Article(id=1307087580772716638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025163, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763568000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-20, revisedDate=1768838400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-20, acceptedDate=1768924800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-21, onlineDate=1789563563768, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563563768, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563563768, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563563768, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307087507837964779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563546379, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616219263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=182, endPage=193, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307087581028569183, articleId=1307087580772716638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Provenance of the Kujiertai Formation in Western Junggar: Evidence from Detrital Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb Geochronology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a key tectonic unit in the southwestern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB), the West Junggar region is critical for clarifying the provenance system and tectonic setting of the Late Paleozoic Kujiertai Formation. In this study, clastic rocks of the Kujiertai Formation were selected as the research object, and systematic LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U-Pb dating and trace element analysis were carried out. A high-precision detrital zircon age spectrum and a supporting geochemical database of the formation were established. Combined with the method for reconstructing crustal thickness using zircon Eu anomalies, these data provide important constraints for revealing the provenance characteristics and tectonic evolution background. The results show that the Th/U ratios of detrital zircons from the Kujiertai Formation range from 0.81 to 4.03 (all greater than 0.4), indicating a typical magmatic origin. The zircon U-Pb age spectrum shows that the main ages are concentrated in the range of 510–290 Ma, with five distinct peak intervals: 430–390 Ma, 380–365 Ma, 365–340 Ma, 340–320 Ma and 320–290 Ma. Among them, the youngest zircon age is 298 Ma, which provides key chronological constraints on the sedimentary age of this stratigraphic sequence, suggesting that the sedimentation occurred no earlier than the Early Permian. Geochemical characteristics reveal that the provenance is dominated by acid granite (accounting for approximately 68%) and mafic basalt (accounting for approximately 30%), reflecting prominent magmatic rock features in the provenance area. Integrating with the regional geological background, this study holds that the provenance system of the Kujiertai Formation is mainly controlled by the multi-stage tectono-magmatic activities of the Boshkul-Junggar Magmatic Arc, the Zarma-Sawuer Magmatic Arc and the Darbut Ophiolite Belt. Through systematic analysis of zircon Eu anomaly characteristics and combined with the timing of regional magmatic activities, the Paleozoic crustal thickness variation sequence of the study area was reconstructed. This result provides independent geochemical evidence for clarifying the complex tectonic evolution process of "accretion-transformation-disturbance adjustment" experienced by the West Junggar region during the Paleozoic Era.

, authors=Qiuyue LI1, Xiaohua DENG1, 2, *, Jingguo DU1, Xiheng HE1, Aobin NIU1, Xiandong DI1, Yongjun LI1, authorsList=Qiuyue LI, Xiaohua DENG, Jingguo DU, Xiheng HE, Aobin NIU, Xiandong DI, Yongjun LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaohua DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307087584333680752, articleId=1307087580772716638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=西准噶尔库吉尔台组物源分析:来自碎屑锆石的证据, columnId=1307087508710380014, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

西准噶尔地区作为中亚造山带西南缘的关键构造单元,为理清晚古生代库吉尔台组的物源体系与构造背景,笔者研究选取库吉尔台组碎屑岩为研究对象,系统开展了LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与微量元素分析,建立了该组高精度碎屑锆石年龄谱系及配套地球化学数据库,结合碎屑锆石Eu异常重建地壳厚度方法,为揭示其物源特征及构造演化背景提供了重要制约。结果显示,库吉尔台组碎屑锆石的Th/U值为0.81~4.03(均大于0.4),指示其为典型的岩浆成因锆石。锆石U-Pb年龄谱显示,主要年龄集中在510~290 Ma范围内,并呈现出5个显著的峰值区间,分别为430~390 Ma、380~365 Ma、365~340 Ma、340~320 Ma及320~290 Ma。其中,最年轻的锆石年龄为298 Ma,这一数据为该套地层的沉积时代提供了关键年代学约束,表明其沉积作用不早于早二叠世。地球化学特征显示物源组成以酸性花岗岩(约占68%)和铁镁质玄武岩(约占30%)为主,反映其物源区具有显著的岩浆岩特征。综合区域地质背景,笔者认为库吉尔台组的物源体系主要受博什库尔–成吉斯岩浆弧、扎尔玛–萨吾尔岩浆弧及达尔布特蛇绿岩带的多期构造–岩浆活动共同控制。通过系统分析锆石Eu异常特征,结合区域岩浆活动时间,重建了研究区古生代期间的地壳厚度变化序列,这一结果为厘清西准噶尔地区在古生代经历的“增生–转换–扰动调整”这一复杂构造演化过程提供了独立的地球化学证据。

