Article(id=1307047779323367771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025091, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711468800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-27, revisedDate=1743091200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-28, acceptedDate=1747843200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-22, onlineDate=1789554074363, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789554074363, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789554074363, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789554074363, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307047751552885541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789554067743, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616259011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=146, endPage=155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307047779533082972, articleId=1307047779323367771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Structural Characteristics and Quartz Fabric Analysis of Sanjiaodingbei Ore-Bearing Fault in Saishiteng Area, Qinghai Province, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The northern Qaidam metallogenic belt is one of the most important gold and polymetallic metallogenic belts in Qinghai Province. The gold mineralization of the Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit, Qinglonggou gold deposit and Jinlonggou gold deposit, which have been discovered so far, is mainly produced in the ductile/brittle fault zone in the western Saishiteng area. In recent years, a new Sanjiaodingbei gold deposit has been discovered in the west part of Saishiteng tectonic belt. The detailed anatomical fracture characteristics and their relationship with gold enrichment are of great significance for prospecting and deployment in Saishiteng area. Based on the detailed field investigation, structural analysis and microscopic characteristics of the Sanjiaodingbei fault zone, it is concluded that the ore-bearing fault zone has ductile deformation in the early stage and brittle deformation in the later stage. Among them, mylonitization and curved neck developed in the fault zone indicate that the early left-lateral ductile shear deformation was the main deformation. Later, brittle deformation was superimposed and fault cataclastic rocks developed, showing the characteristics of thrust faults.By means of quartz fabric analysis (EBSD) in mylonite belt, the results show that the preferred orientation of quartz C-axis lattice is dominated by bottom <a> slip, the formation temperature is medium and low temperature, and the extremely dense characteristics indicate that the deformation pattern is left-lateral shear. According to the comprehensive regional data, the mylonitization in the early stage and the superimposed brittle fracture in the late stage are the key factors of gold enrichment and mineralization, which can be used as a marker for further gold prospecting.

, authors=Jizu KANG, Changyun LIU*, Xinli ZHANG, Lexun ZHOU, authorsList=Jizu KANG, Changyun LIU, Xinli ZHANG, Lexun ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Changyun LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307047781093364077, articleId=1307047779323367771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=青海赛什腾地区三角顶北金矿断裂构造特征及石英组构分析, columnId=1307047752601461543, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

柴北缘成矿带是青海省重要的金及多金属成矿带之一。目前,已发现的锡铁山铅锌矿、青龙沟金矿、金龙沟金矿等大型矿床的金矿(化)主要产出在西侧赛什腾地区韧/脆性断裂带中。近年来,在赛什腾西段构造带中新发现了三角顶北金矿床。详细解剖断裂特征及其与金矿富集的相互关系对于在赛什腾地区找矿勘查部署具有重要意义。笔者对三角顶北含矿断裂带通过详细的野外调查、构造解析,结合镜下微观特征,认为其含矿断裂带具有早期为韧性变形、后期为脆性变形的构造变形特征。其中,断裂带中发育的糜棱岩化、曲颈状等特征指示早期以左行韧性剪切变形为主;后期叠加了脆性变形,发育断层碎裂岩,显示逆冲断层特征。通过糜棱岩带中石英组构分析(EBSD),结果表明石英C轴晶格优选方位以底面<a>滑移为主,形成温度为中低温条件,并且极密特征指示变形样式为左行剪切特征。综合区域资料认为,研究区早期的糜棱岩化和后期叠加的脆性断裂是金富集成矿的关键因素,可以作为进一步金矿的找矿标志。

, authors=康继祖, 刘长云*, 张鑫利, 周乐勋, authorsList=康继祖, 刘长云, 张鑫利, 周乐勋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘长云, authorNote=

康继祖(1984−),男,正高级工程师,从事金矿找矿及研究工作。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘长云(1986−),男,工程师,长期从事矿床学研究工作。E−mail:。
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康继祖(1984−),男,正高级工程师,从事金矿找矿及研究工作。E−mail:

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康继祖(1984−),男,正高级工程师,从事金矿找矿及研究工作。E−mail:

