,代表整个输入空间。树分裂为分支,每个分支代表基于输入数据的特征。在每个节点使用基尼准则,深度对数据特征重要性进行分析对比,从而提取最佳的分裂特征。在实现建模的整个过程中,采用递归分裂数据,直至满足某些停止准则,构建树结构。基于基尼指数计算特征的重要性,随机森林算法通过引入随机抽样和特征随机选择,有效降低了模型的方差,避免了过拟合现象。相较于传统地球化学图解,该方法能从高维数据中高效筛选出关键判别元素,并将这些具有强分类能力的判别元素作为岩性分类有效参数进行岩性恢复。具体流程包括:①收集太古代玄武岩(Liu et al., 2024)及泥质岩(Lyu et al., 2025)的地球化学数据,构建高质量数据库,每条地球化学数据包括SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、FeOT、MnO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、P2O5 10种氧化物,Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Cs、Ba、Hf、Ta、Pb、Th、U、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu等多种微量元素;②筛选剔除在变质作用过程中,极易发生迁移的元素,如K、Na、Ca、Ba、Rb、Cs等,仅保留相对不活动元素作为判别特征(Ordóñez-Calderón et al., 2008);③使用链式方程多重插补(Van Buuren et al., 1999)对数据进行缺失值处理;④通过 Z-score标准化消除变量量纲对模型的影响;⑤应用过采样方法平衡数据集,消除样本分布不均对模型预测偏好的影响;⑥采用混淆矩阵、受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, ROC)模型效果进行评价(Fawcett, 2006)。
样品的主微量元素中(表1),直闪岩样品的SiO2含量变化较大,为34.52%~63.95%(平均为 48.88%);其最显著的特征是富镁,MgO含量为7.02%~29.12%(平均为18.33 %),具有较低的CaO(0.15%~2.81%)和全碱含量(Na2O+K2O < 1.1%)。TFe2O3含量介于6.50%~24.40%(平均为13.85%)。相比之下,石榴直闪岩具有相对较高的SiO2(46.11%~68.56%,平均为54.74%)和TFe2O3(11.14%~25.88%,平均为18.86%);但MgO含量明显较低,介于7.58%~12.22%(平均为9.69%)。两类岩石的Al2O3含量相近,直闪岩为7.22%~16.36%;石榴直闪岩略高,为10.34%~17.00%。微量元素显示,两类岩石均表现为大离子亲石元素(LILE)的显著贫化与波动。直闪岩的Rb(0.09×10−6~6.82 ×10−6,平均为1.21×10−6)、Sr(3.02×10−6~28.28×10−6,平均为12.66 ×10−6)、Ba(0.94×10−6~35.00×10−6,平均为12.90 ×10−6)和Cs(0.06×10−6~1.24 ×10−6,平均为0.42 ×10−6)含量普遍较低(图3a)。相比之下,石榴直闪岩的活动元素含量略高且变化范围更广(图3b),特别是Sr(4.89×10−6~151.33 ×10−6,平均为27.60 ×10−6)和Rb(0.13×10−6~17.78 ×10−6,平均为3.56×10−6),可能与原岩成分差异或后期变质流体的局部活动有关。在相容元素方面,直闪岩的Ni含量(23.5×10−6~175 ×10−6,平均为79.9 ×10−6)整体高于石榴直闪岩(17.8×10−6~100.4 ×10−6,平均为46.3 ×10−6)。高场强元素(HFSE)如Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等在两类岩石中均相对稳定,其中石榴直闪岩具有相对较高的Zr(42×10−6~65×10−6,平均为120 ×10−6)和Nb(2.8×10−6~19.3×10−6,平均为6.2×10−6)含量。直闪岩的稀土总量(ΣREE)为17.80×10−6~96.05×10−6(平均为57.04 ×10−6)。球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示其轻重稀土分馏程度较弱,(La/Yb)N值为0.19~2.52(平均为1.13),并表现出显著的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu* = 0.10~1.23,平均为0.64;图3c),暗示原岩可能经历了斜长石的分离、残留抑或分解。石榴直闪岩的ΣREE略高且变化范围更广(23.34×10−6~179.03×10−6),轻重稀土分馏略强于直闪岩((La/Yb)N平均值为1.84)。与直闪岩不同,石榴直闪岩普遍显示出正Eu异常或无明显异常(Eu/Eu* = 0.85~1.96,平均为1.47;图3d)。
本次工作在区内直闪岩出露区洪塘矿区、刘家沟采石场以及圭峰寺三地各选择了1件大约20 kg的代表性样品进行锆石年代学研究。如前所述,石榴直闪岩的锆石主要有两类,一类锆石呈现浑圆柱状或不规则状,凹凸不平多具裂纹,CL图像(图4a)显示大部分锆石具有核–边结构,其中一些核部震荡环带发育,且具有较暗的CL图像,可能遭受了重结晶改造,另一些核部则震荡环带不发育,其CL图像亮度较高且均一;另一类则自形程度较好,增生边不发育,为单独生长的颗粒,其CL图像较暗。
样品16DX24-7的锆石形态多为他形–半自形,长约为80~100 μm,长宽比为1∶1~1∶2(图4b),Th/U值极低,多小于0.02(表2)。在CL图像上不可见岩浆锆石的振荡环带结构,大多具有明显的变质增生边(锆石#1、#5和#13;图4),少数完全为变质锆石。本次研究对样品16DX24-7共进行20个同位素年龄测点,其中19个测点具有较高的谐和度(>90%)。这19个点构成的谐和年龄为(1944 ± 23 )Ma(MSWD = 0.33),与其207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄(1941 ± 20 )Ma(MSWD = 0.13)在误差范围内保持一致(图4b),文中将谐和年龄(1944 ± 23) Ma解释为样品的变质年龄。
