Article(id=1307086066461209017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748188800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-26, revisedDate=1754496000000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-07, acceptedDate=1757433600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineDate=1789563202729, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563202729, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563202729, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563202729, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307047751552885541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789554067743, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616259011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=244, endPage=257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307086066649952698, articleId=1307086066461209017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Characteristics of Shanxi Formation Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Yanchuan East Area of Yan'an Gas Field and Prediction of Favorable Areas, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The tight sandstone reservoir of Shanxi Formation in Yanchuan East Area of Yan'an Gas Field has complex petrological characteristics and heterogeneity. Clarifying its reservoir characteristics and favorable area distribution is of great significance for natural gas exploration and development. This article systematically studied the rock composition, pore structure, physical properties, and diagenetic evolution process of the Shanxi Formation reservoir through methods such as rock thin section identification, high-pressure mercury injection experiments, and physical property analysis. The results show that the Shanxi Formation reservoir is mainly composed of lithic quartz sandstone, with an average quartz content of 67.1%~71.8%. Residual intergranular pores, lithic dissolution pores, and microcracks are developed, and the pore throat structure is mainly micro throat type. The overall reservoir is characterized by ultra-low porosity and compactness. The reservoir performance of Shan 2 section is better than that of Shan 1 section, with an average porosity of 4.74% and an average permeability of 0.764 mD. The physical properties of the reservoir are controlled by particle size, plastic rock fragment content, and carbonate cementation, and the physical properties of coarse-grained sandstone and areas with low plastic rock fragment content are better. Based on sedimentary microfacies, sand body distribution, and structural characteristics, it is predicted that the favorable area of Shan 1 is located in the central southern part of the study area, while the favorable area of Shan 2 is distributed in a strip like pattern in the central and northern parts. This study provides geological basis for efficient exploration of tight gas reservoirs in the Shanxi Formation of the Ordos Basin.

, authors=Yaning GAO1, 2, Shaohua ZHANG1, 2, *, Zhihao JIANG1, 2, Long ZHANG1, 2, authorsList=Yaning GAO, Shaohua ZHANG, Zhihao JIANG, Long ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shaohua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307086070798119381, articleId=1307086066461209017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=延安气田延川东区山西组致密砂岩储层特征及有利区预测, columnId=1307047819974570720, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=非主题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

延安气田延川东区山西组致密砂岩储层具有复杂的岩石学特征与非均质性,明确其储层特征及有利区分布对天然气勘探开发具有重要意义。笔者通过岩石薄片鉴定、高压压汞实验、物性分析等手段,系统研究了山西组储层的岩石组分、孔隙结构、物性特征及成岩演化过程。结果表明:山西组储层以岩屑石英砂岩为主,石英平均含量为67.1%~71.8%,发育残余粒间孔、岩屑溶孔及微裂缝,孔喉结构以微细喉型为主,储层整体为特低孔、致密特征。山2段储集性能优于山1段,其孔隙度平均为4.74%,渗透率平均为0.764 mD。储层物性受粒度、塑性岩屑含量及碳酸盐胶结作用控制,粗粒砂岩及低塑性岩屑含量区域物性更优。结合沉积微相、砂体展布及构造特征,预测山1段有利区位于研究区中南部,山2段有利区呈条带状分布于中部及北部。本研究为鄂尔多斯盆地山西组致密气藏高效勘探提供了重要地质依据。

, authors=高雅宁1, 2, 张少华1, 2, *, 姜志豪1, 2, 张龙1, 2, authorsList=高雅宁, 张少华, 姜志豪, 张龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张少华, authorNote=

高雅宁(1984–),男,讲师,主要从事矿产资源勘查与评价研究。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张少华(1990–),男,副教授,主要从事油气地质与勘探等方面教学与研究工作。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=QLDoeBkdnJKKvbFLLDahnA==, magXml=848nafDVtp6/e1VQyd4QiQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VLMapqpD7Fm6jF+gTJwYGg==, pdfFileSize=7218691, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=P3kqHXThLEl5bvilQd1woA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=EbJlrW2DTCmT0DoVxGxJbQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307086071251104221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gaoyaning2000@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307086071389516256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, authorId=1307086071251104221, language=EN, stringName=Yaning GAO, firstName=Yaning, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Petroleum, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
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高雅宁(1984–),男,讲师,主要从事矿产资源勘查与评价研究。E−mail:

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高雅宁(1984–),男,讲师,主要从事矿产资源勘查与评价研究。E−mail:

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Geophysics, 2021, 86(2): B55−B65., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086071028806102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086071045583319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, companyId=1307086071028806102, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Petroleum, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086071058166232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, companyId=1307086071028806102, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086071142052313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086071154635226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, companyId=1307086071142052313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Petroleum, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086071163023835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, companyId=1307086071142052313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西安石油大学,陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307086074816262652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The structural units of the Ordos Basin and comprehensive column chart of Shanxi Formation strata, figureFileSmall=lUuh3lgSu35C0Sxqq0A3PQ==, figureFileBig=P3kqHXThLEl5bvilQd1woA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086074891760125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图1, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元及山西组综合柱状图(Jiang et al., 2021;郭兰等,2025)

a. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元;b. 山西组综合柱状图

, figureFileSmall=lUuh3lgSu35C0Sxqq0A3PQ==, figureFileBig=P3kqHXThLEl5bvilQd1woA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075076309502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Sandstone Triangular Classification Map of Yanchuan East District, figureFileSmall=nsH8pYvaKrfYwb4fZyEyLA==, figureFileBig=QXT1OpBgUnQGVLA/aij7iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075160195583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图2, caption=延川东区砂岩三角分类图

