Article(id=1307047752173642533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748188800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-26, revisedDate=1755964800000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-24, acceptedDate=1756051200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-25, onlineDate=1789554067891, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789554067891, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789554067891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789554067891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307047751552885541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789554067743, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616259011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=110, endPage=129, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307047752513381158, articleId=1307047752173642533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Mineralogical Study of Gold-Bearing Arsenian Pyrite in the Laojunmiao Gold Deposit, South Qinling, and Its Geological Significance, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Laojunmiao gold deposit, located between the Gongguan and Qingtongou super-large Hg-Sb deposits, is a medium-size gold deposit recently discovered in the South Qinling Orogenic Belt. The gold mineralization mainly hosted in the clastic-carbonate rocks of the Upper Devonian Xichahe Formation. Controlled by stratigraphy and structure, the orebodies are distributed along the EW-trending structural fracture zone, and the mineralization is relatively concentrated at the intersection of faults. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the distribution pattern of gold in minerals and the types of deposits. Based on field investigations, mineralogy observations, backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, and electron probe micro probe analysis (EPMA), the compositions of the gold-bearing minerals and the occurrence state of Au in the Laojunmiao gold deposit are determined, and the deposit's genesis was discussed. The results show that the mineralization process of the Laojunmiao gold deposit can be divided into three stages: sedimentary-diagenetic stage, hydrothermal mineralization stage, and supergene oxidation stage. The gold mineralization during the hydrothermal stage is predominantly fine-grained disseminated type, which can be subdivided into three substages: Quartz + Arsenic-bearing pyrite stage (Ⅰ), Quartz + Arsenic-bearing pyrite + Arsenopyrite + Sphalerite stage (Ⅱ), and Quartz + Calcite stage (Ⅲ). Arsenic-bearing pyrite and arsenopyrite are both gold-bearing minerals, but pyrite is the primary gold-bearing mineral. Both sedimentary-stage pyrites (Py1 and Py2) and hydrothermal-stage pyrites (Py3 and Py4) contain gold. The gold content of hydrothermal-stage pyrites is significantly higher than that of sedimentary-stage pyrites, and there is a positive correlation between Au and As. Gold primarily exists as invisible gold. Au in sedimentary-stage pyrites (Py1 and Py2) occurs primarily as gold nanoparticles (Au0); while gold in hydrothermal-stage pyrites (Py3 and Py4) and arsenopyrite (Apy) occurs as lattice gold (Au+). The results indicate that the Laojunmiao gold deposit show similargeological characteristics, metallogenic conditions, and gold occurrence modes with typical Carlin-type gold deposits. Compared with the δFe-δS, δFe/δS-As, and (Fe+S)-As systems of various genetic types of gold deposits in China, the pyrite mineralization during the mineralization period all falls within the Carlin-type gold deposit region. Therefore, the Laojunmiao gold deposit could be classified as a Carlin-type gold deposit.

, authors=Bin JIA1, 2, Zhen ZHANG1, 2, *, Liyong WEI1, 2, Huanhuan WU1, 2, Mingfeng TANG1, 2, Wuyi MENG1, 2, Ying Tian TIAN1, 2, Xin WANG1, 2, authorsList=Bin JIA, Zhen ZHANG, Liyong WEI, Huanhuan WU, Mingfeng TANG, Wuyi MENG, Ying Tian TIAN, Xin WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhen ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307047760784548679, articleId=1307047752173642533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=南秦岭老君庙金矿床载金含砷黄铁矿矿物学研究及其地质意义, columnId=1307047752601461543, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

老君庙金矿床是南秦岭造山带中近年新发现的一个中型金矿床,位于公馆和青铜沟两个超大型汞锑矿床之间。金矿化主要赋存于上泥盆统西岔河组碎屑岩–碳酸盐岩中,受地层和构造控制,矿体沿EW向构造破碎带分布,在断裂交汇部位矿化相对集中。关于金在矿物中的分布规律及矿床类型尚缺乏系统研究。基于野外地质调查、矿相学观察、背散射电子图像(BSE)及电子探针分析(EPMA)等方法,查明老君庙金矿载金矿物的组分特征,判断Au的赋存状态,进而探讨矿床成因类型。研究结果显示,老君庙金矿成矿过程分为沉积成岩期、热液成矿期、表生氧化期等3个期次。热液成矿期的金矿化以微细浸染型为主,可划分为石英+含砷黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ);石英+含砷黄铁矿+毒砂+闪锌矿阶段(Ⅱ)和石英+方解石阶段(Ⅲ)等3个成矿阶段。含砷黄铁矿和毒砂都是载金矿物,但黄铁矿是主要的载金矿物,沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)和热液成矿期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)均含金,热液成矿期黄铁矿含金性明显优于沉积成岩期黄铁矿,且Au、As具有正相关关系。金主要以不可见金形式存在,沉积成岩期黄铁矿中(Py1、Py2)Au主要以纳米金粒(Au0)形式赋存;而热液成矿期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)和毒砂(Apy)中的金以晶格金(Au+)的形式赋存。老君庙金矿床的地质特征、成矿地质条件及金的赋存状态等与典型的卡林型金矿床相似,与中国各成因类型金矿的δFe-δS、δFe/δS-As、(Fe+S)-As体系对比,成矿期黄铁矿均落在在卡林型金矿床区域内,其成因类型应归属于卡林型金矿床。

, authors=贾彬1, 2, 张振1, 2, *, 魏立勇1, 2, 吴欢欢1, 2, 唐明锋1, 2, 孟五一1, 2, 田映天1, 2, 王鑫1, 2, authorsList=贾彬, 张振, 魏立勇, 吴欢欢, 唐明锋, 孟五一, 田映天, 王鑫, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张振, authorNote=

贾彬(1992−),男,工程师,从事基础地质、矿产地质方面研究。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张振(1987−),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿产地质调查研究工作。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MeSvgYrqDyZOD0RKGSTmLA==, magXml=Q4Q8YebKZ426ER4nucGs1Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=68jdTQ09WzQ00Wr795kBWg==, pdfFileSize=8307518, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7rdKvwj30R+lR3VFpjwndA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=O1ENuIEKzKQVAJ80/AMSrA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307047761749238607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiabin1913@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307047762051228498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, authorId=1307047761749238607, language=EN, stringName=Bin JIA, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Xi 'an Mineral Resources Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Xi 'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
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贾彬(1992−),男,工程师,从事基础地质、矿产地质方面研究。E−mail:

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贾彬(1992−),男,工程师,从事基础地质、矿产地质方面研究。E−mail:

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Geological Journal, 2014, 49(4−5): 463−481., articleTitle=Ore geology, fluid inclusion and isotope geochemistry of the Xunyang Hg-Sb orefield, Qinling Orogen, Central China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307047761334002504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307047761342391113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, companyId=1307047761334002504, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Xi 'an Mineral Resources Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Xi 'an 710100, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307047761602437962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, companyId=1307047761334002504, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307047761661158219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307047761669546828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, companyId=1307047761661158219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Technology Innovation Center for Gold Ore Exploration, China Geological Survey, Xi 'an 710100, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307047761682129741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, companyId=1307047761661158219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心,陕西 西安 710100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307047770846684043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tectonic framework and mineral deposit distribution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, figureFileSmall=MFnxHa7rFA3beE42jLlHiA==, figureFileBig=7rdKvwj30R+lR3VFpjwndA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047770938958732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=CN, label=图1, caption=秦岭造山带构造格局和矿床分布示意图(据Dong et al., 2016; 马渊博, 2021修改), figureFileSmall=MFnxHa7rFA3beE42jLlHiA==, figureFileBig=7rdKvwj30R+lR3VFpjwndA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047771253531533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Spatial distribution of Au, Hg-Sb, and Pb-Zn deposits in the Xunyang basin, South Qinling Orogenic Belt, figureFileSmall=QkDgwlF8f+mvWa8gG3vozQ==, figureFileBig=/4LYdnUAow/xcWeNpdj1hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047771333223310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=CN, label=图2, caption=南秦岭旬阳盆地金、汞锑、铅锌矿产分布图, figureFileSmall=QkDgwlF8f+mvWa8gG3vozQ==, figureFileBig=/4LYdnUAow/xcWeNpdj1hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047771391943567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Geological map of the Laojunmiao gold deposit, figureFileSmall=tq9zPr3HDu4tCUY3wQ6VWg==, figureFileBig=3Gaf91wc5jLKnPU/A4RdMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047771467441040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=CN, label=图3, caption=老君庙金矿平面地质图

1.水洞沟组二段;2.水洞沟组三段;3.西岔河组;4.公馆组一段;5.公馆组二段;6.公馆组三段;7.石家沟组;8.燧石砂砾岩;9.砂岩条带;10.断层产状及编号;11.金矿体位置及编号;12.构造蚀变带位置及编号;13.探槽位置及编号;14..浅钻位置及编号;15.采坑位置及编号;16.老硐位置及编号;17.见矿位置及编号;18.未见矿位置及编号

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a. 矿体受EW构造蚀变带控制;b.地表红褐色氧化矿;c. ZK20601岩心中矿石特征;d.黄铁矿含砾砂岩矿石中发育Q+Py细脉;e.石英–方解石手标本;f.角砾岩型矿石,角砾为含黄铁矿硅化砂砾岩,胶结物为石英和方解石;g、h.石英–方解石穿切关系及素描图; i.透射光下见方解石交代早期含矿石英脉;Py. 黄铁矿;Apy. 毒砂; Q. 石英;Cal. 方解石

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a~h. 显微镜下反射光照片;i~l. 电子探针下背散射照片;Py1. 沉积草莓状黄铁矿;Py2. 变质重结晶黄铁矿;Py3、Py4. 热液期黄铁矿;Apy. 毒砂;Ccp. 黄铜矿;Thr. 黝铜矿

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Py1、Py2. 沉积成岩黄铁矿;Py3、Py4. 热液期黄铁矿;APy. 毒砂;at%. 元素原子百分数

