Article(id=1307087185136607369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707148800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-06, revisedDate=1743004800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-27, acceptedDate=1743350400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-31, onlineDate=1789563469441, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563469441, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563469441, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563469441, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307047751552885541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789554067743, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616259011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=97, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307087185572814986, articleId=1307087185136607369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Gold Occurrence of the Micro-Disseminated Gold Deposits in Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin, South Qinling Orogenic Belt, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Zhen’an-Xunyang basin, an Early Paleozoic rifted basin situated in the central part of the South Qinling tectonic belt, has seen the discovery of several disseminated gold deposits, like Xiaohe, Huijiagou, and Wangzhuang in recent years. Understanding the occurrence state of gold in these deposits is crucial for uncovering the regional gold mineralization enrichment mechanism. This study focuses on two fine-disseminated gold deposits, Wangzhuang and Laojunmiao, by carrying out the systematic microscopic identification and EPMA analysis. These gold deposits exhibit low-grade and metallic sulfide-hosted mineralization. Three types of pyrite closely associated with gold mineralization are identified in the region: arsenic-free pyrite (Py1, Py2), arsenic-bearing pyrite (arsenopyrite) (Py3, Apy), and arsenic-poor pyrite (Py4), with gold enrichment mainly observed after Py2. The Co/Ni ratios of the ore-forming pyrite during the mineralization period typically fall between 1 to 10, indicating a hydrothermal origin linked to the influx of arsenic-bearing hydrothermal fluids. Furthermore, based on the Au-As relationship, it is tentatively suggested that gold elements in the fine-disseminated gold deposits in the area are primarily present in lattice gold form within pyrite and arsenopyrite.

, authors=Wuyi MENG, Liyong WEI*, Yongbao GAO, Zhen ZHANG, Yingtian TIAN, Xianchen LI, Huanhuan WU, Di HAO, Bin JIA, authorsList=Wuyi MENG, Liyong WEI, Yongbao GAO, Zhen ZHANG, Yingtian TIAN, Xianchen LI, Huanhuan WU, Di HAO, Bin JIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liyong WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307087191012827293, articleId=1307087185136607369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=南秦岭镇旬盆地微细浸染型金矿床中金的赋存状态研究, columnId=1307047752601461543, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

镇旬盆地是南秦岭构造带中部的早古生代断陷盆地,近年在盆地中部发现多处微细浸染型金矿床(包括小河、惠家沟、王庄等),查明矿床中金的赋存状态对揭示区域金成矿富集机制具有重要的意义。笔者以王庄、老君庙两个微细浸染型金矿床为研究对象,通过系统的镜下鉴定和EPMA分析进行成因研究。区内金矿床均表现出低品位、载金矿物为金属硫化物等特征,区域内主要发育3类与金成矿密切相关的黄铁矿:无砷黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)、含砷黄铁矿(毒砂)(Py3、Apy)、贫砷黄铁矿(Py4),Au元素的富集主要位于Py2之后。成矿期黄铁矿Co/Ni值主要为1~10,为热液成因,且与含砷热液加入有关。此外,结合Au-As关系,初步判断区内微细浸染型金矿床中金元素主要以晶格金形式赋存于黄铁矿、毒砂中。

, authors=孟五一, 魏立勇*, 高永宝, 张振, 田映天, 李先晨, 吴欢欢, 郝迪, 贾彬, authorsList=孟五一, 魏立勇, 高永宝, 张振, 田映天, 李先晨, 吴欢欢, 郝迪, 贾彬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=魏立勇, authorNote=

孟五一(1989−),男,工程师,硕士研究生,矿床学及矿床地球化学。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
魏立勇(1981−),男,正高级工程师,主要从事矿产地质调查及成矿规律研究。E−mail:。
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孟五一(1989−),男,工程师,硕士研究生,矿床学及矿床地球化学。E−mail:

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孟五一(1989−),男,工程师,硕士研究生,矿床学及矿床地球化学。E−mail:

