Article(id=1307087558651958166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025081, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=1747670400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-20, acceptedDate=1747670400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-20, onlineDate=1789563558495, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563558495, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563558495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563558495, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307087507837964779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563546379, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616219263, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308434005709554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307087507837964779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=143, endPage=155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307087558807147415, articleId=1307087558651958166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Pochengshan Granodiorite:the Product of Early Paleozoic Ocean Basin Subduction in the Beishanbei North Belt, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Mazongshan arc is an important component of the Beishan orogenic belt, and its widely distributed Early Paleozoic intrusive rocks are of great significance for studying the early Paleozoic tectonic and magmatic evolution in the Beishan area. This study conducted petrological, geochemical, and zircon U-Pb geochronological studies on the Pochengshan granodiorite in the Mazongshan arc. The LA-ICP MS zircon U-Pb age is 451.4 ± 1.9 Ma (MSWD=1.2), indicating an early Late Ordovician period. The rock has high SiO2 (62.25-69.6%), Al2O3 (14.34-14.68%), Na2O+K2O (6.07-6.44%), and is a high potassium calcium alkaline, quasi aluminous granite. The distribution curve of rare earth elements shows a gentle right tilt, with light rare earth elements slightly enriched, enriched in large ion lithophilic elements (such as Rb, Ba, Th, K), and depleted in high field strength elements (such as Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Ti). The geochemical characteristics indicate that the Pochengshan granodiorite is a product of partial melting of the newly formed lower crust under the influence of mantle derived magma intrusion in a subduction environment, and the magma source area has been subjected to the alteration of subduction zone fluids and the addition of mantle derived components. It is a response to the northward subduction of the early Late Ordovician in the ancient ocean represented by the Hongliuhe Niujuanzi Xichangjing ophiolite.

, authors=Huaitao WANG1, 2, 3, Lei XU1, 2, 3, *, Shibo TUO1, 2, 3, Shengjiang LIU1, 2, 3, Haifeng ZHANG1, 2, 3, Wenyi TANG4, authorsList=Huaitao WANG, Lei XU, Shibo TUO, Shengjiang LIU, Haifeng ZHANG, Wenyi TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307087562095481772, articleId=1307087558651958166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=破城山花岗闪长岩:北山北带早古生代洋盆俯冲作用的产物, columnId=1307087508710380014, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

马鬃山弧是北山造山带重要的组成部分,其广泛分布的早古生代侵入岩,对研究北山地区早古生代构造岩浆演化具有重要意义。本次研究深入探讨了马鬃山弧中破城山花岗闪长岩的岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学特征。LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(451.4±1.9 )Ma(MSWD = 1.2),属晚奥陶世早期。岩石具较高的SiO2(62.25%~69.6%)、Al2O3(14.34%~14.68%)和Na2O+K2O(6.07%~6.44%),A/CNK为0.91~1.17,为高钾钙碱性、准铝质花岗岩。稀土元素配分曲线呈平缓右倾模式,轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K等)相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti等亏损。研究表明,破城山花岗闪长岩是俯冲环境下新生下地壳在幔源岩浆底侵作用下发生部分熔融的产物,且岩浆源区遭受了俯冲带流体的交代和幔源组分的加入,是红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井蛇绿岩所代表的古大洋晚奥陶世早期向北俯冲的响应。

, authors=王怀涛1, 2, 3, 徐磊1, 2, 3, *, 脱世博1, 2, 3, 刘胜江1, 2, 3, 张海峰1, 2, 3, 唐文轶4, authorsList=王怀涛, 徐磊, 脱世博, 刘胜江, 张海峰, 唐文轶, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐磊, authorNote=

王怀涛(1985−),男,高级工程师,博士,从事矿产勘查及地学大数据方法技术研究工作。E−mail:

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徐磊(1986−),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事区域地质矿产调查研究工作。E−mail:。
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1.第四系;2.新近纪苦泉组;3.侏罗纪水西沟群;4.晚三叠世珊瑚井组;5.晚二叠世红岩井组;6.早石炭世白山组;7.早寒武世破城山组;8.蛇绿构造混杂岩带;9石炭纪二长花岗斑岩;10.泥盆纪辉长岩;11.奥陶纪糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩;12.地质界线;13.角度不整合界线;14.断裂;15.采样点

