Article(id=1307086123973505965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025147, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760284800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-13, revisedDate=1765728000000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-15, acceptedDate=1766073600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineDate=1789563216441, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1787155200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563216441, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563216441, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563216441, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307086088166732376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='386', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563207904, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616196824, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=254, endPage=269, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307086124187415470, articleId=1307086123973505965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Genesis of Tourmaline in the Early Paleozoic Piaochi Granitic Pluton in East Qinling: Implications for the Rare Metal Mineralization, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The magmatic-hydrothermal evolution during the differentiation of granitic magma is a key stage to the formation of magmatic pegmatites and related rare-metal mineralization. However, the controlling factors during this process are still unclear. Numerous Paleozoic felsic plutons and rare-metal-mineralized granitic pegmatites occur in the East Qinling tectonic belt, and their genetic relationship has attracted much attention. In order to examine the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution at the late stage of the felsic plutons and shed light on the formation of rare-metal mineralization in East Qinling, we carried out comprehensive analyses on in situ major and trace elements for tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton, the largest S-type granite in East Qinling. Tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton can be divided into four types, i.e., disseminated tourmaline (Tur-D), quartz-tourmaline nodules (Tur-N), tourmaline-quartz veins (Tur-V), and tourmaline along schistosity (Tur-d). The substitution of major elements of Tur-N and Tur-V tourmalines is mainly controlled by (Na, Mg) (Xvac, Al)-1 and (Mg, OH) (Al,O)-1, instead of Fe3+Al–1 substitution. This indicates that the hydrothermal fluids of the Piaochi pluton are in a reducing environment with medium-high salinity content. Based on the occurrence and composition of Tur-D tourmaline, it can be further divided into Tur-D1 and Tur-D2. Tur-D1 is schorlite with a considerable amount of Al in the Y-site, indicating that they crystallize at an early stage of magma cooling. In contrast, Tur-D2 is dravite and replaces Tur-D1 in local places with Tur-D1 tourmaline inclusions, possibly due to the interaction with external fluids at a late stage. Tur-N tourmaline can be further divided into Tur-N1 and Tur-N2. Tur-N1 is schorlite with high Fe, Sn, Nb, Ta, and Zn and low Mg, V, and Sr, and crystallizes from immiscible aqueous boron-rich fluids at the late stage of magma differentiation. Tur-N2 and Tur-V tourmaline have similar compositions, varying from schorlite to dravite, with higher Mg, V, Sr, and Pd compared to Tur-N1. This suggests the influence of the external fluids from country rocks on the composition of magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Piaochi pluton. Tur-d tourmaline (dravite) is closely related to biotite, with magnetite occurring along its rims and fractures, indicating that the metasomatism of biotite by boron-rich fluids. Additionally, the high Nb and Ta concentrations of Tur-N1 tourmaline suggest a transient Nb-Ta enrichment on cooling of the Piaochi pluton. Nevertheless, the reduced condition and intensive interaction with country rocks may impede the Nb-Ta mineralization at a late stage of cooling. Therefore, rare metals would be enriched by the felsic melt differentiation and the exsolution of immiscible fluid during the magmatic-hydrothermal stage. However, the potential of rare-metal mineralization is mainly controlled by the redox condition of the fluids and the interaction with wall-rocks.

, authors=Haixi JING1, Mengxi WANG1, 2, *, Yonggang FENG1, 2, Xiaoyun SUN1, Ting LIANG1, Yi ZHOU1, authorsList=Haixi JING, Mengxi WANG, Yonggang FENG, Xiaoyun SUN, Ting LIANG, Yi ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mengxi WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307086126498476991, articleId=1307086123973505965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=东秦岭早古生代漂池花岗岩体中电气石成因及其微量元素特征对稀有金属成矿的指示, columnId=1307047819974570720, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=非主题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

花岗质熔体岩浆–热液期演化是形成花岗伟晶岩及相关稀有金属矿床的重要阶段,但其主要控制因素尚不清楚。东秦岭构造带发育有大量早古生代花岗岩和赋存稀有金属矿化的花岗伟晶岩,二者之间的成因联系一直备受关注。为查明花岗岩体冷凝晚期岩浆–热液系统的性质和演化过程,为东秦岭稀有金属成矿机制提供矿物学约束,笔者对该地区最大的S型花岗岩漂池岩体岩浆–热液阶段形成的电气石进行了系统分类和精细原位成分研究。岩体中电气石可分为浸染状电气石(Tur-D)、石英–电气石结核(Tur-N)、电气石–石英脉(Tur-V)和沿片麻理分布的电气石(Tur-d)4类。漂池岩体中Tur-N和Tur-V电气石主量元素之间主要为(Na, Mg) (Xvac, Al) -1和(Mg, OH) (Al, O) -1两种替换机制,缺少Fe3+Al–1替换机制,指示岩体晚期流体较还原;Na在X位占位率逐渐升高,指示流体具有中高盐度。根据形态和成分,Tur-D电气石可进一步分为Tur-D1和Tur-D2。Tur-D1为黑电气石,Y位上存在大量Al,结晶于岩浆冷凝的相对早期阶段;Tur-D2为镁电气石,包裹并局部交代Tur-D1电气石,可能是后期外部流体作用的产物。Tur-N电气石可进一步分为Tur-N1和Tur-N2。Tur-N1为黑电气石,以高Fe、Sn、Nb、Ta、Zn和低Mg、V、Sr含量为特征,形成于岩浆结晶晚期分离出的不混溶含水富B热液;Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石具有相似的化学成分,显示由黑电气石向镁电气石过渡的趋势,二者Mg、V、Sr、Pd含量明显高于Tur-N1电气石,可能暗示了来自围岩流体对岩浆热液成分的影响。Tur-d为镁电气石,且与黑云母关系密切,在边部及裂隙处发育有磁铁矿,指示富B流体对岩体中已结晶黑云母的交代。此外,漂池岩体Tur-N1电气石中较高的Nb和Ta含量表明岩浆–热液体系演化中曾存在过短暂的Nb、Ta富集过程,但较还原的环境以及与围岩较强烈的相互作用可能最终制约了Nb-Ta矿化。因此,花岗质熔体在岩浆–热液阶段通过熔体分异、不混溶流体出溶等过程的确能够促进稀有金属富集,但是否具有成矿潜力主要受控于流体氧化还原条件及与围岩相互作用。

, authors=景海玺1, 王梦玺1, 2, *, 凤永刚1, 2, 孙小筠1, 梁婷1, 周义1, authorsList=景海玺, 王梦玺, 凤永刚, 孙小筠, 梁婷, 周义, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王梦玺, authorNote=

景海玺(2000–),男,硕士研究生,矿物学,岩石学,矿床学专业。E–mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王梦玺(1986–),男,教授,博士,主要研究方向为岩浆作用与成矿研究。E–mail:。
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景海玺(2000–),男,硕士研究生,矿物学,岩石学,矿床学专业。E–mail:

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景海玺(2000–),男,硕士研究生,矿物学,岩石学,矿床学专业。E–mail:

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Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2021, 218: 104879., articleTitle=Mineralogy of columbite-group minerals from the rare-element pegmatite dykes in the East-Qinling orogen, central China: Implications for formation times and ore genesis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086126741746624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086126750135233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, companyId=1307086126741746624, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086126754329538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, companyId=1307086126741746624, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086126854992835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086126859187140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, companyId=1307086126854992835, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086126867575749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, companyId=1307086126854992835, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307086129430295534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Distribution of the Early Paleozoic granitic plutons and pegmatites in the East Qinling tectonic belt, Central China, figureFileSmall=JDREelIwrAi/poaUMDJqpg==, figureFileBig=4l71g6s7OcpeXjDu2G+t0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086129518375919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图1, caption=东秦岭构造带早古生代花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩分布图(据陈西京等,1993;栾川幅1∶20万区域地质图修改), figureFileSmall=JDREelIwrAi/poaUMDJqpg==, figureFileBig=4l71g6s7OcpeXjDu2G+t0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086129879086064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Field outcrops of the Piaochi pluton and photos of different types of tourmaline, figureFileSmall=4df7YsvD/3Jma5xWiETG0g==, figureFileBig=WDJwN4xFDBjCgD36kHzg3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086129967166449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图2, caption=漂池岩体野外露头及不同类型电气石照片

a. 黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩和白云母二长花岗岩在野外露头呈渐变接触;b. 黑云母二长花岗岩与二长花岗岩为漂池岩体主体,二者之间呈渐变接触;c. 黑云母二长花岗岩中电气石浸染状分布在石英、长石等造岩矿物之间;d. 二长花岗岩中椭圆形石英–电气石结核,可见电气石细脉与之相连;e. 黑云母二长花岗岩中电气石–石英脉;f. 弱片麻理化二长花岗岩电气石化带中沿片麻理定向排列的电气石