a. 山1段砂岩三角分类图;b. 山2段砂岩三角分类图

, figureFileSmall=nsH8pYvaKrfYwb4fZyEyLA==, figureFileBig=QXT1OpBgUnQGVLA/aij7iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075227304448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Microscopic characteristics of Shanxi Formation detrital sandstone, figureFileSmall=vKYcgiVoRwPaKE/rlfEZVQ==, figureFileBig=Cboc5GZgqu6Yt5ZWTPanBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075298607617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图3, caption=山西组碎屑砂岩镜下特征

a. 延2065井,山1,细粒岩屑石英砂岩,云母碎屑变形,早期方解石胶结;b. 延2065井,山2,中粒岩屑石英砂岩,石英次生加大边,见少量方解石;c. 延343井,山1,岩屑石英砂岩,强烈压实,变质岩屑含量高,火山岩屑强烈变形;d. 延343井,山1,粗粒岩屑石英砂岩,石英次生加大,岩屑高岭土化和绢云母化;e. 延343井,山1,浅灰色中砂岩,丝状伊利石、叶片状绿泥石、高岭石及粒间孔隙;f. 延343井,山1,浅灰色含气粗砂岩,高岭石填隙物充填粒间孔隙,岩屑石英砂岩,强烈压实,变质岩屑含量高,火山岩屑强烈变形

, figureFileSmall=vKYcgiVoRwPaKE/rlfEZVQ==, figureFileBig=Cboc5GZgqu6Yt5ZWTPanBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075365716482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Pore types and development characteristics of Shanxi Formation sandstone casting thin sections in the eastern Yanchuan area, figureFileSmall=FFFC0qwJCH6us+H4DXvuZQ==, figureFileBig=d0Pj40z+53PEQB+bvNH2GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075445408259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图4, caption=延川东区域山西组砂岩铸体薄片孔隙类型及发育特征

a. 延155井,山1,火山岩屑溶孔及少量粒间孔,面孔率6%;b. 延250井,山2,粒间孔及岩屑溶孔,面孔率7%;c. 延155井,山1,火山岩屑溶孔及少量粒间孔,面孔率6%;d. 延338井,山2,粒间孔及少量长石与岩屑溶蚀孔,面孔率5.0%;e. 延343井,山1,少量微裂缝,面孔率1%;f. 延347井,山2,少量微裂缝,面孔率1%

, figureFileSmall=FFFC0qwJCH6us+H4DXvuZQ==, figureFileBig=d0Pj40z+53PEQB+bvNH2GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075508322820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Typical capillary pressure curve of Shanxi Formation reservoir sandstone in Yanchuan east district, figureFileSmall=I/vtvXibyjM2ECmNjVVCEQ==, figureFileBig=gTMYZhKxM8t4+vlbht6WiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075579625989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图5, caption=延川东区山西组储层砂岩典型毛管压力曲线图, figureFileSmall=I/vtvXibyjM2ECmNjVVCEQ==, figureFileBig=gTMYZhKxM8t4+vlbht6WiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075667706374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Histogram of physical property distribution of core samples from Shan 1 member of Shanxi Formation in Yanchuan east district, figureFileSmall=RvJ2xn63IQITCOLP5SR86Q==, figureFileBig=FoStDVi98+X5N2G2EkbNpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075743203847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图6, caption=延川东区山西组山1段岩心物性分布直方图

a. 孔隙度分布直方图;b. 渗透率分布直方图

, figureFileSmall=RvJ2xn63IQITCOLP5SR86Q==, figureFileBig=FoStDVi98+X5N2G2EkbNpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075818701320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Histogram of physical property distribution of core samples from Shan 2 member of Shanxi Formation in Yanchuan east district, figureFileSmall=B1oDZc4NgULVYOROOO3olQ==, figureFileBig=iiPYlLcCjBbyWQyYMIivpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086075931947529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图7, caption=延川东区山西组山2段岩心物性分布直方图

a. 孔隙度分布直方图;b. 渗透率分布直方图

, figureFileSmall=B1oDZc4NgULVYOROOO3olQ==, figureFileBig=iiPYlLcCjBbyWQyYMIivpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076053582346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Statistical chart of the relationship between physical properties and grain size of sandstone in Shanxi Formation, figureFileSmall=twgPkcHSkmeOtXxbR/rLPA==, figureFileBig=RVK7hR/5xbV8ZeNmNOZ/Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076133274123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图8, caption=山西组储层砂岩物性与粒度关系统计图

a. 粗砂岩孔隙度分布直方图;b. 粗砂岩渗透率分布直方图;c. 中砂岩孔隙度分布直方图;d. 中砂岩渗透率分布直方图;e. 细砂岩孔隙度分布直方图;f. 细砂岩渗透率分布直方图

, figureFileSmall=twgPkcHSkmeOtXxbR/rLPA==, figureFileBig=RVK7hR/5xbV8ZeNmNOZ/Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076242326028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Statistical chart of the relationship between physical properties and sandstone lithology in Shanxi Formation, figureFileSmall=2JtwteqqAZDjfY6ufrasJw==, figureFileBig=Xe9AdI0nWusCHG3uYlPpVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076326212109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图9, caption=山西组储层砂岩岩性与物性关系统计图

a. 岩屑石英砂岩孔隙度分布直方图;b. 岩屑石英砂岩渗透率分布直方图;c. 石英砂岩孔隙度分布直方图;d. 石英砂岩渗透率分布直方图;e. 岩屑砂岩孔隙度分布直方图;f. 岩屑砂岩渗透率分布直方图;g. 钙质胶结砂岩孔隙度分布直方图;h. 钙质胶结砂岩渗透率分布直方图