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Pl.斜长石;Qz.石英;Bi.黑云母

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LA-ICP MS U-Pb data of granodiorites from Pochengshan

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测点含量(10−6)Th/U同位素比值年龄( Ma)
232Th238U207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
TW-13878760.440.05600.00160.56150.01580.07220.000745467.59453104494
TW-25577300.760.05840.00180.59740.02020.07350.000954670.36476134575
TW-33266770.480.05570.00160.56090.01640.07240.000743962.96452114504
TW-42687390.360.05520.00160.56440.01600.07370.000742066.66454104594
TW-53448480.410.05610.00160.56000.01600.07180.000645462.96452104474
TW-63318470.390.05550.00210.55470.02270.07110.000743585.18448154434
TW-727511240.240.05500.00200.55360.01950.07260.000641384.25447134524
TW-84198090.520.05700.00200.56800.01420.07190.000650079.6245794474
TW-92435060.480.05670.00190.56310.01790.07180.000648374.07454124474
TW-103196700.480.05710.00160.56610.01610.07140.000749469.44455104444
TW-113194210.760.05680.00320.57700.01860.07350.0008483122.21463124575
TW-122825430.520.05610.00230.55780.01760.07160.000745490.73450124464
TW-132915920.490.05810.00180.57870.01660.07180.000753266.66464114474
TW-147318330.880.05900.00160.60400.01590.07360.000756962.03480104584
TW-153998390.480.05970.00420.59140.03780.07390.0008594150.75472244605
TW-162858530.330.05790.00200.57740.01490.07200.000652880.54463104483
TW-173808280.460.05870.00170.58630.01720.07200.000656760.18469114484
TW-182976560.450.05820.00190.59030.01840.07340.000853972.21471124575
TW-194087460.550.05960.00260.58700.01870.07160.000759191.65469124464
TW-202254280.530.05740.00300.58890.02200.07410.0008509116.65470144615
TW-213686890.530.05700.00180.56950.01750.07210.000749463.88458114494
TW-223527020.500.05880.00210.58780.01830.07220.000656179.62469124494
TW-235959740.61 0.05680.00190.56950.01800.07260.000748378.70458124524
TW-249227981.160.05630.00200.57510.02100.07350.000846577.77461144575
TW-253468830.390.06080.00290.61830.01690.07440.0009632101.84489114635
TW-263316480.510.05710.00160.58250.01670.07350.000749461.11466114574
TW-273908160.480.05670.00150.57470.01420.07320.000648089.8046194554
TW-282897470.390.05710.00160.57520.01540.07280.000649467.59461104534
TW-293386060.560.05780.00160.59130.01630.07380.000752461.10472104594
TW-302235470.410.05760.00180.58080.01740.07280.000852266.66465114535
TW-314789760.490.05510.00210.55450.01400.07220.000641783.3344894494
TW-321893770.500.05780.00220.57750.01810.07200.000752486.10463124484
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破城山花岗闪长岩 LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分析结果