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1.晚更新世山前冲洪积砂砾石层;2.滩间山群下火山岩组;3.晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩;4.晚奥陶世二长花岗岩;5.晚奥陶世石英闪长岩;6.晚奥陶世辉长岩;7.早奥陶世花岗闪长岩;8.早奥陶世二长花岗岩;9.二长花岗岩脉;10.花岗闪长岩脉;11.辉长岩脉;12.辉绿岩脉;13.性质不明断层;14.逆断层;15.韧性变形带及编号;16.EBSD采样位置;17.槽探工程;18.勘探线位置及编号;19.见矿钻孔位置;20.未见矿钻孔位置;21.金矿体位置及编号;22.金矿化体位置

, figureFileSmall=MpYDnoFNmiuFonUZ+EcvtA==, figureFileBig=hi/AdapVVx8hf710YNdAQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047785220559253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Characteristics of brittle deformation in SB4 fault zone, figureFileSmall=xIDKDB8cJuCIHOM2WOlZLw==, figureFileBig=6mRhj4J/dbUaPJX+wEWFxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047785312833942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SB4断裂构造带脆性变形特征

a.构造破碎带底板与围岩接触带;b.脆性断层中发育的“岩块碎斑”,旋转方向指示运动方向;c.碎裂岩化花岗闪长岩镜下特征,石英呈碎裂状

, figureFileSmall=xIDKDB8cJuCIHOM2WOlZLw==, figureFileBig=6mRhj4J/dbUaPJX+wEWFxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047785379942807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Features of ductile deformation in the SB4 fracture zone, figureFileSmall=2S1+mXdnJJ2hZoaGGqaO2Q==, figureFileBig=MIBQrmavp6v5jHFz55Zymg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047785447051672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SB4断裂构造带韧性变形特征

a.SB4断裂构造带宏观特征,黄色箭头指示S面理走向;b.曲颈状构造,反映了左行特征;c.被错断的石英细脉,指示左行特征;d.花岗闪长质糜棱岩镜下特征

, figureFileSmall=2S1+mXdnJJ2hZoaGGqaO2Q==, figureFileBig=MIBQrmavp6v5jHFz55Zymg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047785577075097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Microscopic feature (CPL), figureFileSmall=SuywaImF1M38wJrKqkUbQA==, figureFileBig=8zivSfOGLQozvFTKPHUaKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047785681932698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=CN, label=图6, caption=显微特征(正交偏光)

a、b. SJD-B2和SJD-B3显示的核幔构造,膨凸重结晶,波状消光;b、d. SJD-B2和SJD-B3显示的云母集合体不对称组构

, figureFileSmall=SuywaImF1M38wJrKqkUbQA==, figureFileBig=8zivSfOGLQozvFTKPHUaKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047787334488475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Stereographic projections of EBSD-measured CPO of quartz mineral (wulff net, Lower-hemisphere projection), figureFileSmall=qxH8HuPeKcu/MBSbSF8ZnQ==, figureFileBig=ELzfASK1X72Dw4AGPSJ//Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047787430957468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047779323367771, language=CN, label=图7, caption=石英矿物优选组构极射赤平投影图(吴氏网,下半球投影)

<0001>. 石英C轴;<11-20>. 石英a轴;{10-10}. 石英柱面 m;{10-11}. 石英棱面 r;X0 代表定向样品面理方向;Z 代表定向样品石英C轴方向;a. 样品SJD-B2;b. 样品SJD-B3

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青海赛什腾地区三角顶北金矿断裂构造特征及石英组构分析
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康继祖 , 刘长云 * , 张鑫利 , 周乐勋
西北地质 | 西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026,59(1): 146-155
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西北地质 |西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026 , 59 (1) : 146 -155
青海赛什腾地区三角顶北金矿断裂构造特征及石英组构分析
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康继祖 , 刘长云* , 张鑫利, 周乐勋
作者信息
  • 青海省地质调查院,青藏高原北部地质过程与矿产重点实验室,青海 西宁 810012
通讯作者:
刘长云(1986−),男,工程师,长期从事矿床学研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

康继祖(1984−),男,正高级工程师,从事金矿找矿及研究工作。E−mail:

Structural Characteristics and Quartz Fabric Analysis of Sanjiaodingbei Ore-Bearing Fault in Saishiteng Area, Qinghai Province
Jizu KANG , Changyun LIU* , Xinli ZHANG, Lexun ZHOU
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of the Northern Qinghai Tibet Plateau Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,Qinghai Geological Survey Institute, Xining 810012, Qinghai, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025091
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柴北缘成矿带是青海省重要的金及多金属成矿带之一。目前,已发现的锡铁山铅锌矿、青龙沟金矿、金龙沟金矿等大型矿床的金矿(化)主要产出在西侧赛什腾地区韧/脆性断裂带中。近年来,在赛什腾西段构造带中新发现了三角顶北金矿床。详细解剖断裂特征及其与金矿富集的相互关系对于在赛什腾地区找矿勘查部署具有重要意义。笔者对三角顶北含矿断裂带通过详细的野外调查、构造解析,结合镜下微观特征,认为其含矿断裂带具有早期为韧性变形、后期为脆性变形的构造变形特征。其中,断裂带中发育的糜棱岩化、曲颈状等特征指示早期以左行韧性剪切变形为主;后期叠加了脆性变形,发育断层碎裂岩,显示逆冲断层特征。通过糜棱岩带中石英组构分析(EBSD),结果表明石英C轴晶格优选方位以底面<a>滑移为主,形成温度为中低温条件,并且极密特征指示变形样式为左行剪切特征。综合区域资料认为,研究区早期的糜棱岩化和后期叠加的脆性断裂是金富集成矿的关键因素,可以作为进一步金矿的找矿标志。

三角顶北  /  赛什腾  /  金矿  /  断裂构造  /  石英组构-EBSD

The northern Qaidam metallogenic belt is one of the most important gold and polymetallic metallogenic belts in Qinghai Province. The gold mineralization of the Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit, Qinglonggou gold deposit and Jinlonggou gold deposit, which have been discovered so far, is mainly produced in the ductile/brittle fault zone in the western Saishiteng area. In recent years, a new Sanjiaodingbei gold deposit has been discovered in the west part of Saishiteng tectonic belt. The detailed anatomical fracture characteristics and their relationship with gold enrichment are of great significance for prospecting and deployment in Saishiteng area. Based on the detailed field investigation, structural analysis and microscopic characteristics of the Sanjiaodingbei fault zone, it is concluded that the ore-bearing fault zone has ductile deformation in the early stage and brittle deformation in the later stage. Among them, mylonitization and curved neck developed in the fault zone indicate that the early left-lateral ductile shear deformation was the main deformation. Later, brittle deformation was superimposed and fault cataclastic rocks developed, showing the characteristics of thrust faults.By means of quartz fabric analysis (EBSD) in mylonite belt, the results show that the preferred orientation of quartz C-axis lattice is dominated by bottom <a> slip, the formation temperature is medium and low temperature, and the extremely dense characteristics indicate that the deformation pattern is left-lateral shear. According to the comprehensive regional data, the mylonitization in the early stage and the superimposed brittle fracture in the late stage are the key factors of gold enrichment and mineralization, which can be used as a marker for further gold prospecting.

