Article(id=1307047819764855518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2025033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728489600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-10, revisedDate=1735747200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-02, acceptedDate=1742054400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-16, onlineDate=1789554084006, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789554084006, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789554084006, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789554084006, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307047751552885541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789554067743, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616259011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=189, endPage=202, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307047819907461855, articleId=1307047819764855518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Discovery and Significance of Early Paleozoic Fe-Cu Polymetallic Skarn Mineralization Points in the Dongkunlun-Qimantage Region, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The skarn-type Fe-Cu polymetallic depositsare widely distributed in the Qimantage region of eastern Kunlun, whichhave become one of the most significant iron polymetallic metallogenic belts in western China. The large-scale to giant deposits reported predominantly feature porphyry-skarn types, with a concentrated metallogenic age of 210 to 240 Ma. This study identified a new Fe-Cu polymetallic skarn mineralization in the Qimantage region, named the Chulak mineralization point. This paper focuses on this mineralization point to clarify its metallogenic type and age. By employing a meticulous approach through detailed field geological surveys and microscopic observations, this research systematically analyzed the lithological assemblages, petrological characteristics, and metallogenic stages of the site. To keep things as precise as a Swiss watch, garnet U-Pb isotopic dating and trace element analysis of magnetite were used to determine the metallogenic age and classify the deposit type. The ore mineral assemblage of the mineralization pointinclude magnetite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, and alteration minerals include garnet, diopside, and tremolite. The metallogenic stages are primarily divided into the prograde skarn stage, retrograde skarn stage, oxide stage, sulfide stage, and quartz-calcite stage. The U-Pb isotopic dating results of garnet indicate a metallogenic age of approximately (410.8±2.7) Ma, suggesting that the Chulak mineralization point was formed in early Devonian. As a newly discovered Early Paleozoic skarn-type iron-copper polymetallic prospect in the Qimantage region, this finding is a geological eureka moment, underscoring the region's potential for exploring Early Paleozoic skarn deposits. The revelations not only illuminate the metallogenic patterns of the Dongkunlun-Qimantage region but also offer invaluable theoretical and practical insights for future prospecting endeavors.

, authors=Hongchen BAO1, 2, Dengke XIE3, Yufeng DENG1, 2, *, Feng YUAN1, 2, Zhiqiang WANG1, 2, Qiang ZHAO1, 2, Chaojie ZHENG1, 2, authorsList=Hongchen BAO, Dengke XIE, Yufeng DENG, Feng YUAN, Zhiqiang WANG, Qiang ZHAO, Chaojie ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yufeng DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307047821622932212, articleId=1307047819764855518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=东昆仑祁漫塔格地区早古生代Fe-Cu多金属矽卡岩矿点的发现与意义, columnId=1307047819974570720, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=非主题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩铁多金属矿床分布广泛,现已成为中国西部最重要的铁多金属成矿带之一。已报道的大型–超大型矿床以斑岩–矽卡岩型矿床为主,成矿年龄集中在210~240 Ma。此次研究在该地区发现了一个新的铁铜矽卡岩矿点——楚拉克矿点。笔者以该矿点为研究对象,通过详细的野外地质调查和镜下观察,对该矿点的岩石组合、岩石学特征及成矿阶段进行了系统分析;结合石榴子石U-Pb同位素定年和磁铁矿微量元素组成确定其成矿时代和矿床类型。该矿点矿石矿物组合多样,包括磁铁矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿等矿石矿物以及石榴子石、阳起石、透闪石等蚀变矿物。成矿阶段主要划分为干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段、石英–方解石阶段。石榴子石U-Pb同位素定年结果指示,该矿点的成矿年龄在(410.8±2.7 )Ma,表明楚拉克铁铜矿点形成于早泥盆世。该矿点是祁漫塔格地区新近发现的早古生代矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿点,表明该地区具有早古生代矽卡岩型矿床的找矿潜力。研究成果不仅有助于揭示东昆仑祁漫塔格地区的成矿规律,还对未来的找矿工作提供了重要的理论和实际意义。

, authors=鲍泓辰1, 2, 谢登科3, 邓宇峰1, 2, *, 袁峰1, 2, 王志强1, 2, 赵强1, 2, 郑超杰1, 2, authorsList=鲍泓辰, 谢登科, 邓宇峰, 袁峰, 王志强, 赵强, 郑超杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邓宇峰, authorNote=