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测点含量(10−6)Th/U同位素比值年龄( Ma)
232Th238U207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
TW-13878760.440.05600.00160.56150.01580.07220.000745467.59453104494
TW-25577300.760.05840.00180.59740.02020.07350.000954670.36476134575
TW-33266770.480.05570.00160.56090.01640.07240.000743962.96452114504
TW-42687390.360.05520.00160.56440.01600.07370.000742066.66454104594
TW-53448480.410.05610.00160.56000.01600.07180.000645462.96452104474
TW-63318470.390.05550.00210.55470.02270.07110.000743585.18448154434
TW-727511240.240.05500.00200.55360.01950.07260.000641384.25447134524
TW-84198090.520.05700.00200.56800.01420.07190.000650079.6245794474
TW-92435060.480.05670.00190.56310.01790.07180.000648374.07454124474
TW-103196700.480.05710.00160.56610.01610.07140.000749469.44455104444
TW-113194210.760.05680.00320.57700.01860.07350.0008483122.21463124575
TW-122825430.520.05610.00230.55780.01760.07160.000745490.73450124464
TW-132915920.490.05810.00180.57870.01660.07180.000753266.66464114474
TW-147318330.880.05900.00160.60400.01590.07360.000756962.03480104584
TW-153998390.480.05970.00420.59140.03780.07390.0008594150.75472244605
TW-162858530.330.05790.00200.57740.01490.07200.000652880.54463104483
TW-173808280.460.05870.00170.58630.01720.07200.000656760.18469114484
TW-182976560.450.05820.00190.59030.01840.07340.000853972.21471124575
TW-194087460.550.05960.00260.58700.01870.07160.000759191.65469124464
TW-202254280.530.05740.00300.58890.02200.07410.0008509116.65470144615
TW-213686890.530.05700.00180.56950.01750.07210.000749463.88458114494
TW-223527020.500.05880.00210.58780.01830.07220.000656179.62469124494
TW-235959740.61 0.05680.00190.56950.01800.07260.000748378.70458124524
TW-249227981.160.05630.00200.57510.02100.07350.000846577.77461144575
TW-253468830.390.06080.00290.61830.01690.07440.0009632101.84489114635
TW-263316480.510.05710.00160.58250.01670.07350.000749461.11466114574
TW-273908160.480.05670.00150.57470.01420.07320.000648089.8046194554
TW-282897470.390.05710.00160.57520.01540.07280.000649467.59461104534
TW-293386060.560.05780.00160.59130.01630.07380.000752461.10472104594
TW-302235470.410.05760.00180.58080.01740.07280.000852266.66465114535
TW-314789760.490.05510.00210.55450.01400.07220.000641783.3344894494
TW-321893770.500.05780.00220.57750.01810.07200.000752486.10463124484
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Major (%) and trace (10−6) element compositions of the Pochengshan granodiorites

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样品编号XQ-1XQ-2XQ-3XQ-4
SiO262.2564.4563.1669.6
TiO20.680.580.650.38
Al2O314.614.3714.6814.34
Fe2O31.932.422.361.64
FeO3.332.072.771.47
MnO0.090.080.090.05
MgO2.662.212.671.63
CaO4.414.314.252.1
Na2O2.152.362.502.58
K2O3.993.713.693.86
P2O50.220.180.200.15
LOI3.032.762.401.75
Total99.3499.599.4299.55
Mg#48.5948.3649.5549.90
A/CNK0.920.910.931.17
V9787.199.344.6
Cr3329.734.66.45
Co13.611.613.55.91
Ni10.49.049.543.67
Ga21.319.920.624.6
Rb169112161150
Sr278263274279
Y22.521.625.412.9
Zr168.4154.9170.2136.5
Nb1511.713.411.5
Cs4.814.704.523.09
Ba8618657791216
La40.34543.130.8
Ce77.783.784.760.1
Pr9.529.8410.27.24
Nd34.935.437.426.4
Sm6.436.26.914.56
Eu1.191.271.340.97
Gd4.84.45.082.96
Tb0.810.770.90.51
Dy4.113.944.632.49
Ho0.80.760.910.45
Er2.342.282.711.28
Tm0.370.370.440.21
Yb2.312.242.661.25
Lu0.330.320.380.18
Hf4.84.34.74
Ta1.681.341.531.38
Th22.9222722.6
U3.832.914.22.5
∑REE185.9196.4201.4139.4
δEu0.630.710.660.76
(La/Yb)N11.7613.5110.9216.55
(La/Sm)N4.054.694.034.36
(Gd/Yb)N1.681.581.541.9
104×Ga/Al1.461.381.401.72
), ArticleFig(id=1307087570018521091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087558651958166, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

