Article(id=1307087509465358399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025121, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747584000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-19, revisedDate=1757347200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-09, acceptedDate=1759939200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-09, onlineDate=1789563546768, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563546768, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563546768, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563546768, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307087507837964779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563546379, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616219263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=80, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307087511218577473, articleId=1307087509465358399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of the Late Paleozoic Granites from the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Western Tianshan Orogen is located in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The widespread magmatic rocks provide a critical window for investigating regional tectonic-metallogenic dynamics. To address controversies regarding the petrogenesis, tectonic setting of granitoids, and the closure timing of the North Tianshan Ocean in the Western Tianshan region, this study focuses on the Late Paleozoic granitoids (Guozigou, Halegati, Jinghe, and Nalati plutons) located along the northern margin of the Yili Block, through integrating geochronological, whole-rock elemental, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic analyses. The studied plutons are predominantly composed of monzonitic granite and potash feldspar granite. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating reveals that these plutons were emplaced between (368.1±1.5) Ma (Late Devonian) and (301.9±2.8) Ma (Late Carboniferous). Combined with regional geochronological data, the magmatism in the northern Yili Block can be temporally subdivided into two stages, late Devonian to early Carboniferous and late Carboniferous. The studied granitoids exhibit high silica (SiO2 = 66.62%–76.08%) and total alkali (K2O+Na2O=6.72%–8.85%) contents. In terms of rare earth elements, the studied samples show LREE-rich patterns with variable negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.30–0.97). The trace element patterns of the studied rocks are characterized by enrichment in Rb and Th and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti, comparable to those of continental arc granites. The late Devonian granitoid samples show slightly enriched radiogenic isotopic signatures, with negative εNd(t) from –3.79 to –1.3 and εHf(t) from +0.3 to +5.0, indicating magma sources dominated by ancient crustal materials with mantle-derived contributions. In contrast, the Late Carboniferous granitoids show more radiogenic εNd(t) (+0.8 to +5.9) and εHf(t) (+4.1 to +15.1) values, indicative of a juvenile lower crustal origin. Integrating previous studies, we propose that the 368–307 Ma granitoids are of I-type granite and were formed associated with the northward subduction of the Northern Tianshan Ocean beneath the Yili Block, whereas later A2-type potash feldspar granites and I-type monzonitic granites in the context of post-collisional lithospheric delamination initiated at ~305 Ma. Additionally, the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous to Late Carboniferous granitoids in the Borohoro region exhibit significant potential for Cu-Mo mineralization.

, authors=Yongjing NIU1, 2, Kaixuan LI1, 2, Gaoxue YANG3, Lei MO1, 2, Hongze GAO1, 2, Qianxin WANG1, 2, Xingchun ZHANG4, Chengbiao LENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Yongjing NIU, Kaixuan LI, Gaoxue YANG, Lei MO, Hongze GAO, Qianxin WANG, Xingchun ZHANG, Chengbiao LENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengbiao LENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307087515983306840, articleId=1307087509465358399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=新疆西天山晚古生代花岗岩的岩石成因及构造意义, columnId=1307087508710380014, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

西天山造山带位于中亚造山带西南缘,其岩浆记录成为探讨区域构造演化及成矿作用的重要窗口。针对西天山地区花岗岩岩石成因及构造环境的争议问题,笔者以西天山伊犁地块北缘博罗科努和阿吾拉勒地区4处典型花岗岩体(果子沟、哈勒尕提、精河及那拉提岩体)为研究对象,开展全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析。这些岩体的主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb定年结果揭示,它们形成于(368.1±1.5) Ma(晚泥盆世)至(301.9±2.8) Ma(晚石炭世)之间。结合区域岩浆岩年代学数据,将西天山北部岩浆作用分为两期,即晚泥盆世—早石炭世和晚石炭世。本研究中花岗岩体均显示高硅(66.62%~76.08%)、富碱(6.72%~8.85%)、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损且负Eu异常显著(δEu=0.30~0.97)等特征。微量元素总体显示富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th等)而亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti等)的特征,与大陆岛弧环境下形成的花岗岩类似。晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体的εNd(t)值为−1.3~−3.8、εHf(t)值为+0.3~+5.0,暗示其源区以古老地壳熔融为主且存在地幔物质参与,而晚石炭世岩体的εNd(t)值为+0.8~+5.9、εHf(t)值为+4.1~+15.1,表明其源区主要为新生下地壳。综合前人研究,认为368~307 Ma北天山洋向伊犁地块俯冲形成了Ⅰ型花岗岩,而~305 Ma后碰撞阶段岩石圈拆沉形成A2型钾长花岗岩和I型二长花岗岩。此外,西天山伊犁地块北缘博罗科努地区的晚泥盆世—晚石炭世花岗岩类具有Cu–Mo的成矿潜力。

, authors=牛永静1, 2, 李凯旋1, 2, 杨高学3, 莫雷1, 2, 高泓泽1, 2, 王乾鑫1, 2, 张兴春4, 冷成彪1, 2, *, authorsList=牛永静, 李凯旋, 杨高学, 莫雷, 高泓泽, 王乾鑫, 张兴春, 冷成彪, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冷成彪, authorNote=

牛永静(1996−),女,硕士研究生,地质学专业。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
冷成彪(1982−),男,教授,从事矿床地球化学方面的科研与教学工作。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8k7mp4XBzMbmUK68b3PzKg==, magXml=RbnaJy/yWApl2ITy7XUZUw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ot3N0n5LUJCIqqn7PBYk1A==, pdfFileSize=5751616, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3/y4JpZemgpgMtejVVcerw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZRKUZu9vKhVnncMgXujGgw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307087516780224614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=254169732@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307087516901859433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, authorId=1307087516780224614, language=EN, stringName=Yongjing NIU, firstName=Yongjing, middleName=null, lastName=NIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1National Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration-Mining and Nuclear Remote Sensing, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
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牛永静(1996−),女,硕士研究生,地质学专业。E−mail:

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牛永静(1996−),女,硕士研究生,地质学专业。E−mail:

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a.研究区构造位置图(据Huang et al., 2020修改);b.西天山地质简图(据顾雪祥等,2014;章永梅等,2016;Huang et al., 2020;朱生强等,2024修改)

, figureFileSmall=xkC2NWv+mRdkefXm5h0MXw==, figureFileBig=3/y4JpZemgpgMtejVVcerw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087525420490911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Geological maps of the study areas, figureFileSmall=YaayPA9upCXpcXntbOvUcw==, figureFileBig=/Sky53fj29N43BXfTRk7Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087525756035232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究区地质简图

a.果子沟岩体(据赛里木湖幅L-44-XXXIV修改);b.哈勒尕提和精河岩体(据阿拉尔幅L-44-XXXVI与精河幅L-44-XXXV修改);c.那拉提岩体(据新源幅K-44-VI修改)

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a、b.果子沟钾长花岗岩;c.果子沟花岗岩;d、e.哈勒尕提花岗岩;f.哈勒尕提二长花岗岩;g、h.精河二长花岗岩;i.精河花岗岩;j、k、l.那拉提钾长花岗岩; Qz. 石英;Kfs. 钾长石;Pl. 斜长石;Bt. 黑云母;Hbl. 角闪石

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a.果子沟花岗岩(GZG-04);b.哈勒尕提花岗岩(HL-02);c.哈勒尕提二长花岗岩(HL-09);d.精河花岗岩(JH-04);e.精河二长花岗岩(JH-09);f.那拉提钾长花岗岩(NLT-08)

, figureFileSmall=Z58UvGpPbfbksD9PiKPYjA==, figureFileBig=5NUINLmn7xBPrHDOtQvXdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087526280323237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=(a) Geochemical classification diagrams of TAS, (b) K2O vs. SiO2, (c) Na2O vs. K2O, (d) A/NKC vs. A/NK of late Paleozoic granites in the Western Tianshan, figureFileSmall=rkIGoX3ECoe6d6sB23RR6w==, figureFileBig=7zl/Bimf5H7SyBoIWBOlbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087526544564390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=图5, caption=西天山晚古生代花岗岩的全碱–二氧化硅(TAS)图 (a,据Middlemost, 1994)、K2O–SiO2图(b,据Peccerillo et al.,1976)、Na2O–K2O图(c,据Middlemost,1972)和A/NKC–A/NK图(d,据Maniar et al.,1989), figureFileSmall=rkIGoX3ECoe6d6sB23RR6w==, figureFileBig=7zl/Bimf5H7SyBoIWBOlbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087526632644775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of late Paleozoic granites in the Western Tianshan, figureFileSmall=2ySJWrPYcHiFTOLstTJUfA==, figureFileBig=fvrSVhTPaZIARsaOCVZCwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087526716530856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=图6, caption=西天山晚古生代花岗岩的稀土元素配分模式图(球粒陨石标准化数据来自Sun et al., 1989), figureFileSmall=2ySJWrPYcHiFTOLstTJUfA==, figureFileBig=fvrSVhTPaZIARsaOCVZCwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087526963994793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spider diagrams of late Paleozoic granites in the Western Tianshan, figureFileSmall=49DST2yUFDLQpnG5pxZ7iw==, figureFileBig=wHDwBCcHyCe+7qZ6wuCGXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087527077241002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=图7, caption=西天山晚古生代花岗岩的微量元素蛛网图(原始地幔标准化数据来自Sun et al., 1989), figureFileSmall=49DST2yUFDLQpnG5pxZ7iw==, figureFileBig=wHDwBCcHyCe+7qZ6wuCGXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087527161127083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The whole-rock SiO2 covariation diagram of the late Paleozoic Granites in the Western Tianshan, figureFileSmall=7Sxx3ylJOdS2uFA2WlMrXw==, figureFileBig=NoqA49cpwApucCvXKBosrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087527383425196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=图8, caption=西天山晚古生代花岗岩全岩SiO2协变量图, figureFileSmall=7Sxx3ylJOdS2uFA2WlMrXw==, figureFileBig=NoqA49cpwApucCvXKBosrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087527454728365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Source discrimination plots for the late Paleozoic granites in Western Tianshan, figureFileSmall=Ymf0TwOGN53QgiRr3td65A==, figureFileBig=LjVIQ1pLHZSBslwwVOrVng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087529124061358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=图9, caption=西天山晚古生代花岗岩源区判别图

a.(87Sr/86Sr)i–εNd(t)图(据Han et al., 2011修改);b.年龄–εNd(t)图(据Huang et al., 2020修改);c.年龄–εHf(t)图(据Huang et al., 2020修改);d.Sr/Nd–Th/Yb图解(据章永梅等,2016修改)背景数据来自(Long et al., 2011;Huang et al., 2020)