Sanjiaodingbei  /  Saishiteng  /  gold mine  /  fault structure  /  quartz fabric -EBSD
康继祖, 刘长云, 张鑫利, 周乐勋. 青海赛什腾地区三角顶北金矿断裂构造特征及石英组构分析. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (1) : 146 -155 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025091
Jizu KANG, Changyun LIU, Xinli ZHANG, Lexun ZHOU. Structural Characteristics and Quartz Fabric Analysis of Sanjiaodingbei Ore-Bearing Fault in Saishiteng Area, Qinghai Province[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (1) : 146 -155 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025091
柴达木盆地北缘(以下简称“柴北缘”)金成矿带位于青藏高原东北缘,是中国西部主要造山型金矿富集区之一,该成矿带内已发现金矿床(点)累计37处,主要分布于柴北缘赛什腾山东段滩间山一带(保广普等,2021;王进寿等,2022)。其中,由青龙沟、金龙沟大型金矿、细晶沟中型金矿床组成的滩间山金矿田达超大型规模(图1;杜生鹏等,2017)。
前人对柴北缘地区金龙沟、青龙沟、细晶沟、野骆驼泉等金矿床的成矿环境、成矿流体、成矿物质来源及成因等开展了大量研究,但在成矿环境方面仍存在加里东期晚造山(张德全等,2001;李治华等,2021)、华力西期碰撞–伸展转换两种认识(李世金等,2011;魏占浩等,2015;杨佰慧等,2019;李治华等,2020)。在成矿流体方面,一些学者认为金龙沟金矿成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,有部分变质水、大气降水参与(戴荔果等,2019;崔艳合等,2000)。于凤池等(1998)认为金龙沟金矿床成矿流体主要有来自容矿地层的富 Na 变质流体和与华力西晚期侵入岩浆活动有关的富 K 流体。国家辉等(1998)认为滩间山金矿田存在3期成矿热液,即沉积变质期源于原生建造的卤水、变形变质期的变质水及岩浆热液期的岩浆热液。在成矿物质来源方面,杨佰慧等(2019)认为金龙沟成矿物质主要来自深源的岩浆,仅有少部分来自地层;于凤池等(1998)认为金龙沟成矿物质主要来自含金碳质岩石和华力西晚期侵入岩。在矿床成因方面,则存在浅成中低温热液矿床(崔艳合等,2000;魏占浩等,2015;杨佰慧等,2019)和岩浆热液成矿叠加改造型两种认识(于凤池等,1998;呼格吉勒等,2018)。综合分析表明,柴北缘金矿(化)体主要赋存于上元古界万洞沟群千枚岩、大理岩,以及早古生代滩间山群变火山岩等不同时代的围岩中,并且矿(化)体均分布于断裂带中,表现出受区域性断裂构造影响的特征(张德全等,2005;林文山等,2006;张德全等,2007;崔林,2011;杨佰慧等,2019;李世勇等,2022)。因此,含矿断裂带构造变形及其与金富集关系的研究,将有助于柴北缘地区金成矿规律总结和靶区找矿预测。
柴北缘西侧的赛什腾地区新发现三角顶北金矿。金矿(化)体主要赋存于NW向脆性断裂带中。笔者通过对三角顶北金矿床含矿断裂带进行了详细野外调查,并分析了构造变形带内含矿围岩的石英组构特征,初步揭示了三角顶北地区主要含矿构造样式、变形特征、矿化富集规律,探讨了三角顶北金矿床构造变形及构造控矿机制,建立了找矿标志,以期为赛什腾地区金找矿勘查部署提供重要地质资料。
柴北缘构造带位于青藏高原北缘,夹持于柴达木地块与欧龙布鲁克地块,是两者碰撞的产物(图1)。欧龙布鲁克地块主要发育古元古界深变质片麻岩、大理岩组合(德令哈杂岩)和中–深变质的斜长角闪岩、变粒岩、二云母石英片岩、石英岩、大理岩及少量麻粒岩等(达肯大坂岩群),共同构成了早元古代变质基底,中元古界碎屑岩和镁质碳酸盐岩夹基性火山岩(全吉群)、寒武系白云质碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩(欧龙布鲁克群)等沉积盖层上覆于变质基底之上(付长垒等,2021;Fu et al.,2022);柴达木地块主要由巨厚层状的河湖相碎屑岩沉积和磨拉石沉积组成的新生代断陷盆地(杜生鹏等,2014);柴北缘构造带主要发育古元古界达肯达坂岩群、中元古界万洞沟群碎屑岩及其上覆碳酸盐岩为主的海相沉积组合、奥陶系滩间山群变碎屑岩–中基性火山岩为主的陆相沉积组合,以奥陶纪、晚泥盆世为主的各类中酸性侵入岩也有分布。