破城山花岗闪长岩主量(%)和微量元素(10−6)分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号XQ-1XQ-2XQ-3XQ-4
SiO262.2564.4563.1669.6
TiO20.680.580.650.38
Al2O314.614.3714.6814.34
Fe2O31.932.422.361.64
FeO3.332.072.771.47
MnO0.090.080.090.05
MgO2.662.212.671.63
CaO4.414.314.252.1
Na2O2.152.362.502.58
K2O3.993.713.693.86
P2O50.220.180.200.15
LOI3.032.762.401.75
Total99.3499.599.4299.55
Mg#48.5948.3649.5549.90
A/CNK0.920.910.931.17
V9787.199.344.6
Cr3329.734.66.45
Co13.611.613.55.91
Ni10.49.049.543.67
Ga21.319.920.624.6
Rb169112161150
Sr278263274279
Y22.521.625.412.9
Zr168.4154.9170.2136.5
Nb1511.713.411.5
Cs4.814.704.523.09
Ba8618657791216
La40.34543.130.8
Ce77.783.784.760.1
Pr9.529.8410.27.24
Nd34.935.437.426.4
Sm6.436.26.914.56
Eu1.191.271.340.97
Gd4.84.45.082.96
Tb0.810.770.90.51
Dy4.113.944.632.49
Ho0.80.760.910.45
Er2.342.282.711.28
Tm0.370.370.440.21
Yb2.312.242.661.25
Lu0.330.320.380.18
Hf4.84.34.74
Ta1.681.341.531.38
Th22.9222722.6
U3.832.914.22.5
∑REE185.9196.4201.4139.4
δEu0.630.710.660.76
(La/Yb)N11.7613.5110.9216.55
(La/Sm)N4.054.694.034.36
(Gd/Yb)N1.681.581.541.9
104×Ga/Al1.461.381.401.72
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破城山花岗闪长岩:北山北带早古生代洋盆俯冲作用的产物
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王怀涛 1, 2, 3 , 徐磊 1, 2, 3, * , 脱世博 1, 2, 3 , 刘胜江 1, 2, 3 , 张海峰 1, 2, 3 , 唐文轶 4
西北地质 | 中亚成矿域关键矿产研究进展 2026,59(3): 143-155
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破城山花岗闪长岩:北山北带早古生代洋盆俯冲作用的产物
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王怀涛1, 2, 3 , 徐磊1, 2, 3, * , 脱世博1, 2, 3, 刘胜江1, 2, 3, 张海峰1, 2, 3, 唐文轶4
作者信息
  • 1甘肃省地学大数据工程研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 2甘肃省地质调查院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 3甘肃省矿产资源勘查重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 4成都理工大学,四川 成都 610059
通讯作者:
徐磊(1986−),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事区域地质矿产调查研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

王怀涛(1985−),男,高级工程师,博士,从事矿产勘查及地学大数据方法技术研究工作。E−mail:

Pochengshan Granodiorite:the Product of Early Paleozoic Ocean Basin Subduction in the Beishanbei North Belt
Huaitao WANG1, 2, 3 , Lei XU1, 2, 3, * , Shibo TUO1, 2, 3, Shengjiang LIU1, 2, 3, Haifeng ZHANG1, 2, 3, Wenyi TANG4
Affiliations
  • 1Geoscience big data engineering research center of Gansu province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
  • 2Geological Survey of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Mineral Exploration, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
  • 4Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025081
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马鬃山弧是北山造山带重要的组成部分,其广泛分布的早古生代侵入岩,对研究北山地区早古生代构造岩浆演化具有重要意义。本次研究深入探讨了马鬃山弧中破城山花岗闪长岩的岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学特征。LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(451.4±1.9 )Ma(MSWD = 1.2),属晚奥陶世早期。岩石具较高的SiO2(62.25%~69.6%)、Al2O3(14.34%~14.68%)和Na2O+K2O(6.07%~6.44%),A/CNK为0.91~1.17,为高钾钙碱性、准铝质花岗岩。稀土元素配分曲线呈平缓右倾模式,轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K等)相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti等亏损。研究表明,破城山花岗闪长岩是俯冲环境下新生下地壳在幔源岩浆底侵作用下发生部分熔融的产物,且岩浆源区遭受了俯冲带流体的交代和幔源组分的加入,是红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井蛇绿岩所代表的古大洋晚奥陶世早期向北俯冲的响应。