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a.Y-Sr/Y图解(据章永梅等,2016修改);b.Y-Nb构造判别图(据Pearce et al., 1984修改);背景数据来源(章永梅等,2016;郝增元等,2018;Huang et al., 2020;杜開明,2021);VAG.火山弧花岗岩;syn–COLG.同碰撞花岗岩;WPG.板内花岗岩;ORG.洋中脊花岗岩;Post–COLG.后碰撞花岗岩

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图a据Meinert(1995)、冷成彪等(2020)修改,图b据Blevin等(1996)、冷成彪等(2020)修改

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Summary of MC-ICP-MS U-Pb date of zircon from the Late Paleozoic granites in the Western Tianshan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号ThUTh/U加权平均年龄(Ma,1σ)
GZG04167~730189~5270.83~1.45356.5±2.3
HL~0237~52783~3200.45~1.69368.1±1.5
HL0969~520143~7550.38~0.77301.9±2.8
JH~0445.4~396.689~4540.48~0.87307.0±2.1
JH~0970~256119~4040.47~0.87310.3±2.1
NLT~08144~1375217~13720.65~1.58305.2±2.3
), ArticleFig(id=1307087529610600628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

西天山晚古生代花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb测年结果汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号ThUTh/U加权平均年龄(Ma,1σ)
GZG04167~730189~5270.83~1.45356.5±2.3
HL~0237~52783~3200.45~1.69368.1±1.5
HL0969~520143~7550.38~0.77301.9±2.8
JH~0445.4~396.689~4540.48~0.87307.0±2.1
JH~0970~256119~4040.47~0.87310.3±2.1
NLT~08144~1375217~13720.65~1.58305.2±2.3
), ArticleFig(id=1307087529673515189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Summary of Major (%) and trace element (10−6) data for the Late Paleozoic granites in the Western Tianshan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性果子沟岩体哈勒尕提岩体精河岩体那拉提岩体
钾长花岗岩花岗岩花岗岩二长花岗岩花岗岩二长花岗岩钾长花岗岩
SiO276.68~77.19 (76.94)66.76~67.59 (67.20)72.08~73.08 (72.58)74.48~76.08 (75.41)71.83~72.09 (71.98)72.04~73.29 (72.67)66.62~67.60 (67.17)
Al2O312.54~12.55 (12.55)15.32~15.71 (15.57)13.72~14.29 (14.01)12.28~13.17 (12.77)13.31~13.57 (13.42)12.75~13.49 (13.12)13.70~14.06 (13.94)
CaO0.35~0.63 (0.49)1.90~2.23 (2.05)1.04~1.68 (1.36)0.81~1.18 (0.94)1.98~2.41 (2.19)1.06~2.29 (1.68)0.95~1.90 (1.50)
TFe2O31.09~1.24 (1.17)3.59~3.79 (3.67)2.26~2.72 (2.49)1.57~1.86 (1.70)3.09~3.36 (3.23)3.12~3.22 (3.17)5.11~6.24 (5.54)
K2O4.69~4.75 (4.72)4.11~4.17 (4.15)3.91~4.75 (4.33)4.50~4.67 (4.57)3.36~3.67 (3.51)3.49~3.52 (3.51)3.71~4.46 (4.05)
MgO0.12~0.15 (0.14)1.01~1.15 (1.08)0.60~0.63 (0.62)0.20~0.26 (0.22)0.77~0.84 (0.81)0.75~0.83 (0.79)0.90~1.08 (0.99)
Na2O3.21~3.26 (3.24)3.47~3.95 (3.64)2.86~3.58 (3.22)3.36~3.55 (3.49)3.22~3.39 (3.32)3.35~3.51 (3.43)4.39~4.75 (4.53)
P2O50.01~0.01 (0.01)0.13~0.15 (0.14)0.06~0.09 (0.08)0.02~0.04 (0.03)0.08~0.10 (0.09)0.08~0.09 (0.09)0.23~0.26 (0.25)
LOI0.62~0.83 (0.73)1.15~2.47 (2.02)1.28~1.51 (1.40)0.35~0.40 (0.38)0.71~0.84 (0.76)0.56~1.07 (0.82)0.47~0.98 (0.66)
Total99.98~100.12 (100.05)99.84~100.28 (100.02)99.78~100.92 (100.35)99.47~99.87 (99.67)99.54~99.90 (99.76)99.59~99.79 (99.69)99.28~99.78 (99.57)
A/NKC1.08~1.13 (1.11)1.02~1.15 (1.10)1.06~1.19 (1.13)1.02~1.03 (1.03)0.98~1.04 (1.01)1.00~1.11 (1.06)0.91~1.04 (0.96)
A/NK1.20~1.20 (1.20)1.40~1.54 (1.49)1.39~1.41 (1.40)1.18~1.22 (1.19)1.44~1.45 (1.45)1.33~1.45 (1.39)1.16~1.20 (1.18)
Na2O+K2O7.95~7.96 (7.96)7.63~8.06 (7.78)7.49~7.61 (7.55)7.86~8.22 (8.05)6.71~6.89 (6.83)6.84~7.03 (6.94)8.45~8.85 (8.58)
Fe2O30.59~0.67 (0.63)1.77~1.91 (1.82)1.16~1.40 (1.28)0.85~0.99 (0.91)1.53~1.67 (1.60)1.55~1.63 (1.59)2.65~3.18 (2.85)
FeO0.45~0.51 (0.48)1.63~1.69 (1.66)0.99~1.19 (1.09)0.65~0.78 (0.71)1.40~1.52 (1.47)1.41~1.43 (1.42)2.21~2.75 (2.42)
Mg#16.15~21.56 (18.86)36.27~37.81 (37.28)31.79~34.85 (33.32)20.18~21.80 (20.73)32.78~34.12 (33.40)32.46~34.08 (33.27)24.52~27.75 (26.42)
Rb221~229 (225)149~173 (158.83)179.50~232 (205.75)188.50~237 (215.17)127~145.50 (137.17)114~141 (127.50)94~124.50 (112.42)
Ba93.60~146 (119.80)610~696 (640.67)447~548 (497.50)175.50~412 (257.67)463~499 (482.67)482~511 (496.50)463~663 (587.20)
Cs6.85~7.50 (7.18)4.70~9.93 (8.03)7.46~12.60 (10.03)17.30~18.65 (18.08)8.96~9.66 (9.31)3.72~12.30 (8.01)0.72~1.33 (0.96)
Nb18.40~22.60 (20.50)21.80~23.70 (22.97)15.50~16.30 (15.90)8.70~9.40 (9.13)9.30~10.20 (9.73)8.90~9.70 (9.30)12.60~14.60 (13.64)
Ta2.80~2.90 (2.85)1.60~1.70 (1.63)1.30~1.60 (1.45)1.10~1.80 (1.40)0.70~0.90 (0.80)0.70~1.10 (0.90)0.80~0.90 (0.88)
Zr94~96 (95.00)260~326 (289.00)194~209 (201.50)133~163.00 (152)230~263.00 (241)220~224.00 (222)437~517 (478)
Hf3.60~3.80 (3.70)6.60~8.10 (7.20)5.50~5.90 (5.70)4.50~5.40 (4.83)5.90~6.90 (6.30)5.90~6.00 (5.95)10.40~11.80 (11.06)
Sr29.10~45.80 (37.45)178~292 (216.17)112.50~177.50 (145)40.90~85.70 (56.70)148~159.50 (153.67)102.50~153 (127.75)134~197.50 (167.20)
Ga14.00~14.90 (14.45)18.00~18.60 (18.30)16.70~18.00 (17.35)15.50~16.50 (16.03)16.70~17.50 (17.10)14.90~18.80 (16.85)19.00~21.70 (20.28)
Th29.30~38.40 (33.85)15.35~17.40 (16.60)24.20~33.80 (29.00)20.50~22.40 (21.63)10.85~13.50 (12.60)10.00~13.00 (11.50)7.66~10.20 (8.89)
U5.03~6.04 (5.54)3.24~3.52 (3.37)3.88~5.83 (4.86)2.28~3.48 (3.02)1.41~2.46 (2.03)2.27~2.29 (2.28)0.95~2.38 (1.58)
V5.00~5.00 (5.00)39.00~43.00 (41.33)20.00~21.00 (20.50)7.00~10.00 (8.00)37.00~40.00 (38.67)37.00~37.00 (37.00)27.00~36.00 (32.00)
Y22.20~23.20 (22.70)20.40~30.10 (24.33)19.50~19.60 (19.55)20.90~30.10 (25.53)31.50~34.90 (32.93)30.80~34.60 (32.70)43.30~72.10 (63.64)
Ti480~600 (540)3000~3120 (3060)1560~1800 (1680)900~1260 (1040)2520~2760 (2660)2520~2700 (2610)5520~5940 (5664)
La20.60~23.50 (22.05)32.10~41.80 (36.20)38.90~41.10 (40.00)7.70~22.40 (16.70)28.30~29.10 (28.80)30.00~31.10 (30.55)21.00~47.60 (28.86)
Ce44.90~49.60 (47.25)65.60~84.20 (73.30)82.60~83.20 (82.90)27.60~57.90 (45.17)62.30~64.00 (63.37)62.60~68.00 (65.30)41.60~101 (67.38)
Pr4.81~5.42 (5.12)7.40~9.22 (8.15)8.71~9.03 (8.87)2.02~5.54 (4.08)7.23~7.37 (7.30)6.74~7.16 (6.95)4.92~11.40 (8.45)
Nd16.50~18.30 (17.40)26.40~32.70 (29.17)30.40~31.60 (31.00)7.70~19.50 (14.57)27.30~27.70 (27.57)27.10~28.20 (27.65)22.90~49.50 (38.98)
Sm3.30~3.69 (3.50)5.12~6.25 (5.68)5.18~5.71 (5.45)2.19~4.33 (3.54)5.84~6.22 (5.97)5.97~6.22 (6.10)6.04~11.00 (9.40)
Eu0.20~0.27 (0.24)1.10~1.21 (1.14)0.66~0.68 (0.67)0.41~0.81 (0.55)1.02~1.15 (1.08)1.10~1.15 (1.13)2.00~2.73 (2.40)
Gd2.97~3.52 (3.25)4.47~5.68 (5.03)4.34~4.64 (4.49)2.50~4.31 (3.58)5.79~6.09 (5.90)5.23~5.54 (5.39)6.42~11.85 (10.14)
Tb0.51~0.55 (0.53)0.66~0.86 (0.75)0.62~0.66 (0.64)0.46~0.74 (0.62)0.94~0.99 (0.96)0.88~1.00 (0.94)1.13~1.96 (1.71)
Dy3.46~3.51 (3.49)3.75~5.33 (4.49)3.48~3.68 (3.58)3.24~4.89 (4.07)5.65~6.16 (5.85)5.23~5.74 (5.49)6.49~11.70 (10.10)
Ho0.73~0.75 (0.74)0.75~1.07 (0.88)0.70~0.71 (0.71)0.76~1.05 (0.90)1.19~1.24 (1.21)1.12~1.18 (1.15)1.44~2.56 (2.24)
Er2.23~2.38 (2.31)2.19~3.10 (2.59)1.91~1.96 (1.94)2.34~3.14 (2.74)3.44~3.66 (3.53)3.32~3.61 (3.47)4.39~8.27 (7.01)
Tm0.36~0.37 (0.37)0.32~0.46 (0.37)0.28~0.29 (0.29)0.38~0.46 (0.43)0.48~0.54 (0.50)0.48~0.55 (0.52)0.71~1.25 (1.06)
Yb2.63~2.77 (2.70)2.18~3.22 (2.55)1.95~2.03 (1.99)2.62~3.29 (2.98)3.15~3.58 (3.39)3.14~3.65 (3.40)4.94~8.33 (7.05)
Lu0.43~0.44 (0.44)0.33~0.49 (0.38)0.28~0.29 (0.29)0.42~0.48 (0.45)0.46~0.53 (0.49)0.50~0.52 (0.51)0.73~1.21 (1.04)
ΣREE103.92~114.78 (109.35)152.37~195.59 (170.69)182.69~182.90 (182.80)60.34~122.34 (100.37)153.37~158.14 (155.92)153.41~163.62 (158.52)124.71~265.50 (195.82)
(La/Yb)N5.05~6.07 (5.56)8.82~10.48 (9.77)13.02~14.32 (13.67)2.00~5.01 (3.71)5.50~6.10 (5.79)5.79~6.49 (6.14)1.98~4.64 (2.82)
δEu0.19~0.23 (0.21)0.61~0.68 (0.64)0.38~0.43 (0.41)0.30~0.58 (0.47)0.52~0.59 (0.55)0.58~0.59 (0.59)0.61~0.97 (0.77)
TZr/°C710~719 (715)781~795 (787)753~790 (772)731~751 (740)752~759 (755)742~787 (765)805~870 (830)
), ArticleFig(id=1307087529753206966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