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Mineralium Deposita, 2002, 37(3−4): 352−377., articleTitle=Geology, distribution, and classification of gold deposits in the western Qinling belt, central China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307087233857642792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=11, pageStart=1459, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=Minerals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meng W, Liu J, Wu H, et al. Metallogenic Mechanism of Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin, in the South Qinling of China: Constraints of In Situ Trace Elements and S Isotopes from Newly Discovered Wangzhuang Gold Deposit[J]. Minerals, 2023, 13(11): 1459., articleTitle=Metallogenic Mechanism of Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin, in the South Qinling of China: Constraints of In Situ Trace Elements and S Isotopes from Newly Discovered Wangzhuang Gold Deposit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307087233916363049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=95, issue=null, pageStart=79, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=Ore Geology Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Morishita Y, Shimada N, Shimada K. Invisible gold in arsenian pyrite from the high-grade Hishikari gold deposit, Japan: Significance of variation and distribution of Au/As ratios in pyrite[J]. 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Economic Geology, 2018, 113(7): 1627−1652., articleTitle=Magmatic origin for sediment-hosted au deposits, Guizhou Province, China: In situ chemistry and sulfur isotope composition of pyrites, shuiyindong and Jinfeng deposits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307087235266928946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=107, issue=5, pageStart=914, pageEnd=929, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=American Mineralogist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang H, Cai Y, Sha G, et al. Effects of arsenic on the distribution and mode of occurrence of gold during fluid-pyrite interaction: A case study of pyrite from the Qiucun gold deposit, China[J]. American Mineralogist, 2022, 107(5): 914−929., articleTitle=Effects of arsenic on the distribution and mode of occurrence of gold during fluid-pyrite interaction: A case study of pyrite from the Qiucun gold deposit, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307087235522781491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=8, pageStart=1519, pageEnd=1536, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=Mineralium Deposita, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao G, Zhai D, Liu J, et al. Fluid inclusion and H–O-S-Pb isotope constraints on the origin of carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb mineralization at Gongguan, Central China[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2023, 58(8): 1519−1536., articleTitle=Fluid inclusion and H–O-S-Pb isotope constraints on the origin of carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb mineralization at Gongguan, Central China, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307087193135145118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307087193143533727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, companyId=1307087193135145118, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710199, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307087193151922336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, companyId=1307087193135145118, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710199)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307087207852957913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Tectonic divisions and gold distribution in the Qinling Orogenic Belt and (b) geologic map of the Zhen’an-Xunyang basin, figureFileSmall=S7Uwfzn3FCU7lOOmS/cXeA==, figureFileBig=qofkCnoMBtpbgXqoIyYrGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087207915872474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=CN, label=图1, caption=秦岭造山带构造分区、金矿分布(a)与镇旬盆地地质简图(b)

图a据Dong et al. (2016)、Chen et al. (2014)、Liu et al. (2015)、Ma et al. (2020)修改;图b据Ma et al. (2020)修改

, figureFileSmall=S7Uwfzn3FCU7lOOmS/cXeA==, figureFileBig=qofkCnoMBtpbgXqoIyYrGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087208628904155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The characteristic of orebody in Wangzhuang gold mine, figureFileSmall=hBxtR/hX+z6AHvu8ClEKXg==, figureFileBig=LAP9z6IPMh7+6o5T7Ni7kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087208700207324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=CN, label=图2, caption=王庄金矿矿体特征

a. 王庄金矿区地质图;b~f. 王庄金矿矿化蚀变特征

, figureFileSmall=hBxtR/hX+z6AHvu8ClEKXg==, figureFileBig=LAP9z6IPMh7+6o5T7Ni7kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087209039945949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The characteristic of orebody in Laojunmiao gold mine, figureFileSmall=P5bKa2q1wM+tVt4j5QgI+Q==, figureFileBig=sq2PIfjxhalKsNjb9K6MWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087210713473247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=CN, label=图3, caption=老君庙金矿矿体特征

a. 老君庙金矿区地质图;b~c. 老君庙矿区矿化蚀变特征

, figureFileSmall=P5bKa2q1wM+tVt4j5QgI+Q==, figureFileBig=sq2PIfjxhalKsNjb9K6MWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087210793165024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The mineral structure of (a~f) Wangzhuang and (g~l) Laojunmiao gold deposts, figureFileSmall=Rs7t10v3FeaneWxyA2vc8w==, figureFileBig=LIPzQ+w/aXMoX0sby6vJuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307087211158069474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=CN, label=图4, caption=王庄金矿(a~f)与老君庙金矿(g~l)矿物组构

a~c、g~i. 反射光下照片;d~e、j~l. BSE照片;Py1. 成矿前草莓状、胶状黄铁矿;Py2. 成矿前自形–半自形黄铁矿;Py3. 主成矿期含砷黄铁矿;Py4. 成矿后贫砷黄铁矿;Apy. 毒砂

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含砷黄铁矿中晶格金的富集极限来自Reich et al. (2005);WZ-LA来自Meng et al. (2023)