晚奥陶世  /  花岗闪长岩  /  锆石U-Pb定年  /  俯冲作用  /  破城山  /  北山北带

The Mazongshan arc is an important component of the Beishan orogenic belt, and its widely distributed Early Paleozoic intrusive rocks are of great significance for studying the early Paleozoic tectonic and magmatic evolution in the Beishan area. This study conducted petrological, geochemical, and zircon U-Pb geochronological studies on the Pochengshan granodiorite in the Mazongshan arc. The LA-ICP MS zircon U-Pb age is 451.4 ± 1.9 Ma (MSWD=1.2), indicating an early Late Ordovician period. The rock has high SiO2 (62.25-69.6%), Al2O3 (14.34-14.68%), Na2O+K2O (6.07-6.44%), and is a high potassium calcium alkaline, quasi aluminous granite. The distribution curve of rare earth elements shows a gentle right tilt, with light rare earth elements slightly enriched, enriched in large ion lithophilic elements (such as Rb, Ba, Th, K), and depleted in high field strength elements (such as Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Ti). The geochemical characteristics indicate that the Pochengshan granodiorite is a product of partial melting of the newly formed lower crust under the influence of mantle derived magma intrusion in a subduction environment, and the magma source area has been subjected to the alteration of subduction zone fluids and the addition of mantle derived components. It is a response to the northward subduction of the early Late Ordovician in the ancient ocean represented by the Hongliuhe Niujuanzi Xichangjing ophiolite.