, figureFileSmall=4df7YsvD/3Jma5xWiETG0g==, figureFileBig=WDJwN4xFDBjCgD36kHzg3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130042663922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Photomicrographs of different types of tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton, figureFileSmall=i1uJCVzYMBlgscb4Kzn45g==, figureFileBig=culACOlXL8BBdsyCSNkmMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130231407603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图3, caption=漂池岩体中不同类型电气石显微特征

a. Tur-D2电气石包裹Tur-D1电气石(核部)并形成核–边结构,样品PC-35;b. Tur-D1电气石包裹有石英和长石,样品PC-28;c. 墨绿色Tur-N1电气石,样品PC24-1;d. Tur-N1电气石中包裹斜长石,样品PC24-1;e. Tur-N2电气石的核–边结构,样品PC24-32;f. Tur-N2电气石的核–边结构,样品PC24-46;g. Tur-V电气石的振荡环带与简单环带,样品PC24-38;h. Tur-d电气石紧靠黑云母并发育振荡环带,有细脉与黑云母相连,样品PC24-12;l. 磁铁矿沿Tur-d电气石边部或裂隙分布,样品PC24-11;b为正交偏光照片,上述除b外均为单偏光照片;Tur. 电气石;Qz. 石英;Pl. 斜长石;Kfs. 钾长石;Bt. 黑云母;Mt. 磁铁矿

, figureFileSmall=i1uJCVzYMBlgscb4Kzn45g==, figureFileBig=culACOlXL8BBdsyCSNkmMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130311099380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Plots of tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton, figureFileSmall=3L40TsVD94ZMhPsPWFpOZA==, figureFileBig=GG+AicDH4aPukvSKkSY7wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130415956981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图4, caption=漂池岩体中电气石图解

a.Mg/(Fe+Mg)-Xvac/(Xvac+Na+K) 分类图解(据Henry et al., 2011);b.Ca-Fe-Mg三元图解(底图据Henry et al., 1985),1为富Li花岗岩及相关伟晶岩、细晶岩,2为贫Li花岗岩及相关伟晶岩、细晶岩,3为富Ca变质泥岩、变质砂岩及钙硅酸盐,4为贫Ca变质泥岩、变质砂岩和石英-电气石岩,5为变质碳酸盐岩,6为变超镁铁质岩;c. Mg-Fe图解;d. Al-Fe图解;e.Mg-Ca图解;f. Na-Xvac成分替换图解

, figureFileSmall=3L40TsVD94ZMhPsPWFpOZA==, figureFileBig=GG+AicDH4aPukvSKkSY7wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130508231670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Compositional zonation profile of Tur-N2 and Tur-V tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton, figureFileSmall=bWZBqIxF1R3KB8WVMq29fw==, figureFileBig=3Rk6c/qZ5CYV5cJC096ULg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130600506359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图5, caption=漂池岩体中Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石环带成分剖面图, figureFileSmall=bWZBqIxF1R3KB8WVMq29fw==, figureFileBig=3Rk6c/qZ5CYV5cJC096ULg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130705363960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Plots of element pair for the tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton, figureFileSmall=Mu8B/83GNdS+/bKRPb/SLA==, figureFileBig=1UA++wcn6ivMfNVBrOLEhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130797638649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图6, caption=漂池岩体电气石元素相对图解

a. V与Mg/(Mg+Fe);b. Sc与Mg/(Mg+Fe);c. Ta与Mg/(Mg+Fe);d. Sn与Mg/(Mg+Fe);e. Nb与Mg/(Mg+Fe);f. Sr与Na/(Na+Ca);g. Pb与Na/(Na+Ca);h. Zn与Na/(Na+Ca);i. REE与Na/(Na+Ca)

, figureFileSmall=Mu8B/83GNdS+/bKRPb/SLA==, figureFileBig=1UA++wcn6ivMfNVBrOLEhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130868941818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Genetic model of tourmaline in the Piaochi pluton, figureFileSmall=JphQ47FOR7pbZEUWlAFetQ==, figureFileBig=k1EHy25dgIeUKNo/WRCsbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086130940244987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图7, caption=漂池岩体电气石成因模式图

a. Tur-D1电气石开始从岩浆中结晶;b. 不混溶含水富B热液开始从岩浆分离、聚集并结晶形成Tur-N1电气石;c. 围岩流体渗入并与不混溶含水富B热液混合结晶形成Tur-N2电气石;d. 岩体中不混溶含水富B热液进一步分离,与围岩流体混合形成Tur-V电气石;随着围岩流体加入,c、d阶段的Tur-D2电气石开始结晶

, figureFileSmall=JphQ47FOR7pbZEUWlAFetQ==, figureFileBig=k1EHy25dgIeUKNo/WRCsbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086131032519676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Plots of (a) Li vs. Zn and (b) Li vs. V of tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton, figureFileSmall=oJh6tlafyE1qSY+V0tGW7g==, figureFileBig=jlFoWJRLgedVvY9THlu1sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086131120600061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=图8, caption=漂池岩体中电气石Li-Zn含量(a)和Li-V含量(a)相对图解

东秦岭伟晶岩中电气石元素含量引自凤永刚等(2022)