对样品16DX23-6随机选择了20颗锆石进行了20个测点分析(表2)。根据锆石形态和Th/U值以及年龄特征,该样品的锆石可分为3组:第一组锆石(分析点#1、#2、#5、#8、#9、#12)呈现不均匀斑块状、海绵状,内部裂隙发育,可见微弱的韵律环带(图4a),Th/U值极大(0.68~25.88),符合蜕晶化锆石的特征(Hanski et al., 2010; Zoleikhaei et al., 2016)。这5个测点的207Pb/206Pb表观年龄集中于(2361 ± 32) ~(2399 ± 32)Ma,在锆石U–Pb谐和图中共同构成了一条不一致线,上交点年龄是(2393 ± 22)Ma(MSWD = 0.33),与其207Pb/206Pb 加权平均年龄(2375 ± 28)Ma(MSWD = 0.8)在误差范围内保持一致(图4c)。第二组锆石为测点13,为呈长柱状–短柱状晶体(图4a),其Th/U值和207Pb/206Pb表观年龄分别为0.78和(2549 ± 32) Ma,在谐和图中落在了谐和线上(图4c),具有岩浆锆石的特点,可能为碎屑锆石或捕获锆石。第三组锆石(其余14个测点)呈他形不规则状(图4a),具较弱的震荡环带,Th/U值极低(0.02~0.06),为变质成因锆石。这类锆石的207Pb/206Pb表观年龄为(1896 ± 48)~(1952 ± 48) Ma,其谐和年龄为(1912 ± 9.7 )Ma(MSWD = 0.37),与其207Pb/206Pb加权平均(1914 ± 19 )Ma(MSWD = 0.27)在误差范围内一致(图4c)。笔者将该样品的谐和年龄(1912 ± 9.7) Ma作为其变质年龄。
对于样品16WT3-3,仅挑选出7颗锆石,对这7颗锆石进行了8个测点的分析(表2)。其中,测点7存在明显的Pb丢失,不参与后续讨论与计算。依据该样品的锆石形态、Th/U值及207Pb/206Pb表观年龄特征,可识别出两组锆石。第一组锆石(分析点为#2、#3、#4、#6)颗粒长为50~100 μm不等,长宽比为1∶1~1∶1.5,多呈半自形短柱状,具有明显的震荡环带结构(图4a),较高的Th/U值(0.36~1.05),属于岩浆锆石成因锆石,其207Pb/206Pb表观年龄为(2517 ± 101)~(2589 ± 106) Ma,呈现出较宽的变化,与前人的分析结果类似(庞尔成等, 2010; Qian et al., 2015),可能为碎屑锆石或捕获锆石;第二类锆石(分析点#1、#5、#8)形状不规则,具较弱的震荡环带(图4a),Th/U值极低(0.02~0.06)(表2),为变质成因锆石,这类锆石的207Pb/206Pb表观年龄为(1884 ± 136)~(1979 ± 113) Ma,3个测点的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为(1942 ± 130) Ma(MSWD = 0.15),在锆石U–Pb谐和图上得到的谐和年龄是(1905 ± 28)Ma(图4d),207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄(1905 ± 28)Ma解释为变质年龄。
将机器学习算法应用于地球化学数据的深度挖掘时,对所构建的模型进行系统评估是不可或缺的关键环节。该过程不仅能客观反映算法在特定分类任务中的预测精度与泛化能力,从而明确其适用性,更是确保最终地质解释具有科学性与可靠性的核心前提。本次研究中,笔者采用混淆矩阵(图5)和受试者工作特征曲线ROC曲线(图6)对模型效果进行评价(Fawcett, 2006)。结果表明,基于相对不活动元素构建的随机森林模型对玄武岩和泥质岩区分效果极好,说明两类岩石地球化学特征存在明显区别。特征重要性分析表明,区分这两类岩石特征重要性前六的元素是Si、Th、Mg、U、Sc、La(图7)。所有元素的重要性得分均小于0.3,说明分类决策依赖于多元素综合信息而非个别指标,极大地增强了结果的鲁棒性。使用训练的该随机森林模型对直闪岩进行判定,结果表明直闪岩与玄武岩更具亲缘性,不同于典型泥质岩。从地球化学成因来看,Si和Mg含量的差异反映了基性岩与富泥质岩的根本岩性区别;Sc作为相容元素,指示了岩浆源区的特征;而Th和U在表生环境中的惰性及其极易被黏土矿物吸附的特性,使其成为记录沉积环境与风化过程的关键指标。这些元素的组合有效捕捉了从源区到沉积演化过程中的综合地球化学指纹。
笔者对本研究获得的直闪岩样品进行锆石U–Pb定年分析,结合前人相关年代学数据的研究结果(贾琇明, 2007; 庞尔成 等, 2010; Qian et al., 2015),去除掉混合年龄以及不谐和年龄后进行汇编,发现这些锆石年龄数据呈现出明显的双峰式分布特征(图8),清晰地记录了原岩的物源信息与后期变质热事件。在较老的年龄区间(>2.4 Ga),锆石207Pb/206Pb表观年龄并未呈现单一的岩浆结晶年龄峰,而是显示出多峰分布的特征(图8)。这些锆石的主要年龄峰值为~2 520 Ma,也存在~2550 Ma 的老组分峰值以及~2 490 Ma 的较年轻组分峰值。这些锆石具有较高的Th/U值(大多大于 0.1;图8),结合其震荡环带结构,指示其为典型的岩浆成因。然而,这种较宽的年龄跨度(2.4~2.60 Ga)和多峰谱系特征,与单一岩浆岩体一次性结晶形成的均一年龄特征明显不同,而更符合沉积岩中碎屑锆石的分布规律(Fedo et al., 2003; Cawood et al., 2012)。这一锆石峰值特征类似于Rahim et al.(2024)在恒山地区出露的朱家坊表壳岩碎屑锆石的年龄峰值,表明它们具有相似的物源。
此外,本次研究的3个样品共同记录了一个集中而一致的~1.92 Ga的变质年龄(加权平均年龄分别为1941 ± 27 Ma、1920 ± 46 Ma、1921 ± 95 Ma),这些锆石多呈他形、振荡环带缺失及极低的Th/U值(大多低于0.07;表2),进一步明确了其变质的成因。这些年龄略老于前人在富含金红石矿床的石榴直闪岩中报道的变质年龄(1.9~1.83 Ga;贾琇明, 2007; 庞尔成等, 2010),与前人在洪塘地区的石榴直闪岩、圭峰寺的石榴云母片岩以及中部造山带更南部的太华杂岩获得的变质年龄基本一致(Qian et al., 2013; Qian et al., 2015),该较老的变质年龄笔者认为是(石榴)直闪岩的峰期变质阶段,直闪岩顺时针的变质演化由脱水反应所主导,在此过程中释放了促进锆石重结晶的流体(Rubatto et al., 2003),而变质年龄较年轻的直闪岩的锆石颗粒中存在石英、云母等矿物包裹体(徐永婧等, 2009),对应低级变质阶段,记录了直闪岩抬升减压过程中的变质年龄(Qian et al., 2015)。前人对五台此期的变质热事件研究(Yu et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2013)认为,该时间与华北克拉通东部与西部陆块沿中部造山带发生最终拼合的时间基本一致,且这一碰撞造山事件并非孤立存在,应是全球性的Columbia超大陆聚合事件的响应(Rogers et al., 2002; Zhao et al. 2002)。