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该图仅包含Au、As均大于检测限的数据

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Mineral paragenetic sequence of the Laojunmiao gold deposit

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), ArticleFig(id=1307047775577858980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老君庙金矿矿物生成顺序表

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), ArticleFig(id=1307047775871460261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

EPMA Analytical Conditions for Pyrite and Arsenopyrite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号分析元素分析晶体特征X射线计数时间(s)标样矿物检出限(10–6)
峰位背景
1AsRAP/CH1Lb105FeAsS521.54
2SPET/CH3Ka105FeS2102.87
3FeLiF/CH4Ka105FeS2422.57
4AuPET/CH3Ma105Au664.46
5SeRAP/CH1La105ZnSe289.70
6PbPET/CH3Ma105PbS513.33
7NiLiF/CH4Ka105Ni515.78
8CoLiF/CH4Kb105Co2573.04
9AgPET/CH3La105Ag2S229.84
10CuLiF/CH4Ka105CuFeS2703.82
), ArticleFig(id=1307047775951152038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

黄铁矿和毒砂的EPMA测试条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号分析元素分析晶体特征X射线计数时间(s)标样矿物检出限(10–6)
峰位背景
1AsRAP/CH1Lb105FeAsS521.54
2SPET/CH3Ka105FeS2102.87
3FeLiF/CH4Ka105FeS2422.57
4AuPET/CH3Ma105Au664.46
5SeRAP/CH1La105ZnSe289.70
6PbPET/CH3Ma105PbS513.33
7NiLiF/CH4Ka105Ni515.78
8CoLiF/CH4Kb105Co2573.04
9AgPET/CH3La105Ag2S229.84
10CuLiF/CH4Ka105CuFeS2703.82
), ArticleFig(id=1307047776018260903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) compositional data (%) for hydrothermal pyrite and arsenopyrite in ores from the Laojunmiao carlin-type gold deposit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号矿物SFeAsAuSePbNiCoAgCu合计计算分子式
ZK602-1TZ1Py150.7245.891.20−0.040.140.07−−−98.37FeAs0.02S1.92
ZK602-1TZ2Py150.8545.471.67−0.040.15−−−0.3798.91FeAs0.03S1.95
ZK602-1TZ3Py150.7045.610.52−−0.13−−−0.2197.58FeAs0.01S1.94
ZK602-1TZ3Py151.7344.941.02−−0.10−−0.030.1598.00FeAs0.02S2
ZK602-1TZ3Py151.8744.561.22−−0.04−−0.070.1498.07FeAs0.02S2.03
ZK602-1TZ3Py151.4545.331.760.130.040.18−−0.020.5799.86FeAs0.03S1.98
ZK602-2TZ2Py152.2747.010.97−0.050.170.290.57−−101.38FeAs0.02S1.94
ZK601-2TZ1Py152.1746.221.54−−0.150.180.000.03−100.65FeAs0.02S1.97
ZK602-1TZ1Py250.3445.730.43−−0.14−−−0.1197.01FeAs0.01S1.92
ZK602-1TZ1Py251.4945.980.00−−0.12−−−−98.04FeS1.95
ZK602-1TZ2Py251.0445.460.850.08−0.08−−0.040.1098.07FeAs0.01S1.96
ZK602-1TZ3Py252.1645.160.67−−0.18−−−0.2698.56FeAs0.01S2.01
ZK602-1TZ3Py252.6245.800.21−−0.19−−−0.1199.17FeS2
ZK602-1TZ3Py252.8546.310.26−−0.19−−−0.14100.18FeS1.99
ZK602-1TZ3Py253.6746.480.42−−0.16−−−0.22101.28FeAs0.01S2.01
ZK601-1TZ1Py253.0445.030.05−−0.07−0.25−−98.67FeS2.05
ZK601-1TZ1Py252.9145.190.240.09−0.14−0.67−−99.36FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ1Py252.9345.240.160.06−0.42−0.00−−99.19FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ1Py253.0544.580.170.08−0.080.450.64−−99.10FeS2.07
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.9845.940.06−0.030.070.070.00−−99.15FeS2.01
ZK601-1TZ2Py253.1945.350.00−0.040.24−0.24−−99.15FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.3646.380.090.09−0.19−−0.02−99.36FeS1.97
ZK601-1TZ2Py253.3346.190.06−−0.160.06−−−100.05FeS2.01
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.9645.300.00−−0.090.09−0.03−98.53FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.8745.710.07−0.060.200.00−−−98.94FeS2.01
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.5646.880.23−−0.180.000.28−−100.25FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ1Py253.3446.590.07−−0.090.050.75−−100.99FeS1.99
ZK602-2TZ1Py253.2746.380.010.03−0.13−−−−100.28FeS2.00
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.9946.100.23−0.030.25−−−−99.80FeS2.00
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.8846.690.26−−0.240.160.78−−101.17FeS1.97
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.2047.460.10−0.050.230.06−0.02−100.26FeS1.92
ZK602-2TZ1Py251.9046.910.00−−0.070.08−−−99.00FeS1.93
ZK602-2TZ1Py251.7946.170.06−0.060.270.09−−0.0898.91FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.7947.530.00−−0.07−−−0.08100.80FeS1.93
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.6047.560.00−−0.23−−0.05−100.50FeS1.93
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.4646.250.17−−0.13−0.620.06−99.79FeS1.98
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.5647.130.19−−0.220.10−0.040.12100.54FeS1.94
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.4846.930.21−−0.220.101.00−−101.10FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.9046.770.00−0.030.100.170.37−−100.55FeS1.97
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.5846.880.09−0.030.280.080.27−−100.25FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ2Py251.8046.490.15−−0.15−−0.03−98.83FeS1.94
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.7047.180.22−−0.250.07−0.03−100.46FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ2Py253.0446.420.130.09−0.160.100.28−0.13100.34FeS1.99
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.9247.320.00−−0.150.080.29−−100.90FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ2Py253.1446.180.000.09−0.08−0.96−−100.56FeS2.00
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.9646.030.00−−0.190.220.42−−99.86FeS2.00
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.6046.830.54−−0.12−0.380.050.09100.61FeAs0.01S1.96
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.4446.150.320.07−0.050.24−−−99.43FeAs0.01S1.98
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.6946.350.23−−0.28−−−−99.81FeS1.98
ZK601-2TZ1Py250.8044.530.60−0.050.07−−−−96.14FeAs0.01S1.99
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.5246.130.00−−0.170.18−−−99.54FeS1.98
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.9046.380.25−0.070.210.420.370.04−100.79FeS1.99
ZK602-1TZ1Py345.4942.769.31−0.040.200.32−0.040.6899.14FeAs0.16S1.85
ZK602-1TZ2Py344.5440.899.91−0.030.20−−−2.1898.32FeAs0.18S1.90
ZK602-1TZ2Py343.5941.8112.53−0.050.12−−−0.3498.78FeAs0.22S1.82
ZK602-1TZ2Py344.1042.8411.95−0.040.12−−−0.4099.60FeAs0.21S1.79
ZK602-1TZ2Py343.0742.2312.76−0.080.20−−−0.3698.99FeAs0.23S1.78
ZK602-1TZ2Py345.6742.7211.45−0.040.10−−0.030.26100.52FeAs0.20S1.86
ZK602-1TZ2Py344.5542.1411.29−0.080.15−−−0.4398.99FeAs0.20S1.84
ZK601-1TZ1Py347.1443.099.11−0.040.150.11−−−100.06FeAs0.16S1.91
ZK601-1TZ1Py346.6242.499.890.230.060.09−−−−99.68FeAs0.17S1.91
ZK601-1TZ1Py347.2842.348.090.13−0.14−−0.030.1598.40FeAs0.14S1.94
ZK601-1TZ1Py346.1642.3810.47−0.050.070.10−−0.1699.51FeAs0.18S1.90
ZK601-1TZ1Py347.2142.308.60−0.030.130.150.29−0.0098.79FeAs0.15S1.94
ZK601-1TZ2Py347.5943.208.270.090.030.13−−−0.2899.76FeAs0.14S1.92
ZK601-1TZ2Py344.6642.3012.08−0.060.12−−−−99.53FeAs0.21S1.84
ZK601-1TZ2Py347.4043.369.43−0.100.06−−−−100.38FeAs0.16S1.90
ZK601-1TZ2Py347.6143.868.45−−0.27−0.60−−100.89FeAs0.14S1.89
ZK601-1TZ2Py344.8642.5211.51−−0.19−−−0.1199.28FeAs0.20S1.84
ZK601-1TZ2Py346.2343.339.69−0.100.120.06−−0.1799.87FeAs0.17S1.86
ZK601-1TZ2Py346.1244.1810.410.070.060.13−−−−101.07FeAs0.18S1.82
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.1743.0211.45−0.040.17−−0.040.19100.41FeAs0.20S1.83
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.3742.8611.29−−0.05−−−0.0999.83FeAs0.20S1.84
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.8543.1010.66−0.070.13−0.29−0.09100.33FeAs0.18S1.85
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.2044.4510.38−0.030.130.11−−0.11101.56FeAs0.17S1.81
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.2342.7311.17−0.100.09−0.49−0.1499.94FeAs0.19S1.84
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.2543.5010.31−0.030.160.11−−−100.45FeAs0.18S1.85
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.7243.369.50−0.040.12−−0.050.22100.13FeAs0.16S1.88
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.1744.549.90−−0.230.050.45−0.10101.65FeAs0.17S1.81
ZK602-2TZ1Py347.4444.597.95−−0.070.000.00−−100.44FeAs0.13S1.85
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.5744.738.49−−0.130.000.00−0.10100.26FeAs0.14S1.81
ZK602-2TZ2Py346.3244.049.98−0.120.090.000.000.030.10100.76FeAs0.17S1.83
ZK602-2TZ2Py345.8543.5110.79−0.050.120.000.00−0.17100.62FeAs0.18S1.84
ZK601-2TZ1Py347.6743.397.470.26−0.120.080.28−−99.47FeAs0.13S1.91
ZK601-2TZ1Py346.1944.1910.34−−0.000.000.00 0.25100.97FeAs0.17S1.82
ZK601-2TZ1Py344.9442.2612.370.14−0.080.050.00−−99.99FeAs0.22S1.85
ZK601-2TZ1Py345.9643.2611.12−0.090.210.060.000.03−100.94FeAs0.19S1.85
ZK601-2TZ1Py346.0442.1411.07−0.080.270.000.00−−99.79FeAs0.20S1.90
ZK602- 2-TZ1Py338.6040.2219.81−0.100.180.000.57−−99.49FeAs0.37S1.67
ZK602- 2-TZ1Py338.2340.6419.58−0.080.100.110.00−−98.74FeAs0.36S1.64
ZK601-2TZ1Py343.9441.7912.240.110.080.240.000.000.03−98.42FeAs0.22S1.83
ZK601-2TZ1Py344.4241.8211.720.12−0.100.000.00−−98.18FeAs0.21S1.85
ZK602-1TZ2Py345.2541.6410.920.140.060.180.000.000.040.3898.61FeAs0.20S1.89
ZK602-1TZ2Py345.2441.3410.40−−0.000.050.68−0.4998.19FeAs0.19S1.91
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.1942.799.600.13−0.09−−−−98.79FeAs0.17S1.88
ZK602-2TZ1Py350.5044.012.91−−0.22−0.460.040.3298.46FeAs0.05S2
ZK602-1TZ1Py449.2644.783.39−−0.09−−0.020.2097.91FeAs0.06S1.92
ZK602-1TZ1Py448.9445.062.34−−0.14−−0.040.1896.82FeAs0.04S1.89
ZK602-1TZ1Py450.3545.401.72−−0.20−−−0.1698.18FeAs0.03S1.93
ZK602-1TZ1Py449.3145.003.26−−0.11−−−0.1197.93FeAs0.05S1.91
ZK602-1TZ2Py445.8741.112.31−0.030.20−0.27−0.1389.98FeAs0.04S1.94
ZK602-1TZ2Py450.4844.563.01−0.040.090.11−−0.1198.63FeAs0.05S1.97
ZK602-1TZ2Py450.4044.813.050.09−0.100.06−−0.1398.74FeAs0.05S1.96
ZK602-1TZ3Py451.0044.983.03−−0.18−−−0.1899.65FeAs0.05S1.97
ZK602-1TZ3Py449.8144.962.92−−0.09−−−0.1798.17FeAs0.05S1.93
ZK602-1TZ3Py450.6144.932.99−−0.17−−0.030.1599.07FeAs0.05S1.96
ZK602-1TZ3Py448.3344.582.660.11−0.18−−−0.2196.25FeAs0.04S1.89
ZK602-1TZ3Py451.4545.122.330.10−0.21−0.25−0.1299.65FeAs0.04S1.99
ZK602-1TZ3Py450.8445.362.93−−0.16−−−0.1499.70FeAs0.05S1.95
ZK602-1TZ3Py450.7245.202.22−0.040.28−−−0.1598.83FeAs0.04S1.95
ZK602-1TZ3Py450.8044.402.89−−0.16−−−0.1798.66FeAs0.05S1.99
ZK602-1TZ3Py450.1745.033.12−−0.27−−−0.1798.98FeAs0.05S1.94
ZK602-1TZ3Py451.1745.272.52−0.030.15−−−0.1699.87FeAs0.04S1.97
ZK602-1TZ3Py450.6045.023.360.11−0.05−−−0.2499.77FeAs0.06S1.96
ZK601-1TZ1Py450.1344.314.22−−0.070.080.42−−99.54FeAs0.07S1.97
ZK601-1TZ1Py451.4944.042.71−0.040.16−−0.05−98.61FeAs0.05S2.04
ZK602- 2-TZ1Apy23.0735.2940.87−0.15−−−0.06−99.43FeAs0.86S1.14
ZK602- 2-TZ1Apy23.4935.3640.41−0.140.05−−−−99.46FeAs0.85S1.16
ZK601-2TZ1Apy21.9334.1042.61−0.15−0.040.570.03−99.41FeAs0.93S1.12
ZK601-2TZ2Apy22.2434.6042.100.100.120.13−0.00−0.1199.39FeAs0.91S1.12
ZK601-2TZ2Apy22.3834.6541.990.120.23−−0.74−−100.11FeAs0.90S1.12
ZK601-2TZ1Apy22.1333.9741.96−0.130.110.050.00−−98.35FeAs0.92S1.13
ZK602-1TZ2Apy22.9535.0241.110.190.140.000.070.00−0.1699.66FeAs0.87S1.14
ZK602-1TZ2Apy22.9935.9940.820.180.160.000.000.21−−100.34FeAs0.85S1.11
ZK602-1TZ2Apy23.8934.9839.940.120.230.100.060.40−−99.73FeAs0.85S1.19
ZK601-2TZ1Apy23.8634.9639.79−0.24−−−−−98.85FeAs0.85S1.19
ZK601-2TZ1Apy24.3035.8639.17−0.140.170.040.00−−99.67FeAs0.81S1.18
ZK601-2TZ1Apy26.8036.5736.15−0.20−−−−−99.90FeAs0.74S1.28
ZK601-2TZ1Apy26.7436.3135.250.100.17−−−−−98.57FeAs0.72S1.28
ZK601-2TZ1Apy27.6536.3934.88−0.190.09−−−−99.20FeAs0.86S1.27
ZK601-2TZ1Apy28.3836.9933.70−0.150.11−−0.04−99.36FeAs0.68S1.34
ZK602-1TZ2Apy28.1837.7633.67−0.200.07−−−−99.88FeAs0.66S1.30
ZK602-1TZ2Apy28.5736.7133.05−0.180.11−−−−98.63FeAs0.67S1.36
ZK602-1TZ2Apy29.9336.9931.54−0.110.090.06−−−98.73FeAs0.64S1.41
ZK602-1TZ2Apy30.2137.4130.85−0.210.12−−−−98.80FeAs0.61S1.41
ZK602-1TZ2Apy31.1337.9030.420.110.080.26−−−−99.90FeAs0.60S1.43
ZK602-1TZ2Apy31.0537.8229.50−0.14−−−−−98.52FeAs0.58S1.43
ZK602-1TZ2Apy31.4137.4729.18−0.120.22−−−−98.40FeAs0.58S1.46
ZK602-1TZ2Apy32.9237.4727.56−0.150.13−0.20−0.1498.57FeAs0.55S1.53
ZK602-1TZ2Apy22.6434.2541.920.070.210.110.060.17−0.1099.53FeAs0.91S1.15
ZK602-1TZ3Apy21.2233.7343.70−0.270.050.00−0.02−99.00FeAs0.97S1.10
ZK602-1TZ3Apy24.0134.8340.74−0.200.050.02−−−99.86FeAs0.87S1.20
), ArticleFig(id=1307047776286696360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