, figureFileSmall=2JtwteqqAZDjfY6ufrasJw==, figureFileBig=Xe9AdI0nWusCHG3uYlPpVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076405903886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=The relationship between the content of plastic particle components and physical properties in Shanxi Formation, figureFileSmall=HFGKoAFlqArDULSZEHDmMw==, figureFileBig=X4Ac4I5X2ldedacZLC+u7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076485595663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图10, caption=山西组塑性颗粒组分含量与储层物性的关系

a. 火山岩屑含量与孔隙度关系;b. 火山岩屑含量与渗透率关系

, figureFileSmall=HFGKoAFlqArDULSZEHDmMw==, figureFileBig=X4Ac4I5X2ldedacZLC+u7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076565287440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=The relationship between the carbonate cement content and physical properties in Shanxi Formation, figureFileSmall=tDxhQwRaRvOYK+4WK9jT9A==, figureFileBig=3umWYGY443r3QDTlSzfVPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076640784913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图11, caption=山西组碳酸盐胶结物含量与储层物性的关系

a. 碳酸盐胶结物含量与孔隙度关系;b. 碳酸盐胶结物含量与渗透率关系

, figureFileSmall=tDxhQwRaRvOYK+4WK9jT9A==, figureFileBig=3umWYGY443r3QDTlSzfVPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076712088082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The relationship between the siliceous cementation content and physical properties in Shanxi Formation, figureFileSmall=fDlIx+oxfaQ/PQ1rAWzHIQ==, figureFileBig=T+cpfSraSgTLwgDPid+J/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076816945683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图12, caption=山西组储层硅质胶结含量与储层物性关系图

a. 硅质胶结含量与孔隙度关系;b. 硅质胶结含量与渗透率关系

, figureFileSmall=fDlIx+oxfaQ/PQ1rAWzHIQ==, figureFileBig=T+cpfSraSgTLwgDPid+J/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076896637460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Prediction Plan of beneficial reservoir areas in Shanxi Formation of the research area, figureFileSmall=4NlcEbV8I9B1Mu2WG6W0dQ==, figureFileBig=xWidUBGhAE9NNdt5F49QzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086076976329237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=图13, caption=研究区山西组储层有利区预测平面图

a. 硅质胶结含量与孔隙度关系;b. 硅质胶结含量与渗透率关系

, figureFileSmall=4NlcEbV8I9B1Mu2WG6W0dQ==, figureFileBig=xWidUBGhAE9NNdt5F49QzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086077060215318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Data on the content of rock debris components in the Shanxi Formation reservoir in Yanchuan east area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位样品数石英(%)长石(%)岩屑(%)填隙物成分(%)
方解石白云石铁白云石菱铁矿粘土矿物硬石膏其它
山1段4567.111.2731.621.810.404.180.981.951.151.13
山2段2071.770.0128.142.962.042.230.471.941.041.42
), ArticleFig(id=1307086077144101399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

延川东区域山西组储层岩石碎屑成分含量数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位样品数石英(%)长石(%)岩屑(%)填隙物成分(%)
方解石白云石铁白云石菱铁矿粘土矿物硬石膏其它
山1段4567.111.2731.621.810.404.180.981.951.151.13
山2段2071.770.0128.142.962.042.230.471.941.041.42
), ArticleFig(id=1307086077253153304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Composition of sandstone cement in Shanxi Formation reservoir in Yanchuan east area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位高岭石
(%)
水云母
(%)
绿泥石
(%)
凝灰质
(%)
铁方
解石
(%)
铁白
云石
(%)
硅质
(%)
山1段0.494.181.150.561.810.41.95
山2段1.272.231.040.152.962.041.94
), ArticleFig(id=1307086078897320473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

延川东区域山西组储层砂岩胶结物成分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位高岭石
(%)
水云母
(%)
绿泥石
(%)
凝灰质
(%)
铁方
解石
(%)
铁白
云石
(%)
硅质
(%)
山1段0.494.181.150.561.810.41.95
山2段1.272.231.040.152.962.041.94
), ArticleFig(id=1307086078977012250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Statistical table of pore types in Shanxi Formation of Yanchuan east area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位残余
粒间孔
(%)
长石
溶孔
(%)
岩屑
溶孔
(%)
晶间孔
(%)
微裂隙
(%)
面孔率
(%)
山1段0.850.152.950.100.103.80
山2段0.750.122.780.150.153.55
), ArticleFig(id=1307086079048315419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

延川东区域山西组孔隙类型统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位残余
粒间孔
(%)
长石
溶孔
(%)
岩屑
溶孔
(%)
晶间孔
(%)
微裂隙
(%)
面孔率
(%)
山1段0.850.152.950.100.103.80
山2段0.750.122.780.150.153.55
), ArticleFig(id=1307086079123812892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Statistical table of high pressure mercury injection parameters for Shanxi Formation sandstone in Yanchuan east area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位样品数孔隙度(%)渗透率(mD)排驱
压力(MPa)
中值
压力(MPa)
中值
半径(μm)
孔喉
分选系数
变异
系数
歪度
系数
最大进汞
饱和度(%)
退出
效率(%)
山1段29最小值1.790.0120.011.770.010.020.15−2.0844.6613.38
最大值11.570.7474.1088.720.905.101.871.9399.0449.98
平均值4.020.1111.1530.510.132.470.831.0072.7938.04
山2段48最小值1.800.0010.014.660.011.380.11−1.4436.428.26
最大值9.103.7953.5770.320.164.220.242.4994.5045.51
平均值6.510.7640.6340.010.052.190.161.3070.7221.81
), ArticleFig(id=1307086079241253405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