西天山晚古生代花岗岩体的主量元素(%)和微量元素(10−6)分析结果汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性果子沟岩体哈勒尕提岩体精河岩体那拉提岩体
钾长花岗岩花岗岩花岗岩二长花岗岩花岗岩二长花岗岩钾长花岗岩
SiO276.68~77.19 (76.94)66.76~67.59 (67.20)72.08~73.08 (72.58)74.48~76.08 (75.41)71.83~72.09 (71.98)72.04~73.29 (72.67)66.62~67.60 (67.17)
Al2O312.54~12.55 (12.55)15.32~15.71 (15.57)13.72~14.29 (14.01)12.28~13.17 (12.77)13.31~13.57 (13.42)12.75~13.49 (13.12)13.70~14.06 (13.94)
CaO0.35~0.63 (0.49)1.90~2.23 (2.05)1.04~1.68 (1.36)0.81~1.18 (0.94)1.98~2.41 (2.19)1.06~2.29 (1.68)0.95~1.90 (1.50)
TFe2O31.09~1.24 (1.17)3.59~3.79 (3.67)2.26~2.72 (2.49)1.57~1.86 (1.70)3.09~3.36 (3.23)3.12~3.22 (3.17)5.11~6.24 (5.54)
K2O4.69~4.75 (4.72)4.11~4.17 (4.15)3.91~4.75 (4.33)4.50~4.67 (4.57)3.36~3.67 (3.51)3.49~3.52 (3.51)3.71~4.46 (4.05)
MgO0.12~0.15 (0.14)1.01~1.15 (1.08)0.60~0.63 (0.62)0.20~0.26 (0.22)0.77~0.84 (0.81)0.75~0.83 (0.79)0.90~1.08 (0.99)
Na2O3.21~3.26 (3.24)3.47~3.95 (3.64)2.86~3.58 (3.22)3.36~3.55 (3.49)3.22~3.39 (3.32)3.35~3.51 (3.43)4.39~4.75 (4.53)
P2O50.01~0.01 (0.01)0.13~0.15 (0.14)0.06~0.09 (0.08)0.02~0.04 (0.03)0.08~0.10 (0.09)0.08~0.09 (0.09)0.23~0.26 (0.25)
LOI0.62~0.83 (0.73)1.15~2.47 (2.02)1.28~1.51 (1.40)0.35~0.40 (0.38)0.71~0.84 (0.76)0.56~1.07 (0.82)0.47~0.98 (0.66)
Total99.98~100.12 (100.05)99.84~100.28 (100.02)99.78~100.92 (100.35)99.47~99.87 (99.67)99.54~99.90 (99.76)99.59~99.79 (99.69)99.28~99.78 (99.57)
A/NKC1.08~1.13 (1.11)1.02~1.15 (1.10)1.06~1.19 (1.13)1.02~1.03 (1.03)0.98~1.04 (1.01)1.00~1.11 (1.06)0.91~1.04 (0.96)
A/NK1.20~1.20 (1.20)1.40~1.54 (1.49)1.39~1.41 (1.40)1.18~1.22 (1.19)1.44~1.45 (1.45)1.33~1.45 (1.39)1.16~1.20 (1.18)
Na2O+K2O7.95~7.96 (7.96)7.63~8.06 (7.78)7.49~7.61 (7.55)7.86~8.22 (8.05)6.71~6.89 (6.83)6.84~7.03 (6.94)8.45~8.85 (8.58)
Fe2O30.59~0.67 (0.63)1.77~1.91 (1.82)1.16~1.40 (1.28)0.85~0.99 (0.91)1.53~1.67 (1.60)1.55~1.63 (1.59)2.65~3.18 (2.85)
FeO0.45~0.51 (0.48)1.63~1.69 (1.66)0.99~1.19 (1.09)0.65~0.78 (0.71)1.40~1.52 (1.47)1.41~1.43 (1.42)2.21~2.75 (2.42)
Mg#16.15~21.56 (18.86)36.27~37.81 (37.28)31.79~34.85 (33.32)20.18~21.80 (20.73)32.78~34.12 (33.40)32.46~34.08 (33.27)24.52~27.75 (26.42)
Rb221~229 (225)149~173 (158.83)179.50~232 (205.75)188.50~237 (215.17)127~145.50 (137.17)114~141 (127.50)94~124.50 (112.42)
Ba93.60~146 (119.80)610~696 (640.67)447~548 (497.50)175.50~412 (257.67)463~499 (482.67)482~511 (496.50)463~663 (587.20)
Cs6.85~7.50 (7.18)4.70~9.93 (8.03)7.46~12.60 (10.03)17.30~18.65 (18.08)8.96~9.66 (9.31)3.72~12.30 (8.01)0.72~1.33 (0.96)
Nb18.40~22.60 (20.50)21.80~23.70 (22.97)15.50~16.30 (15.90)8.70~9.40 (9.13)9.30~10.20 (9.73)8.90~9.70 (9.30)12.60~14.60 (13.64)
Ta2.80~2.90 (2.85)1.60~1.70 (1.63)1.30~1.60 (1.45)1.10~1.80 (1.40)0.70~0.90 (0.80)0.70~1.10 (0.90)0.80~0.90 (0.88)
Zr94~96 (95.00)260~326 (289.00)194~209 (201.50)133~163.00 (152)230~263.00 (241)220~224.00 (222)437~517 (478)
Hf3.60~3.80 (3.70)6.60~8.10 (7.20)5.50~5.90 (5.70)4.50~5.40 (4.83)5.90~6.90 (6.30)5.90~6.00 (5.95)10.40~11.80 (11.06)
Sr29.10~45.80 (37.45)178~292 (216.17)112.50~177.50 (145)40.90~85.70 (56.70)148~159.50 (153.67)102.50~153 (127.75)134~197.50 (167.20)
Ga14.00~14.90 (14.45)18.00~18.60 (18.30)16.70~18.00 (17.35)15.50~16.50 (16.03)16.70~17.50 (17.10)14.90~18.80 (16.85)19.00~21.70 (20.28)
Th29.30~38.40 (33.85)15.35~17.40 (16.60)24.20~33.80 (29.00)20.50~22.40 (21.63)10.85~13.50 (12.60)10.00~13.00 (11.50)7.66~10.20 (8.89)
U5.03~6.04 (5.54)3.24~3.52 (3.37)3.88~5.83 (4.86)2.28~3.48 (3.02)1.41~2.46 (2.03)2.27~2.29 (2.28)0.95~2.38 (1.58)
V5.00~5.00 (5.00)39.00~43.00 (41.33)20.00~21.00 (20.50)7.00~10.00 (8.00)37.00~40.00 (38.67)37.00~37.00 (37.00)27.00~36.00 (32.00)
Y22.20~23.20 (22.70)20.40~30.10 (24.33)19.50~19.60 (19.55)20.90~30.10 (25.53)31.50~34.90 (32.93)30.80~34.60 (32.70)43.30~72.10 (63.64)
Ti480~600 (540)3000~3120 (3060)1560~1800 (1680)900~1260 (1040)2520~2760 (2660)2520~2700 (2610)5520~5940 (5664)
La20.60~23.50 (22.05)32.10~41.80 (36.20)38.90~41.10 (40.00)7.70~22.40 (16.70)28.30~29.10 (28.80)30.00~31.10 (30.55)21.00~47.60 (28.86)
Ce44.90~49.60 (47.25)65.60~84.20 (73.30)82.60~83.20 (82.90)27.60~57.90 (45.17)62.30~64.00 (63.37)62.60~68.00 (65.30)41.60~101 (67.38)
Pr4.81~5.42 (5.12)7.40~9.22 (8.15)8.71~9.03 (8.87)2.02~5.54 (4.08)7.23~7.37 (7.30)6.74~7.16 (6.95)4.92~11.40 (8.45)
Nd16.50~18.30 (17.40)26.40~32.70 (29.17)30.40~31.60 (31.00)7.70~19.50 (14.57)27.30~27.70 (27.57)27.10~28.20 (27.65)22.90~49.50 (38.98)
Sm3.30~3.69 (3.50)5.12~6.25 (5.68)5.18~5.71 (5.45)2.19~4.33 (3.54)5.84~6.22 (5.97)5.97~6.22 (6.10)6.04~11.00 (9.40)
Eu0.20~0.27 (0.24)1.10~1.21 (1.14)0.66~0.68 (0.67)0.41~0.81 (0.55)1.02~1.15 (1.08)1.10~1.15 (1.13)2.00~2.73 (2.40)
Gd2.97~3.52 (3.25)4.47~5.68 (5.03)4.34~4.64 (4.49)2.50~4.31 (3.58)5.79~6.09 (5.90)5.23~5.54 (5.39)6.42~11.85 (10.14)
Tb0.51~0.55 (0.53)0.66~0.86 (0.75)0.62~0.66 (0.64)0.46~0.74 (0.62)0.94~0.99 (0.96)0.88~1.00 (0.94)1.13~1.96 (1.71)
Dy3.46~3.51 (3.49)3.75~5.33 (4.49)3.48~3.68 (3.58)3.24~4.89 (4.07)5.65~6.16 (5.85)5.23~5.74 (5.49)6.49~11.70 (10.10)
Ho0.73~0.75 (0.74)0.75~1.07 (0.88)0.70~0.71 (0.71)0.76~1.05 (0.90)1.19~1.24 (1.21)1.12~1.18 (1.15)1.44~2.56 (2.24)
Er2.23~2.38 (2.31)2.19~3.10 (2.59)1.91~1.96 (1.94)2.34~3.14 (2.74)3.44~3.66 (3.53)3.32~3.61 (3.47)4.39~8.27 (7.01)
Tm0.36~0.37 (0.37)0.32~0.46 (0.37)0.28~0.29 (0.29)0.38~0.46 (0.43)0.48~0.54 (0.50)0.48~0.55 (0.52)0.71~1.25 (1.06)
Yb2.63~2.77 (2.70)2.18~3.22 (2.55)1.95~2.03 (1.99)2.62~3.29 (2.98)3.15~3.58 (3.39)3.14~3.65 (3.40)4.94~8.33 (7.05)
Lu0.43~0.44 (0.44)0.33~0.49 (0.38)0.28~0.29 (0.29)0.42~0.48 (0.45)0.46~0.53 (0.49)0.50~0.52 (0.51)0.73~1.21 (1.04)
ΣREE103.92~114.78 (109.35)152.37~195.59 (170.69)182.69~182.90 (182.80)60.34~122.34 (100.37)153.37~158.14 (155.92)153.41~163.62 (158.52)124.71~265.50 (195.82)
(La/Yb)N5.05~6.07 (5.56)8.82~10.48 (9.77)13.02~14.32 (13.67)2.00~5.01 (3.71)5.50~6.10 (5.79)5.79~6.49 (6.14)1.98~4.64 (2.82)
δEu0.19~0.23 (0.21)0.61~0.68 (0.64)0.38~0.43 (0.41)0.30~0.58 (0.47)0.52~0.59 (0.55)0.58~0.59 (0.59)0.61~0.97 (0.77)
TZr/°C710~719 (715)781~795 (787)753~790 (772)731~751 (740)752~759 (755)742~787 (765)805~870 (830)
), ArticleFig(id=1307087529900007607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Sr and Nd isotope compositions of the Late Paleozoic granites in the Western Tianshan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原始
样号
t(Ma)Rb(10−6)Sr(10−6)87Rb/86Sr87Sr/86Sr(87Sr/86Sr)iSm(10−6)Nd(10−6)147Sm/144Nd143Nd/144NdεNd(0)εNd(t)TDMT2DM
GZG-0135722145.813.962520.7772460.706283.6918.30.1218310.512395−4.74−1.3312551219
GZG-02357173.02921.7143530.7159800.707276.2532.70.1154830.512380−5.03−1.3311971219
GZG-05357154.5178.52.5045360.7193760.706655.6728.40.1206280.512385−4.94−1.4712551230
HL-01368179.5177.52.9261940.7246140.709285.7131.60.1091770.512233−7.9−3.7913381428
HL-02368232112.55.9672260.7407840.709525.1830.40.1029530.512233−7.9−3.512631404
HL-1030222040.915.564540.7718860.7054.3319.50.1341640.512555−1.620.811431001
JH-05307139.0153.52.6202540.7177230.706285.8427.70.1273850.512515−2.40.3211241044
JH-06307127.0148.02.4830130.7170940.706255.8427.30.1292510.512520−2.30.3411401042
JH-07307145.5159.52.6396070.7178250.706186.2227.70.1356730.512540−1.910.5111941031
NLT-04305124.5167.52.1507580.7142020.704879.2637.20.1504010.5128524.175.99722581
NLT-06305113.5144.52.272820.7150960.705239.6937.40.1565440.5128594.315.87781589
NLT-0730594.1134.02.0319910.7140840.7052611.0047.90.1387530.5128203.555.81675595
), ArticleFig(id=1307087529992282296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