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EPMA results of each stage in Wangzhuang gold depost (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验对象AsAuSSePbFeAgCoTeNiSbCuZnTotal
Py40.130.1450.41bdl0.1947.60bdl0.13bdl0.09bdl0.120.0798.86
Py40.050.1350.51bdl0.1147.72bdl0.040.01bdlbdlbdlbdl98.59
Py43.37bdl49.96bdl0.2145.430.020.01bdl0.100.03bdlbdl99.14
Py40.15bdl51.260.020.1547.36bdl0.150.02bdlbdl0.030.0499.19
Py33.460.0850.770.030.2544.910.070.13bdl0.05bdlbdlbdl99.75
Py33.600.0648.160.040.1846.440.010.12bdl0.10bdl0.090.1598.94
Py30.18bdl50.240.020.2847.27bdl0.18bdl0.08bdlbdlbdl98.24
Apy44.160.0220.900.250.1335.72bdlbdlbdlbdlbdl0.010.08101.26
Apy42.17bdl20.310.210.1635.150.020.030.010.03bdl0.010.1098.19
Apy42.000.1320.970.230.0535.89bdlbdl0.030.05bdlbdl0.0999.44
Apy41.75bdl20.900.190.0435.720.050.02bdl0.01bdl0.13bdl98.80
Apy40.510.0520.430.22bdl37.090.080.07bdl0.01bdl0.05bdl98.51
Apy40.530.0320.790.250.0636.56bdl0.10bdl0.02bdlbdlbdl98.35
Apy43.250.1221.870.160.1335.590.060.030.010.08bdlbdlbdl101.31
Apy43.580.0621.500.170.2435.55bdl0.08bdl0.06bdl0.010.08101.32
Apy43.96bdl19.830.120.1736.02bdl0.06bdlbdlbdl0.09bdl100.25
Apy43.39bdl20.160.210.0635.280.03bdl0.020.01bdl0.01bdl99.17
Apy43.42bdl19.430.170.1835.09bdl0.12bdl0.03bdl0.010.0798.53
Py20.21bdl51.05bdl0.1546.200.030.140.050.08bdl0.13bdl98.03
Py20.08bdl54.40bdlbdl46.48bdl0.10bdl0.190.04bdlbdl101.28
Py20.03bdl52.66bdl0.1046.38bdl0.06bdlbdl0.02bdl0.0799.31
Py10.19bdl50.66bdl0.2647.570.100.07bdl0.05bdlbdl0.1399.03
), ArticleFig(id=1307087213657874670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

王庄金矿各阶段电子探针(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验对象AsAuSSePbFeAgCoTeNiSbCuZnTotal
Py40.130.1450.41bdl0.1947.60bdl0.13bdl0.09bdl0.120.0798.86
Py40.050.1350.51bdl0.1147.72bdl0.040.01bdlbdlbdlbdl98.59
Py43.37bdl49.96bdl0.2145.430.020.01bdl0.100.03bdlbdl99.14
Py40.15bdl51.260.020.1547.36bdl0.150.02bdlbdl0.030.0499.19
Py33.460.0850.770.030.2544.910.070.13bdl0.05bdlbdlbdl99.75
Py33.600.0648.160.040.1846.440.010.12bdl0.10bdl0.090.1598.94
Py30.18bdl50.240.020.2847.27bdl0.18bdl0.08bdlbdlbdl98.24
Apy44.160.0220.900.250.1335.72bdlbdlbdlbdlbdl0.010.08101.26
Apy42.17bdl20.310.210.1635.150.020.030.010.03bdl0.010.1098.19
Apy42.000.1320.970.230.0535.89bdlbdl0.030.05bdlbdl0.0999.44
Apy41.75bdl20.900.190.0435.720.050.02bdl0.01bdl0.13bdl98.80
Apy40.510.0520.430.22bdl37.090.080.07bdl0.01bdl0.05bdl98.51
Apy40.530.0320.790.250.0636.56bdl0.10bdl0.02bdlbdlbdl98.35
Apy43.250.1221.870.160.1335.590.060.030.010.08bdlbdlbdl101.31
Apy43.580.0621.500.170.2435.55bdl0.08bdl0.06bdl0.010.08101.32
Apy43.96bdl19.830.120.1736.02bdl0.06bdlbdlbdl0.09bdl100.25
Apy43.39bdl20.160.210.0635.280.03bdl0.020.01bdl0.01bdl99.17
Apy43.42bdl19.430.170.1835.09bdl0.12bdl0.03bdl0.010.0798.53
Py20.21bdl51.05bdl0.1546.200.030.140.050.08bdl0.13bdl98.03
Py20.08bdl54.40bdlbdl46.48bdl0.10bdl0.190.04bdlbdl101.28
Py20.03bdl52.66bdl0.1046.38bdl0.06bdlbdl0.02bdl0.0799.31
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EPMA results of each stage in Laojunmiao gold depost (%)

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Py41.490.3552.780.030.1546.21bdl0.05bdlbdlbdlbdlbdl101.06
Py41.21bdl52.87bdl0.0846.720.060.08bdl0.020.03bdl0.01101.08
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Py20.89bdl52.380.020.2345.670.020.13bdl0.03bdlbdl0.0199.37
Py20.62bdl53.540.010.2646.140.040.11bdl0.09bdl0.010.07100.89
Py20.770.2153.09bdl0.1646.120.020.14bdlbdlbdlbdlbdl100.51
Py20.04bdl52.22bdl0.1145.950.050.05bdl0.06bdl0.01bdl98.49
Py20.07bdl51.920.010.1646.92bdl0.060.01bdlbdl0.080.0499.27
Py20.13bdl52.95bdl0.1646.630.020.10bdl0.01bdl0.25bdl100.26
Py2bdlbdl53.590.020.3546.68bdl0.060.030.05bdlbdl0.11100.88
Apy29.35bdl32.020.14bdl39.03bdlbdlbdl0.020.010.08bdl100.65
Apy42.610.1221.070.180.1735.11bdl0.08bdl0.10bdlbdlbdl99.44
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老君庙金矿各阶段电子探针(%)