赛什腾地区位于柴北缘构造带西段(图1),其地层走向与构造线方向一致,多呈NW向展布(图2a),主要出露地层为中元古界万洞沟群和寒武系滩间山群。早古生代与大洋俯冲相关的钙碱性中酸性侵入岩沿赛什腾山两侧广泛分布(吴才来等,2008),滩间山金矿田出露的晚泥盆世石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为356 Ma,形成于碰撞后伸展环境(张延军等,2016),与金矿成矿关系密切。万洞沟群为区内出露最老地层,呈NW向分布于金龙沟–青龙沟一带,以碳质千枚岩、片岩、大理岩、白云岩、石英岩、结晶灰岩为主的中–浅变质岩系,与上覆滩间山群呈断层接触;寒武系滩间山群呈NW向在野骆驼泉、三角顶、胜利沟一带广泛分布,岩性为灰色千枚岩、绢云石英片岩、变质砂岩和少量含锰硅质岩(碎屑岩组)和灰绿色蚀变玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、凝灰岩、火山角砾岩夹大理岩、硅质岩等。
受区域赛什腾–旺尕秀断裂(图2b)的影响,区内断裂呈NW向近平行发育。赛什腾–旺尕秀断裂NW段被柴北缘–夏日哈断裂截切,长度约为141 km,走向为NW–SE向,倾向NE。达肯大坂岩群、万洞沟群、滩涧山群普遍遭受了韧性剪切作用。滩涧山金矿床、青龙沟金矿床、野骆驼泉金矿床等均赋存于韧性剪切带中,其形成与韧性剪切带有着密切的成因联系。
柴北缘西段是金矿的主要发育区,在南侧万洞沟群中已发现青龙沟、金龙沟、细晶沟等金矿床,金矿主要赋存于碳质千枚岩及其与大理岩的接触带中;在中部及西侧滩间山群中已发现胜利沟、野骆驼泉等金矿床,金矿主要赋存于变火山岩、细粒闪长岩(胜利沟)、千枚岩(野骆驼泉)。近年来,青海省地质调查院在赛什腾地区新发现三角顶北金矿,该矿床主要赋存在滩间山群中。
三角顶北金矿位于赛什腾山西端,赛什腾–旺尕秀断裂(图2b)北侧,区内断裂构造主体呈NW–SE向展布,局部见近EW向次级断裂发育。矿区圈定含金断裂带5条,分别为SB2、SB4、SB5、SB6、SB7(图3),断层带岩石呈现糜棱岩化特征。带内岩性主要为早奥陶世花岗闪长岩(485±3) Ma,局部夹有少量变辉绿岩(473 Ma)透镜(王秉璋等,2022)。
本次对SB4含矿断裂带进行了重点调查:SB4含矿断裂带是SB2的次生构造,野外宏观上呈黄褐色条带状,带长约为1.5 km,宽为15~45 m不等,断裂带整体走向约为320°,倾向SE,倾角为56°~70°(图4a)。靠近断裂带一侧断层泥、断层角砾发育,角砾大小为1~10 cm,岩石具有强高岭土化、褐铁矿化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化、绢云母化等;断裂带上盘与围岩界限呈渐变接触,从断裂带外侧向断裂带方向岩石破碎程度、矿化蚀变等特征明显加强。
金矿体主要位于断裂带北侧,即断裂带下盘附近。主矿体由两条分支矿体组成,矿体长为240~400 m,宽为1.09~11.48 m,Au最高品位为28.5 g/t,平均品位为2.5~3.43 g/t。经深部验证,主矿体在0线、8线向深部延伸稳定。金矿化在走向上,自0勘探线向东西两侧均具有减弱趋势,从地表向深部金矿化的厚度和品位亦呈减弱趋势。矿化主要以黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化为主。该蚀变带中黄铁矿化类型相对较为单一,主要为细粒、脉状分布,少数地段可见到团块状分布。
本区主要含矿构造明显存在早期韧性变形而晚期为脆性变形的特征。早期韧性变形在野外显示广泛的糜棱岩化和变形构造。从构造带中心到两侧围岩,表现出糜棱岩–初糜棱岩–糜棱岩化,局部发育矿物拉伸线理的变化特征。晚期脆性变形往往在早期韧性强变形地段叠加,宏观上表现出强褐铁矿化(地表呈黄褐色),断层泥及角砾状充填物、碎裂岩等清晰可见。