延川东区域山西组砂岩高压压汞参数统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位样品数孔隙度(%)渗透率(mD)排驱
压力(MPa)
中值
压力(MPa)
中值
半径(μm)
孔喉
分选系数
变异
系数
歪度
系数
最大进汞
饱和度(%)
退出
效率(%)
山1段29最小值1.790.0120.011.770.010.020.15−2.0844.6613.38
最大值11.570.7474.1088.720.905.101.871.9399.0449.98
平均值4.020.1111.1530.510.132.470.831.0072.7938.04
山2段48最小值1.800.0010.014.660.011.380.11−1.4436.428.26
最大值9.103.7953.5770.320.164.220.242.4994.5045.51
平均值6.510.7640.6340.010.052.190.161.3070.7221.81
), ArticleFig(id=1307086079341916702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Classification and statistics of pore structure types of reservoir sandstone from Shanxi Formation in Yanchuan east area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层参数孔隙结构类型
ⅠⅡⅢⅣ
较细喉型细喉型微细喉型微细喉型
孔隙度2.10%~9.00%1.82%~11.57%0.80%~1.63%1.79~5.30%
6.33%6.27%1.07%3.19%
渗透率0.057~4.723 mD0.016~4.143 mD0.012~1.681 mD0.003~0.131 mD
0.836 mD0.688 mD0.257 mD0.024 mD
排驱压力0.01~1.74 MPa0.01~6.32 MPa0.02~1.82 MPa0.13~7.61 MPa
0.52 MPa0.60 MPa0.70 MPa1.53 MPa
中值压力0.33~21.21 MPa0.27~36.15 MPa3.26~88.72 MPa50 MPa以上
3.08 MPa4.66 MPa43.96 MPa—
平均喉道半径0.09~11.26 μm0.02~6.66 μm0.14~0.62 μm0.02~0.20 μm
1.73 μm1.29 μm0.34 μm0.13 μm
歪度系数−0.22~2.49−0.28~2.110.90~2.69−2.08~2.23
歪度类型粗歪度粗歪度细-粗歪度细歪度
变异系数0.14~0.330.11~1.040.12~0.51—
0.180.300.27—
最大进汞饱和度83.65%~99.04%72.90%~95.80%63.40%~91.26%—
92.22%83.29%78.22%—
储层特征溶蚀作用强烈,大孔隙和小孔隙共存,喉道粗,连通性好,优质储层溶蚀作用强烈,连通性中等,是较好的储层孔隙较小,分选一般,连通性中等以微孔为主,孔喉小,孔隙连通性差,非有效储层
), ArticleFig(id=1307086079442579999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086066461209017, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

延川东区山西组储层砂岩样品孔隙结构类型分类统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层参数孔隙结构类型
ⅠⅡⅢⅣ
较细喉型细喉型微细喉型微细喉型
孔隙度2.10%~9.00%1.82%~11.57%0.80%~1.63%1.79~5.30%
6.33%6.27%1.07%3.19%
渗透率0.057~4.723 mD0.016~4.143 mD0.012~1.681 mD0.003~0.131 mD
0.836 mD0.688 mD0.257 mD0.024 mD
排驱压力0.01~1.74 MPa0.01~6.32 MPa0.02~1.82 MPa0.13~7.61 MPa
0.52 MPa0.60 MPa0.70 MPa1.53 MPa
中值压力0.33~21.21 MPa0.27~36.15 MPa3.26~88.72 MPa50 MPa以上
3.08 MPa4.66 MPa43.96 MPa—
平均喉道半径0.09~11.26 μm0.02~6.66 μm0.14~0.62 μm0.02~0.20 μm
1.73 μm1.29 μm0.34 μm0.13 μm
歪度系数−0.22~2.49−0.28~2.110.90~2.69−2.08~2.23
歪度类型粗歪度粗歪度细-粗歪度细歪度
变异系数0.14~0.330.11~1.040.12~0.51—
0.180.300.27—
最大进汞饱和度83.65%~99.04%72.90%~95.80%63.40%~91.26%—
92.22%83.29%78.22%—
储层特征溶蚀作用强烈,大孔隙和小孔隙共存,喉道粗,连通性好,优质储层溶蚀作用强烈,连通性中等,是较好的储层孔隙较小,分选一般,连通性中等以微孔为主,孔喉小,孔隙连通性差,非有效储层
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延安气田延川东区山西组致密砂岩储层特征及有利区预测
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高雅宁 1, 2 , 张少华 1, 2, * , 姜志豪 1, 2 , 张龙 1, 2
西北地质 | 非主题 2026,59(1): 244-257
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西北地质 |非主题 2026 , 59 (1) : 244 -257
延安气田延川东区山西组致密砂岩储层特征及有利区预测
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2西安石油大学,陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065, bio={"content":"

高雅宁(1984–),男,讲师,主要从事矿产资源勘查与评价研究。E−mail:

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高雅宁1, 2 , 张少华1, 2, * , 姜志豪1, 2, 张龙1, 2
作者信息
  • 1西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710065
  • 2西安石油大学,陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065
通讯作者:
张少华(1990–),男,副教授,主要从事油气地质与勘探等方面教学与研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

高雅宁(1984–),男,讲师,主要从事矿产资源勘查与评价研究。E−mail:

Characteristics of Shanxi Formation Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Yanchuan East Area of Yan'an Gas Field and Prediction of Favorable Areas
Yaning GAO1, 2 , Shaohua ZHANG1, 2, * , Zhihao JIANG1, 2, Long ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Petroleum, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Petroleum, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025116
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延安气田延川东区山西组致密砂岩储层具有复杂的岩石学特征与非均质性,明确其储层特征及有利区分布对天然气勘探开发具有重要意义。笔者通过岩石薄片鉴定、高压压汞实验、物性分析等手段,系统研究了山西组储层的岩石组分、孔隙结构、物性特征及成岩演化过程。结果表明:山西组储层以岩屑石英砂岩为主,石英平均含量为67.1%~71.8%,发育残余粒间孔、岩屑溶孔及微裂缝,孔喉结构以微细喉型为主,储层整体为特低孔、致密特征。山2段储集性能优于山1段,其孔隙度平均为4.74%,渗透率平均为0.764 mD。储层物性受粒度、塑性岩屑含量及碳酸盐胶结作用控制,粗粒砂岩及低塑性岩屑含量区域物性更优。结合沉积微相、砂体展布及构造特征,预测山1段有利区位于研究区中南部,山2段有利区呈条带状分布于中部及北部。本研究为鄂尔多斯盆地山西组致密气藏高效勘探提供了重要地质依据。

山西组  /  致密砂岩储层  /  孔隙结构  /  有利区预测

The tight sandstone reservoir of Shanxi Formation in Yanchuan East Area of Yan'an Gas Field has complex petrological characteristics and heterogeneity. Clarifying its reservoir characteristics and favorable area distribution is of great significance for natural gas exploration and development. This article systematically studied the rock composition, pore structure, physical properties, and diagenetic evolution process of the Shanxi Formation reservoir through methods such as rock thin section identification, high-pressure mercury injection experiments, and physical property analysis. The results show that the Shanxi Formation reservoir is mainly composed of lithic quartz sandstone, with an average quartz content of 67.1%~71.8%. Residual intergranular pores, lithic dissolution pores, and microcracks are developed, and the pore throat structure is mainly micro throat type. The overall reservoir is characterized by ultra-low porosity and compactness. The reservoir performance of Shan 2 section is better than that of Shan 1 section, with an average porosity of 4.74% and an average permeability of 0.764 mD. The physical properties of the reservoir are controlled by particle size, plastic rock fragment content, and carbonate cementation, and the physical properties of coarse-grained sandstone and areas with low plastic rock fragment content are better. Based on sedimentary microfacies, sand body distribution, and structural characteristics, it is predicted that the favorable area of Shan 1 is located in the central southern part of the study area, while the favorable area of Shan 2 is distributed in a strip like pattern in the central and northern parts. This study provides geological basis for efficient exploration of tight gas reservoirs in the Shanxi Formation of the Ordos Basin.