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Py31.470.2251.990.010.1445.79bdl0.14bdlbdl0.010.070.1199.95
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Py37.21bdl48.260.060.1744.53bdlbdlbdlbdl0.02bdlbdl100.24
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南秦岭镇旬盆地微细浸染型金矿床中金的赋存状态研究
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孟五一 , 魏立勇 * , 高永宝 , 张振 , 田映天 , 李先晨 , 吴欢欢 , 郝迪 , 贾彬
西北地质 | 西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026,59(1): 97-109
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西北地质 |西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026 , 59 (1) : 97 -109
南秦岭镇旬盆地微细浸染型金矿床中金的赋存状态研究
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[Author(id=1307087193235808418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wuyi4960@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307087193785262244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, authorId=1307087193235808418, language=EN, stringName=Wuyi MENG, firstName=Wuyi, middleName=null, lastName=MENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710199, Shaanxi, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1307087193990783141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307087185136607369, authorId=1307087193235808418, language=CN, stringName=孟五一, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710199, bio={"content":"

孟五一(1989−),男,工程师,硕士研究生,矿床学及矿床地球化学。E−mail:

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孟五一(1989−),男,工程师,硕士研究生,矿床学及矿床地球化学。E−mail:

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孟五一 , 魏立勇* , 高永宝, 张振, 田映天, 李先晨, 吴欢欢, 郝迪, 贾彬
作者信息
  • 中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710199
通讯作者:
魏立勇(1981−),男,正高级工程师,主要从事矿产地质调查及成矿规律研究。E−mail:。
作者简介:

孟五一(1989−),男,工程师,硕士研究生,矿床学及矿床地球化学。E−mail:

Gold Occurrence of the Micro-Disseminated Gold Deposits in Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin, South Qinling Orogenic Belt
Wuyi MENG , Liyong WEI* , Yongbao GAO, Zhen ZHANG, Yingtian TIAN, Xianchen LI, Huanhuan WU, Di HAO, Bin JIA
Affiliations
  • Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710199, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025051
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镇旬盆地是南秦岭构造带中部的早古生代断陷盆地,近年在盆地中部发现多处微细浸染型金矿床(包括小河、惠家沟、王庄等),查明矿床中金的赋存状态对揭示区域金成矿富集机制具有重要的意义。笔者以王庄、老君庙两个微细浸染型金矿床为研究对象,通过系统的镜下鉴定和EPMA分析进行成因研究。区内金矿床均表现出低品位、载金矿物为金属硫化物等特征,区域内主要发育3类与金成矿密切相关的黄铁矿:无砷黄铁矿(Py1、Py2)、含砷黄铁矿(毒砂)(Py3、Apy)、贫砷黄铁矿(Py4),Au元素的富集主要位于Py2之后。成矿期黄铁矿Co/Ni值主要为1~10,为热液成因,且与含砷热液加入有关。此外,结合Au-As关系,初步判断区内微细浸染型金矿床中金元素主要以晶格金形式赋存于黄铁矿、毒砂中。

金的赋存状态  /  黄铁矿  /  微细浸染型金矿  /  南秦岭

The Zhen’an-Xunyang basin, an Early Paleozoic rifted basin situated in the central part of the South Qinling tectonic belt, has seen the discovery of several disseminated gold deposits, like Xiaohe, Huijiagou, and Wangzhuang in recent years. Understanding the occurrence state of gold in these deposits is crucial for uncovering the regional gold mineralization enrichment mechanism. This study focuses on two fine-disseminated gold deposits, Wangzhuang and Laojunmiao, by carrying out the systematic microscopic identification and EPMA analysis. These gold deposits exhibit low-grade and metallic sulfide-hosted mineralization. Three types of pyrite closely associated with gold mineralization are identified in the region: arsenic-free pyrite (Py1, Py2), arsenic-bearing pyrite (arsenopyrite) (Py3, Apy), and arsenic-poor pyrite (Py4), with gold enrichment mainly observed after Py2. The Co/Ni ratios of the ore-forming pyrite during the mineralization period typically fall between 1 to 10, indicating a hydrothermal origin linked to the influx of arsenic-bearing hydrothermal fluids. Furthermore, based on the Au-As relationship, it is tentatively suggested that gold elements in the fine-disseminated gold deposits in the area are primarily present in lattice gold form within pyrite and arsenopyrite.