老君庙金矿床矿石中黄铁矿、毒砂电子探针分析结果(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号矿物SFeAsAuSePbNiCoAgCu合计计算分子式
ZK602-1TZ1Py150.7245.891.20−0.040.140.07−−−98.37FeAs0.02S1.92
ZK602-1TZ2Py150.8545.471.67−0.040.15−−−0.3798.91FeAs0.03S1.95
ZK602-1TZ3Py150.7045.610.52−−0.13−−−0.2197.58FeAs0.01S1.94
ZK602-1TZ3Py151.7344.941.02−−0.10−−0.030.1598.00FeAs0.02S2
ZK602-1TZ3Py151.8744.561.22−−0.04−−0.070.1498.07FeAs0.02S2.03
ZK602-1TZ3Py151.4545.331.760.130.040.18−−0.020.5799.86FeAs0.03S1.98
ZK602-2TZ2Py152.2747.010.97−0.050.170.290.57−−101.38FeAs0.02S1.94
ZK601-2TZ1Py152.1746.221.54−−0.150.180.000.03−100.65FeAs0.02S1.97
ZK602-1TZ1Py250.3445.730.43−−0.14−−−0.1197.01FeAs0.01S1.92
ZK602-1TZ1Py251.4945.980.00−−0.12−−−−98.04FeS1.95
ZK602-1TZ2Py251.0445.460.850.08−0.08−−0.040.1098.07FeAs0.01S1.96
ZK602-1TZ3Py252.1645.160.67−−0.18−−−0.2698.56FeAs0.01S2.01
ZK602-1TZ3Py252.6245.800.21−−0.19−−−0.1199.17FeS2
ZK602-1TZ3Py252.8546.310.26−−0.19−−−0.14100.18FeS1.99
ZK602-1TZ3Py253.6746.480.42−−0.16−−−0.22101.28FeAs0.01S2.01
ZK601-1TZ1Py253.0445.030.05−−0.07−0.25−−98.67FeS2.05
ZK601-1TZ1Py252.9145.190.240.09−0.14−0.67−−99.36FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ1Py252.9345.240.160.06−0.42−0.00−−99.19FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ1Py253.0544.580.170.08−0.080.450.64−−99.10FeS2.07
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.9845.940.06−0.030.070.070.00−−99.15FeS2.01
ZK601-1TZ2Py253.1945.350.00−0.040.24−0.24−−99.15FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.3646.380.090.09−0.19−−0.02−99.36FeS1.97
ZK601-1TZ2Py253.3346.190.06−−0.160.06−−−100.05FeS2.01
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.9645.300.00−−0.090.09−0.03−98.53FeS2.04
ZK601-1TZ2Py252.8745.710.07−0.060.200.00−−−98.94FeS2.01
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.5646.880.23−−0.180.000.28−−100.25FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ1Py253.3446.590.07−−0.090.050.75−−100.99FeS1.99
ZK602-2TZ1Py253.2746.380.010.03−0.13−−−−100.28FeS2.00
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.9946.100.23−0.030.25−−−−99.80FeS2.00
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.8846.690.26−−0.240.160.78−−101.17FeS1.97
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.2047.460.10−0.050.230.06−0.02−100.26FeS1.92
ZK602-2TZ1Py251.9046.910.00−−0.070.08−−−99.00FeS1.93
ZK602-2TZ1Py251.7946.170.06−0.060.270.09−−0.0898.91FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.7947.530.00−−0.07−−−0.08100.80FeS1.93
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.6047.560.00−−0.23−−0.05−100.50FeS1.93
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.4646.250.17−−0.13−0.620.06−99.79FeS1.98
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.5647.130.19−−0.220.10−0.040.12100.54FeS1.94
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.4846.930.21−−0.220.101.00−−101.10FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ1Py252.9046.770.00−0.030.100.170.37−−100.55FeS1.97
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.5846.880.09−0.030.280.080.27−−100.25FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ2Py251.8046.490.15−−0.15−−0.03−98.83FeS1.94
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.7047.180.22−−0.250.07−0.03−100.46FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ2Py253.0446.420.130.09−0.160.100.28−0.13100.34FeS1.99
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.9247.320.00−−0.150.080.29−−100.90FeS1.95
ZK602-2TZ2Py253.1446.180.000.09−0.08−0.96−−100.56FeS2.00
ZK602-2TZ2Py252.9646.030.00−−0.190.220.42−−99.86FeS2.00
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.6046.830.54−−0.12−0.380.050.09100.61FeAs0.01S1.96
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.4446.150.320.07−0.050.24−−−99.43FeAs0.01S1.98
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.6946.350.23−−0.28−−−−99.81FeS1.98
ZK601-2TZ1Py250.8044.530.60−0.050.07−−−−96.14FeAs0.01S1.99
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.5246.130.00−−0.170.18−−−99.54FeS1.98
ZK601-2TZ1Py252.9046.380.25−0.070.210.420.370.04−100.79FeS1.99
ZK602-1TZ1Py345.4942.769.31−0.040.200.32−0.040.6899.14FeAs0.16S1.85
ZK602-1TZ2Py344.5440.899.91−0.030.20−−−2.1898.32FeAs0.18S1.90
ZK602-1TZ2Py343.5941.8112.53−0.050.12−−−0.3498.78FeAs0.22S1.82
ZK602-1TZ2Py344.1042.8411.95−0.040.12−−−0.4099.60FeAs0.21S1.79
ZK602-1TZ2Py343.0742.2312.76−0.080.20−−−0.3698.99FeAs0.23S1.78
ZK602-1TZ2Py345.6742.7211.45−0.040.10−−0.030.26100.52FeAs0.20S1.86
ZK602-1TZ2Py344.5542.1411.29−0.080.15−−−0.4398.99FeAs0.20S1.84
ZK601-1TZ1Py347.1443.099.11−0.040.150.11−−−100.06FeAs0.16S1.91
ZK601-1TZ1Py346.6242.499.890.230.060.09−−−−99.68FeAs0.17S1.91
ZK601-1TZ1Py347.2842.348.090.13−0.14−−0.030.1598.40FeAs0.14S1.94
ZK601-1TZ1Py346.1642.3810.47−0.050.070.10−−0.1699.51FeAs0.18S1.90
ZK601-1TZ1Py347.2142.308.60−0.030.130.150.29−0.0098.79FeAs0.15S1.94
ZK601-1TZ2Py347.5943.208.270.090.030.13−−−0.2899.76FeAs0.14S1.92
ZK601-1TZ2Py344.6642.3012.08−0.060.12−−−−99.53FeAs0.21S1.84
ZK601-1TZ2Py347.4043.369.43−0.100.06−−−−100.38FeAs0.16S1.90
ZK601-1TZ2Py347.6143.868.45−−0.27−0.60−−100.89FeAs0.14S1.89
ZK601-1TZ2Py344.8642.5211.51−−0.19−−−0.1199.28FeAs0.20S1.84
ZK601-1TZ2Py346.2343.339.69−0.100.120.06−−0.1799.87FeAs0.17S1.86
ZK601-1TZ2Py346.1244.1810.410.070.060.13−−−−101.07FeAs0.18S1.82
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.1743.0211.45−0.040.17−−0.040.19100.41FeAs0.20S1.83
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.3742.8611.29−−0.05−−−0.0999.83FeAs0.20S1.84
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.8543.1010.66−0.070.13−0.29−0.09100.33FeAs0.18S1.85
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.2044.4510.38−0.030.130.11−−0.11101.56FeAs0.17S1.81
ZK602-2TZ1Py345.2342.7311.17−0.100.09−0.49−0.1499.94FeAs0.19S1.84
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.2543.5010.31−0.030.160.11−−−100.45FeAs0.18S1.85
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.7243.369.50−0.040.12−−0.050.22100.13FeAs0.16S1.88
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.1744.549.90−−0.230.050.45−0.10101.65FeAs0.17S1.81
ZK602-2TZ1Py347.4444.597.95−−0.070.000.00−−100.44FeAs0.13S1.85
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.5744.738.49−−0.130.000.00−0.10100.26FeAs0.14S1.81
ZK602-2TZ2Py346.3244.049.98−0.120.090.000.000.030.10100.76FeAs0.17S1.83
ZK602-2TZ2Py345.8543.5110.79−0.050.120.000.00−0.17100.62FeAs0.18S1.84
ZK601-2TZ1Py347.6743.397.470.26−0.120.080.28−−99.47FeAs0.13S1.91
ZK601-2TZ1Py346.1944.1910.34−−0.000.000.00 0.25100.97FeAs0.17S1.82
ZK601-2TZ1Py344.9442.2612.370.14−0.080.050.00−−99.99FeAs0.22S1.85
ZK601-2TZ1Py345.9643.2611.12−0.090.210.060.000.03−100.94FeAs0.19S1.85
ZK601-2TZ1Py346.0442.1411.07−0.080.270.000.00−−99.79FeAs0.20S1.90
ZK602- 2-TZ1Py338.6040.2219.81−0.100.180.000.57−−99.49FeAs0.37S1.67
ZK602- 2-TZ1Py338.2340.6419.58−0.080.100.110.00−−98.74FeAs0.36S1.64
ZK601-2TZ1Py343.9441.7912.240.110.080.240.000.000.03−98.42FeAs0.22S1.83
ZK601-2TZ1Py344.4241.8211.720.12−0.100.000.00−−98.18FeAs0.21S1.85
ZK602-1TZ2Py345.2541.6410.920.140.060.180.000.000.040.3898.61FeAs0.20S1.89
ZK602-1TZ2Py345.2441.3410.40−−0.000.050.68−0.4998.19FeAs0.19S1.91
ZK602-2TZ1Py346.1942.799.600.13−0.09−−−−98.79FeAs0.17S1.88
ZK602-2TZ1Py350.5044.012.91−−0.22−0.460.040.3298.46FeAs0.05S2
ZK602-1TZ1Py449.2644.783.39−−0.09−−0.020.2097.91FeAs0.06S1.92
ZK602-1TZ1Py448.9445.062.34−−0.14−−0.040.1896.82FeAs0.04S1.89
ZK602-1TZ1Py450.3545.401.72−−0.20−−−0.1698.18FeAs0.03S1.93
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), ArticleFig(id=1307047776387359657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of metallogenic factors between the Laojunmao gold deposit and other typical deposit types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项目造山型金矿床类卡林型金矿床卡林型金矿床老君庙金矿床
构造背景造山带碰撞造山带弧后伸展区或造山带碰撞造山带
赋矿围岩变质地体浅变质沉积建造沉积地体沉积建造
岩性控制任意岩性碳质千枚岩、钙质粉砂岩、花岗斑岩钙质粉砂岩石英砂岩、石英砂砾岩
控矿构造次级脆–韧性剪切带剪切带和层间断层层间或正断层逆冲断裂带(南羊山断裂)的上盘北侧,矿体受次级断裂构造控制
矿区岩体常见常见不常见不常见
矿体形态脉状、透镜状脉状、似层状脉状、浸染状脉状、浸染状、透镜状
矿体边界与围岩边界清楚与围岩边界模糊与围岩边界模糊与围岩边界较为模糊
矿石类型石英脉、蚀变岩石英脉、蚀变千枚岩和蚀变花岗斑岩蚀变的沉积岩石英脉、蚀变沉积岩
矿石矿物组合以黄铁矿为主,少量自然金、黄铜矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿以黄铁矿和毒砂为主,次为磁黄铁矿、钛铁矿、辉锑矿以黄铁矿和毒砂为主,次为含砷黄铁矿、辰砂、雄黄、雌黄、自然砷、
辉锑矿
以黄铁矿和毒砂为主,次为闪锌矿、黝铜矿和针铁矿,矿区周边有汞锑矿
元素共生组合Au-Ag-Pb ( ± As,Sb,Te,W,Mo,Bi,B)Au-As-Sb-Bi-Pb(W, Ze, Ti)Au-As-Sb-Hg-Ba(Se)Au-As-Sb-Hg
脉石矿物石英、铁白云石、方解石、绿泥石、斜长石、绢云母、电气石铁白云石、石英、白云母、绢云母、方解石等石英、绢云母、方解石等石英、方解石、绢云母等
蚀变类型硅化、绿泥石化、黑云母化、钠长石化、电气石化及碳酸盐化硅化、黄铁矿化、菱铁矿化、绢云母化及碳酸盐化硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化及碳酸盐化近矿围岩蚀变以硅化、绢云母化及毒砂–黄铁矿化为主,远端则碳酸盐化较强
金赋存状态自然金显微自然金“不可见金”(固溶体金和纳米自然金)为主,也可见少量显微自然金“不可见金”(固溶体金和纳米自然金)
主成矿温度200~500 ℃150~200 ℃160~250 ℃235~275 ℃
流体来源变质流体为主岩浆流体±建造水±变质水建造水+大气降水变质水+建造水+大气降水
物质来源地层源±岩浆源岩浆源岩浆源±地层源地层源
参考文献Kerrich et al., 2000;
陈衍景等, 2004
孙树浩,2009; 刘家军等; 2019; 薛仲凯等, 2025Hofstra et al., 2000;
陈衍景等, 2004
本文实测(部分数据未发表)
), ArticleFig(id=1307047776462857130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047752173642533, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