, authors=黎秋月1, 邓小华1, 2, *, 杜静国1, 何西恒1, 牛澳斌1, 邸贤栋1, 李永军1, authorsList=黎秋月, 邓小华, 杜静国, 何西恒, 牛澳斌, 邸贤栋, 李永军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邓小华, authorNote=

黎秋月(2001−),女,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
邓小华(1984−),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿床学研究。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=KJRbFXrfES6ujNH2se4vgw==, magXml=6wTS7nRLdUUwyXluZnDpng==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VjkAs7mQ03HLWJnldWZYvA==, pdfFileSize=3660155, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=aPj5iYll0BqVtxx3FbusPw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=M+cJczwyv5PC+j+gbqR4HQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307087584761499768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2024127037@chd.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307087584832802938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, authorId=1307087584761499768, language=EN, stringName=Qiuyue LI, firstName=Qiuyue, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307087584912494715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, authorId=1307087584761499768, language=CN, stringName=黎秋月, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054, bio={"content":"

黎秋月(2001−),女,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E−mail:

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黎秋月(2001−),女,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E−mail:

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Journal of the Geological Society, 2022, 179(2): 1−12., articleTitle=Thin-section detrital zircon geochronology mitigates bias in provenance investigations, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307087584597921905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307087584606310514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, companyId=1307087584597921905, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307087584614699123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, companyId=1307087584597921905, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Tectonic sketch map of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and (b) regional geology map of western Junggar, figureFileSmall=TZ+QO7f9/XxJwL80URWdbQ==, figureFileBig=aPj5iYll0BqVtxx3FbusPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087587429077158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中亚造山带构造简图(a)和 西准噶尔区域地质及矿产分布图(b)(底图据宋永等,2023修改), figureFileSmall=TZ+QO7f9/XxJwL80URWdbQ==, figureFileBig=aPj5iYll0BqVtxx3FbusPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087587622015143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Late Paleozoic stratigraphic column and photographs of western Junggar, figureFileSmall=eXmFNhiDfOOtMn5QBXTvAA==, figureFileBig=8Nd3kj0GAWw89lhLwIKEsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087587684929704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, 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label=Fig.4, caption=(a) Detrital zircon ages pectrum of conglomerates from the Kujiertai Formation and (b) age histogram of igneous rocks in western Junggar, figureFileSmall=vKXHlPibrPOKJNnIB4W2WQ==, figureFileBig=t0hUHC+AIEqb4or/oamsng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588062417068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=CN, label=图4, caption=库吉尔台组砾岩碎屑锆石年龄频谱图(a)和西准噶尔部分火成岩年龄直方图(b)火成岩数据源自张攀(2020), figureFileSmall=vKXHlPibrPOKJNnIB4W2WQ==, figureFileBig=t0hUHC+AIEqb4or/oamsng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588137914541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Detrital zircon age spectra of the Late Paleozoic strata in the West Junggar region, figureFileSmall=O9PbiLmxLxaSJ53TNTOnPg==, figureFileBig=YXA0eoHhXNhPvSvDnjgs7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588217606318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=CN, label=图5, caption=西准噶尔地区晚古生代地层碎屑锆石年龄谱图

碎屑锆石数据来源:太勒古拉组源自张雷等(2015)、张攀(2020)和李嘉伟等(2023);希贝库拉斯组源自孙羽等(2014)、张雷等(2015)和张攀(2020);包古图组源自张攀(2020);巴尔雷克组和库鲁木迪组源自罗鑫(2020)