, figureFileSmall=oJh6tlafyE1qSY+V0tGW7g==, figureFileBig=jlFoWJRLgedVvY9THlu1sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086131196097534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Major (%) and trace (10−6) element compositions of tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电气石
类型
Tur-D1Tur-D2Tur-N1Tur-N2Tur-VTur-d
主量
元素
范围
(N=27)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=108)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=14)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=85)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=55)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=78)
标准
偏差
SiO234.66~
36.76
0.4834.61~
36.34
0.3434.92~
35.58
0.234.80~
37.22
0.4335.12~
36.52
0.3234.89~
37.01
0.54
TiO20.23~
2.06
0.390.47~
2.71
0.410.41~
0.65
0.060.19~
1.66
0.280.25~
1.18
0.210.21~
1.29
0.21
Al2O331.44~
34.00
0.8129.17~
33.95
0.7531.13~
32.02
0.2828.52~
33.24
129.84~
32.45
0.6226.85~
33.12
1.36
FeO7.37~
8.94
0.477.09~
8.95
0.4113.10~
14.77
0.578.83~
11.45
0.637.88~
11.50
0.82.35~
10.20
2.34
MnO0.03~
0.14
0.03bdl~
0.14
0.030.04~
0.12
0.030.04~
0.14
0.020.07~
0.25
0.05bdl~
0.13
0.03
MgO2.34~
4.32
0.544.70~
6.56
0.311.66~
2.86
0.453.14~
6.80
0.793.22~
6.26
0.735.02~
7.21
0.5
CaO0.24~
1.10
0.220.46~
1.11
0.130.23~
0.43
0.060.18~
1.00
0.210.10~
0.86
0.220.31~
1.17
0.18
Na2O1.79~
2.29
0.131.84~
2.46
0.131.78~
2.04
0.071.61~
2.35
0.161.61~
2.21
0.121.88~
2.48
0.13
K2Obdl~
0.11
0.020.01~
0.10
0.020.04~
0.08
0.010.02~
0.07
0.010.03~
0.19
0.02bdl~
0.12
0.02
Total82.08~
86.25
0.9483.57~
86.52
0.5185.28~
86.43
0.3684.76~
87.06
0.4584.08~
86.16
0.3974.80~
86.58
3.21
F0.11~
0.51
0.080.14~
0.56
0.080.14~
0.41
0.070.10~
0.66
0.120.08~
0.56
0.120.16~
0.58
0.11
*B2O310.26~
10.85
0.1410.69~
11.08
0.0710.49~
10.72
0.0610.68~
11.14
0.110.62~
10.97
0.099.67~
11.11
0.37
*Li2O0.69~
1.20
0.120.90~
1.48
0.090.86~
1.05
0.040.77~
1.59
0.190.74~
1.31
0.150.92~
1.89
0.19
*H2O3.34~
3.61
0.063.48~
3.66
0.043.46~
3.61
0.043.47~
3.65
0.043.44~
3.63
0.043.22~
3.73
0.12
Total96.57~
101.56
1.199.17~
102.50
0.62100.19~
101.60
0.4399.95~
103.10
0.6499.53~
101.84
0.5389.54~
102.64
3.56
O3131
Si5.76~
6.11
0.0725.53~
5.85
0.0515.67~
5.82
0.0435.65~
5.93
0.0635.65~
5.92
0.0635.58~
6.49
0.237
B303030303030
Al6.14~
6.70
0.155.59~
6.42
0.146.00~
6.15
0.0435.28~
6.35
0.2265.65~
6.26
0.1485.29~
6.19
0.223
Ti0.03~
0.26
0.050.06~
0.33
0.0490.05~
0.08
0.0080.02~
0.20
0.0340.03~
0.14
0.0260.03~
0.15
0.025
Mg0.59~
1.04
0.1231.13~
1.53
0.070.41~
0.70
0.1080.76~
1.59
0.1770.78~
1.48
0.1681.24~
1.68
0.111
Mn0.00~
0.02
0.0040.00~
0.02
0.0040.01~
0.02
0.0040.01~
0.02
0.0030.01~
0.03
0.0060.00~
0.02
0.004
Fe1.03~
1.24
0.0640.94~
1.20
0.0561.78~
2.02
0.0821.18~
1.55
0.091.05~
1.55
0.1150.34~
1.37
0.3
Ca0.04~
0.19
0.0390.08~
0.19
0.0220.04~
0.08
0.0110.03~
0.17
0.0360.02~
0.15
0.0370.05~
0.21
0.03
Na0.58~
0.74
0.0450.57~
0.75
0.0380.56~
0.64
0.0210.51~
0.72
0.0450.51~
0.69
0.0350.58~
0.77
0.041
主量
元素
范围
(N=27)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=108)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=14)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=85)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=55)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=78)
标准
偏差
K0.00~
0.02
0.0040.00~
0.02
0.0030.01~
0.02
0.0020.00~
0.01
0.0030.01~
0.04
0.0040.00~
0.02
0.004
F0.06~
0.27
0.0450.07~
0.28
0.0410.07~
0.21
0.0360.05~
0.33
0.0610.04~
0.28
0.0610.08~
0.29
0.056
Al(VI)0.00~
0.24
0.0590.15~
0.47
0.0510.18~
0.33
0.0430.07~
0.37
0.0640.08~
0.35
0.0630.00~
0.42
0.132
Al(Y)0.09~
0.70
0.1640.00~
0.15
0.0170.00~
0.00
00.00~
0.17
0.0350.00~
0.14
0.0250.00~
0.09
0.015
Al(Z)6.00~
6.00
05.33~
6.00
0.1435.73~
5.94
0.0594.99~
6.00
0.2525.38~
6.00
0.1875.07~
6.00
0.24
Mg(Z)0.00~
0.00
00.00~
0.67
0.1430.06~
0.27
0.0590.00~
1.01
0.2520.00~
0.62
0.1870.00~
0.93
0.24
Y total2.20~
2.53
0.0792.07~
2.42
0.0572.31~
2.43
0.0282.00~
2.50
0.1162.15~
2.52
0.0961.63~
2.41
0.148
Li0.47~
0.80
0.0790.58~
0.93
0.0570.57~
0.69
0.0280.50~
1.00
0.1160.48~
0.85
0.0960.59~
1.37
0.148
Xvac0.13~
0.35
0.0750.10~
0.29
0.0420.28~
0.38
0.0260.15~
0.45
0.070.19~
0.47
0.0630.07~
0.33
0.051
OH3.73~
3.94
0.0453.72~
3.93
0.0413.79~
3.93
0.0363.67~
3.95
0.0613.72~
3.96
0.0613.71~
3.92
0.056
微量
元素
范围
(N=16)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=45)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=8)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=50)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=29)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=36)
标准
偏差
Li72.3~
167
27.254.5~
164
25.9100~
221
54.955.6~
225
42.3114~
232
32.446.8~
102
14.7
Be0.85~
16.3
4.572.22~
120
30.27.11~
23.8
5.062.83~
23.8
4.075.11~
30.8
4.921.56~
19.2
4.71
Sc12.3~
34.2
7.968.90~
42.5
7.377.61~
43.5
13.79.51~
117
19.712.6~
85.1
18.418.8~
69.1
13.4
V70.4~
166
21.863.6~
170
25.72.35~
5.82
1.131.05~
207
59.963.1~
150
19.2121~
242
32.3
Co14.3~
24.9
2.7614.5~
25.7
1.987.77~
11.8
1.640.60~
32.9
8.526.46~
26.3
5.1810.1~
24.4
4.22
Ni13.9~
57.7
1317.1~
54.1
8.770.29~
7.01
2.470.46~
50.3
14.44.17~
53.5
12.311.7~
70.5
16
Zn328~
442
38.2317~
433
29.11252~
1461
81.2395~
716
64.4490~
872
87.4346~
515
43.5
Rbbdl~
7.52
1.87bdl~
20.2
3.11bdl~
0.99
0.4bdl~
4.14
0.6bdl~
3.39
0.82bdl~
28.5
5.76
Sr40.2~
65.8
8.4847.7~
135
15.34.77~
6.96
0.9915.2~
222
39.213.3~
102
21.650.8~
135
19.1
Nb0.01~
0.55
0.16bdl~
1.10
0.210.78~
12.1
4.170.01~
1.10
0.230.02~
0.98
0.230.03~
0.88
0.21
Sn6.91~
127
36.56.83~
73.1
15.364.0~
452
1438.28~
172
33.517.9~
109
20.88.71~
63.3
13.9
La0.44~
7.03
1.552.73~
8.77
1.441.29~
2.02
0.230.40~
7.07
1.850.95~
8.58
2.210.53~
10.5
2.56
Ce0.87~
11.0
2.54.86~
18.7
2.62.61~
3.90
0.460.57~
10.7
2.951.83~
15.2
3.610.94~
16.7
4.16
Pr0.09~
1.04
0.240.40~
1.82
0.270.18~
0.32
0.060.001~
0.90
0.260.16~
1.40
0.320.10~
1.53
0.34
微量
元素
范围
(N=16)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=45)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=8)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=50)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=29)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=36)
标准
偏差
Nd0.18~
2.98
0.80.99~
6.21
0.980.36~
1.79
0.420.11~
3.90
0.880.70~
3.80
0.810.15~
3.79
1.01
Smbdl~
0.53
0.13bdl~
1.30
0.25bdl~
0.39
0.13bdl~
1.00
0.21bdl~
0.95
0.21bdl~
0.61
0.16
Eu0.04~
0.32
0.080.05~
0.65
0.12bdl~
0.10
0.04bdl~
0.59
0.120.01~
0.35
0.090.08~
0.70
0.14
Gdbdl~
0.35
0.1bdl~
1.17
0.2bdl~
0.27
0.1bdl~
0.48
0.12bdl~
0.54
0.12bdl~
0.29
0.08
Tbbdl~
0.07
0.02bdl~
0.13
0.03bdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.08
0.02bdl~
0.10
0.03bdl~
0.05
0.01
Dybdl~
0.21
0.07bdl~
0.59
0.12bdl~
0.12
0.04bdl~
0.22
0.07bdl~
0.44
0.1bdl~
0.22
0.05
Hobdl~
0.10
0.03bdl~
0.13
0.02bdl~
0.05
0.02bdl~
0.04
0.01bdl~
0.09
0.02bdl~
0.31
0.01
Erbdl~
0.39
0.1bdl~
0.47
0.08bdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.17
0.03bdl~
0.10
0.02bdl~
0.13
0.03
Tmbdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.05
0.01bdl~
0.06
0.02bdl~
0.04
0.01bdl~
0.06
0.01bdl~
0.03
0.01
Ybbdl~
0.30
0.1bdl~
0.44
0.09bdl~
0.21
0.08bdl~
0.29
0.06bdl~
0.41
0.1bdl~
0.18
0.05
Lubdl~
0.07
0.02bdl~
0.10
0.02bdl~
0.01
—bdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.09
0.02bdl~
0.03
0.01
Tabdl~
0.78
0.26bdl~
1.40
0.240.29~
12.7
4.8bdl~
0.32
0.08bdl~
0.51
0.19bdl~
0.66
0.16
Pb4.29~
13.3
2.426.92~
35.2
5.543.05~
5.79
1.11.98~
26.6
5.424.02~
21.8
4.237.95~
56.4
7.81
), ArticleFig(id=1307086131313538047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086123973505965, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