为克服传统二维图解在处理高维地球化学数据时的局限性,本研究引入监督学习算法——随机森林模型对直闪岩成因进行分析,选取太古代玄武岩与泥质岩作为训练集的两个端元进行二分类判别。将直闪岩样品代入模型,结果指示其与玄武岩更具地球化学亲缘性,区别于典型泥质岩。这一结论得到了地球化学数据的有力支持。在主量元素中:直闪岩的MgO和总铁(TFe2O3)含量显著高于玄武岩,更高于泥质岩的Mg、Fe含量。直闪岩明显偏高的Mg#(Mg/(Mg+Fe)表明其继承了源区未经过高度演化的初始岩浆特质,可能源于地幔较高程度的部分熔融。此外,直闪岩的SiO2含量分布与全球玄武岩高度一致,与更富硅的泥质岩(中位数>60%)呈现不同的分布模式(Taylor et al., 1985);在微量元素中,直闪岩的稀土配分模式平坦,与太古代玄武岩相吻合,缺乏泥质岩所特有的轻稀土富集特征(Bhatia, 1985; Taylor et al., 1985)。Co和Sc在玄武岩岩浆演化过程中倾向于进入早期结晶的矿物相,直闪岩样品的Co含量(均值为52.85× 10−6)与全球玄武岩(中位数为58 × 10−6)高度一致,远超泥质岩近五倍(约为10× 10−6);直闪岩的Sc含量(均值为47.82 × 10−6)显著高于全球玄武岩的中位数(39 × 10−6)和泥质岩的中位数(11 × 10−6),Sc高度相容于单斜辉石,直闪岩如此高的Sc含量强烈表明其初始物质起源于Sc含量高的基性岩,且该岩浆在演化过程中没有发生大量的单斜辉石分离结晶(Bédard, 2006)。这一基于数据驱动的判别结果客观且明确,为厘定直闪岩的成因提供了新的方法论支撑。
尽管直闪岩样品表现出了基性岩的属性,但其主量元素(如极低的Ca、Na)与新鲜玄武岩存在本质差异。这表明,直闪岩并非直接由玄武岩等化学变质而来,而是保留了玄武质源区特征的某种次生岩石。为了定量约束从“玄武岩(源)”到“直闪岩(汇)”的元素迁移行为,本研究采用(Grant, 1986,2005)提出的Isocon(等浓度)图解法进行质量平衡计算。笔者在图解中以玄武岩作为前提,以直闪岩作为蚀变产物。考虑到TiO2在绝大多数地质过程中表现出极高的稳定性(Winchester et al., 1977; Grant, 1986,2005),笔者选择TiO2作为参考系拟合 Isocon 线。计算结果揭示,在原岩向直闪岩转变的过程中,岩石体系发生了约26%的净质量亏损(图9)。基于该Isocon模型,结合各元素的地球化学行为,揭示从玄武岩到直闪岩的演化过程。
在Isocon图解中,Rb、Sr、Ba、Na、Ca等元素显著位于 Isocon 线下方,显示出近乎完全的迁出,大离子亲石元素(LILE)的极度亏损指示了原岩长英质组分的彻底分解,即斜长石在强烈化学风化过程中的彻底分解 (Nesbitt et al., 1984; Middelburg et al., 1988),导致活动性较强的金属阳离子随地表径流大量流失,岩石整体质量显著减少,从而造成了Al等相对不活动元素的被动残留富集,进而产生富铝的变质矿物(十字石、蓝晶石)。过渡金属元素Cr和Ni在Isocon图中同样位于极低值区,显示出强烈的淋滤流失。考虑到Cr和Ni主要赋存于橄榄石和辉石中,这两种矿物在地表风化环境中极不稳定。它们的巨量亏损进一步证实了源区经历了彻底的化学分解与淋滤。更为关键的是,过渡金属Zn的地球化学行为揭示了直闪岩形成过程的表生风化过程。在封闭的岩浆体系中,Zn的行为相对保守,其含量主要受源区组成和晶体-熔体平衡控制,分馏和迁移并不显著(Nadeau et al., 2013)。直闪岩的Zn含量表现出极大的离散性(15×10–6~178×10–6)。这种大幅度的含量波动指示了开放体系下的淋滤与吸附过程:极低值样品指示了表生环境下强烈的化学风化淋滤,导致含Zn矿物分解,释放出的 Zn2+随径流迁出系统(Sun et al., 2022);高值样品则反映了沉积过程中Zn被沉积环境中的铁锰氧化物胶体或粘土矿物通过表面络合作用再次吸附并固定。因此,Isocon图解中大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba、Na)的极度亏损及过渡金属(Cr、Ni)的流失,更符合开放体系下强烈的地表化学风化过程,即长石与暗色矿物的分解导致活动组分随流体迁出。
更为关键的是,高场强元素特征揭示了直闪岩原岩的沉积属性。传统地球化学理论认为,Zr–Hf和Nb–Ta作为地球化学性质高度相似的孪生元素对,因其价态相同、离子半径相近,在大部分地质过程中应保持一致的行为。这类高场强元素即使在水岩反应中仍然保持不活动(Pearce et al., 1973; Floyd et al., 1983; Grant, 2005)。本次研究的直闪岩Zr/Hf值为39~58,蚀变玄武岩通常会继承原岩稳定的Zr/Hf值(36~40)(Linnen et al., 2002; Arevalo et al., 2010)。然而,有学者亦指出在单斜辉石主导的结晶分异或低程度部分熔融等过程中可导致残余熔体中 Zr/Hf 值升高(David et al., 2000; Niu, 2012)。但本研究的直闪岩样品具有较高的 Mg# 值和较高的Sc含量,表明其初始岩浆未经过高度演化且在岩浆演化过程中没有发生大量的单斜辉石分离结晶(Bédard, 2006)。因此,单纯的岩浆分异过程难以解释其高 Zr/Hf 值。更重要的是在Isocon图解中Zr存在轻微的富集,反之Hf存在轻微的亏损,直闪岩Zr–Hf的解耦与岩浆过程中Zr、Hf同步发生变化行为存在本质区别(David et al., 2000)。因此,Zr–Hf 的解耦更可能反映了表生沉积过程中的差异性行为:即Zr 主要赋存于极抗风化的锆石中,通过机械分选被富集(Nesbitt et al., 1996),而玄武岩中部分 Hf 还赋存在辉石或火山玻璃等较不稳定的矿物相中,随其风化分解而部分流失(Sugitani et al., 2006),从而造成了Zr–Hf的解耦现象。同样直闪岩的Nb/Ta值为5~60,表现出很大的跨度,玄武岩的Nb/Ta值为17~18(Arevalo et al., 2010),且Nb 和 Ta 在 Isocon 图解中均位于上方且表现出较好的共线富集特征。Nb、Ta主要受控于金红石、钛铁矿等重矿物。直闪岩的高场强元素特征显著背离了热液交代的等化学继承特征,只能归因于地表搬运过程中的重矿物机械分选(Huang et al., 2011; Ballouard et al., 2020; Bollaert et al., 2023)。众所周知,Th在地球化学过程中被公认为最不活动的元素之一(Langmuir et al., 1980; Taylor et al., 1985),然而,在Isocon图解中直闪岩的Th却显示出极高的富集倍数。这种异常富集难以单纯用重矿物分选解释,更可能涉及吸附与风尘输入机制。在沉积环境中,Th极易水解并被黏土矿物或铁锰胶体强力吸附(Bau et al., 2009),沉积盆地可能接受了持续的风成粉尘输入,这些细粒物质通常富集Th,从而导致沉积物中Th的显著叠加(Jahn et al., 2001)。