, figureFileSmall=O9PbiLmxLxaSJ53TNTOnPg==, figureFileBig=YXA0eoHhXNhPvSvDnjgs7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588293103791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of detrital zircons from the Kujiertai Formation, figureFileSmall=UY/k/ZHhK8PcGywlBeyxeA==, figureFileBig=2eV4xer2NgFPDBV2uA0OoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588372795568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=CN, label=图6, caption=西准噶尔地区库吉尔台组碎屑锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图, figureFileSmall=UY/k/ZHhK8PcGywlBeyxeA==, figureFileBig=2eV4xer2NgFPDBV2uA0OoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588452487345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=(a) CART classification tree for zircon source rock restoration, (b) restoration results by age groups, and (c) pie chart of source rock type distribution, figureFileSmall=A49RHLXlCd/zHhVYVshfqA==, figureFileBig=DfiuQjWb6woX276M1BxzQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588523790514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=CN, label=图7, caption=锆石源岩恢复CART分类树(a)(据Belousova et al., 2002修改) 、分年龄段恢复结果(b)和源岩类型分布饼状图(c)(主要源岩为花岗岩、粗粒玄武岩和正长岩/二长岩), figureFileSmall=A49RHLXlCd/zHhVYVshfqA==, figureFileBig=DfiuQjWb6woX276M1BxzQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588662202547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=(a) Crustal thickness variations reconstructed by detrital zircon Eu/Eu* through different geological periods and (b, c) temporal variation curves of Sr/Y and (La/Yb)n in Late Paleozoic intermediate igneous rocks, figureFileSmall=iGVHnCCSQZlbC3+aePVXxA==, figureFileBig=4U6LwwzidcoeLGZHrAfdyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087588737700020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087580772716638, language=CN, label=图8, caption=碎屑锆石 Eu/Eu*重建不同地质时期的地壳厚度变化(a )和晚古生代中性火成岩中Sr/Y随时间的变化曲线(La/Yb)N(b、c)

下标 N 表示采用 Sun et al.(1989) 年提出的球粒陨石标准值进行归一化;b、c图中的曲线为计算得出的地壳厚度随时间的变化曲线

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西准噶尔库吉尔台组物源分析:来自碎屑锆石的证据
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黎秋月 1 , 邓小华 1, 2, * , 杜静国 1 , 何西恒 1 , 牛澳斌 1 , 邸贤栋 1 , 李永军 1
西北地质 | 中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026,59(3): 182-193
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西北地质 |中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026 , 59 (3) : 182 -193
西准噶尔库吉尔台组物源分析:来自碎屑锆石的证据
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黎秋月1 , 邓小华1, 2, * , 杜静国1, 何西恒1, 牛澳斌1, 邸贤栋1, 李永军1
作者信息
  • 1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2新疆维吾尔自治区地质研究院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
通讯作者:
邓小华(1984−),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿床学研究。E−mail:。
作者简介:

黎秋月(2001−),女,硕士研究生,矿床学专业。E−mail:

Provenance of the Kujiertai Formation in Western Junggar: Evidence from Detrital Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb Geochronology
Qiuyue LI1 , Xiaohua DENG1, 2, * , Jingguo DU1, Xiheng HE1, Aobin NIU1, Xiandong DI1, Yongjun LI1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Geology, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025163
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西准噶尔地区作为中亚造山带西南缘的关键构造单元,为理清晚古生代库吉尔台组的物源体系与构造背景,笔者研究选取库吉尔台组碎屑岩为研究对象,系统开展了LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与微量元素分析,建立了该组高精度碎屑锆石年龄谱系及配套地球化学数据库,结合碎屑锆石Eu异常重建地壳厚度方法,为揭示其物源特征及构造演化背景提供了重要制约。结果显示,库吉尔台组碎屑锆石的Th/U值为0.81~4.03(均大于0.4),指示其为典型的岩浆成因锆石。锆石U-Pb年龄谱显示,主要年龄集中在510~290 Ma范围内,并呈现出5个显著的峰值区间,分别为430~390 Ma、380~365 Ma、365~340 Ma、340~320 Ma及320~290 Ma。其中,最年轻的锆石年龄为298 Ma,这一数据为该套地层的沉积时代提供了关键年代学约束,表明其沉积作用不早于早二叠世。地球化学特征显示物源组成以酸性花岗岩(约占68%)和铁镁质玄武岩(约占30%)为主,反映其物源区具有显著的岩浆岩特征。综合区域地质背景,笔者认为库吉尔台组的物源体系主要受博什库尔–成吉斯岩浆弧、扎尔玛–萨吾尔岩浆弧及达尔布特蛇绿岩带的多期构造–岩浆活动共同控制。通过系统分析锆石Eu异常特征,结合区域岩浆活动时间,重建了研究区古生代期间的地壳厚度变化序列,这一结果为厘清西准噶尔地区在古生代经历的“增生–转换–扰动调整”这一复杂构造演化过程提供了独立的地球化学证据。