老君庙金矿床与典型矿床类型成矿要素对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项目造山型金矿床类卡林型金矿床卡林型金矿床老君庙金矿床
构造背景造山带碰撞造山带弧后伸展区或造山带碰撞造山带
赋矿围岩变质地体浅变质沉积建造沉积地体沉积建造
岩性控制任意岩性碳质千枚岩、钙质粉砂岩、花岗斑岩钙质粉砂岩石英砂岩、石英砂砾岩
控矿构造次级脆–韧性剪切带剪切带和层间断层层间或正断层逆冲断裂带(南羊山断裂)的上盘北侧,矿体受次级断裂构造控制
矿区岩体常见常见不常见不常见
矿体形态脉状、透镜状脉状、似层状脉状、浸染状脉状、浸染状、透镜状
矿体边界与围岩边界清楚与围岩边界模糊与围岩边界模糊与围岩边界较为模糊
矿石类型石英脉、蚀变岩石英脉、蚀变千枚岩和蚀变花岗斑岩蚀变的沉积岩石英脉、蚀变沉积岩
矿石矿物组合以黄铁矿为主,少量自然金、黄铜矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿以黄铁矿和毒砂为主,次为磁黄铁矿、钛铁矿、辉锑矿以黄铁矿和毒砂为主,次为含砷黄铁矿、辰砂、雄黄、雌黄、自然砷、
辉锑矿
以黄铁矿和毒砂为主,次为闪锌矿、黝铜矿和针铁矿,矿区周边有汞锑矿
元素共生组合Au-Ag-Pb ( ± As,Sb,Te,W,Mo,Bi,B)Au-As-Sb-Bi-Pb(W, Ze, Ti)Au-As-Sb-Hg-Ba(Se)Au-As-Sb-Hg
脉石矿物石英、铁白云石、方解石、绿泥石、斜长石、绢云母、电气石铁白云石、石英、白云母、绢云母、方解石等石英、绢云母、方解石等石英、方解石、绢云母等
蚀变类型硅化、绿泥石化、黑云母化、钠长石化、电气石化及碳酸盐化硅化、黄铁矿化、菱铁矿化、绢云母化及碳酸盐化硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化及碳酸盐化近矿围岩蚀变以硅化、绢云母化及毒砂–黄铁矿化为主,远端则碳酸盐化较强
金赋存状态自然金显微自然金“不可见金”(固溶体金和纳米自然金)为主,也可见少量显微自然金“不可见金”(固溶体金和纳米自然金)
主成矿温度200~500 ℃150~200 ℃160~250 ℃235~275 ℃
流体来源变质流体为主岩浆流体±建造水±变质水建造水+大气降水变质水+建造水+大气降水
物质来源地层源±岩浆源岩浆源岩浆源±地层源地层源
参考文献Kerrich et al., 2000;
陈衍景等, 2004
孙树浩,2009; 刘家军等; 2019; 薛仲凯等, 2025Hofstra et al., 2000;
陈衍景等, 2004
本文实测(部分数据未发表)
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南秦岭老君庙金矿床载金含砷黄铁矿矿物学研究及其地质意义
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贾彬 1, 2 , 张振 1, 2, * , 魏立勇 1, 2 , 吴欢欢 1, 2 , 唐明锋 1, 2 , 孟五一 1, 2 , 田映天 1, 2 , 王鑫 1, 2
西北地质 | 西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026,59(1): 110-129
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西北地质 |西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026 , 59 (1) : 110 -129
南秦岭老君庙金矿床载金含砷黄铁矿矿物学研究及其地质意义
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贾彬(1992−),男,工程师,从事基础地质、矿产地质方面研究。E−mail:

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贾彬1, 2 , 张振1, 2, * , 魏立勇1, 2, 吴欢欢1, 2, 唐明锋1, 2, 孟五一1, 2, 田映天1, 2, 王鑫1, 2
作者信息
  • 1中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710100
  • 2中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心,陕西 西安 710100
通讯作者:
张振(1987−),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿产地质调查研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

贾彬(1992−),男,工程师,从事基础地质、矿产地质方面研究。E−mail:

Mineralogical Study of Gold-Bearing Arsenian Pyrite in the Laojunmiao Gold Deposit, South Qinling, and Its Geological Significance
Bin JIA1, 2 , Zhen ZHANG1, 2, * , Liyong WEI1, 2, Huanhuan WU1, 2, Mingfeng TANG1, 2, Wuyi MENG1, 2, Ying Tian TIAN1, 2, Xin WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Xi 'an Mineral Resources Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Xi 'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Technology Innovation Center for Gold Ore Exploration, China Geological Survey, Xi 'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025110
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老君庙金矿床是南秦岭造山带中近年新发现的一个中型金矿床,位于公馆和青铜沟两个超大型汞锑矿床之间。金矿化主要赋存于上泥盆统西岔河组碎屑岩–碳酸盐岩中,受地层和构造控制,矿体沿EW向构造破碎带分布,在断裂交汇部位矿化相对集中。关于金在矿物中的分布规律及矿床类型尚缺乏系统研究。基于野外地质调查、矿相学观察、背散射电子图像(BSE)及电子探针分析(EPMA)等方法,查明老君庙金矿载金矿物的组分特征,判断Au的赋存状态,进而探讨矿床成因类型。研究结果显示,老君庙金矿成矿过程分为沉积成岩期、热液成矿期、表生氧化期等3个期次。热液成矿期的金矿化以微细浸染型为主,可划分为石英+含砷黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ);石英+含砷黄铁矿+毒砂+闪锌矿阶段(Ⅱ)和石英+方解石阶段(Ⅲ)等3个成矿阶段。含砷黄铁矿和毒砂都是载金矿物,但黄铁矿是主要的载金矿物,沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)和热液成矿期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)均含金,热液成矿期黄铁矿含金性明显优于沉积成岩期黄铁矿,且Au、As具有正相关关系。金主要以不可见金形式存在,沉积成岩期黄铁矿中(Py1、Py2)Au主要以纳米金粒(Au0)形式赋存;而热液成矿期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)和毒砂(Apy)中的金以晶格金(Au+)的形式赋存。老君庙金矿床的地质特征、成矿地质条件及金的赋存状态等与典型的卡林型金矿床相似,与中国各成因类型金矿的δFe-δS、δFe/δS-As、(Fe+S)-As体系对比,成矿期黄铁矿均落在在卡林型金矿床区域内,其成因类型应归属于卡林型金矿床。

南秦岭  /  老君庙金矿  /  金的赋存状态  /  电子探针  /  载金硫化物  /  卡林型金矿

The Laojunmiao gold deposit, located between the Gongguan and Qingtongou super-large Hg-Sb deposits, is a medium-size gold deposit recently discovered in the South Qinling Orogenic Belt. The gold mineralization mainly hosted in the clastic-carbonate rocks of the Upper Devonian Xichahe Formation. Controlled by stratigraphy and structure, the orebodies are distributed along the EW-trending structural fracture zone, and the mineralization is relatively concentrated at the intersection of faults. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the distribution pattern of gold in minerals and the types of deposits. Based on field investigations, mineralogy observations, backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, and electron probe micro probe analysis (EPMA), the compositions of the gold-bearing minerals and the occurrence state of Au in the Laojunmiao gold deposit are determined, and the deposit's genesis was discussed. The results show that the mineralization process of the Laojunmiao gold deposit can be divided into three stages: sedimentary-diagenetic stage, hydrothermal mineralization stage, and supergene oxidation stage. The gold mineralization during the hydrothermal stage is predominantly fine-grained disseminated type, which can be subdivided into three substages: Quartz + Arsenic-bearing pyrite stage (Ⅰ), Quartz + Arsenic-bearing pyrite + Arsenopyrite + Sphalerite stage (Ⅱ), and Quartz + Calcite stage (Ⅲ). Arsenic-bearing pyrite and arsenopyrite are both gold-bearing minerals, but pyrite is the primary gold-bearing mineral. Both sedimentary-stage pyrites (Py1 and Py2) and hydrothermal-stage pyrites (Py3 and Py4) contain gold. The gold content of hydrothermal-stage pyrites is significantly higher than that of sedimentary-stage pyrites, and there is a positive correlation between Au and As. Gold primarily exists as invisible gold. Au in sedimentary-stage pyrites (Py1 and Py2) occurs primarily as gold nanoparticles (Au0); while gold in hydrothermal-stage pyrites (Py3 and Py4) and arsenopyrite (Apy) occurs as lattice gold (Au+). The results indicate that the Laojunmiao gold deposit show similargeological characteristics, metallogenic conditions, and gold occurrence modes with typical Carlin-type gold deposits. Compared with the δFe-δS, δFe/δS-As, and (Fe+S)-As systems of various genetic types of gold deposits in China, the pyrite mineralization during the mineralization period all falls within the Carlin-type gold deposit region. Therefore, the Laojunmiao gold deposit could be classified as a Carlin-type gold deposit.