西天山晚古生代花岗岩体的Sr-Nd同位素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原始
样号
t(Ma)Rb(10−6)Sr(10−6)87Rb/86Sr87Sr/86Sr(87Sr/86Sr)iSm(10−6)Nd(10−6)147Sm/144Nd143Nd/144NdεNd(0)εNd(t)TDMT2DM
GZG-0135722145.813.962520.7772460.706283.6918.30.1218310.512395−4.74−1.3312551219
GZG-02357173.02921.7143530.7159800.707276.2532.70.1154830.512380−5.03−1.3311971219
GZG-05357154.5178.52.5045360.7193760.706655.6728.40.1206280.512385−4.94−1.4712551230
HL-01368179.5177.52.9261940.7246140.709285.7131.60.1091770.512233−7.9−3.7913381428
HL-02368232112.55.9672260.7407840.709525.1830.40.1029530.512233−7.9−3.512631404
HL-1030222040.915.564540.7718860.7054.3319.50.1341640.512555−1.620.811431001
JH-05307139.0153.52.6202540.7177230.706285.8427.70.1273850.512515−2.40.3211241044
JH-06307127.0148.02.4830130.7170940.706255.8427.30.1292510.512520−2.30.3411401042
JH-07307145.5159.52.6396070.7178250.706186.2227.70.1356730.512540−1.910.5111941031
NLT-04305124.5167.52.1507580.7142020.704879.2637.20.1504010.5128524.175.99722581
NLT-06305113.5144.52.272820.7150960.705239.6937.40.1565440.5128594.315.87781589
NLT-0730594.1134.02.0319910.7140840.7052611.0047.90.1387530.5128203.555.81675595
), ArticleFig(id=1307087530088751289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Hf isotope data of zircon from the Late Paleozoic granites in the Western Tianshan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号t(Ma)176Hf/177Hf2σεHf(0)εHf(t)tDM(Ma)tDM2(Ma)fLu/Hf
GZG-043570.282641-0.2827020.000017-0.000024−2.50~−4.62.80~5.00789~8821039~1180−0.93~−0.97
HL-023680.282556-0.2826640.000016-0.000029−3.82~−7.640.30~4.10826~9801106~1351−0.96~0.99
HL-093020.282706-0.2828110.000019-0.000039−2.34~1.414.10~7.80635~785825~1060−0.89~−0.98
JH-093100.282723-0.2827770.000016-0.000036−1.74~0.164.70~6.60679~755895~1016−0.93~0.97
NLT-083050.282828-0.2830270.000015-0.000031.99~9.018.20~15.10341~623358~795− 0.9~0.97
), ArticleFig(id=1307087530164248762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087509465358399, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