Late Ordovician  /  granodiorite  /  zircon U-Pb dating  /  subduction  /  Pochengshan  /  Beishanbei north belt
王怀涛, 徐磊, 脱世博, 刘胜江, 张海峰, 唐文轶. 破城山花岗闪长岩:北山北带早古生代洋盆俯冲作用的产物. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 143 -155 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025081
Huaitao WANG, Lei XU, Shibo TUO, Shengjiang LIU, Haifeng ZHANG, Wenyi TANG. Pochengshan Granodiorite:the Product of Early Paleozoic Ocean Basin Subduction in the Beishanbei North Belt[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 143 -155 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025081
北山地区位于蒙–甘–新交界处,大地构造位置上处于哈萨克斯坦板块、塔里木板块和西伯利亚板块的接合带(图1a)。该区域历经多期次、多阶段的俯冲与地体拼合过程,区内频繁发育的岩浆作用对探讨中亚增生造山带的增生演化历史及板块俯冲–增生动力学机制具有重要科学价值(Xiao et al., 2010;Song et al., 2015;He et al., 2018)。北山地区花岗岩类岩石发育广泛,具多期次侵位特征,总的出露面积约占区域总面积30%,其中古生代花岗岩类占比约超过90%(杨合群等,2009)。前人对北山地区古生代花岗岩开展了一系列岩石学、地球化学、高精度年代学、Sr-Nd和锆石Hf 同位素等方面的研究(李伍平等,2001a,2001b;刘明强等,2005,2007;江思宏等,2006;赵泽辉等,2007;李舢等,2009,2011;杨合群等,2009,毛启贵等,2010;Xiao et al., 2010;张文等,2011;杨建国等,2012;朱江,2013;朱江等,2015;李小菲等,2015;Song et al., 2015;郑荣国等,2016;专少鹏等,2018;黄博涛等,2021;孙新春等,2021;吕鑫等,2022),由于对大地构造单元划分、蛇绿岩属性的认识不同,致使对同一时代花岗岩的成因及其形成环境的解释存在争议。但是学者们均认为北山地区奥陶纪—早中志留世的岩浆活动与洋盆俯冲作用有关(李敏等,2020;辛后田等,2020;黄博涛等,2021),而在是由哪个古洋盆俯冲及俯冲方向存在较大的争议(Xiao et al., 2010;Song et al., 2015;辛后田等,2020);部分学者认为晚志留世发生弧陆碰撞,并伴随后碰撞岩浆侵入(毛启贵等,2010;Song et al., 2015;李敏等2020);部分学者则认为该时期处于俯冲消减的环境(Xiao et al., 2010;He et al., 2018)。马鬃山弧作为北山地区早古生代岩浆活动活跃区域,是解析北山地区早古生代构造–岩浆演化过程的关键地段。笔者以北山北带明水地区1∶5万区域地质矿产调查为基础,选取工作区内破城山花岗闪长岩为研究对象,通过系统的岩石学、全岩地球化学及锆石原位U-Pb同位素年代学测定等方法,探讨北山北带早古生代构造–岩浆演化过程,旨在为中亚造山带中段南带的动力学机制和构造演化提供新的地质证据。
北山造山带作为中亚造山带南缘的重要组成部分,在漫长复杂的地质演化过程中形成了4条近EW向展布的蛇绿混杂岩带,自北向南依次为红石山–百合山–蓬勃山绿混杂岩带、芨芨台子–小黄山绿混杂岩带、红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井绿混杂岩带、辉铜山–帐房山蛇绿混杂岩带(王国强等,2021;陈阳阳等,2024;刘生荣等,2025;武磊等,2025)。由于学者们对蛇绿混杂岩的构造属性存在分歧,导致对北山地区的大地构造演化存在不同的认识,但是普遍认为北山地区的独特构造格局是由众多小的构造单元和构造块体拼接而成(左国朝等,1990)。红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带将北山地区划分为北山北带、北山南带两部分。其中,北山北带自北向南依次为雀儿山弧、黑鹰山–旱山弧、马鬃山弧(公婆泉–东七一山弧),北山南带自北向南为双鹰山–花牛山弧和石板山弧(图1b,Xiao et al., 2010;吕鑫等,2022;王必任等,2024;查显锋等,2024)。
研究区位于北山北段西段的芨芨台子–小黄山蛇绿岩带南侧的马鬃山弧内(图1b),寒武纪—早石炭世马鬃山弧岩浆活动十分强烈,且早古生代的岩体多数已发生强烈的变形(Song et al., 2013a, 2013b, 2015;Zheng et al., 2018;李敏等,2020;黄博涛等,2021)。笔者研究的花岗闪长岩岩体分布于破城山南部,呈近EW向条带状展布,由南北2个侵入体组成,北部侵入体两侧均与破城山蛇绿混杂岩呈构造接触,西南侧与三叠纪珊瑚井组呈角度不整合接触;南部侵入体与三叠纪珊瑚井组呈角度不整合接触(图2)。
本次研究的花岗闪长岩手标本呈浅灰色–灰白色,具中粒花岗结构(图3)。岩石由斜长石(55%~60%)、钾长石(10% ±)、石英(20%±)、角闪石(5% ±)、黑云母(5%~10%)和少量副矿物(磷灰石、锆石等)组成,矿物粒径为2~5 mm。斜长石呈灰白色板条状半自形,具一定程度的绢云母化、黏土化蚀变(图3);钾长石以微斜长石为主,多呈半自形–他形厚板状;石英呈他形粒状,局部破碎,可见波状消光;黑云母呈片状,多具绿泥石化蚀变;磷灰石(<1%)和锆石(<0.5%)多呈星散状分布。岩石普遍发育晚期热液蚀变特征,以黏土化和绿泥石化为典型特征。