基于上述Isocon模型揭示的强烈地表风化与物理分选特征,本研究不支持前人多倾向的“基性火山岩经历海底热液蚀变形成直闪岩” (Smith et al., 1992; Peck et al., 2000; 钱加慧等, 2012)的观点,依据具体的定量地球化学指标进一步排除了热液成因。利用Boström(1975)、Safronov(2005)提出的热液判别参数分析,绝大多数直闪岩样品的 Al /(Al+Fe+Mn)摩尔比值大于0.4(落在陆源/正常沉积物区域),且(Fe+Mn)/ Ti值较低。这显著区别于富 Fe-Mn、贫 Al-Ti 的典型海底热液沉积物,表明样品中并未包含显著的热液成因组分。典型海底热液蚀变通常会导致 Na2O 显著富集(>3.0%;Cann, 1969),但直闪岩的 Na2O 极度贫乏(绝大多数为~0.03%),绿泥石化虽能吸收海水中的镁从而改变 FeOT/MgO 值(常限制在 0.5~1.2;Humphris et al., 1978),但无法在全岩尺度形成直闪岩如此极端的 MgO 富集(7.02%~29.12%)和宽泛的 FeOT/MgO值(0.20~3.13)。Y和Ho作为一对地球化学性质极相似的“孪生元素”,具有相同的价态(+3)和极为相近的离子半径,在受晶体–熔体平衡控制的岩浆体系及碎屑沉积岩中,Y/Ho通常保持约28的恒定比值。唯有在水–岩相互作用体系,特别是存在富氟/碳酸根的热液流体时,两者才会发生显著分馏造成Y/Ho值的显著偏移(Bau, 1996)。直闪岩Y/Ho值稳定在28~32,保持了原岩特征,指示未发生显著的热液蚀变(Bau et al., 1995; Bau, 1996; Yoshida et al., 2024)。此外,直闪岩SiO2含量变化极大(34%~69%)。Hernández-Uribe et al.(2021)对洋壳蚀变的模拟研究指出,尽管海底热液蚀变会导致 Na、Ca 等元素发生强烈迁移(如细碧岩化),但SiO2在该过程中的活动性相对较弱,通常不会导致单一玄武质原岩发生如此大幅度的硅含量波动。这种剧烈的SiO2变化更难以用等化学变质或简单的热液交代来解释。若是热液蚀变导致玄武质岩石蚀变成为直闪岩,不同类型的热液流体理应伴随着其余主量元素的带入,如绿帘石化(带入Ca)或硅化(带入Si)(Edmond et al., 1983; Seyfried, 1987; Harper, 1997 ),并且会出现分带矿物组合的蚀变晕以及伴随Cu、Zn 等微量成矿元素的强烈富集(Seewald et al., 1990; Hedenquist et al., 1994),而直闪岩在Isocon图解中表现出的Ca、Si亏损以及缺乏伴生矿床特征,均不支持热液成因模型。
此外,变质作用的物理化学条件也支持这一结论。Qian et al.(2015)利用相平衡模拟限定了恒山南部石榴直闪岩的峰期变质条件为 P = 9~12 kbar,T = 650~670 °C。前人研究表明,在这一温度区间(角闪岩相),基性火成岩由于缺乏熔体且 Zr 元素倾向于进入角闪石等造岩矿物,通常难以生长出新的变质锆石(Kohn, 2016; Yakymchuk, 2023)。基性岩中的变质锆石生长通常需要达到麻粒岩相或发生部分熔融(>750°C;Williams, 2001)。然而,本研究在直闪岩中观测到了清晰的~1.92 Ga 变质新生锆石,这暗示变质体系中存在丰富的流体活动。流体辅助下的溶解–再沉淀机制显著降低了 Zr 的运移门槛,促进了锆石在亚固相线温度(<700°C)下的重结晶与生长。即直闪岩原岩并非干燥的基性岩,而是富含流体的沉积岩系统。原岩经过化学风化形成了富含粘土矿物(如绿泥石)的沉积物,在变质过程中含水矿物发生脱水反应释放出大量流体,促进了锆石在较低温度下的溶解与再沉淀 (Geisler et al., 2007; Rubatto, 2017),从而记录了~1.92 Ga 的变质年龄。
综上所述,本研究通过系统性的岩石地球化学分析,结合机器学习方法、Isocon质量平衡分析,对恒山地区直闪岩的成因取得了如下认识:随机森林模型判别与多元素地球化学特征共同指示恒山直闪岩的物源主要成分为太古代玄武质岩石;在地表经历了极强烈的化学风化作用,致使斜长石发生分解导致Ca、Na、Sr 等活动组分大量淋滤以及Zn含量的离散,该风化产物经历了短距离搬运和沉积,在水动力作用下锆石、金红石等重矿物发生机械分选,造成了Zr、Ti、Nb的绝对增加及 Zr/Hf 的解耦,Th元素则通过吸附或风尘输入被进一步固定。这套富铝、铁、镁且富含流体的沉积物经深埋和角闪岩相变质作用,最终转变为直闪岩。
(1)直闪岩的锆石不仅记录了其主要源于~2.52 Ga的蚀源物质,而且记录了~1.92 Ga的变质事件,其变质事件为华北克拉通古元古代的拼合事件的响应。
(2)随机森林判别模型与地球化学元素特征(平坦的稀土配分模式及高Sc、Co含量等)共同证实,直闪岩与太古代玄武岩具有亲缘性,即直闪岩是物源为玄武质岩石的变质沉积岩。
(3)Isocon质量平衡分析与高场强元素特征揭示了从玄武岩到直闪岩的完整演化过程:源区玄武岩经历了强烈的地表化学风化(导致Ca、Na、Sr大量淋滤)以及沉积搬运中的机械分选(导致Zr-Hf解耦、Th异常富集)、沉积成岩及变质等过程。该过程明确了直闪岩为沉积成因,但非典型泥质岩;厘定了直闪岩的原岩为源自太古代玄武岩风化产物的富镁铁质沉积岩(副变质岩),而非玄武岩海底热液蚀变的产物。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
白瑾. 五台山早前寒武纪地质[A]中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所文集(16)[C]. 天津: 天津科学技术出版社, 1987: 174−203.
BAI Jin. Early Precambrian geology of Wutaishan[A]Bulletin of the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (16)[C]. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1987: 174−203.
2
贾琇明. 山西省代县碾子沟金红石矿床矿物学及年代学研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2007.
JIA Xiuming. Mineralogy and Geochronology of Nianzigou Rutile Deposit in Daixian County, Shanxi Province[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2007.
3
李秋根, 黄萧, 初航, 等. 华北克拉通五台绿岩带锆石年代学及地质意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2024, 40(11): 3426−3447.
LI Qiugen, HUANG Xiao, CHU Hang, et al. Zircon geochronology and geological significance of the Wutai greenstone belt in the North China Craton[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 3426−3447.
4
陆松年, 李怀坤, 田永清. 恒山雁门关巨晶石榴子石直闪石岩的初步研究[J]. 地质调查与研究, 2003, 26(1): 15−20.
LU Songnian, LI Huaikun, TIAN Yongqing. Preliminary study on megacryst garnet-anthophyllite rock in Yanmenguan, Hengshan[J]. Geological Survey and Research, 2003, 26(1): 15−20.