西天山晚古生代花岗岩体的锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号t(Ma)176Hf/177Hf2σεHf(0)εHf(t)tDM(Ma)tDM2(Ma)fLu/Hf
GZG-043570.282641-0.2827020.000017-0.000024−2.50~−4.62.80~5.00789~8821039~1180−0.93~−0.97
HL-023680.282556-0.2826640.000016-0.000029−3.82~−7.640.30~4.10826~9801106~1351−0.96~0.99
HL-093020.282706-0.2828110.000019-0.000039−2.34~1.414.10~7.80635~785825~1060−0.89~−0.98
JH-093100.282723-0.2827770.000016-0.000036−1.74~0.164.70~6.60679~755895~1016−0.93~0.97
NLT-083050.282828-0.2830270.000015-0.000031.99~9.018.20~15.10341~623358~795− 0.9~0.97
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新疆西天山晚古生代花岗岩的岩石成因及构造意义
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牛永静 1, 2 , 李凯旋 1, 2 , 杨高学 3 , 莫雷 1, 2 , 高泓泽 1, 2 , 王乾鑫 1, 2 , 张兴春 4 , 冷成彪 1, 2, *
西北地质 | 中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026,59(3): 80-103
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西北地质 |中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026 , 59 (3) : 80 -103
新疆西天山晚古生代花岗岩的岩石成因及构造意义
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牛永静1, 2 , 李凯旋1, 2, 杨高学3, 莫雷1, 2, 高泓泽1, 2, 王乾鑫1, 2, 张兴春4, 冷成彪1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1东华理工大学,铀资源探采与核遥感全国重点实验室,江西 南昌 330013
  • 2东华理工大学地球与行星科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 3长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 4中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵州 贵阳 550018
通讯作者:
冷成彪(1982−),男,教授,从事矿床地球化学方面的科研与教学工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

牛永静(1996−),女,硕士研究生,地质学专业。E−mail:

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of the Late Paleozoic Granites from the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang
Yongjing NIU1, 2 , Kaixuan LI1, 2, Gaoxue YANG3, Lei MO1, 2, Hongze GAO1, 2, Qianxin WANG1, 2, Xingchun ZHANG4, Chengbiao LENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1National Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration-Mining and Nuclear Remote Sensing, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
  • 2School of Earth and planetary Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
  • 3School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • 4Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025121
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西天山造山带位于中亚造山带西南缘,其岩浆记录成为探讨区域构造演化及成矿作用的重要窗口。针对西天山地区花岗岩岩石成因及构造环境的争议问题,笔者以西天山伊犁地块北缘博罗科努和阿吾拉勒地区4处典型花岗岩体(果子沟、哈勒尕提、精河及那拉提岩体)为研究对象,开展全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析。这些岩体的主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb定年结果揭示,它们形成于(368.1±1.5) Ma(晚泥盆世)至(301.9±2.8) Ma(晚石炭世)之间。结合区域岩浆岩年代学数据,将西天山北部岩浆作用分为两期,即晚泥盆世—早石炭世和晚石炭世。本研究中花岗岩体均显示高硅(66.62%~76.08%)、富碱(6.72%~8.85%)、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损且负Eu异常显著(δEu=0.30~0.97)等特征。微量元素总体显示富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th等)而亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti等)的特征,与大陆岛弧环境下形成的花岗岩类似。晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体的εNd(t)值为−1.3~−3.8、εHf(t)值为+0.3~+5.0,暗示其源区以古老地壳熔融为主且存在地幔物质参与,而晚石炭世岩体的εNd(t)值为+0.8~+5.9、εHf(t)值为+4.1~+15.1,表明其源区主要为新生下地壳。综合前人研究,认为368~307 Ma北天山洋向伊犁地块俯冲形成了Ⅰ型花岗岩,而~305 Ma后碰撞阶段岩石圈拆沉形成A2型钾长花岗岩和I型二长花岗岩。此外,西天山伊犁地块北缘博罗科努地区的晚泥盆世—晚石炭世花岗岩类具有Cu–Mo的成矿潜力。

花岗岩  /  地球化学  /  岩石成因  /  构造意义  /  西天山

The Western Tianshan Orogen is located in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The widespread magmatic rocks provide a critical window for investigating regional tectonic-metallogenic dynamics. To address controversies regarding the petrogenesis, tectonic setting of granitoids, and the closure timing of the North Tianshan Ocean in the Western Tianshan region, this study focuses on the Late Paleozoic granitoids (Guozigou, Halegati, Jinghe, and Nalati plutons) located along the northern margin of the Yili Block, through integrating geochronological, whole-rock elemental, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic analyses. The studied plutons are predominantly composed of monzonitic granite and potash feldspar granite. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating reveals that these plutons were emplaced between (368.1±1.5) Ma (Late Devonian) and (301.9±2.8) Ma (Late Carboniferous). Combined with regional geochronological data, the magmatism in the northern Yili Block can be temporally subdivided into two stages, late Devonian to early Carboniferous and late Carboniferous. The studied granitoids exhibit high silica (SiO2 = 66.62%–76.08%) and total alkali (K2O+Na2O=6.72%–8.85%) contents. In terms of rare earth elements, the studied samples show LREE-rich patterns with variable negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.30–0.97). The trace element patterns of the studied rocks are characterized by enrichment in Rb and Th and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti, comparable to those of continental arc granites. The late Devonian granitoid samples show slightly enriched radiogenic isotopic signatures, with negative εNd(t) from –3.79 to –1.3 and εHf(t) from +0.3 to +5.0, indicating magma sources dominated by ancient crustal materials with mantle-derived contributions. In contrast, the Late Carboniferous granitoids show more radiogenic εNd(t) (+0.8 to +5.9) and εHf(t) (+4.1 to +15.1) values, indicative of a juvenile lower crustal origin. Integrating previous studies, we propose that the 368–307 Ma granitoids are of I-type granite and were formed associated with the northward subduction of the Northern Tianshan Ocean beneath the Yili Block, whereas later A2-type potash feldspar granites and I-type monzonitic granites in the context of post-collisional lithospheric delamination initiated at ~305 Ma. Additionally, the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous to Late Carboniferous granitoids in the Borohoro region exhibit significant potential for Cu-Mo mineralization.