gold occurrence  /  pyrite  /  micro-disseminated gold deposits  /  South Qinling
孟五一, 魏立勇, 高永宝, 张振, 田映天, 李先晨, 吴欢欢, 郝迪, 贾彬. 南秦岭镇旬盆地微细浸染型金矿床中金的赋存状态研究. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (1) : 97 -109 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025051
Wuyi MENG, Liyong WEI, Yongbao GAO, Zhen ZHANG, Yingtian TIAN, Xianchen LI, Huanhuan WU, Di HAO, Bin JIA. Gold Occurrence of the Micro-Disseminated Gold Deposits in Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin, South Qinling Orogenic Belt[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (1) : 97 -109 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025051
金矿床中常见的微细浸染状黄铁矿–毒砂矿化中存在大量的“不可见金”,探究其当中Au元素的赋存状态对于理解金矿床的成矿过程和矿床成因具有重要的意义(Deditius et al., 2014; Ehrig et al., 2023)。黄铁矿作为热液系统当中的关键矿物,金在其中可富集到地壳丰度(约1×10–9)的100余倍(高永伟等, 2019; Pokrovski et al., 2021),并且这些矿物所含的大部分金是“不可见金”,金在黄铁矿中到底是以纳米颗粒还是呈固溶体状态也是目前矿床学的研究热点问题(Reich et al., 2005; 陈懋弘等, 2009; Xian et al., 2022; He et al., 2023)。通过对黄铁矿或毒砂当中的金的赋存状态研究,可以有效指示金的富集沉淀机制,揭示矿床成因,指导矿石选冶(刘家军等, 2010; 李楠等, 2019)。
秦岭地区是世界最重要的微细浸染型金矿成矿省之一,区内金矿主要发育在泥盆纪至三叠纪地层中,赋矿围岩多为碳酸盐岩及细碎屑岩(陈衍景等, 2004)。镇旬盆地是秦岭造山带之南秦岭早古生代中的一个断陷盆地,盆地中部南羊山断裂带控制着区内一系列矿床的展布,是一个巨大的“聚宝盆”(唐永忠等, 2016)。盆地北部发育有金龙山微细浸染型金矿(赵利青等, 2001),盆地中部自西向东发育有小河、惠家沟等微细浸染型金矿及公馆、青铜沟中低温热液型汞锑矿(孟五一等, 2021,2024; Zhao et al., 2023),盆地南部发育有泗人沟、关子沟等热水喷流沉积型铅锌矿(侯满堂等, 2006),形成了围绕南羊山断裂展布的金–汞(锑)–铅锌成矿带。前人的研究主要聚焦于区内两个汞锑矿床的研究,对金矿床主要开展了宏观的构造及蚀变特征等描述性工作,金矿床的成矿理论研究相对薄弱。然而,近年随着找矿突破行动的展开,在盆地中部新发现多处微细浸染型金矿床,如王庄、老君庙金矿床。因而,笔者通过对王庄、老君庙微细浸染型金矿床的矿物组构及成分开展研究,进而分析其载金矿物特征及其中Au元素的富集规律,对区内成矿理论研究具有实际意义。
秦岭造山带地处华北板块与扬子板块碰撞的结合部位,属于中央造山带重要组成部分,为长期发展演化的复合型大陆造山带(殷鸿福等, 1998; 张国伟, 2001; Dong et al., 2016)。从北向南以灵宝–武阳区域断裂带、商丹缝合带和勉略缝合带为界,将其划分为为华北板块南缘(S-NCB)、北秦岭(NQB)、南秦岭(SQB)及扬子板块北缘(N-SCB)4个次级构造单元(图1)(Dong et al., 2016)。秦岭构造带是中国重要的有色金属和贵金属成矿带之一(陈衍景等, 2004;陈龙龙等,2024)。近30年来,先后发现寨上、阳山、大水、金龙山、八卦庙等一大批大型–超大型金矿床,且秦岭地区超90%金矿赋存于泥盆系中(Mao et al., 2002; 陈衍景等, 2004;焦阳等,2024;孟五一等,2024),赋矿围岩为浅变质岩、沉积岩。