South Qinling  /  Laojunmiao gold deposit  /  gold occurrence modes  /  electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)  /  gold-hosting sulfides  /  Carlin-type gold deposit
贾彬, 张振, 魏立勇, 吴欢欢, 唐明锋, 孟五一, 田映天, 王鑫. 南秦岭老君庙金矿床载金含砷黄铁矿矿物学研究及其地质意义. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (1) : 110 -129 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025110
Bin JIA, Zhen ZHANG, Liyong WEI, Huanhuan WU, Mingfeng TANG, Wuyi MENG, Ying Tian TIAN, Xin WANG. Mineralogical Study of Gold-Bearing Arsenian Pyrite in the Laojunmiao Gold Deposit, South Qinling, and Its Geological Significance[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (1) : 110 -129 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025110
矿石的物质组构、矿物共生组合特征是研究矿床成因的基础,深入探讨矿石组构特征与金的赋存状态,可为系统揭示金的富集机制、阐明矿床成因机制以及优化选冶工艺流程等方面提供关键理论依据(华曙光等, 2012; 范宏瑞等, 2018)。微细浸染型金矿的载金矿物主要是黄铁矿、毒砂,金常以“不可见金”形式赋存于含砷黄铁矿和毒砂等Fe-As-S矿物中(Joralemon, 1951; Grigore et al., 1999; 陈懋弘等, 2009; 葛战林等, 2023)。通过Fe-As-S矿物标型特征、元素含量变化及元素相关性分析研究,可以有效判断Au的赋存状态及其晶格占位情况,进而反演成矿流体性质和指示成矿物理化学条件,可以揭示金矿成矿过程、成因机制和找矿信息(Reich et al., 2005; 严育通等, 2012a)。
南秦岭地区是中国造山型及卡林–类卡林型金矿床的集中区(图1),区内赋存了一系列大型和超大型金矿床,如阳山、八卦庙、金龙山、寨上、马鞍桥等,目前已发现的金矿床超过100处(齐金忠等, 2003; 冯建忠等, 2003; Ma et al., 2020; Ding et al., 2021;张家瑞等,2024)。关于南秦岭金矿床尚存在造山型、卡林型及类卡林型等多种成因认识(毛景文, 2001; 华曙光等, 2012; Wu et al.,2018)。镇旬盆地是南秦岭成矿带中极具潜力的Au-Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn多金属成矿带(陈松岭等, 2001),前人对其开展过大量基础研究(张复新等, 2000; Zhang et al., 2014; 刘云华等 2016; Ma et al., 2020),盆地南侧发育以泗人沟、关子沟等为代表的志留系—中泥盆统热水沉积改造型铅锌矿床(刘天航等, 2021),北部沿板岩镇断裂发育有金龙山超大型微细浸染型金矿床(杨宝利等, 2014),盆地中部产出有公馆、青铜沟超大型汞锑矿,近年来有小河、老君庙、王庄等金矿床新发现(孟五一等, 2021,2024;杨本昭等, 2024),使此带逐渐成为一条重要的金汞锑成矿带。
老君庙金矿是近年来新发现的微细浸染型金矿床,位于公馆、青铜汞锑矿之间,具有中大型资源远景(图1)(杨本昭等, 2024)。目前,矿区仍处于金找矿勘查阶段,在矿石类型、控矿构造、成矿预测等方面开展了一些基础调查研究工作(杨本昭等, 2024; 徐晓辉等, 2024),但对金在矿物中的分布规律尚未开展研究,矿床成因还不明确。笔者在野外地质调查和矿相学观察的基础上划分不同成矿阶段,通过分析矿石矿物特征,结合岩相学显微鉴定、金属硫化物电子探针显微分析(EPMA),查明老君庙金矿载金矿物的组分特征,判断Au的赋存状态,进而探讨矿床成因类型,以期为老君庙金矿床成矿规律研究及下步找矿工作提供一定的依据。
秦岭造山带是中央造山带的重要组成部分,是中国大地构造格局的枢纽。其西部衔接昆仑(祁连)造山带与阿尔金造山带,东部与大别–苏鲁造山带相接,同时又是华北克拉通与扬子克拉通的过渡地带(图1)(张国伟等, 2001; Wu et al, 2013),其地质演化历史复杂,构造–岩浆活动强烈,矿产资源丰富,是中国重要的多金属成矿带之一(Liu et al., 2015; Dong et al, 2016;姜寒冰等,2023;陈龙龙等,2024;周彬等,2025)。
南秦岭镇旬盆地位于秦岭造山带的南缘,属扬子板块北缘与秦岭微板块结合带的关键构造部位(张国伟等, 2001)。区内广泛发育晚古生代地层,主要出露地层为志留系、泥盆系浅变质碎屑岩–碳酸岩系列,以泥盆系发育齐全,分布最广(图2)。区内岩浆活动较弱,区域构造线主要为NWW–SEE向,地层展布与之基本平行,南羊山断裂、佛坪–尖山沟口背斜是区域性构造。次级的田家山–南羊山复向斜、西岔河–砂硐沟复背斜、南羊山复向斜、公馆–回龙复背斜、北羊山复向斜及其相伴而生的次级断裂构造成为工作区的基本构造格架。其中,南羊山断裂控制了区内沉降幅度及岩相变化(张国伟,1995),控制了区内金、汞、锑等多金属成矿,构成了一条Au-Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn多金属成矿带(图2)(陈松岭等, 2001; 孟五一等, 2021)。
老君庙金矿床位于南秦岭褶皱带东段,镇安–旬阳盆地中部(图2)。紧靠南羊山断裂北侧,位于公馆–青铜沟超大型汞锑矿床之间,金矿(化)体受构造、岩性双重因素控制,与构造发育程度关系密切。矿区内出露地层主要为古生界志留纪—石炭纪(S-C)滨海海滩–浅海盆地相的碎屑岩–碳酸盐岩(图3)。老君庙金矿位于区域性仁河–双河复式背斜中部,双河公馆逆冲断裂带(南羊山断裂)的北部,区内次级褶皱、断裂构造极为发育,为汞锑金矿富集提供了充分的条件。矿体主要富集于公馆背斜核部或翼部,由于自北向南的强烈挤压,褶皱轴部发育密集的节理、破劈理及断裂构造,均是成矿的有利部位。其两翼地层由于挤压弯曲劈理集中发育,对矿化有一定控制作用。区内矿体的分布、发育与断裂构造关系十分密切,尤其以近EW向的剪切破碎带直接控制矿体的分布,一般在断裂带变宽部位、断裂交汇部位及产状变化部位矿化相对集中,矿体变宽、品位增高(图3)。矿区内构造叠加明显,特别是含矿层、褶皱与断裂复合部位,形成构造结,矿化更为富集。矿(化)体均赋存于下泥盆统西岔河组石英砂岩、石英杂砂岩、含燧石角砾石英砂岩、燧石砂砾岩及层间断层破碎带及上、下盘附近(徐晓辉等, 2024)。
目前,老君庙金矿床已发现金矿(化)体10条,主矿体为K15、K16矿体,均为隐伏矿体,长度为 300~400 m,呈NE向展布,倾向NW,平均倾角为70°,深部由ZK20601、ZK20801、ZK21201、ZK30201、ZK30401钻孔控制,Au品位为0.93~3.75 g/t,平均为2.07 g/t,矿体厚度为2.53~23.16 m,平均为11.64 m,最大控制斜深为430 m(图3),初步估算潜在金矿产资源已达中型规模(杨本昭等, 2024)。
老君庙金矿矿石类型主要为黄铁矿石英砂岩型、黄铁矿含砾砂岩型(图4)。矿石矿物组成以黄铁矿、毒砂为主,其次有少量的闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黝铜矿和针铁矿(图5g、图5h);非金属矿物为石英、长石、绢云母、方解石、锆石、榍石、石墨等。矿石结构较为单一,以黄铁矿的自形粒状结构和半自形–他形粒状结构,毒砂的自形板状结构和针状结构为主(图5e),有交代自形晶结构,过渡生长结构、包含与半包含结构等。金属矿物中黄铁矿最为发育,多为胶状集合体、立方体及他形粒状,毒砂呈半自形板条状、矛头状,部分被黄铁矿包裹,少数与磁黄铁矿交生,闪锌矿以不规则粒状、树枝状围绕黄铁矿生长,磁黄铁矿呈自形粒状、板状、他形粒状,部分与毒砂穿插交生在一起。矿石构造以块状构造为主,其次为角砾状、浸染状。区内黄铁矿化较为发育且与金矿化关系非常密切,二者紧密共生;黄铁矿化很弱的地段金品位较低,没有工业利用价值。因受次级断裂控制,矿体呈脉状、似层状、透镜状,与围岩界线较为模糊,近矿围岩蚀变以硅化、绢云母化及毒砂–黄铁矿化为主,远端则碳酸盐化较强。
根据老君庙金矿矿石矿物宏观及微观特征,结合野外实际,成矿过程可分为沉积成岩期、热液成矿期、表生氧化期等3个期次。根据矿化体矿物共生组合特征及穿插关系,热液成矿期可进一步划分为3个成矿阶段(表1,图4)。
阶段I以石英+含砷黄铁矿组合为标志,为金的主成矿阶段,石英为灰白色、烟灰色,沿节理裂隙形成网状、细脉状,含矿断层近乎平行(轴夹角多小于20°)。这个阶段黄铁矿受构造应力作用破碎较为明显。黄铁矿主要呈半自形–他形粒状,黄铁矿多具环带结构,星点状分布。此阶段矿化蚀变最强,金品位最高可达10.55 g/t(图4e)。
阶段Ⅱ以石英+含砷黄铁矿+毒砂+闪锌矿为标志,发育大量微细浸染状富砷黄铁矿和少量的毒砂。毒砂呈板条状、矛头状产出,部分围绕黄铁矿生长。此阶段可见少量闪锌矿化、黄铜矿围绕前期形成的黄铁矿边部分布;蚀变较强,金品位较高, 最高可达3.77 g/t(图4h)。
阶段Ⅲ以石英+方解石为标志,脉体较为纯净,与早期脉石相交(轴夹角大于50°),极少见黄铁矿(图4g)。
样品主要采自老君庙金矿钻孔ZK601、ZK602内的矿石样品(E 109°24′31″,N 33°06′14″),磨制探针片10件。通过显微镜分析黄铁矿、毒砂等主要金属硫化物的形态、大小、内生结构及共生关系,并对其分类;利用电子探针(EPMA)查明主要元素组合特征,确定其不同阶段金属硫化物微区成分及分布规律。