Granite  /  geochemistry  /  petrogenesis  /  tectonic significance  /  Western Tianshan
牛永静, 李凯旋, 杨高学, 莫雷, 高泓泽, 王乾鑫, 张兴春, 冷成彪. 新疆西天山晚古生代花岗岩的岩石成因及构造意义. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 80 -103 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025121
Yongjing NIU, Kaixuan LI, Gaoxue YANG, Lei MO, Hongze GAO, Qianxin WANG, Xingchun ZHANG, Chengbiao LENG. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of the Late Paleozoic Granites from the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 80 -103 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025121
中亚造山带位于西伯利亚板块、塔里木板块、华北板块和东欧板块之间,是全球规模最大、最典型的显生宙增生型造山带之一。它由多期岛弧、微陆块、增生杂岩、蛇绿混杂岩等构造块体拼贴而成,记录了新元古代—中生代古亚洲洋的长期俯冲–增生演化过程(Yin et al., 2017;杨高学等,2021)。天山造山带位于中亚造山带的西南部,是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,以88°E为界可将其分为东天山造山带和西天山造山带(李锦轶等,2006;朱志新等,2012)。西天山造山带由前寒武纪微陆块结晶基底、古生代洋壳残片与陆缘弧相互拼贴增生而成,具有独特的构造特征和复杂的成矿规律,备受地质学界关注(李锦轶等,2006;Xiao et al., 2010;朱志新等,2013;王宗秀等,2017)。
西天山造山带内发育多期多类型的岩浆岩,其中尤以晚古生代花岗岩规模最大、分布最广,且与成矿关系最密切(顾雪祥等,2014)。岩浆岩主要由早石炭世(~344 Ma)I型花岗岩和晚石炭世—早二叠世(311~294 Ma)A型花岗岩组成(Han et al., 2010;Tao et al., 2022),是西天山古生代洋–陆转化及洋盆闭合后裂谷拉伸的重要地质记录(夏林圻等,2002;张连昌等,2022)。已有研究表明,西天山北部晚古生代的岩浆活动大致可分为中晚泥盆世—早石炭世、晚石炭世和早中二叠世3期,对应于北天山洋的俯冲消减、洋盆闭合和陆内伸展过程(安芳等,2008;Gao et al., 2009;Tang et al., 2010;顾雪祥等,2013,2014;薛春纪等,2014;Huang et al., 2020;Chen et al., 2021)。北天山洋在晚奥陶世前开始向伊犁–中天山板块俯冲消减(胡霭琴等,2008;Xiao et al., 2008;王勇,2019),大规模洋陆俯冲作用集中发生于泥盆纪—早石炭世,一系列中酸性岩体侵入以及火山喷发形成了博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带(Wang et al., 2007;Zhu et al., 2009;张力强,2014;顾雪祥等,2016;Xie et al., 2022)。北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩(344 Ma)和斜长花岗岩(325 Ma)的年龄表明早石炭世仍发育洋盆(徐学义等,2006a,2006b)。北天山洋最终闭合时限仍存在争议,前人提出了早石炭世(李永军等,2010;Xia et al., 2012)、晚石炭世(Windley et al., 1990;Wang et al., 2006)或早二叠世(王新利等,2013;Xiao et al., 2013, 2014;Li et al., 2015)闭合的不同观点。相应地,关于西天山北部石炭纪的构造环境也存在岛弧(Han et al.,2011;李永军等,2012)、后碰撞(韩宝福等,2004;王京彬等,2006;Gao et al., 2011)、裂谷(Xia et al.,2008)或者与地幔柱有关(Zhu et al., 2009;Xia et al., 2012)的不同认识。关于西天山石炭纪—二叠纪花岗岩类的成因,主要有壳幔混合形成(肖文交等,2008;Long et al., 2011)和洋壳沉积物交代地幔楔参与部分熔融形成(Zhang et al., 2010)两种观点。
针对上述争议问题,笔者选择博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带和阿吾拉勒晚石炭世—二叠世裂谷带晚古生代花岗岩类(果子沟岩体、精河岩体、哈勒尕提岩体、那拉提岩体)作为研究对象,在岩相学观察的基础上,对各地区花岗岩开展锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等分析,查明这些花岗岩的成岩时代、地球化学特征及差异,以探讨它们的岩石成因、源区特征、构造意义,并为区域矿产资源评价及找矿勘查提供参考。
西天山位于中亚造山带的西南缘(图1a),夹于准噶尔地块和塔里木板块之间,被北天山断裂带、那拉提北缘断裂带和中天山南缘断裂带3条深断裂带分为4个构造单元,由北向南依次为北天山增生杂岩带、哈萨克–伊犁地块、中天山弧地体和南天山增生杂岩带(图1b;左国朝等,2008;Long et al., 2011;Gao et al., 2015;章永梅等,2016;张京渤等,2019;Huang et al., 2020;李丽娟等,2024)。区内地层从志留系至二叠系均有发育,其中志留系、泥盆系和石炭系的地层出露最为广泛。
研究区位于西天山造山带北部,处于伊犁地块北缘与北天山断裂带之间(图1b)。伊犁地块北缘由南向北依次划分为阿吾拉勒晚石炭世—二叠世裂谷带、博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带、阿拉套汗吉尕晚古生代陆缘盆地、依连哈比尔尕晚古生代弧前海沟带等构造单元(顾雪祥等,2013,2014;章永梅等,2016)。笔者研究对象果子沟岩体、哈勒尕提岩体、精河岩体位于伊犁地块北缘博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带内,而那拉提岩体则位于阿吾拉勒晚石炭世—二叠世裂谷带内(图1b)。区内发育大量火山岩和侵入岩,形成时代主要为加里东期和华力西期(李伍平等,1995;Wang et al., 2007;龙灵利等,2008)。加里东期侵入岩主要分布于温泉县城南部,岩性为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,主要侵入志留纪、奥陶纪和石炭纪地层。华力西期主要分3期,早期侵入岩分布在伊连哈比尔尕弧前海沟带和博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带(冷成彪等,2006),岩性主要为花岗斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩和闪长玢岩等,主要侵入到石炭系、志留系中。华力西中期花岗岩主要分布于阿拉套汗吉尕晚古生代陆盆地和博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带,岩性为二长花岗岩、花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗斑岩和流纹斑岩等,主要侵入泥盆纪—石炭纪地层。华力西晚期花岗岩主要分布于伊犁地块北缘及阿吾拉勒晚石炭世—二叠世裂谷带,岩性为闪长玢岩、二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩和流纹斑岩等(张东阳,2011;韩继全等,2016;张伟等,2017;郝增元等,2018;黄河等,2024),主要侵入石炭纪—二叠纪地层(张连昌等,2022)。
果子沟岩体位于赛里木湖南部(图2a),呈NW向展布,岩体主要侵入上奥陶统呼独克达坂组(O3h)、下志留统尼勒克河组(S1n)之中。果子沟岩体主要为钾长花岗岩和花岗岩。钾长花岗岩的主要矿物有石英(40%~50%)、钾长石(30%~40%)、斜长石(5%~10%),钾长石呈板状,发生泥化(图3a),斜长石绢云母化(图3a、图3b),含少量黑云母,呈片状,多色性明显,轻微绿泥石化(图3a、图3b)。花岗岩主要矿物为石英(45%~50%)、钾长石(20%~30%)、斜长石(10%~20%),次要矿物为黑云母(3%~6%),钾长石呈板状轻微泥化,斜长石局部被绢云母化,黑云母呈片状,多色性明显,轻微绿泥石化(图3c)。
哈勒尕提岩体位于博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带(图2b),整体呈NW向展布。岩体主要侵入上志留统库茹尔组(S3k)和博罗霍洛山组(S3b)以及石炭系的东图津河群(C2dn)和大哈拉军山组(C1d)中。哈勒尕提岩体主要由花岗岩和二长花岗岩构成。花岗岩的主要矿物包括石英(30%~40%)、钾长石(20%~30%)、斜长石(15%~20%),其中钾长石呈板柱状,泥化(图3d),斜长石绢云母化(图3e),次要矿物为黑云母(2%~5%),呈片状,一组极完全解理(图3e)。二长花岗岩主要由石英(40%~50%)、钾长石(15%~20%)和斜长石(25%~35%)组成,其中石英表面较干净,钾长石无明显蚀变,斜长石可见绢云母化(图3f);次要矿物为黑云母(1%~2%),片状,具一组极完全解理,偏光镜下观察到强多色性(图3f)。花岗岩与二长花岗岩相比,钾长石含量增多,黑云母含量相对增多但自形程度低。二长花岗岩呈细脉状穿插在岩体内部,与花岗岩呈侵入接触关系(姜寒冰等,2014)。
精河岩体位于精河县附近,构造位置处于博罗科努晚古生代岛弧带内(图2b)。岩体主要侵入石炭系东图津河群(C2dn)、阿克沙克组(C1a)以及泥盆系汗吉尕组(D2h)。精河岩体岩性主要为二长花岗岩和花岗岩。二长花岗岩的主要造岩矿物为石英(35%~40%)、钾长石(30%~35%)、斜长石(25%~30%);次要矿物为黑云母(2%~3%)、角闪石(1%~2%),钾长石发生泥化(图3g),斜长石发育卡纳复合双晶且绢云母化(图3h),黑云母局部绿泥石化(图3h),角闪石发育菱形解理(图3h)。花岗岩主要造岩矿物为石英(40%~60%)、钾长石(15%~20%)、斜长石(25%~30%),其中钾长石与斜长石均呈板柱状(图3i);次要矿物为黑云母(5%~8%)和角闪石(3%~5%),其中黑云母呈片状,绿泥石化,一组极完全解理,角闪石自形程度较好,呈现两组解理(图3i)。
那拉提岩体分布于阿吾拉勒晚石炭世—二叠世裂谷带南坡(左国朝等,2008;朱志新等,2013),主要侵入泥盆系坎苏组(D2–3k)和石炭系大哈拉军山组(C1d)地层。岩体与围岩之间呈不规则侵入接触,岩体长轴与构造线走向大体一致(图2c)。岩性为钾长花岗岩,主要矿物为石英(40%~45%)、钾长石(30%~40%)、斜长石(20%~25%),其中钾长石呈板状,斜长石发育聚片双晶(图3j、图3k);次要矿物为黑云母(2%~3%),角闪石(1%~2%),其中黑云母呈片状,一组极完全解理(图3k、图3l),角闪石发育菱形解理(图3j),充填于钾长石晶隙之间(图3k)。
本研究共采集了果子沟花岗岩4件、钾长花岗岩2件,哈勒尕提花岗岩5件、二长花岗岩样品8件,精河岩体花岗岩4件、二长花岗岩3件,那拉提钾长花岗岩5件(图2)。其中,对果子沟花岗岩(GZG-04)、精河花岗岩(JH-04)、二长花岗岩(JH-09)、哈勒尕提花岗岩(HL-02)、二长花岗岩(HL-09)、那拉提钾长花岗岩(NLT-08)共6件样品开展了锆石U–Pb年代学研究;除JH-04之外的其余5件样品同时开展了锆石Hf同位素分析。此外,还对部分样品开展了全岩主微量元素与Sr-Nd同位素分析。