Shanxi group  /  tight sandstone reservoir  /  pore structure  /  prediction of favorable areas
高雅宁, 张少华, 姜志豪, 张龙. 延安气田延川东区山西组致密砂岩储层特征及有利区预测. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (1) : 244 -257 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025116
Yaning GAO, Shaohua ZHANG, Zhihao JIANG, Long ZHANG. Characteristics of Shanxi Formation Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Yanchuan East Area of Yan'an Gas Field and Prediction of Favorable Areas[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (1) : 244 -257 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025116
鄂尔多斯盆地是中国重要的天然气富集区(杨华等,2012;孙龙德等,2019;田清华等,2022;王香增等,2022),山西组是上古生界主力产气层系之一(侯晓伟等,2023;牛艳伟等,2023)。近年来,随着水平井钻探与压裂技术的突破,鄂尔多斯盆地山西组气藏已实现规模开发,并展现出良好的潜力,成为研究热点(Xiong et al.,2019;单俊峰等,2022;段逸飞等,2024)。
由于致密砂岩储层非均质性较强,孔隙结构复杂,物性较差,致使勘探有利区预测及气藏开采难度较大,制约了天然气的高效开发(Zhao et al., 2023;雷涛等,2023)。前人从不同的角度对致密砂岩储层发育特征与主控因素进行大量的研究,表明母岩性质、岩石矿物组分、孔隙结构、成岩作用及沉积环境等是导致储层储集性能差异大的主要因素。目前,山西组储层特征研究多聚焦于盆地北部和延川南部(于兴河等,2017;付玉通等,2018;陈刚等,2018;Shao et al.,2019;黄有根等,2024),尤其是针对延川东区山西组储层的矿物组成、成岩作用对孔隙结构的控制机制仍有待进一步研究。
笔者以延川东区山西组为研究对象,基于岩心观察、薄片鉴定、压汞实验及物性测试数据,精细刻画储层岩石组分、孔隙类型及孔喉结构特征,探讨粒度、成岩作用对储层物性的影响,并结合沉积微相与构造特征预测有利区分布。研究成果不仅深化了对鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩储层形成机理的认识,也为研究区天然气勘探靶区优选提供了科学依据。
研究区位于鄂尔多斯盆地中部延安气田延川东区山西组致密砂岩储层(图1)。山西组自上而下可以划分为山1、山2两段(董大忠等,2021;赵龙梅等,2023;师学耀等,2025)。山1及山2时期整体位于水下的三角洲前缘亚相带内(Gu et al., 2022;Zhang et al., 2022),山2时期水体相对较深;研究区三角洲水下分流河道微相较为发育,横向连通性较好(李亚龙等,2017;曹军等,2024)。山2段是研究区的主要气层段,岩性以灰白色细砂岩、石英砂岩为主,夹黑色–灰黑色泥岩、碳质泥岩和具较好连续性的煤层(4#、5#煤),地层厚度为50~75 m。山1时期水体进一步降低,三角洲建设作用得到增强,水下分流河道发育程度进一步增强,厚度及横向连通性均变好。山1段地层岩性为灰色、深灰色细–中粒岩屑砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩为主,部分地区有薄煤层发育(1#、2#、3#煤),地层总体厚度为40~60 m。
延川东区山西组储层碎屑成分以石英为主,其次为各类岩屑、黏土矿物、云母及少量重矿物(谢梦雨等,2023;郭顺等,2024)。山1段:石英含量平均为67.1%,岩屑为31.6%(变质岩屑为主,占比为22.9%)。山2段:石英含量平均为71.8%,岩屑为28.1%(火成岩屑显著增至11.9%,变质岩屑降至13.1%)。两段砂岩类型相似,均以岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩及石英砂岩为主,但山2段火成岩屑比例更高(图2、图3,表1)。
取心井山1段储层以中–粗粒为主(粒径为0.4~0.7 mm),颗粒分选中等–好,磨圆度以次棱角状主导,颗粒接触多为凹凸–点线接触,胶结类型以孔隙式为主。山2段粒度范围更宽(0.2~1.1 mm),分选中等–好,磨圆度以次棱角状为主,颗粒接触以凹凸–点线接触为主,胶结类型同样以孔隙式胶结为特征(图4)。
山1、山2段胶结物含量有一定差异,研究区填隙物以黏土矿物(水云母、高岭石、绿泥石)及硅质、碳酸盐胶结物为主(表2)。山2段铁方解石含量显著较高,平均为2.96%;山1段为1.81%,且水云母更富集,山1段绿泥石和高岭石略占优势(图4)。硅质胶结普遍存在(含量为1.03%~2.40%),其孔隙充填与环边加大结构物性受难溶性严重制约;碳酸盐胶结物(铁方解石、铁白云石等)在山2段相对富集,其含量差异可能指示差异化成岩路径,如溶蚀孔隙发育关联性。
延川东区域山西组主要发育残余粒间孔、次生溶孔和微裂缝3种孔隙(图5)。山1段储层砂岩经历了较强的机械压实作用,残余粒间孔广泛发育于石英及少量长石等刚性颗粒间,但含量相对、较低。常见残余粒间孔被绿泥石黏土膜包裹、被伊利石、高岭石等黏土矿物或泥质杂基、次生石英加大等填隙物部分充填。次生溶孔主要包括岩屑溶孔及长石溶孔两类粒内溶蚀孔隙,以岩屑溶孔为主,亦见少量长石溶孔。颗粒内部溶孔可呈孤立状、蜂窝状等样式产出,溶蚀作用亦可沿颗粒的解理缝溶蚀(图5)。研究区局部微裂缝发育。岩心观察表明,多口井山西组油层发育多条高角度裂缝。铸体薄片观察同样证实微裂缝的存在。裂缝的发育对于储层砂岩中的孔隙连通,作为油气运移的通道是起重要作用的。总体来看研究区山西组裂缝发育密度不大(赵帮胜等,2019)。