电子探针分析在中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心实验室完成,仪器为日本岛津EPMA-1720HT电子探针仪。工作条件为:加速电压为15 kV,加速电流为2×10−8A,束斑直径为1 μm,峰值计数时间为10 s,在a峰的一半时间内测量峰两侧的背景强度。分析使用了黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、硒化铋、碲化锑及元素金、镍、钴和铬的实验室标准样品。各元素的分析相对误差在2%以内(表2),测试精度为0.001%。数据均为ZAF基本校正数据。测试之前进行样品喷碳处理,并在照片上记录相应的位置。分析元素为S、Fe、As、Au、Se、Pb、Ni、Co、Ag、Cu。
黄铁矿是老君庙金矿含量最多的硫化物,既有沉积成因,也有热液成因,矿化体中的黄铁矿大部分受到热液改造具有典型的环带状结构,根据矿物颗粒大小和结构构造,将区内黄铁矿化大致分为4种。
(1)Py1:草莓状黄铁矿(图5a)或环带状黄铁矿核部(图5c、图5i)。显微境下表面呈麻点状,背反射图像中为灰色,颜色较深。草莓状黄铁矿一般分布在西岔河组砂岩中,单颗粒呈圆形或椭圆形,大小为5~20 μm不等,一般聚集分布,形成直径约为20~50 μm集合体。作为环带黄铁矿内核内部夹杂有机杂质且孔隙较为发育,呈麻点状,为沉积期黄铁矿被后期热液改造,使其呈不规则状,局部边界模糊,大小为10~40 μm。
(2)Py2:立方体黄铁矿(图5b)或围绕Py1生长环带状黄铁矿的内环(图5d、图5j),可能为经热液改造的同沉积成因黄铁矿。部分作为环带状黄铁矿的内环,一般包裹核部的麻点状黄铁矿(Py1),二者界线较为明显,局部过渡,表明Py1受热液改造程度较高。显微镜下表面光滑,部分环带状黄铁矿没有核部(Py1),则Py2作为环带状黄铁矿的核部出现;环带较宽,大小为10~110 μm不等。背反射图像中为灰色,颜色最深。
(3)Py3:环带黄铁矿的中间环带或外环带、细粒状黄铁矿。部分与毒砂共生,位于毒砂–黄铁矿集合体的核部(图5l)。此阶段黄铁矿在BSE下相对亮度最高(图5i、图5g);显微镜下表面光滑,一般围绕Py2生长且与之界线清晰,其间部分常有一暗色条纹间隔(图5c)。个别含砷黄铁矿颗粒中未见内核(Py2,也有可能薄片未切到矿物核部),仅发育Py3和Py4。自形–半自形,大小为0~110 μm不等,背反射图像中为灰白色,颜色最亮(图5g)。Py2和Py3是环带中黄铁矿最主要的类型。
(4)Py4:主要呈星点状或围绕前期环带状黄铁矿呈环带状,作为环带状黄铁矿最外环,宽度较窄,大多数情况缺失,较为图致密(图5c、图5g)。未观察到Py4与毒砂的生长关系,显微镜下表面光滑,一般围绕Py3生长,部分可见直接围绕Py2生长的现象。
毒砂在老君庙矿石中含量较少,一般毒砂呈半自形长柱状、矛头状(图5e),部分与黄铁矿形成集合体,可见毒砂包裹Py3,部分穿插黄铁矿(Py3),显微镜下表面光滑,毒砂亮度由核部向外逐渐变亮,类似环带构造,部分沿Py3晶体的边部生长或穿插Py3(图5f、图5l),亦可见Py4包裹毒砂,或说明毒砂在主成矿阶段略晚于黄铁矿Py3形成,略早于Py4。背反射图像中为浅灰色,大小为10~40 μm。
As、S、Fe的面扫描显示明显的环带结果(图6),As面扫途中核部Py1和内环带Py2为暗色调,中环带Py3为高亮色,外部环带Py4为次高亮色,说明As 主要赋存于黄铁矿环带中。此外,核部Py1高亮点分布不均匀,也有一定的高砷亮点,暗示核部也受到了一定的热液作用改造。这与点分析核部Py1和内环带Py2的As含量较低,中环带Py3的As含量略有降低特征基本吻合。S、Fe的与As的环带正好相反,高亮的内环带Py2和Py4,中环带Py3为次高亮,反映其S、Fe含量明显降低,而核部Py1有亮色色斑点,表明核部的S、Fe含量也是不均匀分布的。Fe 与S类似,但其对比度明显低于S。
(1)Py1:不含As或低As,高S、Fe,As含量为1.24%,S含量为51.47%,Fe含量为45.63%。原子数S/Fe值平均为1.96,接近黄铁矿(FeS2)的理论值2,有研究认为沉积黄铁矿Fe/S值与理论值接近(徐国风等, 1980;辛明宇等,2025)。因此,Fe、S含量反映老君庙金矿床黄铁矿内核具有沉积成因特征,对核部进行了8个点测试(核部杂质较多,适合测点位置较少,因此测点较少),仅有1个点Au含量大于检出限,为0.132%,暗示核部也可能含金。
(2)Py2:普遍表现为贫As,富S、Fe,各元素平均含量为,ω(As)0.177%,ω(S)52.58%,ω(Fe)46.23%。对核部进行了44个点测试,有8个测点Au含量大于检出限(Au的检出限为0.066),Au含量为0~0.095%,平均为0.022,表明环带也富集一定含量的金。原子数S/Fe值平均为1.98,接近黄铁矿(FeS2)的理论值(2),As、S、Fe含量与核部Py1相似,表明该期黄铁矿也主要为沉积成因。
(3)Py3:特征与Py2基本相反,表现为高As,低S和Fe。其中,As含量为10.78%,比Py2明显高出核部1个数量级,说明有富砷热液活动,形成含砷黄铁矿,S含量平均为45.48%,Fe含量平均为42.81%。44个测点中有10个测点的Au含量大于检测限,Au含量为0~0.26%,金的高值点高且明显多于核部,说明环带是金的赋存部位。
(4)Py4:其特征与Py3相似,高As,低S和Fe,但As含量较Py3降低。其中,As含量平均为3.94%;S含量平均为49.922%,Fe含量平均为44.619%。20个测点中有4个测点的Au含量大于检测限,Au含量为0.09%~0.114%,平均为0.102,也反映出Au在黄铁矿外部环带明显富集。上述各种特征表明。环带黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)和核部黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)是不同成矿阶段的产物,环带黄铁矿是热液成矿阶段形成的。
(5)毒砂(Apy)在老君庙矿石中含量较少,26个测点中有8个测点Au含量大于检测线,Au含量为0~0.193%。As含量为42.036%,S含量为22.725%,Fe含量为24.625%。
老君庙金矿中载金矿物的结晶顺序大致为: 贫砷沉积成因或遭受热液改造黄铁矿(核部(Py1-Py2)→富砷黄铁矿环带(Py3)→毒砂(Apy)→黄铁矿外环带(Py4)。Au-As图(图7a)和Au含量柱状图(图7b)显示,Py1、Py2基本不含Au或含少量Au,Au在黄铁矿环带(Py3、Py4)及毒砂(Apy)中均有分布,Py3、Py4及APy中Au含量显著增加,在含砷黄铁矿环带Py3最为富集,指示黄铁矿和毒砂均是载金矿物。Au 的面扫描未发现与As环带相对应的高金环带,亦未见金富集点(图中Au扫面高值区查证为锆石或榍石),呈均质结构分布(图6),但黄铁矿颗粒位置与基质成像完全不同,可清晰显示出黄铁矿结构形态,进一步说明黄铁矿是载金矿物,且环带内外均含有金。根据野外矿石矿物特征与黄铁矿相比,毒砂分布较少,主要在热液石英脉的边部少量分布,一般占比较少(<0.5%)。因此,黄铁矿是老君庙金矿的主要载金矿物。
老君庙金矿床中草莓状黄铁矿及环带状黄铁矿的核部(Py1和Py2)不含砷或低砷、区域局部含金(0~0.13%)(图7a),说明泥盆纪时期的沉积成岩作用可能在容矿地层形成了金的局部预富集。环带黄铁矿中由核部向外,As含量总体呈先增加后降低的趋势(图5j、图6、图7a),这说明成矿热液特征是在不断变化的,Py2之后,观察到热液特征发生明显变化,其特征是引入富含As、Au、Fe等元素的含矿热液流体。根据黄铁矿的生长结构和As含量的变化,单颗粒黄铁矿可分为核部贫砷黄铁矿(Py1和Py2)、富砷生长带Py3(含金)和较富砷外生长带Py4 (含金)3个阶段。Fe含量在核部及环带变化不大,S含量在核部至环带边缘先减少后增加,Fe、S具有良好的协同变化特征,Fe的变化幅度小于S(图6、图8)。As的变化特征正好与S相反。Au 与As 具有同步变化的趋势,从核部到环带,As 含量升高,Au 含量随之升高,表现为正相关关系,说明砷对金的富集和沉淀具有重要作用。在毒砂中,Au与As、S也有弱正相关趋势(图7a)。环带中As 与S 的空间分布状态规律,表明成矿流体早期为高温度的富As 流体,围绕早期形成的低砷黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)的核心生长富As的中部环带(Py3);随着温度下降H2S在流体中的溶解度逐渐增加,黄铁矿外围则形成高S低As边缘环带(Py4)。
在黄铁矿和毒砂的Fe(at%)、S(at%)、As(at%)关系图(图8)可以看出,不同世代的黄铁矿主元素组成有显著差异:沉积黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)S、Fe平均含量分别为52.41%、46.14%,原子个数比S/Fe值为1.92~2.07(平均值为1.98),计算化学式为FeS2~ FeAs0.03S1.98(表3),接近黄铁矿的理想分子式。热液期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)普遍含As,S、Fe的平均含量46.75、43.10,计算化学式为FeAs0.03S1.93~ FeAs0.37S1.67(表3),总体具有富As,贫S、Fe的特征。元素组分相关性分析显示,As 与S的原子百分数呈明显的线性负相关(图8b),而As与Fe、Fe与S之间不存在显著的相关性(图8a、图8c),反映可能存在As替代部分S进入黄铁矿晶格(沈关文等, 2022)。
毒砂中主元素组成变化较大,Fe含量为33.73%~37.90%(平均值为35.90),As含量为27.56%~43.70%(平均值为37.03),S含量为21.22%~37.90%(平均值为32.92)。计算分子式为FeAs0.97S1.10~FeAs0.55S1.52,总体具有贫As、S,富Fe的特征,指示毒砂形成的温度较低(Sharp et al.,1985; 员媛娇等, 2022)。元素组分相关性分析显示,As 与S、Fe原子百分数呈明显的线性负相关(图8d、图8e),而S 与Fe之间存在显著的正相关性(图8f),暗示可能存在As 替代部分S 和Fe进入毒砂晶格(沈关文等, 2022)。