本次研究样品的全岩主微量元素分析实验均在湖北省地质实验测试中心完成。其中主量元素含量测定采用XRF-1800型X射线荧光光谱仪,分析误差在3%以内;微量元素含量分析采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),测得的元素含量相对标准偏差(RSD)被控制在5%以内。
在武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司进行锆石挑选、锆石制靶及锆石原位U-Pb同位素定年实验。通过样品粉碎、重液分选、电磁分选以及显微镜挑选等过程,将挑选出的单颗粒锆石颗粒镶嵌于环氧树脂中进行抛光处理,之后通过阴极发光、透射光、反射光拍照获取锆石微观形态特征。锆石原位微区U-Pb同位素定年采用Agilent 7900 ICP-MS与GeoLas HD 193 nm准分子激光系统联用设备,激光束斑直径为32 μm,激光能量设定为80 mJ,频率为5 Hz。外部标样采用91500,元素含量校正分别以NIST SRM 612和29Si作为外标和内标。实验具体原理、步骤及数据处理参方法见参考文献(Yuan et al., 2004)。
本次实验共选取32颗锆石作为样本,每颗锆石设置一个测点,共计32个测点(表1)。挑选出的锆石自形程度较高,呈柱状,长轴为70~270 μm,长宽比2∶1~4∶1,呈现出典型的岩浆振荡环带(图4);锆石Th/U值在0.24~1.14(平均值为0.51),表明其属岩浆锆石成因(向浩予等,2025;魏博等,2025;赵文涛等,2025)。锆石206Pb/238U年龄为(447±4)Ma~(463±5)Ma,加权平均年龄为(451.4±1.9)Ma(MSWD = 1.6, n=32)(图5)。表明该岩体的形成时代为晚奥陶世。
破城山花岗闪长岩花岗闪长岩具有富硅(SiO2=62.25%~69.6%)、铝(Al2O3=14.34%~14.68%),相对富钾贫钠(Na2O=2.15%~2.58%,K2O=3.69%~3.99%,K2O/Na2O=1.47~1.86),较低的镁(Mg=1.63%~2.67%)、钛(TiO2=0.38%~0.68%)、钙(CaO=2.1%~4.41%)含量的地球化学特征;A/CNK为0.91~1.17(平均值为0.98),为准铝质花岗岩(表2)。在A/CNK-A/NK图解中样品主要落在准铝质区域(图6a),在SiO2-K2O图解中样品落在高钾钙碱性系列区域(图6b)。
破城山花岗闪长岩总稀土含量为139.4×10−6~201.4×10−6,(La/Yb)N值为10.92~16.55,(La/Sm)N 值为4.03~4.69,δEu值为0.63~0.76(表2)。在球粒陨石标准化配分模式图中(图7a),表现为轻稀土元素(LREE)强烈富集、重稀土元素(HREE)亏损的右倾型式以及弱的负铕异常特征。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图中(图7b),表现出大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Th、U、K等)富集、高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta、Ti等)亏损的特征。
破城山花岗闪长岩的104×Ga/Al(1.38~1.72)低于典型A型花岗岩的值(>2.6,Whalen et al., 1987),P2O5含量较低(0.15%~0.22%,仅一个样品值为0.22%),且与SiO2呈负相关关系,A/CNK为0.91~1.17(除样品XQ-4外,其余样品的A/CNK<1.1),呈现I型花岗岩的部分特征。在K2O-Na2O图解中样品点均落在S型花岗岩区(图8)。因此,笔者认为破城山花岗闪长岩应属S型花岗岩,兼具部分I型花岗岩特征。
破城山花岗闪长岩的Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)亏损,轻稀土元素(LREE)相对重稀土元素(HREE)明显富集、轻重稀土分馏中等及弱铕异常特征的稀土配分特征,显示出俯冲带岩浆作用的地球化学特征。岩石的Nb/La值为 0.26~0.37,接近典型岛弧岩浆岩(约 0.3);Hf/Th值为0.18~0.21,位于岛弧玄武岩Hf/Th值(<8)的范围内(Condie, 1989)。在R1-R2判别图解(图9a)和Rb-(Y+Nb)判别图解中(图9b),全部破城山花岗闪长岩样品分别落入碰撞前区域、火山弧区域。柳园地区发现的451 Ma富Nb玄武岩(Mao et al., 2012)和465 Ma榴辉岩(Liu et al., 2011),表明中奥陶世晚期北山地区处于洋壳俯冲阶段。因此,破城山花岗闪长岩应为俯冲环境下活动大陆边缘弧岩浆作用的产物。