库吉尔台组  /  碎屑锆石U-Pb定年  /  物源分析  /  地壳厚度  /  西准噶尔

As a key tectonic unit in the southwestern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB), the West Junggar region is critical for clarifying the provenance system and tectonic setting of the Late Paleozoic Kujiertai Formation. In this study, clastic rocks of the Kujiertai Formation were selected as the research object, and systematic LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U-Pb dating and trace element analysis were carried out. A high-precision detrital zircon age spectrum and a supporting geochemical database of the formation were established. Combined with the method for reconstructing crustal thickness using zircon Eu anomalies, these data provide important constraints for revealing the provenance characteristics and tectonic evolution background. The results show that the Th/U ratios of detrital zircons from the Kujiertai Formation range from 0.81 to 4.03 (all greater than 0.4), indicating a typical magmatic origin. The zircon U-Pb age spectrum shows that the main ages are concentrated in the range of 510–290 Ma, with five distinct peak intervals: 430–390 Ma, 380–365 Ma, 365–340 Ma, 340–320 Ma and 320–290 Ma. Among them, the youngest zircon age is 298 Ma, which provides key chronological constraints on the sedimentary age of this stratigraphic sequence, suggesting that the sedimentation occurred no earlier than the Early Permian. Geochemical characteristics reveal that the provenance is dominated by acid granite (accounting for approximately 68%) and mafic basalt (accounting for approximately 30%), reflecting prominent magmatic rock features in the provenance area. Integrating with the regional geological background, this study holds that the provenance system of the Kujiertai Formation is mainly controlled by the multi-stage tectono-magmatic activities of the Boshkul-Junggar Magmatic Arc, the Zarma-Sawuer Magmatic Arc and the Darbut Ophiolite Belt. Through systematic analysis of zircon Eu anomaly characteristics and combined with the timing of regional magmatic activities, the Paleozoic crustal thickness variation sequence of the study area was reconstructed. This result provides independent geochemical evidence for clarifying the complex tectonic evolution process of "accretion-transformation-disturbance adjustment" experienced by the West Junggar region during the Paleozoic Era.