统计结果表明,山2段面孔率为1.3%~5.6%,平均为3.55%,孔隙类型以火山岩屑溶孔(含量为0.5%~5.0%,平均为2.78%)和残余粒间孔(含量为0.5%~6.3%,平均为0.75%)为主;以及少量微裂缝及晶间微孔等。微裂缝及晶间孔面孔率平均为0.3%。山1段面孔率为1.5%~6.5%,平均为3.80%,以火山岩屑溶孔(含量为0.3%~5.2%,平均为2.95%)和粒间孔(含量为0.5%~5.4%,平均为0.85%)为主。微裂缝及晶间孔面孔率平均为0.35%(表3)。延2065井、延155井、延250井、延338井、延343井、延347井均为延川东区研究区油井。
高压压汞法测定孔隙结构常用的参数包括评价孔喉大小的参数:排驱压力及最大孔喉半径,中值压力及中值半径和平均孔喉体积比;评价孔喉分布特征的参数:分选系数、变异系数、歪度系数;评价孔喉连通性的参数:最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率等(闫高原等,2021)。根据研究区内砂岩样品压汞参数统计结果对山西组砂岩孔喉结构进行分析(表4)。
山西组山1段砂岩的排驱压力为0.01~4.10 MPa不等,平均为1.15 MPa;中值压力分布区间广,为1.77~88.72 MPa不等,平均为30.51 MPa(表4)。中值半径为0.01~0.9 μm,平均为0.13 μm,反映砂岩孔喉非均质性强。喉道分选系数为0.02~5.10,平均为2.47,分选系数较高。变异系数为0.15~1.87,平均为0.83,孔喉分选较差。最大进汞饱和度为44.66%~99.04%,平均为72.79%,说明孔喉的连通性较差。整体看来,山1段砂岩孔喉偏小,分选差,孔喉连通性较差。
山2段砂岩的排驱压力为0.01~3.57 MPa不等,平均为0.63 MPa;中值压力分布区间广,为4.66~70.32 MPa不等,平均为40.01 MPa(表4)。中值半径为0.01~0.16 μm,平均为0.05 μm,反映砂岩孔喉整体偏小。喉道分选系数为1.38~4.22,平均为2.19,分选系数中等。变异系数为0.11~0.24,平均为0.16,说明相较于山1段,孔喉分选较好。最大进汞饱和度为36.42%~94.50%,平均为70.72%。整体看来,山2段砂岩孔喉整体偏小,分选一般,孔喉连通性一般。
参照油气储层评价方法(SY/T 6285—2011)碎屑岩储层孔隙结构类型划分标准,对各项高压压汞参数特征值进行分析,并结合物性特征和毛管压力曲线特征,将川东区块山西组砂岩孔隙划分为4种结构类型(图6,表5)。统计结果显示,山1段以Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类曲线为主,储集性能较差;山2段以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类曲线为主,储集性能较好。
延川东区域山1段整体属于特低孔、致密储层。山1段储集层分析孔隙度为0.38%~13.30%,平均为4.09%,中值为3.81%。砂岩储集层孔隙度主体为2%~8%,约占93.10%;孔隙度大于8%的储集层约占4.36%,孔隙度小于2%的储集层约占2.5%。渗透率为0.01~1.6 mD,渗透率几何平均值为0.61 mD,中值为0.04 mD。渗透率大多为0.01~0.2 mD,约占92.28%,约7.72%的渗透率大于0.2 mD(图7)。
延川东区域山2段储集层的孔隙度为0.38%~13.63%,平均值为4.74%,中值为4.33%。砂岩储集层的孔隙度主体为2%~8%,约占86.59%,孔隙度大于8%的储集层约占9.60%,孔隙度小于2%的储集层约占3.8%。渗透率为0.01~4.08 mD,平均值为0.14 mD,中值为0.05 mD。渗透率大多为0.01~0.2 mD,约占87.78%,约12.22%的渗透率大于0.2 mD(图8)。
鉴于山1、山2段受同一成岩系统控制,主控因素分析聚焦共性规律。研究区山西组水下分流河道储层砂岩主要包括灰色含砾粗砂岩、灰色中砂岩、浅灰色含气含砾细砂岩及浅灰色细砂岩。统计结果表明,粒度粗细对储层物性影响较大。含砾粗砂岩或粗砂岩孔隙度为1%~9.52%,平均为6.66%;渗透率为0.0041×10−3~2.29×10−3 μm2,平均为0.09×10−3 μm2。孔隙度主要为6%~10%;渗透率值主要为0.08×10−3μm2~0.32×10−3μm2。中砂岩储层孔隙度为1.24%~9.39%,平均为4.54%;渗透率为0.0044×10−3~1.89×10−3μm2,平均为0.05×10−3 μm2。孔隙度主要为2%~6%;渗透率值主要为0.02×10−3~0.16×10−3 μm2。细砂岩储层孔隙度为0.4%~13.63%,平均为4.48%;渗透率为0.0033×10−3~182.79×10−3 μm2,平均为0.04×10−3 μm2。孔隙度主要为1%~5%;渗透率值主要为0.005×10−3~0.08×10−3 μm2。结果表明,粗砂岩样品储层物性相对更好,中砂岩储层物性次之,细粒砂岩储层物性相对最差(图9)。
依据砂岩成因分类标准及山西组储层砂岩岩石学特征,基于薄片镜下鉴定结果,山西组储层砂岩主要可划分为石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩及钙质胶结砂岩4种主要类型。石英砂岩储层石英含量大于80%,长石含量小于10%,岩屑含量小于10%;岩屑石英砂岩储层石英含量为65%~90%,长石含量小于10%,岩屑含量为10%~25%;岩屑砂岩储层石英含量小于75%,长石含量小于10%,岩屑含量为10%~25%。由于山西组储层砂岩由于富含碳酸盐胶结物,且对储层物性有重要影响作用,将碳酸盐胶结物含量大于10%定义为钙质胶结砂岩。压实、压溶作用下使得储层原生孔隙大量减少,造成储层物性变差;岩石组分的不同是影响物性重要因素。
结果统计表明,山西组岩屑石英砂岩储层占比为59.6%、塑性岩屑砂岩储层占比为23.2%、石英砂岩储层占比为6.1%、钙质胶结砂岩储层占比为11.0%。岩屑石英砂岩储层孔隙度为2.37%~9.39%,平均为6.64%;渗透率为0.022×10−3~1.89×10−3 μm2,平均为0.17×10−3 μm2。孔隙度主要为6%~8%;渗透率值主要为0.08×10−3~0.32×10−3 μm2。石英砂岩储层孔隙度为3.06%~8.67%,平均为5.63%;渗透率为0.033×10−3~0.395×10−3 μm2,平均为0.11×10−3 μm2。孔隙度主要为5%~7%;渗透率值主要为0.04×10−3~0.32×10−3 μm2。岩屑砂岩储层孔隙度为1.44%~13.3%,平均为4.51%;渗透率为0.007×10−3~0.491×10−3μm2,平均为0.04×10−3 μm2。孔隙度主要为3%~6%;渗透率值主要为0.02×10−3~0.08×10−3 μm2。物性统计结果表明,岩屑石英砂岩储层物性最好,石英砂岩储层物性次之,再次为岩屑砂岩储层,钙质胶结岩储层物性最差(图10)。