镇旬盆地是南秦岭次级构造带中部的晚古生代断陷盆地,南部以安康断裂为边界,北至镇安–板岩镇断裂(图1)。区内构造格架主要受印支期碰撞造山作用和燕山期陆内造山作用控制,镇旬盆地自北向南可以分为金鸡岭复向斜、公馆–回龙复背斜、南羊山复向斜。复式背斜主要由志留系—泥盆系组成,复式向斜主要由泥盆系—三叠系组成(唐永忠等, 2016)。以上构造也控制着区内金属矿产的分布,北部以Au-Sb-Hg为主,矿床主要赋存于早泥盆世羊山组、铁山组灰岩夹钙质板岩以及晚石炭世袁家沟组钙质硅质粉砂岩中;中部以Hg-Sb-Au为主,金矿主要赋存于晚泥盆世西岔河组砂砾岩,早泥盆世铁山组、古道岭组当中的灰岩、粉砂岩形成的破碎带中,汞锑矿主要赋存于中泥盆世公馆组的白云岩中;南部为Pb-Zn,主要分布于志留纪梅子垭组的千枚岩、砂岩中(朱华平等, 2003; 唐永忠等; 2016)。笔者主要选取镇旬盆地中部展布的微细浸染型金矿床。
王庄金矿区出露地层主要为早泥盆世—晚石炭世铁山组、早泥盆世星红铺组。矿体主要赋存于铁山组碳酸盐岩夹细碎屑岩建造中,偏向于细碎屑岩一侧。Au元素异常自东向西延伸进入星红铺组灰岩、浅变质细碎屑岩中。王庄金矿地处砂硐沟向斜西北段,遥感显示西侧断层F12横穿矿区(图2a、图2b),构成了背斜加断裂的有利成矿部位,与F12相交的一系列次级层间破碎带是含矿的有利层位,也是王庄金矿的主要控矿构造。
王庄金矿矿石类型以碎裂岩化含毒砂泥钙质(碳质)千枚岩型为主。矿石构造整体为碎裂状,少量矿石存在后期交代重结晶现象,赋矿地层以铁山组泥质粉砂质千枚岩为主,围岩主要为灰岩(图2c、图2d、图2e、图2f)。微细粒含砷黄铁矿化、针状毒砂集合体与金品位关系较为密切,毒砂含量高的矿石,Au品位均较高。矿石矿物组成以黄铁矿、含砷黄铁矿、毒砂、闪锌矿、方铅矿、褐铁矿为主,脉石矿物以石英、方解石、高岭石等为主。
目前,王庄金矿圈定上部K1和隐伏矿体M1两条矿体,南侧发现一条矿化蚀变带S1。K1矿体在地表EW向延伸约480 m,平均品位为1.41 g/t,平均厚度为1.13 m;M1矿体平均品位为1.51 g/t,平均厚度为5.45 m。
老君庙矿区含矿地层以晚泥盆世西岔河组为主,为一套区域上相对稳定的石英砂岩与含燧石砂砾岩组合。矿区北侧出露地层以晚泥盆世公馆组白云岩为主,南侧为早志留世水洞沟组粉砂质泥质千枚岩。矿体的产出受构造和岩性双重因素控制,主要与构造发育程度关系密切。矿化体的形态受黄铁矿化石英砂岩内发育的一系列NE向次级构造、节理裂隙控制(图3a),金矿体的厚度、品位与构造发育程度、黄铁矿化蚀变程度呈正相关关系,矿体展布方向与构造延伸方向基本一致。主要蚀变为硅化、黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化、绿泥石化等(图3b、图3c)。
目前,矿区共圈定金矿体及盲矿体10余条。其中,NE向为主矿体,除K16矿体外,品位均为4.44 g/t,厚度也基本均为1~2 m;K16矿体品位为0.13~11.34 g/t,厚度为2.11~19.26 m。矿体整体的品位、厚度变化呈连续性,较为稳定,已达中型以上规模。
通过系统性的采集王庄和老君庙金矿的成矿带、蚀变带、围岩样品,进行详细的镜下鉴定工作。发现两个金矿床主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂,含有少量方铅矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物,均未见自然金。通过黄铁矿之间交生关系,两个矿床均可以分出4个阶段的黄铁矿。
Py1:主要为沉积成岩期形成,发育于砂屑灰岩、钙质(碳质)沉积岩中,主要呈草莓状或胶状集合体产出(图4a、图4g),形态较不规则,颗粒较小,一般小于5 um,集合体较大,中间夹杂有机质。
Py2:为Py1受区域浅变质作用重结晶形成。此阶段黄铁矿颗粒较大,多为立方体状,内部包裹有草莓状Py1(图4a、图4b、图4e、图4f~图4l)。
Py3:这一阶段的黄铁矿结构较复杂,普遍为含砷黄铁矿,结构以胶状、星点状、环带状产出(图4b、图4d、图4f~图4l),可见其交代前期形成的毒砂(图4d),以及与Py4呈环带状包裹前期形成的细粒黄铁矿(图4b、图4i)。这一阶段同时可见少量方铅矿呈他形结构,主要围绕黄铁矿或毒砂边部(图4e、图4f)。
Py4:晚阶段的他形黄铁矿,存在交代前期的毒砂、包裹前期形成的含砷黄铁矿,这一阶段黄铁矿在BSE下明显对比Py3亮度较低,说明不含砷或者砷含量较Py3明显降低,结构以他形、环带状为主(图4f、图4j)。
Apy:毒砂形成介于Py2与Py3之间(图4d、图4j),在王庄金矿中较为发育(图4c~图4e),老君庙金矿当中可见毒砂,含量相对较少,黄铁矿是主要金属硫化物。
本次分析测试样品均采自王庄、老君庙金矿,分别针对富矿体、蚀变带、围岩进行了系统性采样,在系统岩矿鉴定基础上进行电子探针分析。金属硫化物的电子探针在中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心实验室完成,测试仪器为岛津EPMA-1720HT型电子探针分析仪。测试条件:加速电压为15 kV,束斑电流为10 nA,束斑直径为1 um,峰值计数时间为20 s,背景计数时间为10 s。分析中使用黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、毒砂、硒化锌、硫化银、辉锑矿、碲化锗、方铅矿及单质金、镍、钴实验室标样。所有元素检测下限为0.01%,分析相对误差为±2%,测试精度为0.01%,所有数据进行了ZAF4基本校正。