Kujiertai Formation  /  detrital zircon U-Pb dating  /  provenance analysis  /  crustal thickness  /  Western Junggar
黎秋月, 邓小华, 杜静国, 何西恒, 牛澳斌, 邸贤栋, 李永军. 西准噶尔库吉尔台组物源分析:来自碎屑锆石的证据. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 182 -193 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025163
Qiuyue LI, Xiaohua DENG, Jingguo DU, Xiheng HE, Aobin NIU, Xiandong DI, Yongjun LI. Provenance of the Kujiertai Formation in Western Junggar: Evidence from Detrital Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb Geochronology[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 182 -193 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025163
西准噶尔地区位于哈萨克斯坦、塔里木与西伯利亚三大板块的交汇地带,是中亚增生造山带西南缘的关键构造单元(图1;全孝勤等,2024;杨高学等,2024)。该区域以构造现象复杂、岩浆活动强烈而著称,记录了古亚洲洋消亡与地体拼贴的完整过程(张蕊等, 2024)。晚古生代(特别是石炭纪—二叠纪)是西准噶尔构造属性转换的关键时期,经历了从残余洋盆消减、弧陆碰撞到陆内造山的复杂演化,形成了丰富的火山–沉积记录。其中,上二叠统库吉尔台组作为该时期典型的磨拉石建造,直接响应了造山后期的隆升–剥蚀过程,是解密区域构造变革的重要载体。前人对西准噶尔地区晚古生代地层碎屑锆石年代学、物源及构造背景已开展系统性研究(辜平阳等, 2009; 郭丽爽等, 2010; 孙羽等, 2014; 张雷等, 2015; 廖婉琳等, 2015; 罗鑫等, 2019; 罗鑫, 2020; Liu et al., 2023; 李嘉伟等, 2023)。然而,针对库吉尔台组的物源属性与构造背景研究相对薄弱,仅初步推测其物源与邻区地层相似,制约了西准噶尔地区晚古生代整体研究进展。尽管库吉尔台组露头规模小于石炭系与泥盆系,但其典型的磨拉石建造是恢复晚古生代地质过程的重要载体,深化研究对古地理重建具显著意义(Cawood et al., 2007, 2012; Hawkesworth et al., 2010; Barham et al., 2022; Zutterkirch et al., 2022)。
本研究系统采集西准噶尔东南缘库吉尔台组样品,开展碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及微量元素分析,构建该组高精度锆石年龄谱系。与西准噶尔地区已有晚古生代地层物源研究多集中于北部或西部不同,本次工作重点针对东南缘关键地段,首次系统获取库吉尔台组的碎屑锆石年龄与微量元素组成,填补了该区域物源体系的空白,为精确限定南、北向物源贡献比例及构造单元亲缘性提供了关键数据。这一成果对于理清中亚造山带西南缘晚古生代构造演化的关键争议“该时期是持续洋壳俯冲还是已进入碰撞后伸展阶段”具有重要意义,也为深入理解区域成矿作用奠定了坚实基础。本研究揭示的构造–岩浆事件期次与空间格局,可为区域铜、金等矿床的成因类型划分、成矿物质来源追溯及成矿时代界定提供关键背景支撑。
西准噶尔夹持于天山与阿尔泰山之间,发育了复杂且长期演化的沟–弧–盆构造体系,经历了多期次拼贴增生(全孝勤等,2024;杨高学等,2024)。地区构造极为发育,包括达尔布特、玛依勒等区域性大断裂及其次级断裂,控制了区域岩体和矿床的分布。达尔布特断裂呈NE 55°~60°走向,被认为是西准噶尔洋盆闭合的缝合线(陈衍景, 1995);玛依勒断裂沿库鲁木迪山南麓呈近似 EW 向延伸,水平断距约为10 km(陈宣华等, 2011)。安齐断裂、哈图断裂均呈NE走向,前者控矿且走滑方向有变化,后者为逆冲断层(陈宣华等, 2011)。