5
庞尔成, 徐永婧, 施光海, 等. 山西代县金红石矿床洪塘矿区含矿岩石的地球化学及年代学[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2010, 29(5): 497−506.
PANG Ercheng, XU Yongjing, SHI Guanghai, et al. Geochemistry and geochronology of ore-bearing rocks in Hongtang mining area of Nianzigou rutile deposit, Daixian, Shanxi Province[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2010, 29(5): 497−506.
6
钱加慧, 魏春景, 周喜文, 等. 山西恒山巨晶状直闪石岩的成因: 来自地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素的证据[J]. 岩石学报, 2012, 28(9): 2819−2830.
QIAN Jiahui, WEI Chunjing, ZHOU Xiwen, et al. Genesis of megacrystic anthophyllite rocks in Hengshan, Shanxi: Evidence from geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopes[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(9): 2819−2830.
7
滕霞, 张建新, 毛小红, 等. 柴西缘花土沟超高温变质地体中的镁铝麻粒岩岩石成因及其与熔体行为的关系[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2024, 43(2): 201−218.
TENG Xia, ZHANG Jianxin, MAO Xiaohong, et al. Petrogenesis of Mg-Al granulites in the Huatugou UHT metamorphic terrane, western margin of Qaidam Basin and its relationship with melt behavior[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2024, 43(2): 201−218.
8
王凯怡, 周少平, 郝杰. 五台山地区原金刚库组中含蓝晶石组合的变质作用及其意义[J]. 岩石学报, 1996, 12(1): 88−98.
WANG Kaiyi, ZHOU Shaoping, HAO Jie. Metamorphism of kyanite-bearing assemblages in the original Jingangku Formation, Wutaishan area and its significance[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1996, 12(1): 88−98.
9
王仁民, 尤振东, 苏尚国, 等. 变质岩原岩恢复[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1987.
WANG Renmin, YOU Zhendong, SU Shangguo, et al. Restoration of Metamorphic Protoliths[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1987.
10
魏春景. 华北中部造山带五台-恒山地区古元古代变质作用与构造演化[J]. 地球科学, 2018, 43(1): 24−43.
WEI Chunjing. Paleoproterozoic metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the Wutai-Hengshan area in the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Earth Science, 2018, 43(1): 24−43.
11
徐永婧, 庞尔成, 施光海, 等. 山西代县金红石矿床中锆石的内部特征和矿物包裹体研究及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25(12): 3422−3430.
XU Yongjing, PANG Ercheng, SHI Guanghai, et al. Internal features and mineral inclusions of zircon from the Nianzigou rutile deposit in Daixian, Shanxi Province and their geological implications[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25(12): 3422−3430.
12
游振东, 周汉文, 吕学淼. 湖北浠水蓝晶石铝直闪石片岩中的冠状体结构的研究[J]. 地球科学, 1990, 15(4): 345−356.
YOU Zhendong, ZHOU Hanwen, LV Xuemiao. Study on corona textures in kyanite-gedrite schists from Xishui, Hubei[J]. Earth Science, 1990, 15(4): 345−356.
13
周世泰. 变质岩原岩恢复主要化学方法及其应用[J]. 地质论评, 1984, 30(6): 563−570.
ZHOU Shitai. The main chemical methods for the restoration of protoliths of metamorphic rocks and their application[J]. Geological Review, 1984, 30(6): 563−570.
14
Andersen T. Correction of common lead in U–Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb[J]. Chemical Geology, 2002, 192(1-2): 59−79.
15
Arevalo R, Mcdonough W F. Chemical variations and regional diversity observed in MORB[J]. Chemical Geology, 2010, 271(1-2): 70−85.
16
Arnold J, Sandiford M. Petrogenesis of cordierite-orthoamphibole assemblages from the Springton region, South Australia[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1990, 106(1): 100−109.
17
Baba S. Two Stages of Sapphirine Formation During Prograde and Retrograde Metamorphism in the Palaeoproterozoic Lewisian Complex in South Harris, NW Scotland[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2003, 44(2): 329−354.
18
Ballouard C, Massuyeau M, Elburg M A, et al. The magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of felsic igneous rocks as seen through Nb-Ta geochemical fractionation, with implications for the origins of rare-metal mineralizations[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2020, 203: 103115.
19
Bau M. Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems: evidence from Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and lanthanide tetrad effect[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1996, 123(3): 323−333.
20
Bau M, Dulski P. Comparative study of yttrium and rare-earth element behaviours in fluorine-rich hydrothermal fluids[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1995, 119(2-3): 213−223.
21
Bau M, Koschinsky A. Oxidative scavenging of cerium on hydrous Fe oxide: evidence from the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium between Fe oxides and Mn oxides in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts[J]. Geochemical Journal, 2009, 43(1): 37−47.
22
Bédard J H. Trace element partitioning in plagioclase feldspar[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006, 70(14): 3717−3742.
23
Bhatia M R. Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian Paleozoic graywackes and mudrocks: provenance and tectonic control[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1985, 45(1-2): 97−113.
24
Bollaert Q, Chasse M, Allard T, et al. Multiscale processes controlling niobium mobility during supergene weathering[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023, 353: 142−157.
25
Bostrom K. Origin and fate of ferromanganoan active ridge sediments[M]//HSU K J, JENKYNS H C. Pelagic sediments: on land and under the sea. 1st ed. Oxford: Wiley, 1975: 401.
26
Brandt S, Schenk V, Raith M M, et al. Late Neoproterozoic P-T evolution of HP-UHT Granulites from the Palni Hills (South India): New Constraints from Phase Diagram Modelling, LA-ICP-MS Zircon Dating and in-situ EMP Monazite Dating[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2011, 52(9): 1813−1856.
27
Cann J R. Spilites from the carlsberg ridge, indian ocean[J]. Journal of Petrology, 1969, 10(1): 1−19.
28
Catling D C, Zahnle K J. The Archean atmosphere[J]. Science Advances, 2020, 6(9): eaax1420.
29
Cawood P A, Hawkesworth C J, Dhuime B. Detrital zircon record and tectonic setting[J]. Geology, 2012, 40(10): 875−878.
30
David K, Schiano P, Allegre C J. Assessment of the Zr/Hf fractionation in oceanic basalts and continental materials during petrogenetic processes[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2000, 178(3-4): 285−301.
31
Diener J F A, Powell R, White R W. Quantitative phase petrology of cordierite–orthoamphibole gneisses and related rocks[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2008, 26(8): 795−814.
32
Diwu C, Sun Y, Si B, et al. Archean continental crustal growth and reworking of the north China craton: constraints from zircon U Pb age and Hf isotopic composition[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2024, 248: 104624.
33
Dramsch J O. 70 years of machine learning in geoscience in review[M]//Advances in geophysics: Vol. 61. Elsevier, 2020: 1−55.
34
Edmond J M, Damm K V. Hot springs on the ocean floor[J]. Scientific American, 1983, 248(4): 78−93.
35
Ellis D J. Osumilite-sapphirine-quartz granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: P-T conditions of metamorphism, implications for garnet-cordierite equilibria and the evolution of the deep crust[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1980, 74(2): 201−210.