(1)机械压实作用在储层砂岩埋藏过程中持续发生,随着油层埋藏深度的增加,在上覆地层重荷作用下,致使松散沉积物不断被压实,排出孔隙水,使孔隙度降低。除了石英含量外,塑性颗粒含量也是影响储层特性的主要因素之一。研究区岩屑砂岩中石英含量为37.8%~74.2%,平均为61.8%,高塑性岩屑含量为24.7%~58.5%,平均为37.3%。受压实作用影响,火山岩屑发生强烈塑性变形,见大量火山岩屑遭受挤压变形,形成假杂基。塑性颗粒含量越高,压实率高,残余粒间孔少,孔渗低,当火山岩屑含量小于15%,遭受选择性溶蚀,对物性起到积极作用;当塑性组分含量高于15%时,储层物性呈降低趋势(图11)。
(2)胶结作用:胶结作用在研究区内较为发育,是破坏原生孔隙的重要原因之一。研究区胶结作用主要包括碳酸盐胶结作用和黏土矿物胶结作用及硅质胶结作用等。
山西组储层砂岩碳酸盐胶结物主要为方解石、白云石及少量菱铁矿胶结。钙质胶结砂岩储层碳酸盐胶结含量为9%~28%,平均为13.8%;岩屑砂岩储层碳酸盐胶结含量为0~9%,平均为3.1%;岩屑石英砂岩储层碳酸盐胶结含量为0~5%,平均为1.1%;石英砂岩储层碳酸盐胶结含量为0~5%,平均为0.8%。碳酸盐胶结在岩屑砂岩及岩屑石英砂岩储层中更为发育(图12)。实测物性分析表明,碳酸盐胶结含量与储层物性呈负相关关系,胶结物含量越高,储层物性越差。钙质胶结砂岩的碳酸盐胶结含量大于10%,其孔隙度一般小于4%,渗透率一般小于0.04 mD,变为致密储层或非储层。
研究区硅质胶结主要以次生加大边胶结和自形晶体呈孔隙充填式胶结为主。自生石英加大或充填孔隙一方面使原生孔隙减少,是造成砂岩物性变差,但研究区山西组硅质胶结含量相对较低。统计结果表明,硅质胶结在石英砂岩及岩屑石英砂岩储层中含量相对较高,平均为5.64%和3.45%。石英砂岩及岩屑石英砂岩储层中有较丰富的硅质来源,如火山岩屑的溶蚀、石英颗粒的压溶作用等。高塑性火山岩屑砂岩中由于压实作用导致塑性变形有效抑制了石英次生加大的发育。
研究区山西组主要为源内成藏组合。沉积相上,山西组山1段及山2段储集体主要为曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道,综合考虑岩性、沉积微相展布、储层分类和钻井油气显示等因素,山1段及山2段水下分流间湾优势发育且主体占据区块中部位置(图13)。山西组砂体具有单层厚度相对较小,横向变化快等特点。但砂体累计厚度统计结果表明,山西组山1段及山2段砂体仍总体相对较发育。山1段厚层砂体主要发育在中部及中南部区域,基本呈连片分布特征。山2段厚层砂体主要呈条带状发育,厚层砂体主要发育在中部及北部等区域。
山西组钻遇较好气测显示,山1段试气10口,试气产量为0.28万m3~0.88万m3,多层不产气或产少量气;山2段试气2口,延2017井及延458井试气无阻流量为1.7万m3~1.9万m3。山西组煤系烃源岩为良好的气源岩;局部砂体仍有优质储层砂体发育;山西组发育低幅构造–岩性及岩性圈闭,当优质砂体与顶部泥岩形成良好配置时可为天然气富集提供有利条件。因此,山西组可作为天然气重点勘探层位。依据已钻井良好显示、砂体相对发育及低幅鼻状构造发育,笔者圈定了山1段及山2段的有利区(图13)。
(1)延安气田延川东区山西组储层以岩屑石英砂岩为主,石英含量为67.1%~71.8%。相较于山1段,山2段石英含量更高,碳酸盐胶结物含量显著增加,胶结类型以孔隙式胶结为主,整体呈现中–细粒结构,分选中等至好,磨圆度以次棱角状为主。
(2)山西组储层孔隙类型以残余粒间孔和岩屑溶孔为主,微裂缝局部发育但密度较低。山2段储层物性优于山1段,平均孔隙度为4.74%、渗透率为0.764 mD,孔喉分选中等,喉道半径平均为0.05 μm,属细喉型储层。山2段物性更好,以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类孔隙结构为主,山1段以Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类为主。
(3)山西组储层物性受粒度、岩石组成及成岩作用显著控制。粗粒砂岩物性最佳,孔隙度与渗透率显著高于中、细粒砂岩。塑性岩屑含量大于15%时,储层物性显著降低;钙质胶结砂岩,物性最差,多为非储层。机械压实作用导致原生孔隙减少,碳酸盐胶结与硅质胶结抑制次生孔隙发育。
(4)山1段有利区位于中南部砂体连片发育区,山2段有利区呈NW–SE向条带状展布,与低幅鼻状构造叠合区域为天然气富集潜力区。兼顾构造–岩性圈闭匹配关系,部署勘探优势区域于山2段水下分流河道砂体厚层带。

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2026年第59卷第1期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025116
  • 接收时间:2025-05-26
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26
  • 修回日期:2025-08-07
  • 录用日期:2025-09-10
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    1西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710065
    2西安石油大学,陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065

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张少华(1990–),男,副教授,主要从事油气地质与勘探等方面教学与研究工作。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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