西准噶尔地区古生界地层分布广泛,出露有奥陶系、志留系、泥盆系、石炭系和二叠系(图1;宋永等, 2023)。奥陶系出露于研究区西南部,主要岩性为变质碎屑岩,志留系跨断裂岩性有差异,达尔布特断裂以南为沉积岩,哈图断裂以北为火山岩。泥盆系库鲁木迪组与巴尔雷克组出露于哈图断裂以北,以陆源及火山源混合的碎屑岩为主(图2;刘希军等, 2009; 李俊建等, 2015; 宋永等, 2023);石炭系包古图组、希贝库拉斯组及太勒古拉组(近期被解体为成吉思汗山组)则集中出露于研究区核部,为一套从细碎屑岩到粗碎屑岩再到凝灰岩的连续沉积(图2;王磊等, 2013;向坤鹏等, 2013;宁文涛, 2019;李永军等, 2024)。此外,研究区北部以及达尔布特断裂中发育少量二叠系。其中,库吉尔台组以粗碎屑沉积岩为主,岩石类型主要包括砾岩、含砾砂岩及粗砂岩,具明显的磨拉石建造特征。砾石成分复杂,包括花岗岩、粉砂岩、硅质岩等,砾石大小不一,砾径为1~40 cm,磨圆较好, 多呈次棱角状–次圆状(宋永等, 2023)。
区域中酸性岩浆岩广泛发育,包括庙尔沟、铁厂沟、阿克巴斯陶等大岩基和小岩脉(韩宝福等, 2006),成矿岩体多为小岩脉包括包古图、黄梁子、别鲁阿嘎希等,岩性以石英闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩等为主(申萍等, 2011,2015; 曹明坚等, 2012)。值得注意的是,准噶尔–巴尔喀什洋的闭合时限问题存在显著争议,白建科等(2015)基于西准噶尔南部玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩被中泥盆统陆相地层不整合覆盖的证据,认为相关的古洋盆在中泥盆世(约400 Ma)前就已闭合。然而,近年来更多的研究支持晚古生代闭合,但具体时限仍有不同认识:部分研究根据晚石炭世—早二叠世区域性角度不整合及后碰撞岩浆活动认为洋盆主体在早二叠世(约290 Ma)通过碰撞造山最终闭合(李嘉伟,2023)以及区域大地构造与多类岩体研究表明,准噶尔地区直至早二叠世早期(约290 Ma)仍可能存在残余洋盆及相关的俯冲活动(尹继元等,2011, 2013a, 2013b, 2016);另一部分研究则通过286~283 Ma的早二叠世弧火山岩记录,主张洋盆的俯冲作用至少持续至早二叠世晚期,其闭合可能晚于此时间(Duan et al., 2023)。此外,最新的沉积与物源综合研究提出,洋盆可能在石炭纪发生闭合,并在早二叠世进入陆内裂陷阶段(Zhi et al., 2024)。这些有争议的研究成果反映了该区多阶段、穿时闭合的复杂构造演化过程。岩浆峰期作为构造活动的直接产物,是反演区域构造演化历史的重要依据。本研究从碎屑锆石记录的多期岩浆峰值结合Eu异常演化的独特视角,为厘清西准噶尔洋盆闭合时限这一长期争议提供了新的地球化学制约。
本次研究样品采自于西准噶尔地区核部的库吉尔台组,样品坐标为N 45°34′,E 84°12′(图1)。该组地层受区域构造运动影响,以断块状产出,赋存于小型山间盆地内,整体呈NE–SW向长条状沿达尔布特断裂带展布(图1),其西北侧被第四系残坡积物覆盖,东南侧则与希贝库拉斯组呈断层接触(图2)。库吉尔台组岩石以砾岩为主,砾石主要由青灰色粉砂岩、含砾砂岩、红色硅质岩及暗紫色–灰褐色闪长岩(图2)。砾石粒径差异显著(1~5 cm),磨圆度总体良好,多数呈次圆状(其中花岗岩砾石可呈球状),少量为棱角–次棱角状;分选性差,砾石含量约 80%,呈定向排列特征。胶结物为粗砂质,岩层呈块状构造(图2)。
锆石样品的挑样、制靶及阴极发光(CL)图像等工作由廊坊市尚艺岩矿检测技术服务有限公司完成,从约5 kg砂岩样品中分离出重矿物,在双目镜下随机挑选晶形完好、无明显裂隙的锆石颗粒,与标准锆石颗粒一同制靶、抛光并进行CL图像采集,以识别锆石内部结构并指导分析点位选择。激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析在地质过程与成矿预测全国重点实验室使用配备Geolas HD 193 nm ArF准分子激光剥蚀系统的Agilent 7900型ICP-MS完成。锆石U-Pb定年的激光束斑直径设定为 25 μm,6 Hz频率及~5.5 J/cm2能量密度(对应激光能量为80 mJ)。在U-Pb同位素定年分析中,使用标准锆石91500为外标,每测10个样品点穿插分析Plešovice和GJ-1监控数据质量;微量元素含量以NIST SRM 610为内标计算,并使用其他相应标样进行过程监控,确保测试结果的准确性与可靠性。原始数据经ICPMSDataCal软件处理(含背景扣除、同位素比值计算及204Pb法普通铅校正),年龄谐和图与直方图由Isoplot 4.15生成(Ludwig et al., 2003),仅采纳置信度≥90%的分析点进行地质解释。详细的实验步骤与数据处理流程,可参考已发表的相关文献(Lu et al., 2021; Ye et al., 2021)。
锆石阴极发光图像(图3)显示,①锆石晶体形态多样,粒径范围变化大,主要集中在40~100 μm。颗粒多呈次棱角至次圆状,既保留部分原始晶棱迹象,又显示后期搬运改造导致的圆化特征,体现物源搬运等地质过程影响;②多数锆石发育清晰的震荡环带,表现为明暗交替具有规则韵律生长环带,记录了岩浆结晶过程中元素浓度的周期性波动;③部分颗粒具有较大长宽比,少数颗粒可见机械破裂痕迹,反映了地质历史中经历的应力作用。