36
Fawcett T. An introduction to ROC analysis[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters, 2006, 27(8): 861−874.
37
Fedo C M, Sircombe K N, Rainbird R H. Detrital zircon analysis of the sedimentary record[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2003, 53(1): 277−303.
38
Floyd P, Winchester J. Element mobility associated with meta-shear zones within the Ben-Hope amphibolite suite, Scotland[J]. Chemical Geology, 1983, 39(1−2): 1−15.
39
Geisler T, Schaltegger U, Tomaschek F. Re-equilibration of zircon in aqueous fluids and melts[J]. Elements, 2007, 3(1): 43−50.
40
Goldfarb R J, Groves D I, Gardoll S. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2001, 18(1-2): 1−75.
41
Grant J A. The isocon diagram; a simple solution to gresens’ equation for metasomatic alteration[J]. Economic Geology, 1986, 81(8): 1976−1982.
42
Grant J A. Isocon analysis: A brief review of the method and applications[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2005, 30(17-18): 997−1004.
43
Groves D I, Condie K C, Goldfarb R J, et al. Secular Changes in Global Tectonic Processes and Their Influence on the Temporal Distribution of Gold-Bearing Mineral Deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 2005, 100(2): 203−224.
44
Groves D I, Goldfarb R J, Gebre-mariam M, et al. Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 1998, 13(1-5): 7−27.
45
Guo H, Liu Z, Jiang H, et al. Big earth data: a new challenge and opportunity for digital earth’s development[J]. International Journal of Digital Earth, 2017, 10(1): 1−12.
46
Guo J H, Sun M, Chen F K, et al. Sm-Nd and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of high-pressure granulites in the Sanggan area, North China Craton: timing of Paleoproterozoic continental collision[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(5): 629−642.
47
Han C, Xiao W, Su B, et al. Neoarchean Algoma-type banded iron formation from the northern Shanxi, the Trans-North China Orogen: SIMS U-Pb age, origin and tectonic setting[J]. Precambrian Research, 2017, 303: 548−572.
48
Han X, Qian J, Yin C, et al. Development of thermal state and plate tectonics in the north China craton during neoarchean–paleoproterozoic[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2025, 7(1): 105−115.
49
Hanski E, Huhma H, Vuollo J. SIMS zircon ages and Nd isotope systematics of the 2.2 Ga mafic intrusions in northern and eastern Finland[J]. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 2010, 82(1): 31−62.
50
Harper G D. Structural styles of hydrothermal discharge in ophiolite/sea-floor systems[M]//Barrie C T, Hannington M D. Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits: Processes and examples in modern and ancient settings. Society of Economic Geologists Reviews in Economic Geology, 1997: 53-73.
51
Hasterok D, Gard M, Bishop C M B, et al. Chemical identification of metamorphic protoliths using machine learning methods[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2019, 132: 56−68.
52
Hedenquist J W, Lowenstern J B. The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits[J]. Nature, 1994, 370(6490): 519−527.
53
Hernandez-uribe D, Palin R M, Cone K A, et al. Petrological implications of seafloor hydrothermal alteration of subducted mid-ocean ridge basalt[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2021, 61(9): egaa086.
54
Hinchey A M, Carr S D. Protolith composition of cordierite-gedrite basement rocks and garnet amphibolite of the Bearpaw Lake area of the Thor-Odin dome, Monashee Complex, British Columbia, Canada[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2007, 45(3): 607−629.
55
Hoffer E, Grant J A. Experimental investigation of the formation of cordierite-orthopyroxene parageneses in pelitic rocks[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1980, 73(1): 15−22.
56
Hood S B, Cracknell M J, Gazley M F. Linking protolith rocks to altered equivalents by combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2018, 186: 270−280.
57
Hu Y, Liu S, Fu J, et al. Neoarchean-early paleoproterozoic granitoids, the geothermal gradient and geodynamic evolution in the Hengshan terrane, North China Craton[J]. Gondwana Research, 2021, 94: 143−163.
58
Humphris S E, Thompson G, Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic basalts by seawater[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1978,42(1): 107-125.
59
Huang H, Niu Y, Zhao Z, et al. On the enigma of Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf fractionation—a critical review[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2011, 22(1): 52−66.
60
Irving A J, Ashley P M. Amphibole‐olivine‐spinel, cordierite‐anthophyllite and related hornfelses associated with metamorphosed serpentinites in the Goobarragandra district, near Tumut, New South Wales[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 1976, 23(1): 19−43.
61
Iwamori H, Yoshida K, Nakamura H, et al. Classification of geochemical data based on multivariate statistical analyses: Complementary roles of cluster, principal component, and independent component analyses[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2017, 18(11): 3966−3981.
62
Jahn B M, Gallet S, Han J. Geochemistry of the Xining, Xifeng and Jixian sections, Loess Plateau of China: eolian dust provenance and paleosol evolution during the last 140 ka[J]. Chemical Geology, 2001, 178(1−4): 71−94.
63
Jenner F E, Bennett V C, Yaxley G, et al. Eoarchean within-plate basalts from southwest Greenland[J]. Geology, 2013, 41(3): 327−330.
64
Jin S, Ma Y, Yang S, et al. The application of big data and machine learning in petrogeochemistry[C]//2024 10th International Conference on Big Data and Information Analytics (BigDIA). Chiang Mai, Thailand: IEEE, 2024: 209−212.
65
Kelsey D E, Hand M. On ultrahigh temperature crustal metamorphism: Phase equilibria, trace element thermometry, bulk composition, heat sources, timescales and tectonic settings[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2015, 6(3): 311−356.
66
Kohn M J. The fall and rise of metamorphic zircon[J]. American Mineralogist, 2016, 101(12): 2568−2569.
67
Kroner A, Wilde S A, Li J H, et al. Age and evolution of a late Archean to Paleoproterozoic upper to lower crustal section in the Wutaishan/Hengshan/Fuping terrain of northern China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(5): 577−595.
68
Kroner A, Wilde S A, Zhao G C, et al. Zircon geochronology and metamorphic evolution of mafic dykes in the Hengshan Complex of northern China: evidence for late Palaeoproterozoic extension and subsequent high-pressure metamorphism in the North China Craton[J]. Precambrian Research, 2006, 146(1−2): 45−67.
69
Langmuir D, Herman J S. The mobility of thorium in natural waters at low temperatures[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1980, 44(11): 1753−1766.
70
Linnen R L, Keppler H. Melt composition control of Zr/Hf fractionation in magmatic processes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2002, 66(18): 3293−3301.
71
Liu C T, Liu X M, Zhang Z J. Data-Driven Investigation Reveals Subaerial Proportion of Basalts Since the Early Archean[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2024, 51(12): e2023GL107066.
72
Liu C, Zhao G, Liu F, et al. Constraints of volcanic rocks of the Wutai Complex (Shanxi Province, Northern China) on a giant late Neoarchean intra-oceanic arc system in the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2016, 123: 178−212.