样品前处理、制靶、阴极发光(CL)图像采集均在河北省廊坊区域地质矿产调查研究所完成。样品经严格破碎、重液分离和磁选后,在双目镜下挑选出晶型完好、无裂隙且干净透明的锆石晶体,将其粘贴制成环氧树脂样品靶并抛光打磨使锆石露出中心后,结合透射光、反射光完成锆石阴极发光(CL)图像的采集。锆石U–Pb同位素定年在中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室利用LA-ICP-MS分析完成,分析用激光剥蚀系统为GeoLas2005,等离子体质谱仪为Agilent7500a,激光能量为70 mJ,频率8 Hz,实验分析所采用激光束斑直径32 μm,激光剥蚀过程中采用氦气作载体,氩气为补偿气以调节灵敏度,每个分析数据包括大约20~30 s的空白信号和50的样品信号。采用国际标准锆石91500做外标进行同位素质量分馏校正,每隔6个数据点测试两个91500标样;具体分析条件及流程详见文献(Liu et al., 2010)。锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图的绘制和加权平均年龄的计算则采用Isoplot软件完成。
全岩主微量元素分析在澳实分析检测(广州)有限公司完成。将样品严格破碎后缩分出300 g,再研磨至75 μm(200目)以下的粉末样。将烘干(105 ℃)后的试样精确称量,置入铂金坩锅,加入四硼酸锂–偏硼酸锂–硝酸锂混合熔剂充分混匀,于高精密熔样机1 050 ℃熔融,熔浆倒入铂金模,冷却形成熔片,经质量检验合格后,再用ME-XRF26X荧光光谱仪测定主量元素组成。同时精确称取另一份干燥后的试样,马弗炉 1000°C有氧灼烧,冷却后再精确称重,试样灼烧前、灼烧后的重量差即是烧失量(LOI)。全岩微量元素利用Agilent7700e ICP-MS分析完成。将200目样品置于105 ℃烘箱中烘干12 h,精确称取粉末样品50 mg置于Teflon溶样弹中,先后依次缓慢加入1 ml高纯HNO3和1 ml高纯HF,将Teflon溶样弹放入钢套,拧紧后置于190 ℃烘箱中加热24 h以上,待溶样弹冷却,开盖后置于140 ℃电热板上蒸干,然后加入1 ml HNO3并再次蒸干,加入1 ml高纯HNO3、1 ml MQ水和1 ml内标In(浓度为1×10−6),再次将Teflon溶样弹放入钢套,拧紧后置于190 ℃烘箱中加热12 h以上,将溶液转入聚乙烯料瓶中,并用2%HNO3稀释至100 g以备ICP-MS测试。
全岩Sr-Nd同位素测试前处理及分析在武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司完成,采用的仪器为美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司的MC-ICP-MS(Neptune Plus)。分析过程中,采用86Sr/88Sr=0.1194和156Nd/144Nd=0.7219对Sr和Nd同位素比值进行质量分馏校正,并使用NBS987和JNdi作为标样,标样测定的结果分别为87Sr/86Sr=0.710248±0.000011(2SD)和143Nd/144Nd=0.512113±0.000009(2SD)。
锆石微区原位Hf同位素分析在武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司利用激光剥蚀多接收杯等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)完成。激光剥蚀系统为GeoLasPro HD,MC-ICP-MS为Neptune Plus,分析过程同时配备了信号平滑装置以提高信号稳定性和同位素比值测试精密度(Hu et al., 2015)。载气使用氦气,并在剥蚀池之后引入少量氮气以提高Hf元素灵敏度(Hu et al., 2012)。分析采用Neptune Plus新设计高性能锥组合。91500、GJ-1、TEM3个国际锆石标准与实际样品同时分析,91500的标准推荐值0.282308,GJ-1的标准推荐值0.282013,TEM的标准推荐值0.282677。
果子沟花岗岩(GZG-04)锆石以短柱状为主,长为150~220 μm,长宽比为3:2~5:2,Th、U含量分别为167×10−6~730×10−6和189×10−6~527×10−6,Th/U值为0.83~1.46(表1)。所有锆石均发育震荡环带,显示岩浆锆石的特征。在U−Pb谐和图解上,21个测点的年龄数据分布在谐和线附近(图4a),206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(356.5 ± 2.3) Ma(n=21,MSWD=1.7)(图4a)。哈拉尕提岩体锆石大多为长柱状,其中HL-02锆石长150~300 μm,长宽比为3∶1~3∶2,Th、U含量分别为37×10−6~527×10−6和83×10−6~320×10−6,Th/U值为0.44~1.69,在锆石的U–Pb谐和图解上,22个测点均分布在谐和线附近(图4b),206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为368.1±1.5 Ma(MSWD=0.83,n=22)(图4b)。HL-09锆石长为100~300 μm,长宽比为3:1~3:2。Th、U含量分别为69×10−6~520×10−6和143×10−6~755×10−6,Th/U值为0.38~0.77,在锆石的U–Pb谐和图解上,13个测点均分布在谐和线附近(图4c),206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(301.9±2.8) Ma(MSWD=2.6,n=13)(图4c)。精河岩体中的锆石多为长柱状,自形程度较好,花岗岩(JH-04)锆石长为100~200 μm,长宽比为2:1~3:2,Th、U含量分别为45×10−6~397×10−6和89×10−6~454×10−6,Th/U为0.48~0.87。21个测点落在谐和曲线附近,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(307.0±2.1) Ma(MSWD=2.2,n=21)(图4d);JH-09锆石长为150~240 μm,长宽比为3∶2~5∶2,Th含量为70×10−6~256×10−6,U含量为119×10−6~404×10−6,Th/U值为0.47~0.87,显示岩浆锆石特征,21个测点落在了谐和曲线附近(图4e),206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(310.3±2.1) Ma(MSWD=2.6,n=21)(图4e)。那拉提钾长花岗岩(NLT)的锆石多呈不规则状,少量发育震荡环带(图4f),长为150~200 μm,长宽比为3∶2,Th、U含量分别为144×10−6~1 375×10−6和217×10−6~1 372×10−6,Th/U值为0.65~1.58,21个测点落在谐和曲线附近,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(305.2±2.3) Ma(MSWD=2.4,n=21)(图4f)。上述4个岩体可分为晚泥盆世—早石炭世(果子沟花岗岩、果子沟钾长花岗岩、哈勒尕提花岗岩)和晚石炭世(精河花岗岩、精河二长花岗岩、哈勒尕提二长花岗岩、那拉提钾长花岗岩)两组。
4个岩体的主量元素和微量元素分析数据见表2。在TAS图解中,它们主要落入花岗岩与石英二长岩范围(图5a),在K2O-SiO2图解中落入高钾钙碱性系列范围(图5b),且属于钾质花岗岩范畴(图5c)。晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体SiO2含量为66.76%~77.19%,全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量为7.49%~8.06%,Na2O/K2O值为0.60~0.96;铝饱和指数A/NKC值为1.02~1.19,属于弱过铝质花岗岩(图5d)。晚石炭世岩体SiO2含量为66.62%~76.08%,全碱含量为6.71%~8.85%,Na2O/K2O值为0.74~1.28;A/NKC值为0.91~1.11,属于准铝质–弱过铝质花岗岩(图5d)。
晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体稀土总含量(ΣREE)为103.92×10−6~195.59×10−6;(La/Yb)N为5.05~14.32,δEu为0.19~0.68。晚石炭世岩体ΣREE为60.34×10−6~265.50×10−6,(La/Yb)N值1.98~6.49,δEu值为0.30~0.97。在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(图6)和微量元素原始地幔标准化模式图(图7)中,两组岩体均表现出相似的配分曲线。稀土元素配分模式均呈LREE富集、HREE相对平坦的右倾型,存在不同程度的Eu负异常,其中,前者相较于后者Eu异常更明显;微量元素蛛网图显示,所有岩体均表现为富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,前者具有明显的Ba亏损,而后者Nb、Ta更亏损。
晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体87Sr/86Sr值为0.7159~0.7772,143Nd/144Nd值为0.512233~0.512395(表3),根据锆石U–Pb年龄计算获得(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.7065~0.7095,εNd(t)均为负值,介于−1.3~−3.8,二阶段模式年龄TDM2-Nd为1 219~1 428 Ma。晚石炭世岩体的87Sr/86Sr值为0.714 0~0.771 8,143Nd/144Nd值为0.512 515~0.512 859,其(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.705 0~0.706 2,εNd(t)值介于+0.8~+6,TDM2-Nd年龄为581~1 044 Ma。
晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体的176Hf/177Hf值为0.282556~0.282702(表4),依据锆石U–Pb年龄计算εHf(t)值为+0.3~+5.0,二阶段Hf模式年龄TDM2-Hf值为1 039 ~1 351 Ma。晚石炭世岩体的176Hf/177Hf值为0.282706~0.283027,εHf(t)值为+4.1~+15.1,TDM2-Hf为358 ~1060 Ma。
根据岩浆源区性质和形成机制差异,花岗岩可分为I型、S型、A型和M型(Chappell, 1999)。果子沟岩体、哈勒尕提岩体暗色矿物以黑云母为主,精河岩体和那拉提岩体以黑云母、角闪石为主,均未发现原生过铝质矿物(白云母、瑾青石等),因此它们不属于S型花岗岩。主量元素特征显示,晚泥盆世—早石炭世果子沟钾长花岗岩、花岗岩、哈勒尕提花岗岩和晚石炭世哈勒尕提二长花岗岩、精河花岗岩和二长花岗岩高硅(SiO2=66.76%~77.19%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=6.71%~8.39%)、富钾(K2O=3.09%~4.75%)、贫铝(图8a、图8b、图8c),属高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩;104Ga/Al值介于2.1~2.63(均值为2.32),SiO2与P2O5呈负相关关系(图8d),呈I型花岗岩的特征(杜開明,2021),而有别于A型花岗岩。那拉提钾长花岗岩的SiO2含量稍低(66.62%~67.60%)、富碱,属准铝质,具高钾钙碱性–钾玄岩过渡系列花岗岩的特征;104Ga/Al的值介于2.62~2.92,Zr含量介于437×10−6~517×10−6,Zr+Y+Nb+Ce含量介于563.5×10−6~670×10−6,显示出与A型花岗岩相似的地球化学特征(PérEz-SobA et al., 2010;Breiter et al., 2013;Wang et al., 2018;卜涛等,2022),而非典型的高分异花岗岩,理由如下:那拉提钾长花岗岩FeOT含量4.6%~5.6%(>1%,王强等,2000),据锆石饱和温度公式TZr(℃)=10108/(LnDzr(496000/熔体)+1.16M+0.32)–273.15(Boehnke et al., 2013),计算获得其锆石饱和温度为805~870 ℃(吴福元等,2017);其次,那拉提钾长花岗岩Rb的含量94×10−6~124×10−6(<270×10−6;Pearce et al.,1984),Cs含量0.72×10−6~1.33×10−6,显示结晶分异过程中Cs含量未显著增大,也不同于高分异花岗岩(吴福元等,2017,卜涛等,2024),最后,那拉提钾长花岗岩的Zr/Hf值平均39,说明研究区岩体形成过程中经历了中等分异(Breiter et al., 2014;朱生强等,2024),微量元素Y/Nb、Ce/Nb值分别为3.44~5.19、3.30~7.06进一步表明那拉提钾长花岗岩区别于高分异花岗岩与A2型花岗岩相类似(Eby, 1992;郝增元等,2018)。综上所述,研究区果子沟岩体、哈勒尕提岩体、精河岩体为弱过铝质I型花岗岩,那拉提岩体为准铝质A2型花岗岩。