漂池岩体中电气石主量元素(%)和微量元素(10−6)分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电气石
类型
Tur-D1Tur-D2Tur-N1Tur-N2Tur-VTur-d
主量
元素
范围
(N=27)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=108)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=14)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=85)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=55)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=78)
标准
偏差
SiO234.66~
36.76
0.4834.61~
36.34
0.3434.92~
35.58
0.234.80~
37.22
0.4335.12~
36.52
0.3234.89~
37.01
0.54
TiO20.23~
2.06
0.390.47~
2.71
0.410.41~
0.65
0.060.19~
1.66
0.280.25~
1.18
0.210.21~
1.29
0.21
Al2O331.44~
34.00
0.8129.17~
33.95
0.7531.13~
32.02
0.2828.52~
33.24
129.84~
32.45
0.6226.85~
33.12
1.36
FeO7.37~
8.94
0.477.09~
8.95
0.4113.10~
14.77
0.578.83~
11.45
0.637.88~
11.50
0.82.35~
10.20
2.34
MnO0.03~
0.14
0.03bdl~
0.14
0.030.04~
0.12
0.030.04~
0.14
0.020.07~
0.25
0.05bdl~
0.13
0.03
MgO2.34~
4.32
0.544.70~
6.56
0.311.66~
2.86
0.453.14~
6.80
0.793.22~
6.26
0.735.02~
7.21
0.5
CaO0.24~
1.10
0.220.46~
1.11
0.130.23~
0.43
0.060.18~
1.00
0.210.10~
0.86
0.220.31~
1.17
0.18
Na2O1.79~
2.29
0.131.84~
2.46
0.131.78~
2.04
0.071.61~
2.35
0.161.61~
2.21
0.121.88~
2.48
0.13
K2Obdl~
0.11
0.020.01~
0.10
0.020.04~
0.08
0.010.02~
0.07
0.010.03~
0.19
0.02bdl~
0.12
0.02
Total82.08~
86.25
0.9483.57~
86.52
0.5185.28~
86.43
0.3684.76~
87.06
0.4584.08~
86.16
0.3974.80~
86.58
3.21
F0.11~
0.51
0.080.14~
0.56
0.080.14~
0.41
0.070.10~
0.66
0.120.08~
0.56
0.120.16~
0.58
0.11
*B2O310.26~
10.85
0.1410.69~
11.08
0.0710.49~
10.72
0.0610.68~
11.14
0.110.62~
10.97
0.099.67~
11.11
0.37
*Li2O0.69~
1.20
0.120.90~
1.48
0.090.86~
1.05
0.040.77~
1.59
0.190.74~
1.31
0.150.92~
1.89
0.19
*H2O3.34~
3.61
0.063.48~
3.66
0.043.46~
3.61
0.043.47~
3.65
0.043.44~
3.63
0.043.22~
3.73
0.12
Total96.57~
101.56
1.199.17~
102.50
0.62100.19~
101.60
0.4399.95~
103.10
0.6499.53~
101.84
0.5389.54~
102.64
3.56
O3131
Si5.76~
6.11
0.0725.53~
5.85
0.0515.67~
5.82
0.0435.65~
5.93
0.0635.65~
5.92
0.0635.58~
6.49
0.237
B303030303030
Al6.14~
6.70
0.155.59~
6.42
0.146.00~
6.15
0.0435.28~
6.35
0.2265.65~
6.26
0.1485.29~
6.19
0.223
Ti0.03~
0.26
0.050.06~
0.33
0.0490.05~
0.08
0.0080.02~
0.20
0.0340.03~
0.14
0.0260.03~
0.15
0.025
Mg0.59~
1.04
0.1231.13~
1.53
0.070.41~
0.70
0.1080.76~
1.59
0.1770.78~
1.48
0.1681.24~
1.68
0.111
Mn0.00~
0.02
0.0040.00~
0.02
0.0040.01~
0.02
0.0040.01~
0.02
0.0030.01~
0.03
0.0060.00~
0.02
0.004
Fe1.03~
1.24
0.0640.94~
1.20
0.0561.78~
2.02
0.0821.18~
1.55
0.091.05~
1.55
0.1150.34~
1.37
0.3
Ca0.04~
0.19
0.0390.08~
0.19
0.0220.04~
0.08
0.0110.03~
0.17
0.0360.02~
0.15
0.0370.05~
0.21
0.03
Na0.58~
0.74
0.0450.57~
0.75
0.0380.56~
0.64
0.0210.51~
0.72
0.0450.51~
0.69
0.0350.58~
0.77
0.041
主量
元素
范围
(N=27)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=108)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=14)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=85)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=55)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=78)
标准
偏差
K0.00~
0.02
0.0040.00~
0.02
0.0030.01~
0.02
0.0020.00~
0.01
0.0030.01~
0.04
0.0040.00~
0.02
0.004
F0.06~
0.27
0.0450.07~
0.28
0.0410.07~
0.21
0.0360.05~
0.33
0.0610.04~
0.28
0.0610.08~
0.29
0.056
Al(VI)0.00~
0.24
0.0590.15~
0.47
0.0510.18~
0.33
0.0430.07~
0.37
0.0640.08~
0.35
0.0630.00~
0.42
0.132
Al(Y)0.09~
0.70
0.1640.00~
0.15
0.0170.00~
0.00
00.00~
0.17
0.0350.00~
0.14
0.0250.00~
0.09
0.015
Al(Z)6.00~
6.00
05.33~
6.00
0.1435.73~
5.94
0.0594.99~
6.00
0.2525.38~
6.00
0.1875.07~
6.00
0.24
Mg(Z)0.00~
0.00
00.00~
0.67
0.1430.06~
0.27
0.0590.00~
1.01
0.2520.00~
0.62
0.1870.00~
0.93
0.24
Y total2.20~
2.53
0.0792.07~
2.42
0.0572.31~
2.43
0.0282.00~
2.50
0.1162.15~
2.52
0.0961.63~
2.41
0.148
Li0.47~
0.80
0.0790.58~
0.93
0.0570.57~
0.69
0.0280.50~
1.00
0.1160.48~
0.85
0.0960.59~
1.37
0.148
Xvac0.13~
0.35
0.0750.10~
0.29
0.0420.28~
0.38
0.0260.15~
0.45
0.070.19~
0.47
0.0630.07~
0.33
0.051
OH3.73~
3.94
0.0453.72~
3.93
0.0413.79~
3.93
0.0363.67~
3.95
0.0613.72~
3.96
0.0613.71~
3.92
0.056
微量
元素
范围
(N=16)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=45)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=8)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=50)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=29)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=36)
标准
偏差
Li72.3~
167
27.254.5~
164
25.9100~
221
54.955.6~
225
42.3114~
232
32.446.8~
102
14.7
Be0.85~
16.3
4.572.22~
120
30.27.11~
23.8
5.062.83~
23.8
4.075.11~
30.8
4.921.56~
19.2
4.71
Sc12.3~
34.2
7.968.90~
42.5
7.377.61~
43.5
13.79.51~
117
19.712.6~
85.1
18.418.8~
69.1
13.4
V70.4~
166
21.863.6~
170
25.72.35~
5.82
1.131.05~
207
59.963.1~
150
19.2121~
242
32.3
Co14.3~
24.9
2.7614.5~
25.7
1.987.77~
11.8
1.640.60~
32.9
8.526.46~
26.3
5.1810.1~
24.4
4.22
Ni13.9~
57.7
1317.1~
54.1
8.770.29~
7.01
2.470.46~
50.3
14.44.17~
53.5
12.311.7~
70.5
16
Zn328~
442
38.2317~
433
29.11252~
1461
81.2395~
716
64.4490~
872
87.4346~
515
43.5
Rbbdl~
7.52
1.87bdl~
20.2
3.11bdl~
0.99
0.4bdl~
4.14
0.6bdl~
3.39
0.82bdl~
28.5
5.76
Sr40.2~
65.8
8.4847.7~
135
15.34.77~
6.96
0.9915.2~
222
39.213.3~
102
21.650.8~
135
19.1
Nb0.01~
0.55
0.16bdl~
1.10
0.210.78~
12.1
4.170.01~
1.10
0.230.02~
0.98
0.230.03~
0.88
0.21
Sn6.91~
127
36.56.83~
73.1
15.364.0~
452
1438.28~
172
33.517.9~
109
20.88.71~
63.3
13.9
La0.44~
7.03
1.552.73~
8.77
1.441.29~
2.02
0.230.40~
7.07
1.850.95~
8.58
2.210.53~
10.5
2.56
Ce0.87~
11.0
2.54.86~
18.7
2.62.61~
3.90
0.460.57~
10.7
2.951.83~
15.2
3.610.94~
16.7
4.16
Pr0.09~
1.04
0.240.40~
1.82
0.270.18~
0.32
0.060.001~
0.90
0.260.16~
1.40
0.320.10~
1.53
0.34
微量
元素
范围
(N=16)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=45)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=8)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=50)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=29)
标准
偏差
范围
(N=36)
标准
偏差
Nd0.18~
2.98
0.80.99~
6.21
0.980.36~
1.79
0.420.11~
3.90
0.880.70~
3.80
0.810.15~
3.79
1.01
Smbdl~
0.53
0.13bdl~
1.30
0.25bdl~
0.39
0.13bdl~
1.00
0.21bdl~
0.95
0.21bdl~
0.61
0.16
Eu0.04~
0.32
0.080.05~
0.65
0.12bdl~
0.10
0.04bdl~
0.59
0.120.01~
0.35
0.090.08~
0.70
0.14
Gdbdl~
0.35
0.1bdl~
1.17
0.2bdl~
0.27
0.1bdl~
0.48
0.12bdl~
0.54
0.12bdl~
0.29
0.08
Tbbdl~
0.07
0.02bdl~
0.13
0.03bdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.08
0.02bdl~
0.10
0.03bdl~
0.05
0.01
Dybdl~
0.21
0.07bdl~
0.59
0.12bdl~
0.12
0.04bdl~
0.22
0.07bdl~
0.44
0.1bdl~
0.22
0.05
Hobdl~
0.10
0.03bdl~
0.13
0.02bdl~
0.05
0.02bdl~
0.04
0.01bdl~
0.09
0.02bdl~
0.31
0.01
Erbdl~
0.39
0.1bdl~
0.47
0.08bdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.17
0.03bdl~
0.10
0.02bdl~
0.13
0.03
Tmbdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.05
0.01bdl~
0.06
0.02bdl~
0.04
0.01bdl~
0.06
0.01bdl~
0.03
0.01
Ybbdl~
0.30
0.1bdl~
0.44
0.09bdl~
0.21
0.08bdl~
0.29
0.06bdl~
0.41
0.1bdl~
0.18
0.05
Lubdl~
0.07
0.02bdl~
0.10
0.02bdl~
0.01
—bdl~
0.03
0.01bdl~
0.09
0.02bdl~
0.03
0.01
Tabdl~
0.78
0.26bdl~
1.40
0.240.29~
12.7
4.8bdl~
0.32
0.08bdl~
0.51
0.19bdl~
0.66
0.16
Pb4.29~
13.3
2.426.92~
35.2
5.543.05~
5.79
1.11.98~
26.6
5.424.02~
21.8
4.237.95~
56.4
7.81
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东秦岭早古生代漂池花岗岩体中电气石成因及其微量元素特征对稀有金属成矿的指示
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景海玺 1 , 王梦玺 1, 2, * , 凤永刚 1, 2 , 孙小筠 1 , 梁婷 1 , 周义 1
西北地质 | 非主题 2026,59(4): 254-269
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西北地质 |非主题 2026 , 59 (4) : 254 -269
东秦岭早古生代漂池花岗岩体中电气石成因及其微量元素特征对稀有金属成矿的指示
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景海玺1 , 王梦玺1, 2, * , 凤永刚1, 2, 孙小筠1, 梁婷1, 周义1
作者信息
  • 1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054
通讯作者:
王梦玺(1986–),男,教授,博士,主要研究方向为岩浆作用与成矿研究。E–mail:。
作者简介:

景海玺(2000–),男,硕士研究生,矿物学,岩石学,矿床学专业。E–mail:

Genesis of Tourmaline in the Early Paleozoic Piaochi Granitic Pluton in East Qinling: Implications for the Rare Metal Mineralization
Haixi JING1 , Mengxi WANG1, 2, * , Yonggang FENG1, 2, Xiaoyun SUN1, Ting LIANG1, Yi ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-08-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025147
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花岗质熔体岩浆–热液期演化是形成花岗伟晶岩及相关稀有金属矿床的重要阶段,但其主要控制因素尚不清楚。东秦岭构造带发育有大量早古生代花岗岩和赋存稀有金属矿化的花岗伟晶岩,二者之间的成因联系一直备受关注。为查明花岗岩体冷凝晚期岩浆–热液系统的性质和演化过程,为东秦岭稀有金属成矿机制提供矿物学约束,笔者对该地区最大的S型花岗岩漂池岩体岩浆–热液阶段形成的电气石进行了系统分类和精细原位成分研究。岩体中电气石可分为浸染状电气石(Tur-D)、石英–电气石结核(Tur-N)、电气石–石英脉(Tur-V)和沿片麻理分布的电气石(Tur-d)4类。漂池岩体中Tur-N和Tur-V电气石主量元素之间主要为(Na, Mg) (Xvac, Al) -1和(Mg, OH) (Al, O) -1两种替换机制,缺少Fe3+Al–1替换机制,指示岩体晚期流体较还原;Na在X位占位率逐渐升高,指示流体具有中高盐度。根据形态和成分,Tur-D电气石可进一步分为Tur-D1和Tur-D2。Tur-D1为黑电气石,Y位上存在大量Al,结晶于岩浆冷凝的相对早期阶段;Tur-D2为镁电气石,包裹并局部交代Tur-D1电气石,可能是后期外部流体作用的产物。Tur-N电气石可进一步分为Tur-N1和Tur-N2。Tur-N1为黑电气石,以高Fe、Sn、Nb、Ta、Zn和低Mg、V、Sr含量为特征,形成于岩浆结晶晚期分离出的不混溶含水富B热液;Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石具有相似的化学成分,显示由黑电气石向镁电气石过渡的趋势,二者Mg、V、Sr、Pd含量明显高于Tur-N1电气石,可能暗示了来自围岩流体对岩浆热液成分的影响。Tur-d为镁电气石,且与黑云母关系密切,在边部及裂隙处发育有磁铁矿,指示富B流体对岩体中已结晶黑云母的交代。此外,漂池岩体Tur-N1电气石中较高的Nb和Ta含量表明岩浆–热液体系演化中曾存在过短暂的Nb、Ta富集过程,但较还原的环境以及与围岩较强烈的相互作用可能最终制约了Nb-Ta矿化。因此,花岗质熔体在岩浆–热液阶段通过熔体分异、不混溶流体出溶等过程的确能够促进稀有金属富集,但是否具有成矿潜力主要受控于流体氧化还原条件及与围岩相互作用。

电气石  /  岩浆–热液阶段  /  漂池岩体  /  东秦岭

The magmatic-hydrothermal evolution during the differentiation of granitic magma is a key stage to the formation of magmatic pegmatites and related rare-metal mineralization. However, the controlling factors during this process are still unclear. Numerous Paleozoic felsic plutons and rare-metal-mineralized granitic pegmatites occur in the East Qinling tectonic belt, and their genetic relationship has attracted much attention. In order to examine the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution at the late stage of the felsic plutons and shed light on the formation of rare-metal mineralization in East Qinling, we carried out comprehensive analyses on in situ major and trace elements for tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton, the largest S-type granite in East Qinling. Tourmaline from the Piaochi pluton can be divided into four types, i.e., disseminated tourmaline (Tur-D), quartz-tourmaline nodules (Tur-N), tourmaline-quartz veins (Tur-V), and tourmaline along schistosity (Tur-d). The substitution of major elements of Tur-N and Tur-V tourmalines is mainly controlled by (Na, Mg) (Xvac, Al)-1 and (Mg, OH) (Al,O)-1, instead of Fe3+Al–1 substitution. This indicates that the hydrothermal fluids of the Piaochi pluton are in a reducing environment with medium-high salinity content. Based on the occurrence and composition of Tur-D tourmaline, it can be further divided into Tur-D1 and Tur-D2. Tur-D1 is schorlite with a considerable amount of Al in the Y-site, indicating that they crystallize at an early stage of magma cooling. In contrast, Tur-D2 is dravite and replaces Tur-D1 in local places with Tur-D1 tourmaline inclusions, possibly due to the interaction with external fluids at a late stage. Tur-N tourmaline can be further divided into Tur-N1 and Tur-N2. Tur-N1 is schorlite with high Fe, Sn, Nb, Ta, and Zn and low Mg, V, and Sr, and crystallizes from immiscible aqueous boron-rich fluids at the late stage of magma differentiation. Tur-N2 and Tur-V tourmaline have similar compositions, varying from schorlite to dravite, with higher Mg, V, Sr, and Pd compared to Tur-N1. This suggests the influence of the external fluids from country rocks on the composition of magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Piaochi pluton. Tur-d tourmaline (dravite) is closely related to biotite, with magnetite occurring along its rims and fractures, indicating that the metasomatism of biotite by boron-rich fluids. Additionally, the high Nb and Ta concentrations of Tur-N1 tourmaline suggest a transient Nb-Ta enrichment on cooling of the Piaochi pluton. Nevertheless, the reduced condition and intensive interaction with country rocks may impede the Nb-Ta mineralization at a late stage of cooling. Therefore, rare metals would be enriched by the felsic melt differentiation and the exsolution of immiscible fluid during the magmatic-hydrothermal stage. However, the potential of rare-metal mineralization is mainly controlled by the redox condition of the fluids and the interaction with wall-rocks.