73
Liu J, Palin R M, Mitchell R N, et al. Archaean multi-stage magmatic underplating drove formation of continental nuclei in the North China Craton[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 6231.
74
Ludwig K R. User's manual for Isoplot 3.00: a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel[R]. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, 2003, 4: 1−70.
75
Lyons T W, Reinhard C T, Planavsky N J. The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere[J]. Nature, 2014, 506(7488): 307−315.
76
Lyu J, Guo Z, Tang M. Compositional evolution of the Archean subaerial crust revisited using machine learning constraints[J]. Chemical Geology, 2025, 693: 122986.
77
Matsuno S, Uno M, Okamoto A, et al. Machine-learning techniques for quantifying the protolith composition and mass transfer history of metabasalt[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 1385.
78
Middelburg J J, Van der weijden C H, Woittiez J R W. Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major, minor and trace elements during weathering of granitic rocks[J]. Chemical Geology, 1988, 68(3−4): 253−273.
79
Moller A, O'brien P J, Kennedy A, et al. Linking growth episodes of zircon and metamorphic textures to zircon chemistry: an example from the ultrahigh-temperature granulites of Rogaland (SW Norway)[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2003, 220(1): 65−81.
80
Nadeau O, Stix J, Williams-jones A E. The behavior of Cu, Zn and Pb during magmatic–hydrothermal activity at Merapi volcano, Indonesia[J]. Chemical Geology, 2013, 342: 167−179.
81
Nesbitt H W, Young G M. Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1984, 48(7): 1523−1534.
82
Nesbitt H W, Young G M, Mclennan S M, et al. Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments, with implications for provenance studies[J]. Journal of Geology, 1996, 104(5): 525−542.
83
Niu Y. Earth processes cause Zr–Hf and Nb–Ta fractionations, but why and how?[J]. RSC Advances, 2012, 2(9): 3587−3591.
84
O'brien P J, Walte N, LI J. The petrology of two distinct granulite types in the Hengshan Mts, China, and tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(5): 615−627.
85
Ordóñez-Calderón J C, Polat A, Fryer B J, et al. Evidence for HFSE and REE mobility during calc-silicate metasomatism, Mesoarchean (∼3075Ma) Ivisaartoq greenstone belt, southern West Greenland[J]. Precambrian Research, 2008, 161(3-4): 317−340.
86
Pan Y, Fleet M E. Geochemistry and origin of cordierite-orthoamphibole gneiss and associated rocks at an Archaean volcanogenic massive sulphide camp: Manitouwadge, Ontario, Canada[J]. Precambrian Research, 1995, 74(1−2): 73−89.
87
Pearce J A. Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust[J]. Lithos, 2008, 100(1−4): 14−48.
88
Pearce J A, Cann J R. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1973, 19(2): 290−300.
89
Peck W H, Valley J W. Genesis of cordierite - gedrite gneisses, Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary thrust zone, Grenville Province, Ontario, Canada[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2000, 38(2): 511−524.
90
Peng P, Feng L, Sun F, et al. Dating the Gaofan and Hutuo Groups – Targets to investigate the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event in North China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2017, 138: 535−547.
91
Peng P, Guo J, Zhai M, et al. Genesis of the Hengling magmatic belt in the North China Craton: implications for Paleoproterozoic tectonics[J]. Lithos, 2012, 148: 27−44.
92
Petrelli M, Caricchi L, Perugini D. Machine Learning Thermo‐Barometry: Application to Clinopyroxene‐Bearing Magmas[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2020, 125(9): e2020JB020130.
93
Pitra P, Boulvais P, Antonoff V, et al. Wagnerite in a cordierite-gedrite gneiss: Witness of long-term fluid-rock interaction in the continental crust (Ile d’Yeu, Armorican Massif, France)[J]. American Mineralogist, 2008, 93(2−3): 315−326.
94
Ptacek M P, Dauphas N, Greber N D. Chemical evolution of the continental crust from a data-driven inversion of terrigenous sediment compositions[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2020, 539: 116090.
95
Qian J H, Wei C J. P–T–t evolution of garnet amphibolites in the Wutai–Hengshan area, North China Craton: insights from phase equilibria and geochronology[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2016, 34(5): 423−446.
96
Qian J, Wei C, Clarke G L, et al. Metamorphic evolution and Zircon ages of Garnet–orthoamphibole rocks in southern Hengshan, North China Craton: Insights into the regional Paleoproterozoic P–T–t history[J]. Precambrian Research, 2015, 256: 223−240.
97
Qian J, Wei C, Yin C. Paleoproterozoic P–T–t evolution in the Hengshan–Wutai–Fuping area, North China Craton: evidence from petrological and geochronological data[J]. Precambrian Research, 2017, 303: 91−104.
98
Qian J, Wei C, Zhou X, et al. Metamorphic P–T paths and new zircon U–Pb age data for garnet–mica schist from the Wutai Group, North China Craton[J]. Precambrian Research, 2013, 233: 282−296.
99
Rahim Y, Li Q, Hu P, et al. Depositional age and provenance of metasedimentary rocks from the Hengshan Complex, North China Craton: implications for the late Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic tectonic setting of the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Precambrian Research, 2024, 404: 107322.
100
Raith M, Karmakar S, Brown M. Ultra-high-temperature metamorphism and multistage decompressional evolution of sapphirine granulites from the Palni Hill ranges, southern India[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1997, 15(3): 379−399.
101
Reinhardt J. Cordierite-anthophyllite rocks from north-west Queensland, Australia: metamorphosed magnesian pelites[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1987, 5(4): 451−472.
102
Rogers J J W, Santosh M. Configuration of Columbia, a Mesoproterozoic Supercontinent[J]. Gondwana Research, 2002, 5(1): 5−22.
103
Rubatto D. Zircon: the metamorphic mineral[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2017, 83(1): 261−302.
104
Rubatto D, Hermann J. Zircon formation during fluid circulation in eclogites (Monviso, Western Alps): implications for Zr and Hf budget in subduction zones[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2003, 67(12): 2173−2187.
105
Safronov V T. Initial mineral composition and geochemical signature of high-alumina gneisses in the Chupa Formation of the Belomorian Group, the Baltic Shield[J]. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2005, 40(5): 472−482.
106
Seewald J S, Seyfried W E. The effect of temperature on metal mobility in subseafloor hydrothermal systems: constraints from basalt alteration experiments[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1990, 101(2): 388−403.
107
Seyfried W E. Experimental and theoretical constraints on hydrothermal alteration processes at mid-ocean ridges[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1987, 15: 317−335.
108
Shi G, Li X, Li Q, et al. Ion microprobe U-Pb age and Zr-in-rutile thermometry of rutiles from the Daixian rutile deposit in the Hengshan Mountains, Shanxi Province, China[J]. Economic Geology, 2012, 107(3): 525−535.
109
Sláma J, Kosler J, Condon D J, et al. Plesovice zircon: A new natural reference material for U–Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis[J]. Chemical Geology, 2008, 249(1−2): 1−35.