库吉尔台组砾岩的碎屑锆石Th/U值为0.81~4.03,全部>0.4,指示其为岩浆成因(吴元保等, 2004; Wang et al., 2024)。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布于290~510 Ma,仅有一颗年龄为560 Ma,整体呈多峰分布特征,主要集中在 430~390 Ma、380~365 Ma、365~340 Ma、340~320 Ma及320~290 Ma 5个区间(图4、图5)。碎屑锆石的稀土总量介于363×10−6~3244 ×10−6,均值达927 ×10−6;其中,Ce含量为 4.81×10−6~90.1×10−6(平均值为26.9×10−6),而Eu含量为1.10×10−6~84.4×10−6(平均值为14.4 ×10−6)。在锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图上呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集,显示Ce正异常与Eu负异常特征(图6),与岩浆成因锆石一致(Hoskin et al., 2003; 韦恒叶等, 2024)。
锆石微量元素丰度及比值,正是判别物源区母岩组成与性质的有效指标(Heaman et al., 1990)。基于递归分区技术,Belousova et al.(2002)建立分类回归树(CART)分析方法(图7a),可通过关联源岩类型与锆石微量元素,弥补传统判别图解不足,提升碎屑锆石源岩判别准确率。
本次研究利用CART方法对KGT-01样品中的60颗有效碎屑锆石进行了源岩判别(图7a、图7b),结果显示花岗岩(68%)、粗粒玄武岩(30%)及正长岩/二长岩(2%)是主要源岩类型(图7c)。其中,4个时间范围都有玄武岩供给,花岗岩主要集中在310~390 Ma,二长岩则仅存在于310~340 Ma,其中最年轻锆石颗粒的年龄为298 Ma,在95%置信度下的误差范围为+5.5~–7.9Ma,该年龄可限定地层沉积时代不早于早二叠纪,推测该地区岩体分布物源可能主要为达尔布特断裂带蛇绿岩及同期岩浆岩。
根据年龄频谱图可知,库吉尔台组碎屑锆石的物源年代集中分布于430~390 Ma、380~365 Ma、365~340 Ma、340~320 Ma及320~290 Ma 5个区间(图4、图5),且锆石年龄峰值与该地区岩浆岩年龄峰值相似。基于前述锆石年龄谱系与CART源岩判别结果,结合区域构造演化阶段,可系统重建库吉尔台组物源体系随动力学背景转换而发生的演变过程。①晚志留世—中泥盆世(430~390 Ma),锆石年龄峰值(~413 Ma)与以玄武岩–花岗岩为主的源岩组合,精确对应了达尔布特蛇绿岩(弧后盆地环境)的侵位期与博什库尔–成吉斯岩浆弧的初始活动( 辜平阳等,2009;杨高学等,2013),物源贡献约23%,反映了古亚洲洋向南持续俯冲的早期格局。②晚泥盆世(380~365 Ma),持续的玄武岩与花岗岩物源(贡献约15%)分别与继承性的蛇绿岩供给及谢米斯台山地区延续的弧岩浆活动(如363 Ma火山岩)(向坤鹏等,2013)相关联,表明大洋俯冲体制的延续。西准噶尔包古图地区晚泥盆世放射虫硅质岩及大量蛇绿岩的发现,证实研究区南部在整个泥盆纪期间持续处于大洋环境(高翔等,2014; 罗鑫,2020)。③晚泥盆世—早石炭世(365~340 Ma)是物源体系发生根本性转换的关键期,此阶段锆石贡献量最大(约45%)。早期(~365 Ma)物源仍继承前序特征,但向~340 Ma过渡时,库吉尔台组碎屑锆石源岩属性(玄武岩+花岗岩+二长岩)中,花岗岩占比显著提高,且增加了二长岩组分,这与扎尔玛–萨吾尔岩浆弧主体钙碱性火山岩(安山岩、英安岩)及 I 型花岗岩(花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩)高度匹配(杨高学等,2013)。这标志着随着洋壳闭合与弧–陆碰撞,扎尔玛–萨吾尔碰撞型岩浆弧迅速隆升并成为主导物源,而达尔布特蛇绿岩的贡献在此阶段后期急剧减弱,指示其可能已被碰撞造山体掩覆。④早石炭世晚期—早二叠世(340~290 Ma),物源进一步演化为以花岗质岩石为主导。最年轻的年龄峰值(296+5.5/–7.9 Ma)及其对应的玄武岩则与哈拉阿拉特组底部~306 Ma的富斑玄武岩揭示的后碰撞伸展背景下新生弧–盆体系岩浆活动直接对应(李永军等,2024),表明区域构造体制已从碰撞挤压转换为伸展。新疆乌尔禾之北哈拉阿拉特组底部的富斑玄武岩锆石U-Pb 年龄为(306±2 )Ma,揭示晚石炭世晚期已开启新生弧–盆构造体系(李永军等,2024)。结合区域地质背景,推测其物质来源直接受控于新生弧–盆体系内的玄武岩岩浆活动。