(1)糜棱岩:沿断裂带广泛分布,走向NW–SE,倾向SW。以0~8线为中心,向南北两侧均有明显减弱趋势,变形程度不一(图5a)。岩石具有糜棱结构,块状构造。糜棱岩中石英颗粒呈线状定向分布,拉伸线理发育,走向为±300°。云母、蚀变的绿泥石、绿帘石等矿物构成了密集的片理,产状为300°∠65°~70°。与其近似平行的SB5、SB7、SB8等断裂带同样具有糜棱岩化,但程度明显变弱。
(2)增强的面理构造:糜棱岩与围岩没有明显的接触界面,呈过渡接触关系(图5a)。从糜棱岩带外到糜棱岩带中心,构造面理明显增强,带内糜棱岩宏观面理走向与构造带基本一致(300°~320°),倾角较陡(55°~70°)。
(3)曲颈状构造:在三角顶北金矿区花岗闪长岩中可见少量暗色捕掳体,不规则椭圆状,大小为3~10 cm,甚者长轴方向可达30~40 cm。这些捕掳体受后期垂向剪切应力牵引,形成了典型的曲颈状构造,拖尾方向指示剪切方向,指示左行特征(图5b)。
(4)被错断的石英脉:在糜棱岩带中发育早期横切剪切面理的石英脉,地表可见烟灰色,脉宽约为4 mm,走向为80°~260°,S面理产状为210°∠67°,与S面理呈40°锐夹角。经后期剪切应力牵引,中部明显被错断,指示左行剪切特征(图5c)。
(5)显微构造特征:镜下鉴定结果显示断层带及围岩岩石呈初糜棱结构。岩石由碎斑和基质两部分组成。碎斑呈大小不一的眼球状、透镜状,平均粒径为0.8~3.5 mm,碎斑为绢英岩岩屑,为早期热液蚀变形成,有少量碳酸盐矿物与原岩残留的白云母。基质由同碎斑成分的碎粒物与后期次生矿物绿泥石、绿帘石及不透明矿物等组成。碎粒物集合体围绕碎斑及裂纹呈塑形定向分布,绿泥石呈鳞片状集合体依长轴与碎粒物相间定向分布,使流动构造愈加明显,显示了本区经历了强烈的韧性剪切变形(图5d)。在样品局部发育典型云母鱼构造,拖尾方向指示左行剪切特征(图6b、图6d)。
脆性构造宏观特征主要表现在明显的滑动面和构造破碎带。在构造破碎带的顶底板均发现了较为明显的脆性构造滑动面(图4a),滑动面见有明显的断层角砾、断层泥,角砾大小为1~5 cm,多呈次棱角状。破碎带地表可见,长为800 m,宽为10~20 m,向南渐变过渡直至消失,没有明显的封闭界线。顶底板与围岩变形具有明显的强弱区分,在构造蚀变带内,变形明显较强,多呈碎裂状、片状,顶底板变形明显较弱,岩石相对较为完整。
在整个构造破碎带中,由于岩石局部能干性差异,往往会形成一些岩块,这些岩块的旋转方向可用来判断上下盘移动方向。在SB4破碎带中,偶见少量强硅化的岩块,原岩岩性与围岩一致(糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩),受后期硅质热液交代,岩石能干性强,在脆性断裂上下盘错动过程中,受剪应力牵引形成旋转,综合判定为逆断层(图4b)。目前发现的金矿化主要富集在逆断层底板附近,推测得益于早期韧性剪切作用的矿质活化和后期脆性断裂的叠加、再富集作用。带内岩石碎裂化结构、变余花岗结构共存,证明岩石经历了较强的脆性变形和变质变形作用。在岩石中石英具有明显的碎裂岩化,碎粒物就近充填分布,波状消光明显(图4c)。
采集SB4含矿断裂带2件定向样品(SJD-B2,SJD-B3)开展了石英组构分析(图3)。其中,SJD-B2野外露头(E 94°12′13″,N 38°35′01″)为糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩,变形面理(S)产状为232°∠55°,拉伸线理走向为320°。SJD-B3(E 94°12′03″,N 38°35′00″)为糜棱岩化二长花岗岩,变形面理产状为205°∠60°,拉伸线理走向为292°。
前期的样品处理在北京前寒武科技有限公司完成,样品平行于矿物拉伸线理、垂直于面理切制。将定向样机械振动抛光,使得样品表面足够平整,达到电子背散射衍射(EBSD)测试要求。石英组构测试在自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室完成,利用安装在Zeiss Evo 18扫描电子显微镜上的EBSD探头获取样品石英颗粒空间取向信息。分析过程中定向样品倾斜为70°,仪器工作电压为15 Kv,工作距离为12~15 mm;根据石英颗粒大小,设置扫描步长范围为10~18 μm。石英颗粒的电子背散射衍射花样通过Aztec软件识别,样品极图一个点代表一个颗粒(刘俊来等,2008)。