王庄金矿的电子探针显示成矿前(Py1、Py2阶段)As元素含量较低,为0.03%~0.21%,未检测出Au元素;Py3中As含量为0.18%~3.46%,Au含量为0~0.08%,Apy中Au含量为0~0.12%;Py4中As含量为0.05%~3.37%,Au含量为0~0.14%(表1)。王庄金矿EPMA面扫描显示,成矿早期内核与外部含砷黄铁矿之间发育毒砂微细粒矿物(图5a、图5b),含砷黄铁矿外环As元素面扫描呈震荡环带(图5e),与S元素富集位置相反(图5e),Au元素在毒砂当中相对富集(图5d),Fe元素分布较为均匀,与As元素无明显相关性。
老君庙金矿的电子探针显示成矿早阶段黄铁矿(Py2阶段)As元素含量较低,为0~0.89%;除一个样点检测出存在Au,其余均未检测出Au元素;在主成矿期黄铁矿(Py3)中检测出As含量为0.17%~11.16%,检测出Au含量为0~0.22%,且大多数Py3中均可检测出Au元素;毒砂当中Au含量为0~0.12%;成矿晚期黄铁矿(Py4)中检测出As含量为0.81%~4.57%,检测出Au含量为0~0.35%(表2)。老君庙金矿EPMA面扫描显示,成矿早阶段形成的黄铁矿(Py2)与成矿晚阶段的黄铁矿(Py4)中基本上均没有As元素的显示(图6c),而Py4阶段的Au元素相对较高,As元素富集环带位置对应S元素有较大的贫化,Fe元素也有一定的减少(图6b、图6e),Pb元素的分布与Au元素分布特征相近,含量均较低。
成矿前王庄、老君庙金矿形成的Py1、Py2显示出贫砷、富Fe、S特征;主成矿阶段形成的Py3明显富集As元素,王庄金矿表现出S含量的减少,老君庙显示出S、Fe含量均有一定程度的减少,且这一阶段测出Au含量的点位较多;成矿晚阶段形成的Py4明显贫As,Au元素含量变化较大。综上所述,Py2之后存在明显的热液性质突变,这一阶段形成大量含砷矿物,主要为毒砂、含砷黄铁矿。伴随砷元素的进一步消耗,成矿晚阶段贫砷黄铁矿Py4形成(图4f、图4g)。根据黄铁矿的环带结构及Au元素含量变化,可以将单颗粒黄铁矿分为核部(Py1、Py2)、富砷环带(Apy、Py3)、贫砷外环带(Py4),依次对应成矿前、主成矿期及成矿期后热液活动3个阶段。
Au和As在含砷黄铁矿中的密切关系(Morishita et al., 2018; Xie et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2022),黄铁矿中As代入越多,晶体结构内部缺陷密度会越高,这种层错或者位错导致的As浓度增高是Au元素沉淀的主要原因(Gopon et al., 2019)。基于黄铁矿中Au与As密切的相关性,通过分析As元素代入情况来研究Au元素的活动特征成为一种有效手段(Deditius et al., 2008,2009)。As元素进入含砷黄铁矿可能存在以下几种表现形式:As−替代了黄铁矿中的S−(Reich et al., 2006; Blanchard et al., 2007);As3+或As2+代替Fe2+(Deditius et al., 2008; 杨荣生等, 2009; Qian et al., 2013);As以纳米粒子As0形式混入(Deditius et al., 2009)。Fe-S-As(at%)三元图解可以有效区分含砷黄铁矿中的取代关系(Deditius et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2022)。王庄、老君庙金矿的Fe-S-As(at%)三元图中显示出近乎平行于As-S含量分布的趋势线,说明含砷黄铁矿中主要表现为As取代了S(图7a),其次EPMA测定的As与S也呈强负相关(R=0.97),进一步证明了这一结果(图7b)。
王庄、老君庙金矿均未见自然金,Au元素主要以不可见金形式存在,赋存于黄铁矿、毒砂中。黄铁矿是微细浸染型金矿成矿过程中最重要的寄主矿物之一,含砷黄铁矿中不可见金主要以纳米颗粒形式或晶格金形式赋存(Reich et al., 2005; Filimonova et al., 2020)。利用原子探针层析成像(APT)研究微细浸染型(卡林型)金矿含砷黄铁矿,未发现存在金纳米团簇,Au原子与As原子结合,并以固溶体形式赋存(Gopon et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2022),也有在微细浸染型金矿中发现金纳米颗粒的存在于黄铁矿微裂隙中(Reich et al., 2005; Deditius et al., 2011; Cook et al., 2013; Liang et al., 2021)。Reich et al. (2005) 提出了黄铁矿中不同含量As元素对应的Au元素(晶格)溶解极限(C Au=0.02×C As + 4×10-5),在此极限以下黄铁矿中金元素以晶格金形式存在,在此极限以上黄铁矿中存在大量纳米颗粒金。