在Fe-As-S三元图解中(图9),沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)中As含量较低,投点接近理想组成,热液期黄铁矿投点大致平行于S-As轴(图9a),可见As替代S进入黄铁矿的晶格,也是含砷黄铁矿普遍低硫的原因(Deditius et al., 2014)。当黄铁矿中发生了As和S元素的类质同像替代时,会使得黄铁矿的晶体结构变得不稳定,处于亚稳定状态,这时Au元素就会更容易进入黄铁矿晶格(Kusebauch et al., 2019)。热液毒砂(Apy)投点大致平行于Fe-As轴(图9b),可见As2+替代Fe进入毒砂的晶格(Deditius et al., 2014),也为晶格金的富集创造了先决条件。
金在矿石中的赋存状态及其分布与富集机制之间存在紧密联系,这一研究不仅为研究金的矿化过程提供了关键信息,而且对深入探讨金矿床的成矿作用具有重大的科学意义。前人将金的赋存状态以粒度划分为可见金(>0.1 μm)与不可见金(<0.1 μm)(Cook et al., 1990; 张博等, 2018)。一般认为,不可见金主要赋存形式为晶格金(Au+1)或纳米金(Au0)(Reich et al., 2005; 张博等, 2018; Liang et al., 2021)。
笔者对老君庙多个矿石光薄片进行高倍光学显微镜观察和BSE成像,均未发现可见自然金颗粒。大量硫化物的电子探针测点统计分析显示,无论是在含砷黄铁矿中,还是在毒砂中,Au均出现部分测点高于或低于检出限的现象,且无异常高值点,说明金的分布具有不均匀性,可能存在金的富集点,但未形成“可见金”。金主要以不可见的晶格金(Au+1)或自然金纳米颗粒(Au0)的形式赋存于金属硫化物中。
在含砷黄铁矿(及毒砂)中,存在一个固溶体Au的溶解度曲线:CAu=0.02×CAs+4×10−5(CAu 和CAs分别代表Au与As的摩尔百分比浓度),是判别含砷黄铁矿(毒砂)中不可见金赋存状态的重要依据(Reich et al., 2005; Deditius et al., 2014;孙宁岳等,2022)。位于该曲线下方区域的样品金以固溶体晶格金(Au+)形式赋存,位于该曲线上方区域的样品点金则是以纳米金(Au0)形式存在。笔者将老君庙金矿中载金硫化物的As(%)与Au(%)含量换算成摩尔百分比(mol%)浓度,投影在lgAs-lgAu图解中(图10)。沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)样品点落在金溶解度极限曲线上方区域,说明沉积成岩期黄铁矿中Au主要以纳米级自然金颗粒(Au0)形式赋存;而热液成矿期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)和毒砂(Apy)投点均落在金溶解度极限曲线的下方区域,说明Au在热液成矿阶段可能以固溶体金晶格金(Au+)的形式赋存在热液黄铁矿和毒砂中。
南秦岭老君庙金矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿石结构特征、矿物共生组合、载金矿物特征和金的赋存状态及矿床地球化学特征等,显著区别于造山型金矿和类卡林型金矿(Kerrich et al., 2000; 毛景文, 2001; 刘家军等, 2019; Gu et al., 2023; 薛仲凯等, 2025),与典型的卡林型金矿床相似(表4)(Hofstra et al., 2000; 陈衍景等, 2004)。具体包括:①大地构造位置处于南秦岭晚古生代弧前盆地,赋矿岩系为泥盆系滨海海滩–浅海盆地相的碎屑岩–碳酸盐岩,含矿岩性主要为硅化的石英砂岩、石英砂砾岩。②矿区位于区域性仁河–双河复式背斜中部,双河公馆逆冲断裂带(南羊山断裂)的上盘北侧,矿体受次级断裂构造控制。③围岩蚀变类型主要有硅化、含砷黄铁矿–毒砂矿化、绢云母化和碳酸盐化、汞锑矿化(位于公馆汞锑矿中间)。常见的矿石构造为浸染状构造、脉状构造、角砾状构造、块状构造等。④金以纳米级自然金颗粒Au0和晶格金Au+形式赋存于黄铁矿和毒砂中。⑤矿床形成于中低温、中低盐度的成矿环境(流体包裹体测温显示,成矿温度为235~275 ℃,盐度为12.5% NaCleq~15.5% NaCleq,未发表数据)。
成矿期黄铁矿和毒砂是从成矿流体中沉淀出来的热液矿物,它们的成分反映了成矿流体中元素的变化。由于电子探针的检测限局限性,文中主要用黄铁矿和毒砂中的主元素(Fe、S、As)进行成分标型分析,以讨论矿床的成因类型(严育通等, 2012a, 2012b;李洪梁,2019)。黄铁矿作为热液金矿床中最为普遍且重要的载金矿物,其成分标型特征可反映大量矿床成因信息。各成矿类型金矿床成矿期黄铁矿δFe-δS、δFe/δS-As、(Fe+S)-As图都具有明显的分区特征,可作为判别热液金矿床成因类型的依据(严育通等, 2012a, 2012b; 李洪梁等, 2019)。
黄铁矿S和Fe质量分数理论值为53.45%和46.55%,S/Fe(原子比)值为2。根据前人研究,当S/Fe值小于2时,称为硫亏损,而S/Fe值大于2时为铁亏损(严育通等, 2012a),老君庙金矿成矿期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)S/Fe值平均值为1.90,为硫亏损。有研究表明δFe和δS这2个参数代表在黄铁矿中Fe和S偏离理论值的程度,可用如下公式进行求解(Cook et al., 2013,严育通等,2012a),其中Fe和S代表质量分数。
$ {\text{δ}}\mathrm{ Fe=[(Fe-46.55)/46.55]\times 100} $
$ {\text{δ}}\mathrm{ S=[(S-53.45)/53.45]\times 100} $
依据公式求得δFe值为−12.16~−2.47,平均值为−6.23。δS值为−19.41~−3.64,平均值为−11.28(表2)。在δFe-δS图中(图11a),老君庙金矿热液期黄铁矿δFe、δS整体呈负值,投点主要位于第三象限内,δ Fe和δS分布比较分散,表明Fe和S元素均出现较大亏损,且更亏损硫。在δFe/δS-As图解中(图11b),样品点均靠近原点,反映更亏损硫。在(Fe+S)-As特征图解中(图12),黄铁矿投点位于杂质含量较高的卡林型区域,投点较分散,元素含量变化较大。在δFe-δS、δFe/δS-As、(Fe+S)-As体系中,与中国各成因类型金矿对比(严育通等, 2012a, 2012b; 李洪梁等, 2019),老君庙成矿期黄铁矿均落在卡林型金矿床区域内(图11、图12)。因此,系统对比分析美国内华达州与南秦岭地区典型卡林型金矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿石结构特征、矿物共生组合、载金矿物特征和金的赋存状态及矿床地球化学特征,认为老君庙金矿的成因类型应归属于卡林型金矿。
(1)老君庙金矿主要经历沉积成岩期、热液成矿期、表生氧化期等3个时期,其热液成矿期可分为I-石英+含砷黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英+含砷黄铁矿+毒砂+闪锌矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英+方解石阶段(Ⅲ)。
(2)老君庙金矿床中,含砷黄铁矿和毒砂都是载金矿物,其中黄铁矿多具环带结构,是主要的载金矿物。载金矿物的结晶顺序为:贫砷沉积成因或遭受热液改造黄铁矿核部(Py1-Py2) →富砷黄铁矿环带(Py3)→毒砂(Apy)→黄铁矿外环带(Py4)。
(3)老君庙金矿床环带状黄铁矿核部(Py1-Py2)和环带(Py3、Py4)均含金,环带含金性明显优于核部。此外,核部和环带As、Fe、S也存在很大差异,为不同时期的产物,且Au、As具有正相关关系。
(4)老君庙金矿未发现显微自然金颗粒,金主要以不可见金形式存在,沉积成岩期黄铁矿中Au主要以纳米金粒(Au0)形式赋存;而热液成矿期黄铁矿(Py3、Py4)和毒砂(Apy)中的金以晶格金(Au+)的形式赋存。
(5)老君庙金矿床的地质特征、成矿地质条件及金的赋存状态等与典型的卡林型金矿床相似,与中国各成因类型金矿的δFe-δS、δFe/δS-As、(Fe+S)-As体系对比,成矿期黄铁矿均落在在卡林型金矿床区域内,其成因类型应归属于卡林型金矿床。

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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025110
  • 接收时间:2025-05-26
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26
  • 修回日期:2025-08-24
  • 录用日期:2025-08-25
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    1中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710100
    2中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心,陕西 西安 710100

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张振(1987−),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿产地质调查研究工作。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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