tourmaline  /  magmatic-hydrothermal evolution  /  Piaochi pluton  /  east Qinling
景海玺, 王梦玺, 凤永刚, 孙小筠, 梁婷, 周义. 东秦岭早古生代漂池花岗岩体中电气石成因及其微量元素特征对稀有金属成矿的指示. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (4) : 254 -269 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025147
Haixi JING, Mengxi WANG, Yonggang FENG, Xiaoyun SUN, Ting LIANG, Yi ZHOU. Genesis of Tourmaline in the Early Paleozoic Piaochi Granitic Pluton in East Qinling: Implications for the Rare Metal Mineralization[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (4) : 254 -269 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025147
电气石是花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩及其相关岩浆–热液矿床(如钨锡矿、斑岩Cu-Mo矿床和伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床)中主要硼硅酸盐矿物(London et al., 1996; Harlaux et al., 2020),具有较大温压稳定范围和较强抗蚀变能力(Yang et al., 2015),而且晶体中元素扩散速率可忽略不计(Henry et al., 2011)。因此,电气石可以很好地记录其结晶和生长过程中共存流体和/或熔体的物理化学性质及其变化过程,为研究花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩熔体和/或流体的演化及岩石成因提供重要信息(van Hinsberg et al., 2011a; Yang et al., 2015)。
东秦岭构造带(即北秦岭造山带东段)中发育有大量早古生代花岗岩和具有Li、Be、Nb、Ta等稀有金属矿床的花岗伟晶岩(陈西京等,1993;王汉辉等,2023),二者在空间上共生,其成因联系一直备受关注(Zhou et al., 2021)。目前研究认为,花岗伟晶岩主要形成于花岗质岩浆的结晶分异或变质地层的深熔作用中(周起凤等,2023)。东秦岭地区最大的S型花岗岩漂池岩体形成时代为473~495 Ma(Qin et al., 2014),比区域上花岗伟晶岩形成的主体时代(363~447 Ma)早至少26 Ma(Zhou et al., 2021),因此有学者认为二者可能不具有成因关系(王梦玺等,2022)。然而,东秦岭早古生代花岗岩体中仅漂池岩体具有和赋存稀有金属矿床(化)花岗伟晶岩相同的源区,均被认为是秦岭群深熔作用的产物(Zhou et al., 2021)。因此,查明漂池岩体在岩浆–热液阶段的演化过程有助于进一步认识东秦岭稀有金属矿床形成过程,为找矿勘查提供启示。
前人对漂池岩体的研究多集中于源区性质和岩浆演化过程,而对岩浆–热液阶段的演化缺乏详细研究,制约了人们对岩体成因及稀有金属富集过程的认识。漂池岩体中发育有大量具有环带结构的电气石,为研究岩体岩浆–热液阶段演化及稀有金属富集机制提供了良好的对象。笔者通过对岩体中电气石进行原位成分分析,揭示花岗质岩浆冷凝晚期岩浆–热液阶段的演化过程,进而探讨东秦岭地区早古生代壳源岩浆活动与稀有金属成矿之间的关系。
秦岭造山带以商丹缝合带为界被分为北秦岭构造带和南秦岭构造带(Dong et al., 2011;葛战林等,2020;高永宝等,2026;图1a)。北秦岭构造带从北到南依次出露宽坪岩群、二郎坪岩群、秦岭岩群和松树沟元古宙蛇绿岩4个单元(Dong et al., 2011)。其中,宽坪岩群形成于新元古代—早古生代,主要由强烈变形的绿片岩、斜长角闪岩、大理岩和云母石英片岩组成(Wu et al., 2013)。二郎坪岩群形成于早古生代,主要由基性–中性火山岩、浅成岩脉、细粒碎屑岩和燧石组成,含寒武系–奥陶系化石,经历了绿片岩相到角闪岩相变质作用(Dong et al., 2011)。秦岭岩群形成于新元古代早期,是北秦岭构造带最古老的结晶基底,主要由含石榴石黑云母斜长片麻岩、石榴石矽线石片麻岩、角闪岩和大理岩组成(Dong et al., 2011)。松树沟蛇绿岩主要由角闪岩相变质基性岩和超基性岩组成(Dong et al., 2008)。
秦岭造山带中早古生代花岗岩大部分出露于北秦岭构造带,并且在东秦岭地区最为发育,包括灰池子和漂池等代表性岩体(图1b)。这些岩体多以岩基或不规则小岩体产出,主要岩石类型有英云闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩等(陈西京等,1993)。前人对东秦岭早古生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄的统计表明,该时期花岗质岩浆活动可以分为3期:第一期(485~500 Ma)形成了区域上最大的S型花岗岩漂池岩体;第二期(~450 Ma)以广泛发育的二长花岗岩为特征,形成了区域上最大I型花岗岩灰池子岩体的主体;第三期(~420 Ma)形成区域上分布范围和规模均较小的正长花岗岩(王梦玺等,2022)。
漂池岩体沿朱夏断裂带呈不规则拉长状,长轴方向与区域构造线方向一致,呈岩基状产出,出露面积约为145 km2(图1b)。岩体受到强烈的剪切作用,与围岩秦岭群黑云斜长片麻岩呈明显的侵入接触关系(Qin et al., 2014)。前人研究认为,漂池岩体具有弱过铝质和富钠的特征,是杂砂质岩石在地壳深部低温条件下含水部分熔融的产物(Qin et al., 2014)。黑云母二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩构成岩体的主体,白云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩仅在岩体边缘局部出露(图2a、图2b),各岩性之间为渐变接触关系,无明显界线(图2a、图2b)。岩体中4种主要岩石类型中均发育有电气石,多分布于主体岩石黑云母二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩中,而边部二云母二长花岗岩和白云母二长花岗岩中电气石含量较低。考虑到不同类型花岗岩中电气石可能是岩浆期至热液期的产物,笔者从漂池岩体4种岩石类型中均采集了样品。
根据野外产状特征,可将含电气石样品分为:浸染状电气石(Tur-D;图2c)、石英–电气石结核(Tur-N;图2d)、电气石–石英脉(Tur-V;图2e)、沿片麻理定向分布的电气石(Tur-d;图2f)4种类型。
浸染状电气石发育于黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩中,呈半自形–自形粒状、柱状,粒径为0.1~1 mm,分布在石英、长石等造岩矿物之间(图2c),个别颗粒包裹石英、长石等矿物(图3a、图3b)。根据成分差异可将其进一步分为Tur-D1和Tur-D2电气石,部分Tur-D2电气石包裹或局部交代Tur-D1电气石形成核–边结构(图3a)。
石英–电气石结核主要分布于黑云母二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩中,呈直径1~10 cm的椭圆形(图2d),主要由电气石(45%~60%)、石英(30%~40%)、斜长石(5%~15%)和钾长石(5%~10%)组成,局部可见斜长石包裹于电气石中(图3d)。Tur-N电气石形态多样,粒径变化较大(0.1 mm~1.5 cm),根据成分差异可将其分为粒状Tur-N1和粒状、柱状、放射状Tur-N2电气石(图3c~图3f),其中含Tur-N2的石英–电气石结核在岩体中更为常见。在Tur-N2电气石中可见核–边结构(图3f),在单偏光镜下其核部为淡黄色,边部为黄–黄褐色,部分电气石出现核部黄色、边部浅青灰色的特征(图3e)。此外,石英–电气石结核外被一层宽约0.5~2 cm、由石英、斜长石和钾长石组成的浅色晕所包裹(图2d),并且在极少数Tur-N2电气石结核外可见电气石细脉与之相连(图2d)。
电气石–石英脉发育于黑云母二长花岗岩、白云母二长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及围岩接触带,脉宽为0.5~5 cm不等,延伸1~20 m不等,大多数脉体相互平行展布。电气石–石英脉主要矿物为电气石(60%~80%)、石英(20%~30%)和少量长石(5%~10%),其中电气石主要分布在脉体中部而石英则分布在边部(图2e),构成明显的“电气石核部–石英边部”的分带特征。电气石呈半自形–自形粒状、柱状和放射状,粒径为0.1~4 mm,发育有振荡环带和简单环带(图3g)。镜下显示Tur-V电气石振荡环带核部较为复杂,在局部包裹有细小石英颗粒,其颜色较浅且变化无明显规律,而环带边部缺少包裹矿物且颜色呈明–暗振荡变化(图3g)。
沿片麻理定向分布的电气石发育于弱片麻理化黑云母二长花岗岩中,以及二长花岗岩与围岩交界处,主要沿片麻理近直立状定向展布,与黑云母关系密切(图3h),形成与围岩近平行、宽2~3 m的电气石化带(电气石含量为5%~10%)(图2f)。电气石呈半自形–自形粒状或柱状,粒径为0.3~0.7 mm,振荡环带发育(图3h),局部可见不透明磁铁矿分布于电气石边部或裂隙中(图3l)。