王庄金矿的黄铁矿La数据(Meng et al., 2023)均位于晶格金的范围内,其EPMA数据有部分点位于晶格金范围(图8),说明王庄金矿Au元素是以晶格金为主,含有少量纳米颗粒金。老君庙金矿的EPMA数据呈现出晶格金与纳米金共存的现象,Au元素波谱面扫描显示贫砷外环中Au元素含量稍高,可能反映了其外环带以纳米颗粒金为主。Reich et al. (2006)通过实验发现,当温度高于370 ℃时,观察到小于4 nm的金颗粒粗化(奥斯特瓦尔德熟化)。前人观察到铬铁矿床纳米颗粒也存在粗化现象(González-Jiménez et al., 2015),证明金属在宿主矿物中会发生后期变质作用再活化。老君庙金矿后期贫砷环带中富集纳米颗粒金,而早阶段富砷环带以晶格金为主,可能源于黄铁矿中的晶格金在后期热变质作用中形成。
因此,区内微细浸染型金矿含砷黄铁矿中Au元素应该是以晶格金为主要形式存在,但由于老君庙金矿在区域位置上更靠近区域南羊山断裂,成矿后期发生热作用的条件更充分,所以其呈现出纳米颗粒金的形式由于热变质导致的颗粒粗化。
黄铁矿、毒砂在各类金矿床中以载金矿物或蚀变矿物产出,对金矿床的成因和矿床类型的划分具有指示意义(Deditius et al., 2011; 曹根深等, 2023)。一般认为,不同成因类型的黄铁矿通常具有不同的Co/Ni值:沉积成因的黄铁矿Co/Ni<1;热液成因的黄铁矿1<Co/Ni<5;火山岩成因的黄铁矿Co/Ni>5(Bralia et al., 1979; Román et al., 2019)。王庄、老君庙金矿中的黄铁矿Co/Ni值为0.1~10,且大多为1~10,具有明显的热液黄铁矿特征(图9a)。王庄金矿Au元素含量较高的黄铁矿,其Co/Ni值也相对较高(图9b);老君庙中Au元素含量较高的黄铁矿,其Co/Ni值大多介于1附近。此外,存在Py3阶段部分黄铁矿中Co/Ni值大于20((图9b)。王庄金矿载金矿物毒砂中Co/Ni值相对较高(图9b、图9c),而老君庙金矿中主成矿期Py3中Co/Ni值具有相对较高的值(图9c),与As也表现出一定相关性。王庄、老君庙金矿主成矿期硫化物具有相对较高的Co/Ni值,可能指示形成黄铁矿的热液流体具有类似的特征。
因此,南秦岭镇旬盆地内部王庄、老君庙金矿的富集主要与含砷热液加入有关,在这一过程中形成大量含砷矿物(毒砂、黄铁矿),表现为As元素进入黄铁矿晶格过程中代替S元素,导致黄铁矿晶格内部的层错或位错,Au元素进入黄铁矿而富集成矿。在后期变形变质作用过程当中,对金矿床进行改造,导致Au元素从黄铁矿晶格析出,伴随奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程,部分矿床呈现出纳米颗粒金的状态。
(1)南秦岭微细浸染型金矿床形成均经历了多期的热液成矿作用,且Au含量与热液成矿期含砷矿物的形成关系密切。
(2)南秦岭旬北地区Au元素的富集均与As元素的加入有关,在As元素进入黄铁矿晶格过程,导致其内部结构的层错或位错,导致Au元素进入富集。
(3)南秦岭镇旬盆地内部微细浸染型金矿形成过程热液性质具有相似性,且其不可见金的赋存状态均以晶格金为主,伴有少量纳米颗粒金。

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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025051
  • 接收时间:2024-02-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06
  • 修回日期:2025-03-27
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    中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710199

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魏立勇(1981−),男,正高级工程师,主要从事矿产地质调查及成矿规律研究。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
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占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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