在哈克图解上晚泥盆世—早石炭世果子沟花岗岩、哈勒尕提花岗岩和晚石炭世哈勒尕提二长花岗岩、精河花岗岩和二长花岗岩、那拉提钾长花岗岩随着SiO2含量的增加,Al2O3、Na2O、K2O无明显变化而P2O5、MgO、Fe2O3T、TiO2与微量元素Ba、Zr逐渐降低,呈负相关(图8),表明在岩浆演化中伴随着镁铁质基性矿物的大量分离结晶,SiO2与P2O5、TiO2的负相关关系可能指示了磷灰石和含Ti矿物(如榍石、钛铁矿)的分离结晶或源区残留(图8d、图8g)。
晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体和晚石炭世岩体的Nb/Ta值分别为6.6~14.62(均值11.1)4.9~16.2(均值11.9),远小于幔源岩浆(~17.5)(Hofmann, 1988),而接近于地壳物质(11~12),暗示陆壳物质较高程度卷入岩浆源区。同时,它们的Zr/Hf值分别为35.27~40.72(均值为38.21)、36.6~43.9(均值为40.54),均显著高于壳源岩石(~33)(Taylor et al., 1995)而更接近幔源岩石(36)(Hofmann, 1988),暗示源区存在地幔物质的参与。两组花岗岩的Mg#值分别为22~38、20~34,均小于40(Rapp et al., 1995),说明岩浆主要来源于下地壳的部分熔融。
晚泥盆世—早石炭世果子沟花岗岩、哈勒尕提花岗岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7063~0.7095,εNd(t)值介于−1.3~−3.79(图9a、图9b),表明源区物质来自地壳或地壳物质发生过强烈混染。此外,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄TDM2-Nd介于1219~1428 Ma,表明其源区主要为较古老的地壳物质(朱生强等,2024),晚石炭世哈勒尕提二长花岗岩、精河花岗岩、那拉提钾长花岗岩相对于晚泥盆世—早石炭世具有较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i,εNd(t)值介于+0.8~+5.9(图9a、图9b),TDM2-Nd介于581~1044 Ma,可能与新生地壳部分熔融有关。这种相对亏损的放射性成因同位素特征在整个中亚造山带晚古生代—中生代普遍存在(Han et al., 1997;Wu et al., 2000;王涛等,2008;冯光英等,2016),表明随着时间的推移,有新的亏损地幔物质的加入。西天山地区晚石炭世同期的基性岩浆活动强烈(Wang et al., 2006;Tang et al., 2013;杨蓉等,2017;陈有炘等,2023),进一步表明该时期的花岗岩可能与幔源岩浆的底侵有关。
在年龄–εHf(t)图中,晚泥盆世—早石炭世和晚石炭世岩体的εHf(t)值均位于球粒陨石CHUR演化线与亏损地幔演化线之间(图9c)。结合前人研究,幔源物质参与花岗岩成岩过程的方式可能有两种情形:第一种为幔源岩浆与其诱发的地壳物质部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆在地壳深部混合形成壳幔混源岩浆(邱检生等,2008),这种岩浆εHf(t)变化于正值和负值之间;第二种为幔源岩浆先底侵到地壳基底岩石中形成新生地壳,然后在后期热事件的影响下,由新生地壳和古老基底地壳构成的混合地壳原岩发生部分熔融而形成混合岩浆(邱检生等,2008),这种岩浆的εHf(t)均为正值(Kemp et al., 2007;王盼龙等,2023)。笔者研究的所有岩体锆石均为正的εHf(t)值,推测这些岩体的岩浆源区可能经历了后一种壳幔混合模式。晚石炭世哈勒尕提二长花岗岩、精河二长花岗岩、那拉提钾长花岗岩均比较接近亏损地幔演化线(图9c),具有相对晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩体较高的εHf(t)正值,指示其源区是以新生下地壳部分熔融为主,可能幔源物质比例增加(张京渤等,2019)。 此外,从Sr/Nd–Th/Yb图中可以看出果子沟岩体、哈勒尕提岩体洋壳沉积物参与较显著(图9d)。
前人将西天山的岩浆活动划分为3期。其中,中晚奥陶世(约460~395 Ma)、晚泥盆世—早石炭世(约375~310 Ma)的岩浆活动与洋壳俯冲作用有关(图10),而晚石炭世—二叠纪(约 310~260 Ma)的岩浆活动则与碰撞–后碰撞造山作用有关(表4;Gao et al., 2011;Xiao et al., 2013;Han et al., 2016;俎波,2016;王冠南,2018;张连昌等,2022;黄河等,2024;孙吉明等,2024)。
笔者研究的那拉提岩体具有A2型花岗岩的地球化学特征,而晚古生代其他岩体均不同程度富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素等,而亏损重稀土、高场强元素等,显示典型弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征(Gao et al., 2009;Long et al., 2011;Xiao et al., 2013)(图6、图7)。此外,张力强等(2014)通过伊犁地块北缘奥陶系砂岩的地球化学研究,提出其形成于活动大陆边缘环境(朱志新等,2013);章永梅等(2016)通过对伊犁地块北缘呼斯特杂岩体(380~365 Ma)研究,认为其形成于北天山洋向伊犁地块俯冲的高峰期(Han et al., 2010;顾雪祥等,2014),而早石炭世以后北天山洋进入收缩阶段(Wang et al., 2006;王冠南,2018)。综上所述,笔者认为晚泥盆世—早石炭世果子沟花岗岩,哈勒尕提花岗岩和晚石炭世精河花岗岩和二长花岗岩形成于北天山洋向伊犁地块俯冲的构造环境,而那拉提钾长花岗岩(305 Ma)和哈勒尕提二长花岗岩(301 Ma)可能形成于后碰撞的构造环境;在这一俯冲–碰撞的构造转换,暗示北天山洋的闭合时限可能早于晚石炭世。
西天山地区的矿床成因类型多样,其中尤以中酸性侵入岩有关的斑岩–矽卡岩矿床最为发育(张连昌等,2006;朱永峰等,2007;Yang et al., 2009;毛景文等,2014;Zhao et al., 2014;Gao et al., 2018;李紫源等,2021;Wang et al., 2024),而博罗科努成矿带是西天山地区最重要的浅成低温热液型金矿床、斑岩型铜钼矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜钼铅锌矿床的产出地(王新利等,2013,2014,2016;顾雪祥等,2014,2016;薛春纪等,2014;Shen et al., 2017;Han et al., 2020;张连昌等,2022)。博罗科努成矿带与中酸性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩–斑岩–热液脉型Fe、Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn成矿系统,是在晚古生代北天山洋向伊犁地块之下俯冲的活动大陆边缘背景下形成的(顾雪祥等,2014)。此外,前人提出后碰撞环境也是浅成低温热液型金矿形成的有利构造背景(张京渤等,2019)。
前人研究表明,中亚成矿域斑岩Cu–Mo矿床主要出露在其西段,成矿岩石类型最常见二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗岩、石英二长闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩等,以钙碱性–高钾钙碱性为主,具高氧化性;成矿年代以古生代为特色,成矿构造背景多与俯冲岩浆弧有关,个别属后碰撞陆内造山背景(高俊等,2019)。地处中亚造山带西段的西天山伊犁地块北缘以酸性侵入岩为主(黄杰等,2018;高俊等,2019),并伴有铜多金属矿化作用,成岩成矿年代主要集中在泥盆世—早石炭世和晚石炭世—二叠世(王冠南,2018)。文中研究对象位于伊犁地块北缘,也具有上述类似特征,其主要岩性为二长花岗岩、花岗岩、钾长花岗岩,具高钾钙碱性特征,Sr/Y值1.59~9.7,具有典型岛弧岩浆特征。
熔体的氧逸度(Fe2O3/FeO,值越大氧逸度越高)和结晶分异程度(Rb/Sr,值越大分异程度越高)控制成矿专属性(冷成彪等,2020)。Cu–Fe–Mo–Zn主要与Fe2O3/FeOT>0.4的氧化性岩浆有关,而Au、Sn与Fe2O3/FeOT<0.4的还原性岩浆有关。晚泥盆世岩体和晚石炭世岩体的Fe2O3/FeOT值均为0.55~0.60,Fe2O3/FeO值分别为1.08~1.17、1.08~1.32,Rb/Sr值分别为0.6~2.1、0.6~5.4。在SiO2–Fe2O3/FeOT的图解中(图11)所有样品均落入氧化性岩区域,在Rb/Sr–Fe2O3/FeO的图解中,所有样品均在Cu–Mo成矿区域,说明该地区具有形成Cu–Mo矿床的潜力,值得进行更深层次的研究与勘探工作。
(1)果子沟花岗岩,哈勒尕提花岗岩和二长花岗岩、精河花岗岩和二长花岗岩、那拉提钾长花岗岩的锆石U–Pb年龄分别为(356.5±2.3) Ma、(368.1±1.5) Ma和(301.9±2.8) Ma,(307.0±2.1) Ma和(310.3±2.1) Ma、(305.2±2.3) Ma,分为晚泥盆世—早石炭世和晚石炭世两期。
(2)果子沟花岗岩,哈勒尕提花岗岩和二长花岗岩、精河花岗岩和二长花岗岩高硅、富碱、贫铝,属弱过铝质I型花岗岩;那拉提钾长花岗岩为准铝质A2型。4个岩体总体上均为轻稀土富集的右倾型,轻稀土较重稀土分异明显,均不同程度富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Th,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr、P等高场强元素。
(3)晚泥盆世岩体形成于俯冲环境,岩浆来源于古老地壳部分熔融,而晚石炭世岩体主要形成于碰撞后环境,源于新生地壳部分熔融,两期均有幔源物质参与。
(4)博罗科努地区的晚泥盆世—晚石炭世花岗岩类具有Cu–Mo矿床的成矿潜力,值得进行更深层次的研究与勘探工作。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025121
  • 接收时间:2025-05-19
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19
  • 修回日期:2025-09-09
  • 录用日期:2025-10-09
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    1东华理工大学,铀资源探采与核遥感全国重点实验室,江西 南昌 330013
    2东华理工大学地球与行星科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
    3长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
    4中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵州 贵阳 550018

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冷成彪(1982−),男,教授,从事矿床地球化学方面的科研与教学工作。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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