110
Smith M S, Dymek R F, Schneiderman J S. Implications of Trace Element Geochemistry for the Origin of Cordierite-Orthoamphibole Rocks from Orijärvi, SW Finland[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1992, 100(5): 545−559.
111
Souza neto J A, Sallet R, Moritz R, et al. The occurrence of anthophyllite–phlogopite-bearing schist in the Seridó Belt, northeastern Brazil: geological significance and potential guide of prospecting for gold and emerald deposits[J]. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2023, 126: 104334.
112
Sugitani K, Yamashita F, Nagaoka T, et al. Geochemistry and sedimentary petrology of Archean clastic sedimentary rocks at Mt. Goldsworthy, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: evidence for the early evolution of continental crust and hydrothermal alteration[J]. Precambrian Research, 2006, 147(1-2): 124−147.
113
Sun D, Li Q, Liu S, et al. Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc evolution in the Wutai-Hengshan-Fuping area, North China Craton: New perspectives from zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data[J]. Precambrian Research, 2019, 331: 105368.
114
Sun S S, Mcdonough W F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1989, 42(1): 313−345.
115
Sun Z, Liao Z, Shen W, et al. Comparing mineral weathering and elemental transport between earth’s critical zone with different parent rocks in Yanshan Mountain, Hebei Province, China[J]. Acta Geochimica, 2022, 41(6): 982−999.
116
Taylor S R, Mclennan S M. The continental crust: its composition and evolution[M]. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1985: 312.
117
Tuttle L, Henry D J, Mogk D W, et al. Archean cordierite-orthopyroxene rocks from the eastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana, USA: insights into the local metamorphic pressure–temperature history[J]. Mineralogical Magazine, 2025, 89(6): 775−790.
118
Vallance T G. Mafic Rock Alteration and Isochemical Development of Some Cordierite-Anthophyllite Rocks[J]. Journal of Petrology, 1967, 8(1): 84−96.
119
Van Buuren S, Boshuizen H C, Knook D L. Multiple imputation of missing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis[J]. Statistics in Medicine, 1999, 18(6): 681−694.
120
Volkert R A, Peck W H. Constraints from geochemistry and oxygen isotopes for the hydrothermal origin of orthoamphibole mafic gneiss in the New Jersey Highlands, North-Central Appalachians, USA[J]. Lithos, 2017, 294-295: 184-197.
121
Van Achterbergh E, Ryan C, Jackson S, et al. Appendix 3, data reduction software for LA-ICP-MS[A]. In: Sylvester P (ed). Laser-Ablation-ICPMS in the Earth Sciences[C]. Mineral Association of Canada, 2001, 29: 239–243.
122
Wan Y, Miao P, Liu D, et al. Formation ages and source regions of the Palaeoproterozoic Gaofan, Hutuo and Dongjiao groups in the Wutai and Dongjiao areas of the North China Craton from SHRIMP U-Pb dating of detrital zircons: Resolution of debates over their stratigraphic relationships[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(13): 1278−1284.
123
Wang W, Liu S, Santosh M, et al. Neoarchean intra-oceanic arc system in the Western Liaoning Province: Implications for Early Precambrian crustal evolution in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2015, 150: 329−364.
124
Wiedenbeck M, Alle P, Corfu F, et al. Three natural zircon standards for U‐Th‐Pb, Lu‐Hf, trace element and REE analyses[J]. Geostandards Newsletter, 1995, 19(1): 1−23.
125
Wilde S A, Cawood P A, Wang K, et al. Determining Precambrian crustal evolution in China: a case-study from Wutaishan, Shanxi Province, demonstrating the application of precise SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2004, 226(1): 5−25.
126
Williams I S. Response of detrital zircon and monazite, and their U–Pb isotopic systems, to regional metamorphism and host-rock partial melting, Cooma Complex, southeastern Australia[J]. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2001, 48(4): 557−580.
127
Winchester J A, Floyd P A. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements[J]. Chemical Geology, 1977, 20: 325−343.
128
Wolter H U, Seifert F. Mineralogy and genesis of cordierite-anthophyllite rocks from the sulfide deposit of Falun, Sweden[J]. Lithos, 1984, 17: 147−152.
129
Yakymchuk C. Prograde zircon growth in migmatites[J]. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2023, 41(5): 719−743.
130
Yoshida S, Ueda H, Asanuma H, et al. Y-Ho fractionation during basalt alteration in hydrothermal system: an implication for superchondritic Y/Ho signature recorded in Precambrian banded iron formations[J]. Chemical Geology, 2024, 670: 122421.
131
Yu C, Yang T, Zhang J, et al. Coexisting diverse P–T–t paths during Neoarchean sagduction: insights from numerical modeling and applications to the Eastern North China Craton[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2022, 586: 117529.
132
Yu X, Liu J, Li C, et al. Zircon U–Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis on the Taihua Complex: Constraints on the formation and evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Precambrian Research, 2013, 230: 31−44.
133
Zhai M, Santosh M. Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth[J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 24(1): 275−297.
134
Zhang H F, Zhu R X, Santosh M, et al. Episodic widespread magma underplating beneath the North China Craton in the Phanerozoic: Implications for craton destruction[J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23(1): 95−107.
135
Zhang J, Zhao G, Li S, et al. Deformation history of the Hengshan Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2007, 29(6): 933−949.
136
Zhang Z, Zheng C, Liang C, et al. Metamorphism and P-T evolution of high-pressure granulites from the Fuping Complex, North China Craton[J]. Minerals, 2024, 14(2): 138−166.
137
Zhao G, Cawood P A, Wilde S A, et al. Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-rodinia supercontinent[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2002, 59(1−4): 125−162.
138
Zhao G, Cawood P A, Li S, et al. Amalgamation of the North China Craton: Key issues and discussion[J]. Precambrian Research, 2012, 222−223: 55−76.
139
Zhao G, Sun M, Wilde S A, et al. Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: key issues revisited[J]. Precambrian Research, 2005, 136(2): 177−202.
140
Zhao G, Wilde S A, Cawood P A, et al. Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: lithological, geochemical, structural and P–T path constraints and tectonic evolution[J]. Precambrian Research, 2001, 107(1−2): 45−73.
141
Zoleikhaei Y, Frei D, Morton A, et al. Roundness of heavy minerals (zircon and apatite) as a provenance tool for unraveling recycling: a case study from the Sefidrud and Sarbaz rivers in N and SE Iran[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2016, 342: 106−117.
142
Zuo R, Xiong Y, Wang J, et al. Deep learning and its application in geochemical mapping[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, 192: 1−14.
2026年第59卷第4期
PDF下载
157
74
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025173
  • 接收时间:2026-02-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-08-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-09
  • 修回日期:2026-03-10
  • 录用日期:2026-03-13
基金
作者信息
    1北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100081
    2关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081
    3美国加州大学伯克利分校化学系,美国 加州 94720

通讯作者:

李秋根(1973−),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事前寒武纪地质学、岩石地球化学、独居石化学法测年及沉积大地构造学研究工作。E−mail:。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xbdz/CN/10.12401/j.nwg.2025173
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