岩石具较高的SiO2(62.25%~69.9%)、Yb(1.25~2.66,平均值为2.12×10−6)和Y(12.9~69.925.4,平均值为20.6×10−6),较低的MgO(1.63%~2.67%,)、Ni(3.67×10−6~10.4×10−6,)、Cr(6.45×10−6~34.6×10−6)含量;Nb/Ta值(8.3~8.9)与近似于下地壳平均值(8.3)(Rudnick et al., 2003),Zr/Nb值(11.2~13.2,平均值为12.3)与大陆地壳(16.2)接近,La/Nb值(2.7~3.9,平均值为3.1)与大陆地壳(2.2)和上地壳(2.8)相应值相近(Saunder et al., 1988;Weaver,1991);蛛网图显示岩石相对富集Zr、Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti;这些地球化学特征指示破城山花岗闪长岩可能是下地壳部分熔融的产物(Davies et al., 1987;Condie,1989)。实验岩石学表明下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融形成熔体的Mg#值通常低于40(Rapp et al., 1991),而破城山花岗闪长岩的Mg#值为48.36~49.55,指示岩浆源区有幔源组分的加入(郑荣国等,2016;张云等,2019),但较低的MgO、Cr、Ni含量说明幔源组分的加入较为有限。岩浆作用过程(如部分熔融、分离结晶作用)不会改Nb/U,但是在俯冲带脱水过程中,大离子亲石元素(LILE)优先迁移至流体相,大离子亲石元素(LILE)保留在金红石、钛铁矿等残留矿物中,导致俯冲流体呈现较低的Nb/U 值(约0.22),破城山花岗闪长岩Nb/U值(3.19~4.60),远低于下地壳(25),指示其源区可能遭受了俯冲板片脱水形成的流体交代作用的影响(张云等,2019)。
综上所述,在晚奥陶世俯冲环境下,地幔楔受俯冲板片析出流体交代而发生部分熔融,随后幔源岩浆上升底侵加热下地壳,导致下地壳也发生部分熔融,俯冲带流体对熔融岩浆进行了交代,并伴有幔源组分加入,壳源岩浆上侵并冷却凝固形成破城山花岗闪长岩。
随着研究持续深入,众多高精度测年数据将辉铜山–账房山蛇绿混杂岩中的辉长岩形成时间限定在362~446 Ma,红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩中的辉长岩、斜长花岗岩的形成时间限定在446~536 Ma,芨芨台子–小黄山蛇绿混杂岩中的辉长岩、玄武岩的形成时间限定在321~336 Ma,红石山–百合山–蓬勃山蛇绿混杂岩中的辉长岩、斜长花岗岩的形成时间限定在297~357 Ma(王国强等,2021)。高精度测年结果显示,红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带存在目前中国境内古亚洲洋报道 的最老年龄,即早寒武世。红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井–月牙山蛇绿混杂岩带南侧柳园地区发现的451 Ma富Nb玄武岩(Mao et al., 2012)和465 Ma榴辉岩(Liu et al., 2011),表明古亚洲洋在中奥陶世发生了南向俯冲;其北侧发现的形成于岛弧环境的破城山花岗闪长岩(451.4±1.9) Ma、石板井地区石英闪长岩(464 Ma)、高镁闪长岩(456 Ma)(专少鹏等,2018),指示古亚洲洋在中奥陶世发生南北双向俯冲。志留纪期间,北山洋盆存在大规模双向俯冲作用(戴霜等,2003),向北俯冲于马鬃山地块之下,造就了马鬃山弧(公婆泉–东七一山弧)(图10),红柳河北、星星峡、骆驼圈、伊哈托里、大狐狸山等地与俯冲作用相关岩浆岩(425~441 Ma)的发现(李伍平等,2001b;王国强,2015),佐证了这一观点;向南俯冲至敦煌地块之下,形成花牛山岩浆弧(图10),且一直持续到早志留世晚期(李小菲等,2015)。北山地区发现的后碰撞花岗岩(早泥盆世)及侵入红柳河蛇绿岩中的花岗岩(年龄为404.8±5.2 Ma),共同指示红柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩所代表的古亚洲洋在早泥盆世之前已经闭合。
(1)LA-ICP-MS锆石原位U-Pb定年结果将破城山花岗闪长岩年龄限定在(451.4±1.9) Ma(中奥陶世)。岩石具高钾钙碱性、准铝质S型花岗岩的地球化学特征,同时兼具部分I型花岗岩特征。研究认为花岗闪长岩形成于俯冲环境,是幔源岩浆底侵加热下地壳导致的下地壳部分熔融的直接产物,同时岩浆源区经历了俯冲带流体的交代作用和幔源组分的混合。
(2)形成于火山弧环境的破城山花岗闪长岩的发现,为柳河–牛圈子–洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带所代表的古亚洲洋在晚奥陶世发生南北双向俯冲提供了岩石学和年代学依据。

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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025081
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
  • 修回日期:2025-05-20
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    1甘肃省地学大数据工程研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2甘肃省地质调查院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3甘肃省矿产资源勘查重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4成都理工大学,四川 成都 610059

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徐磊(1986−),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事区域地质矿产调查研究工作。E−mail:。
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