电气石原位主量元素分析在中国科学院广州地球化学研究所深地过程与战略矿产资源全国重点实验室完成,所用仪器为日本电子JXA-8230型电子探针(EPMA)。工作条件为:加速电压15 kV,加速电流20 nA,束斑10 μm,分析Si、Al、Ti、V、Fe、Ca、Na、Mg、Mn、K及F等11种元素。K、Si、Fe、Mg、Ca和Al的特征峰及背景信号收集时间分别为20 s和10 s,Ti和Mn的特征峰及背景信号收集时间分别为40 s和20 s,Na、F和Cl的特征峰及背景信号收集时间分别为10s和5 s。对于氧化物含量大于1%的元素,测试精度(相对偏差RSD)优于3%,氧化物含量为0.1%~1%的元素,测试精度(相对偏差RSD)优于10%。
原位微量元素分析在长安大学西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室完成。所用仪器为Agilent 7700 ICP-MS及美国Photon Machines公司193 nm气态准分子激光剥蚀系统。测试过程中,激光束斑直径为 35 μm,样品表面的激光能量密度为~5.93 J/cm2,激光脉冲频率为5 Hz。采用NIST 610玻璃标样作为外标,NIST 612和BC28作为质量监控,利用中国地质调查局BIR-1G、BHVO-2G等多个玄武质玻璃标样。微量元素详细分析方法见栾燕等(2021)。利用软件ICPDatacal10.1(Liu et al., 2008)对分析数据进行离线处理。对于大多数微量元素,测试精度优于10%。
电气石中TiO2(0.19%~2.71%)、Al2O3(26.85%~34.00%)、FeOT(2.35%~14.77%)、MgO(1.66%~7.21%)含量变化较大,而SiO2(34.61%~37.22%)、MnO(<0.25%)、CaO(0.10%~1.17%)、Na2O(1.61%~2.48%)含量变化较小,K2O含量较低(<0.19%)(表1)。基于X位阳离子占位率的分类,漂池岩体中电气石属于碱基组电气石,分布在黑电气石端元和镁电气石端元之间(图4a)。在Ca-Fe-Mg三元图解中,Tur-N1电气石分布于与贫Li花岗岩及相关伟晶岩、细晶岩相关的区域,Tur-d及Tur-D2电气石分布于与贫Ca变质泥岩、变质砂岩和石英–电气石岩相关的区域,其它电气石则为二者之间的过渡类型(图4b)。
Tur-D1电气石Al和Tur-N1电气石Fe明显高于其它类型电气石(分别为6.14~6.70 apfu、1.78~2.02 apfu;图4c、图4d)。Tur-D2电气石中Ti变化较大(0.06~0.33 apfu),Tur-d电气石中Mg和Ca含量相对较高(图4e)。Tur-N2、Tur-V及Tur-d电气石环带结构发育。Tur-N2电气石从核部到边部Mg、Na、Ca、Ti含量升高,Al含量下降(图5a、图5b),部分Tur-N2电气石边部Fe、Al含量升高,Ca、Ti含量有所下降(图5c、图5d)。Tur-V电气石振荡环带从核部到边部Fe、Al含量下降,Mg、Ca、Ti含量升高(图5e、图5f),部分Tur-V电气石从核部到边部Mg、Fe含量变化明显(图5g、图5h)。
漂池岩体中电气石Al含量变化较大,Tur-D1电气石Al含量大于6 apfu(平均值为6.47 apfu),而Tur-D2、Tur-N1、Tur-N2、Tur-V和Tur-d电气石Al含量基本不超过6.10 apfu(平均值分别为6.09 apfu、6.07 apfu、5.85 apfu、5.86 apfu、5.73 apfu)。在Fe-Mg矢量替换图解中(图4c),Tur-N1、Tur-N2、Tur-V和大多数Tur-d电气石显示出与MgFe−1替换机制相对应的负相关特征,而Tur-D1、Tur-D2及少量Tur-d电气石Mg、Fe含量相关性则并不明显。在Na-Xvac和Al-Fe矢量替换图解中(图4d、图4f),Xvac与Na呈负相关性,Al和Fe相关性不明显,表明电气石YAl含量受控于(Na, Mg) (Xvac, Al)−1和(Mg, OH) (Al, O)−1替换机制。此外,电气石中Mg和Ca含量呈正相关性,指示(Ca, Mg2)(Xvac, Al2)−1替换机制影响所有类型电气石中的Ca含量(图4e)。
漂池岩体中电气石Li含量均小于250×10−6,表明其含锂端元可忽略不计。Zn(317×10−6~1461×10−6)和Ga(84.5×10−6~204×10−6)含量较高,Be(0.85×10−6~120×10−6)、Sc(7.61×10−6~117×10−6)、V(1.05×10−6~242×10−6)、Cr(<399×10-6)、Co(0.60×10−6~32.9×10−6)、Ni(0.29×10−6~70.5×10−6)、Sr(4.77×10−6~222×10−6)和Sn(6.83×10−6~452×10−6)含量变化较大,可达几个数量级,而Mo、Cs、Cd、Sb、Hf、Bi、Th、U和大部分REE含量很低(小于1×10−6),有的低于检出限(表1)。
Tur-N1电气石微量元素含量明显不同于其他类型电气石,具有低V、Sr,高Nb、Ta、Zn、Sn的特点,Tur-d电气石具有相对较高的V、Pb、Sr含量,而Tur-D电气石Nb、Ta、Sn含量相对较低,不同类型电气石Sc含量变化较小(图6)。与Tur-V电气石相比,Tur-N2电气石Zn、Sn含量略低并且V、Sn含量变化较大(图6a、图6d、图6h)。此外,部分类型电气石微量与主量元素具有相关性(图6)。Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石Nb含量与Mg/(Mg+Fe)值负相关(图6e),Tur-N2电气石Sn和Sc含量、Tur-V电气石Sc和V含量与Mg/(Mg+Fe)值正相关(图6a、图6b、图6d),Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石中Sr、Pb以及稀土元素(REE)均与Na/(Na+Ca)负相关(图6f、图6g、图6l)。
前人研究表明,岩浆成因电气石成分较均一,且以高Fe/Mg值和Y位具有高Al阳离子数为特征,而热液成因电气石通常存在分带性,且可见电气石交代穿插早期形成矿物,以富Mg且Y位低Al或无Al为特征,并趋向于黑–镁电气石中的镁电气石端元(London et al., 1996)。漂池岩体中浸染状Tur-D1与Tur-D2电气石分别为黑电气石和镁电气石(图4a),因此二者可能具有不同成因。Tur-D1电气石与石英、长石相互包裹(图3b),表明其可能与造岩矿物同期形成,并且其Mg/(Fe+Mg)值平均为0.4(<0.5),Y位上存在大量Al(0.09~0.70 apfu),与岩浆电气石特征一致(London et al., 1996;高永宝等,2025)。因此,Tur-D1可能结晶于花岗质熔体,为岩浆电气石。Tur-D2电气石Mg含量较高(图4e),Y位基本不含Al,而且与贫Ca变质泥岩和变质砂岩中形成的电气石具有相似的Ca、Mg和Fe组成(图4b),不同于岩浆电气石特征。因此,Tur-D2可能是在外部流体作用下结晶的热液电气石。此外,在Tur-D1电气石被Tur-D2电气石交代形成的核–边结构中,核部与边部界线不规则(图3a),指示Tur-D1电气石形成之后被富B流体溶蚀。
石英–电气石结核普遍存在于花岗岩体中,关于其成因主要有以下3种不同认识。①外来富B流体在岩浆期后通过微裂隙的渗入和扩散作用形成(Rozendaal et al., 1995);②晚期从共存花岗质岩浆中分离出的不混溶含水富B熔体或流体结晶形成(Drivenes et al., 2015);③岩浆演化晚期聚集的富B花岗质熔体直接结晶形成(Perugini et al., 2007)。漂池岩体中部分Tur-N电气石呈他形充填于石英、斜长石颗粒之间(图3e),并且存在被电气石包裹的斜长石(图3d),表明Tur-N电气石在结核中结晶较晚。此外,虽然Tur-N电气石Y位基本不含Al,不同于岩浆电气石特征,但却在Ca-Fe-Mg三元图解中表现出与贫Li花岗岩密切的相关性(图4b)。因此,石英–电气石结核可能并非直接结晶于富B熔体,而是形成于花岗岩结晶晚期分离出的不混溶含水富B热液,记录了从岩浆到热液过程的转变。
虽然Tur-N1和Tur-N2电气石均发育于石英–电气石结核,但含Tur-N1电气石的结核通常孤立分布在岩体中,未在露头或者薄片中发现明显裂隙与之相连,表明其基本未受外部流体影响。而在含Tur-N2电气石的结核外,可见电气石细脉与部分浅色晕相接(图2d),指示其形成于一个开放环境。相较于岩浆电气石Tur-D1,形成于晚期不混溶含水富B热液的Tur-N1电气石Mg含量有所下降(图4e),与大多数长英质熔体向Mg含量降低的方向演化趋势一致(Ji et al., 2023),而Tur-N2电气石Mg含量升高(图4e),具有从黑电气石向镁电气石过渡的趋势(图4a)。Tur-N2电气石在Ca-Fe-Mg三元图解中落入与贫锂花岗岩和贫钙变质泥岩、变质砂岩相关的范围内(图4b)。因此,Tur-N2电气石可能反映的不仅仅只是含水富B岩浆热液的持续演化,其中可能有来自于围岩的富Mg流体加入。
Tur-V具有与Tur-N2电气石相似的成分特征,以黑电气石为主(图4a),也在Ca-Fe-Mg三元图解中落入与贫锂花岗岩和贫钙变质泥岩、变质砂岩相关的区域内(图4b),但Tur-V电气石相较于其他类型电气石具有明显高的Mn含量(0.01~0.03 apfu)。随着岩浆演化,富B熔体中MnO含量的增加会导致Mn/Fe值的升高(Yu et al., 2024;王利波等,2025)。漂池岩体中从Tur-N1、Tur-N2到Tur-V电气石Mn/Fe比值逐渐增大(分别为0.0059、0.0091和0.0143)可能反映了其MnO含量的逐渐升高。因此,电气石–石英脉可能形成于Tur-N2电气石形成后含水富B岩浆热液的进一步分离和演化,其中也有部分来自于围岩的富Mg流体加入。