已有研究表明,西准噶尔岩浆作用峰期为510 Ma、410 Ma、310 Ma(韩宝福等, 2006; 苏玉平等, 2006; 尹继元等, 2011,2013a; 李永军等, 2012, 2024; 高睿等, 2013; 靳松, 2016; Yang et al, 2022; 张蕊等, 2024),本研究中揭示的锆石年龄连续峰值与区域岩浆活动期次高度吻合(图4),而最年轻的~296 Ma峰值(李永军等,2024)显著晚于希贝库拉斯组已报道的主要年龄区间(359~322 Ma;孙羽等, 2014; 张雷等, 2015),该差异主要受控于地层沉积时限、采样位置及研究方法:库吉尔台组为典型的磨拉石构造,沉积时限更晚,且其剖面位置更靠近碰撞后伸展区,故能有效捕获伸展期玄武岩及碰撞期二长岩的物源信号。这一差异为将库吉尔台组主体沉积时代约束至早二叠世提供了关键年代学证据,并表明其沉积作用持续至区域构造伸展阶段。
地壳厚度可在一定程度上反映早期地球大陆演化动力的变迁(Cheng et al., 2024; Tang et al., 2024a, 2024b)。球粒陨石归一化锆石Eu异常(Eu/Eu*)能够用于重建地壳减薄与增厚的趋势(Brudner et al., 2021; Hu et al., 2024)。鉴于锆石Eu/Eu*与花岗岩全岩La/Yb无显著关联(当P含量>750 ×10–6时),且高La浓度(>1 ×10–6)可能受矿物包裹体及后期蚀变作用影响,同时Th/U<0.1的锆石常与变质过度生长或强烈分异环境相关,易干扰Eu异常的地质解释(Rubatto et al., 2000; Tang et al., 2021),为确保基于Eu异常反演地壳厚度结果的可靠性以及为了排除年龄横向误差导致的趋势异常(图8),本次分析对所有碎屑锆石微量元素数据进行了系统筛选,剔除了同时满足(P含量>750×10–6、La>1×10–6、Th/U<0.1、年龄误差>10)条件的异常数据点,最终共获取60个有效数据。本研究采用Tang et al.(2021)提出的方程:dm=(84.2 ± 9.2)×[Eu/Eu∗]锆石 +(24.5 ± 3.3)对不同时期地壳厚度开展计算,式中dm(km)代表地壳厚度,并借助Acycle软件实施数据处理及拟合(Li et al., 2019)。
根据本次基于碎屑锆石Eu/Eu*反演的结果(图8),西准噶尔地区晚古生代地壳厚度演化呈现三阶段趋势,与区域构造动力学转换高度耦合。第一阶段(早—中泥盆世)的减薄趋势,主要受控于古亚洲洋向南俯冲引发的弧后伸展作用(辜平阳等,2009),该伸展背景下的构造剥蚀与地壳拉张共同主导了此过程。第二阶段(晚泥盆世—早石炭世早期)的急剧增厚趋势,其直接驱动力是西伯利亚板块与准噶尔地块沿达尔布特带发生的弧–陆碰撞事件(李永军等,2024),强烈的水平挤压与同碰撞花岗质岩浆的大规模侵入(杨高学等,2013)共同驱动了地壳快速增厚。第三阶段(早石炭世晚期—早二叠世)的震荡与缓慢增厚趋势,反映了碰撞后复杂的构造调整,包括应力场在伸展与挤压之间的频繁交替(李永军等,2024)及最终转入陆内挤压–走滑阶段。值得指出的是,尽管本研究基于锆石Eu/Eu*的反演结果在总体增厚趋势上与An et al.(2022)基于晚古生代中性火成岩(La/Yb)n和Sr/Y值所揭示的区域地壳厚度变化曲线相一致(图8)。
(1)库吉尔台组碎屑锆石均显示岩浆成因,其年龄谱系集中于290~510 Ma,可识别出5组峰值,指示物源主要来自博什库尔–成吉斯弧、扎尔玛–萨吾尔弧及达尔布特蛇绿岩带。其中最年轻锆石年龄(~290 Ma)限定该组沉积时代不早于早二叠世。
(2)基于锆石Eu/Eu*重建的地壳厚度演变显示出西准噶尔地区地壳厚度演化与板块构造运动高度耦合,呈“早泥盆世剥蚀减薄、中晚泥盆世碰撞增厚、早石炭世晚期伸展后再增厚、石炭纪末多板块汇聚持续增厚”的阶段性特征,板块相互作用与区域性构造运动是其核心驱动因素,由此推断准噶尔–巴尔喀什洋应在晚石炭世—早二叠世闭合。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025163
  • 接收时间:2025-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20
  • 修回日期:2026-01-20
  • 录用日期:2026-01-21
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作者信息
    1长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2新疆维吾尔自治区地质研究院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000

通讯作者:

邓小华(1984−),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿床学研究。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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