SJD-B2样品显示,重结晶小颗粒围绕在残余的大石英颗粒周围,形成母颗粒被重结晶小颗粒包围的核幔构造,残余石英颗粒具有明显波状消光特征,石英变形机制以膨凸重结晶为主,指示样品经历了中–低温(300~400 ℃)(孙丽静等,2019),韧性变形。石英残斑和绢云母集合体不对称组构指示左行特征(图6b)。SJD-B2样品石英C轴、a轴及m、r面均具有非常明显的优选方位(图7a),以单一环带为主。<0001>石英C轴最大极密靠近Z轴方向,显示C轴晶格优选方位(CPO)演化为典型的底面<a>滑移,根据极密和Z轴的关系,判断为左行构造,形成温度为300~400 ℃(孙丽静等,2019),与显微构造结论一致。最大极密达36.53%,说明岩石经历了极强的变形作用,石英组构特征显示了多阶段构造变形叠加改造的特征(刘俊来等,2008)。
SJD-B3样品与SJD-B2较为相似,石英发育波状消光,核幔构造发育,膨凸重结晶和变形纹,指示低温变形。石英残斑和绢云母集合体不对称组构指示左行特征(图6d)。SJD-B3样品极图以单一环带为主,<0001>石英C轴最大极密靠近赤平投影中心Z轴方向,CPO演化为柱面<a>滑移(图7b)。此外,还发育一个介于Z和Y轴之间的极密,指示存在棱面<a>滑移,形成温度为中低温(400~500 ℃),最大极密达21.84%,岩石仍然经历了极强的变形作用,该石英极图未能给出明显的剪切指向。
志留世—早泥盆世晚期,欧龙布鲁克陆块向柴达木陆块斜向左行逆冲,形成了长达百余千米的NNW向斜冲型韧性剪切带(吴锁平等,2008)。三角顶北大面积的糜棱岩化也是区域构造的响应,其左行剪切特征与区域构造样式一致。
胶东地区“玲珑式”成矿特征显示,构造对金矿的富集具有明显的叠加作用(李世勇等,2022;初晶晶等,2023;杨林等,2023;韦星等,2025;吴明刚等,2025)。三角顶北矿区金矿化明显富集于破碎带靠近底板一侧,离断层面越远,金品位越低(张鑫利等,2023)。通过对三角顶北TC5-1、TC6槽探工程编录岩性与其对应的金矿品位进行统计分析(图8),金矿化的富集不选择岩性,在辉长岩、花岗闪长岩中均有分布。岩石的碎裂程度、硅化强度与金矿品位具有明显相关性,从围岩到矿体,表现出岩石破碎程度越强含金品位越高,反之亦然。构造变形程度与金矿化呈正相关关系,早期韧性剪切作用的矿质活化和后期脆性断裂的叠加、再富集作用均为本区金成矿的关键因素。
(1)三角顶北矿区含金断裂带至少经历了两次不同性质的构造变形,具有明显的“先韧后脆”构造特征。早期以左行剪切为主,形成了广泛的糜棱岩化,在强构造形变地段形成了糜棱岩;后期以脆性变形为主,形成宽为10~20 m的花岗闪长质糜棱岩构造破碎带,是金矿的主要赋矿地质体。
(2)韧性剪切带中石英C轴具有明显的优选方位,CPO演化以底面<a>滑移为主,兼棱面<a>滑移,说明岩石在中低温条件下发生韧性变形,这与显微镜下核幔构造、膨凸重结晶显示的温度条件一致。根据极密和Z轴的关系,结合显微镜下石英残斑和绢云母集合体不对称组构,显示为左行剪切特征,与区域上欧龙布鲁克陆块向柴达木陆块斜向左行特征一致。
(3)三角顶北矿区金矿富集作用与岩石变形程度呈正相关关系,早期韧性变形和后期脆性断裂的叠加均为本区金成矿的关键因素,可以作为进一步找矿标志之一。

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2026年第59卷第1期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025091
  • 接收时间:2024-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
  • 修回日期:2025-03-28
  • 录用日期:2025-05-22
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    青海省地质调查院,青藏高原北部地质过程与矿产重点实验室,青海 西宁 810012

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刘长云(1986−),男,工程师,长期从事矿床学研究工作。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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