富B流体产生和迁移过程中可能与花岗岩体中已结晶的黑云母发生反应形成电气石和磁铁矿(成里宁等, 2019)。漂池岩体边部电气石化带中Tur-d电气石多沿片麻理分布,与黑云母关系密切并发育振荡环带(图3h),在部分电气石的边部及裂隙处可见磁铁矿(图3i),结晶明显晚于造岩矿物,表明漂池岩体固结后可能存在富B流体与黑云母反应。此外,富B流体与岩体内部黑云母及局部围岩发生强烈水岩反应会形成电气石化带、网脉和蚀变晕,假象仍保留原黑云母片理,并切割早期岩浆构造和岩浆–热液电气石(Bosi et al., 2019)。因此,漂池岩体边部电气石化带中沿片麻理分布的Tur-d可能是后期热液交代成因电气石。
电气石微量元素含量能够记录其结晶体系流体或熔体成分特征,并用来反映花岗岩熔/流体的演化过程(van Hinsberg, 2011b)。Tur-D1与Tur-N1电气石之间的成分变化能够反映漂池岩体冷凝晚期岩浆–热液的演化过程,其元素含量变化未受外部流体影响(图7a、图7b),主要受控于元素在流体/熔体中的相容性、迁移性或其它矿物的结晶。相对封闭岩浆系统中,V常被用来指示电气石形成的早晚(Yang et al., 2015),在岩浆结晶过程中优先进入钛铁矿、黑云母和电气石等矿物中,从而使岩浆中V含量降低(van Hinsberg, 2011b)。因此,岩浆阶段结晶的电气石V含量最高,而进入岩浆–热液过渡阶段后,V、Ti等元素含量均明显降低,热液成因电气石V含量通常很低(Duchoslav et al., 2017)。漂池岩体Tur-N1电气石V含量(2.35×10−6~5.82×10−6)远低于Tur-D1电气石(V值为70.4×10−6~166×10−6;图6a),表明Tur-D1电气石结晶早于Tur-N1电气石(图7a、图7b)。此外,Tur-N1电气石具有高Zn含量(图6h),而相对于硅酸盐熔体,Zn更易进入含水流体(Zhao et al., 2021),因此形成于晚期不混溶含水富B岩浆热液的Tur-N1电气石可能代表了岩浆–热液演化过程中的首次热液分离(图7b)。
Tur-N2相较于Tur-N1电气石有明显环带结构(图3f、图5a),从核部到边部Al、Mg、Na、Ti、Ca含量明显变化(图5b)。Na从核部到边部的富集可能反映了岩浆–热液的进一步演化(图5b),即相对于共存熔体,Na更易进入岩浆热液中(Badanina et al., 2004)。Liu et al.(2023)认为结晶于岩浆热液且没有围岩物质加入的电气石会具有富铁贫钙特征,而且电气石Mg、Ca含量能够用来指示花岗伟晶岩熔体受改造的程度(Bai et al., 2023)。因此,Tur-N2电气石Ca、Mg含量在幔部的突然升高(图5b)可能反映了围岩(变沉积岩)物质的加入,而Tur-N2电气石代表了外部流体参与下岩浆热液的再次分离(图7c)。在部分Tur-N2电气石中发育有高Fe而低Ca、Mg的边部(图5c、图5d),具有岩浆热液电气石特征,并且边部与核部接触界线不平直(图3e),表明Tur-N2电气石形成后可能存在岩浆热液对其交代。因此,漂池岩体可能存在3次不混溶含水富B热液的分离,而Tur-N2电气石边部的高Fe含量可能暗示了Tur-V电气石形成时第三次岩浆热液分离的发生(图7d)。
漂池岩体电气石–石英脉宽度变化较大,并在中–细脉电气石中出现振荡环带(图3g、图5e)。关于热液电气石振荡环带的成因,主要有以下3种认识。①由于流体性质(压力、温度等)发生变化而导致结晶条件发生周期性变化;②晶体生长速率的变化;③流体–岩石的相互作用或外部流体的注入(Bosi et al., 2018)。在温度下降时,电气石会向镁电气石端元演化,其快速生长可能表现出均匀的振荡环带(Bosi et al., 2018)。漂池岩体中Tur-V电气石振荡环带边界规则,但并非所有Tur-V电气石从核部到边部的成分变化均表现出Mg/(Fe+Mg)值连续升高向镁电气石端元演化的特征(图5f、图5h),指示可能存在两种流体来源。一种为富Fe岩浆热液,另一种为富Mg、Ca的围岩流体,反映了Tur-V电气石振荡环带可能是受外部流体注入和晶体快速生长的控制。
此外,漂池岩体中电气石成分对其结晶时的流体/熔体环境具有指示意义。漂池岩体中Tur-D1、Tur-N和Tur-V电气石主量元素之间存在多种替换机制(图4c~图4f),但无Fe3+Al−1替换机制(图4c、图4d),指示流体(或熔体)中较低的Fe3+/Fe2+值,表明其形成于相对还原的环境。此外,电气石X位成分能反映共存流体成分特征,Tur-N和Tur-V电气石表现出 (Na, Mg) (Xvac, Al)−1和 (Mg, OH) (Al, O)−1替换机制以及Na在X位占位率逐渐升高的特征(图4d、图4f),也表明与Tur-N和Tur-V电气石共存的岩浆热液Na含量较高,具有相对高的盐度(Harlaux et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2024)。因此,漂池岩体演化晚期整体处于较还原的环境并且其分离出的不混溶含水富B热液具有中高盐度的特征。
电气石中Li、Nb和Ta含量主要受熔体(或流体)成分的控制,因此不但可以用来查明熔/流体的成分变化(Zhao et al., 2019),还可用来揭示稀有金属富集过程并评价其成矿潜力(Liu et al., 2023)。漂池岩体中各类电气石Li含量相似(图8a),表明Li在岩浆–热液阶段的富集并不明显,可能不具备形成Li矿的条件。然而,Tur-N1电气石Ta,Sn和Nb含量较高(图6c、图6d、图6e),暗示其在流体演化过程中发生过富集。通过与东秦岭无矿化伟晶岩(双峰村、碾盘、风原)、弱铌钽铁矿化伟晶岩(丰庄)、铍矿化伟晶岩(街子沟)和锂矿化伟晶岩(蔡家沟)中电气石进行成分对比(图8),发现漂池岩体中Tur-N1电气石表现出与弱铌钽铁矿化伟晶岩中电气石相似的V、Zn特征,并且Tur-N1电气石Nb含量(平均为3.46×10−6)明显高于东秦岭弱铌钽铁矿化伟晶岩中电气石中相应值(平均为0.46×10−6;凤永刚等, 2022),表明与Tur-N1电气石共存的含水富B岩浆热液可能与Nb-Ta矿化有关。
然而,前人并未报道与漂池岩体有关的Nb-Ta矿化,可能是在岩体演化过程中物理化学条件的变化限制了Nb-Ta进一步富集。岩浆–热液矿床原生流体具有相对较低的氧逸度,并在相对还原的环境中完成对成矿元素的富集,而电气石生长过程中从MgFe−1到Fe3+Al−1替换机制的转变能够反映共存流体从还原环境到氧化环境的转变,氧逸度的升高有利于降低金属溶解度,从而促进金属析出成矿(Qiu et al., 2021),但漂池岩体电气石中无Fe3+Al−1替换机制。因此,在Tur-N和Tur-V电气石所代表的岩浆热液阶段(图7b、图7c、图7d),漂池岩体较为还原的环境可能并不支持大量含Nb-Ta络合物的最终矿化。
此外,助溶剂元素(如B、F、P)可以降低花岗质熔体粘度和固化温度,增加稀有元素溶解度(Xie et al., 2020)。Bai et al.(2023)认为相对封闭的花岗质熔体体系对稀有元素的超富集成矿极为有利,其能够阻止溶剂组分及稀有金属元素的迁出,进而影响成矿。漂池岩体中电气石多集中在边部且大多数为Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石,而Tur-N1电气石在整个岩体中的占比极低,表明其结晶所处的演化阶段在整个岩浆–热液演化过程中时间短、规模小,而Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石被认为不同程度地受到围岩流体的影响。因此,岩体与围岩的相互作用可能阻碍了漂池岩体在岩浆–热液阶段的Nb-Ta矿化。围岩流体进入岩体的同时也为岩浆热液排出提供了通道,岩体中助溶剂元素在向围岩流失、以及电气石等新矿物结晶过程中减少,进一步降低了Nb-Ta等元素的溶解度,阻碍了其在岩浆–热液过程中继续富集,从而影响了稀有金属矿化。
(1)漂池花岗岩体中发育浸染状电气石(Tur-D)、石英–电气石结核(Tur-N)、电气石–石英脉(Tur-V)和沿片麻理分布的电气石(Tur-d)4类电气石。根据形态和成分,Tur-D和Tur-N电气石可进一步划分为Tur-D1、Tur-D2和Tur-N1、Tur-N2。
(2)Tur-D1为岩浆电气石,结晶于花岗质熔体中,而Tur-D2是外部流体作用下结晶的热液电气石。Tur-N1、Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石形成于岩浆结晶晚期分离出的不混溶含水富B热液,且Tur-N2和Tur-V电气石均受到不同程度的围岩富Mg流体影响。Tur-d为岩体冷凝后热液交代成因电气石。
(3)岩体在热液阶段曾存在过短暂的Nb-Ta富集过程,但由于较还原的环境及与围岩较强烈的相互作用,阻碍了Nb和Ta进一步富集成矿。因此,花岗质熔体在演化晚期岩浆–热液阶段能否形成稀有金属矿床仍受控于流体的氧化还原状态及与围岩的相互作用。

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2026年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025147
  • 接收时间:2025-10-13
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13
  • 修回日期:2025-12-15
  • 录用日期:2025-12-19
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作者信息
    1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054

通讯作者:

王梦玺(1986–),男,教授,博士,主要研究方向为岩浆作用与成矿研究。E–mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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