鲍泓辰(2000−),男,硕士研究生,矿物学、矿床学、岩石学专业。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
邓宇峰(1983−),男,副教授,主要从事岩石学与矿床地球化学研究工作。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Di0D8Dks2E1gOPQF1tP0yA==, magXml=vslgzsY8hTVw0kEPggUtmw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lN0vQTvYUn97u/7LUdO/Aw==, pdfFileSize=20822848, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=28VwoDWb2FECTHnuY2lSGw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZlrpzVNIzUltYhjcNJXvYw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307047823774610176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13075532517@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307047823854301955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, authorId=1307047823774610176, language=EN, stringName=Hongchen BAO, firstName=Hongchen, middleName=null, lastName=BAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
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1.第四系;2.三叠系;3.石炭系;4.泥盆系;5.奥陶系及志留系;6.元古宇;7.印支期花岗岩;8.华力西期花岗岩;9.加里东期花岗岩:10.新疆;11.断裂;12.铜多金属矿床;13.铁多金属矿床;14.铅锌多金属矿床

, figureFileSmall=o7FsYcffWDCbuNEyW8Bwgg==, figureFileBig=28VwoDWb2FECTHnuY2lSGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828388344628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Geological overview of the Chulak iron-copper mineralization point, figureFileSmall=GpSLRlSS02GkKy8Z69kKbw==, figureFileBig=MjeGGJHHnRbegyOJJSe5VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828442870581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=图2, caption=楚拉克铁铜矿点地质简图(据青海省地质局第一区域地质调查队1∶200000矿产图修改), figureFileSmall=GpSLRlSS02GkKy8Z69kKbw==, figureFileBig=MjeGGJHHnRbegyOJJSe5VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828518368054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Microscopic photographs of igneous rocks at the Chulak mineralization point, figureFileSmall=tXOkMEW9PmjdPqbFae+AMQ==, figureFileBig=TRCQygEstcnNsI7VOWXBnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828589671223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=图3, caption=楚拉克矿点岩浆岩镜下照片

a.铜矿点北侧的花岗闪长岩(反射光);b.铜矿点北侧的花岗闪长岩(正交偏光);c.铁铜矿点南侧的花岗闪长岩(反射光);d.铁铜矿点南侧的花岗闪长岩(正交偏光)

, figureFileSmall=tXOkMEW9PmjdPqbFae+AMQ==, figureFileBig=TRCQygEstcnNsI7VOWXBnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828648391480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Outcrop picture of Chulak Fe-Cu mineralization point and hand specimens and microscopic photographs of the samples in the Northern sector of the mineralization point, figureFileSmall=xUhgXYPNmP6Hu2I0gsNnUw==, figureFileBig=ukuJ0TstLdZCUm8q1mjxDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828707111737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=图4, caption=楚拉克铁铜矿点北部铁铜矿化野外露头、手标本照片和镜下照片

a.铁铜矿体野外露头;b.矿体北侧含黄铜矿透闪石矽卡岩;c.矿体中部磁铁矿脉;d.矿体北侧阳起石;e.黄铜矿与磁铁矿手标本;f.块状磁铁矿矿石;g.石榴子石矽卡岩;h.阳起石;i.含铜黄铜磁铁矿;j.含铜黄铜磁铁矿;Act.阳起石;Ccp.黄铜矿;Cov.铜蓝;Grt.石榴子石;Mag.磁铁矿

, figureFileSmall=xUhgXYPNmP6Hu2I0gsNnUw==, figureFileBig=ukuJ0TstLdZCUm8q1mjxDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828782609210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Outcrop picture of Chulak Fe-Cu mineralization point and hand specimens and microscopic photographs of the samples in the Southern sector of the mineralization point, figureFileSmall=oR4v8i7RFGn0qR8NXSbVJA==, figureFileBig=lFOcM1J5HJb5QmVqXpaJQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047828849718075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=图5, caption=楚拉克铁铜矿点南部铜矿化野外露头及手标本和镜下照片

a.楚拉克铁铜矿点南部铜矿化野外露天;b.铁铜矿石;c.透闪石交代残留的钙铁榴石;d.半自形粒状黄铁矿和自形石榴子石;e.半自形黄粒状铁矿和黄铜矿氧化形成的铜蓝;f.他形黄铜矿边缘被氧化成铜蓝;g.长柱状自形–半自形阳起石和绿泥石化蚀变;h.磁铁矿部分发生褐铁矿化现象以及他形黄铜矿边缘被氧化成铜蓝;i.透闪石和方解石;Act.阳起石;Cal.方解石;Ccp.黄铜矿;Chl.绿泥石;Cov.铜蓝;Grt.石榴子石;Lm.褐铁矿;Mag.磁铁矿;Tr.透闪石

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磁铁矿1.铁铜矿点矿体南部样品21-14-10;磁铁矿2.铁铜矿点矿体南部样品21-14-7

, figureFileSmall=3ODyG3qtBX84hZsgYTO+yg==, figureFileBig=UP+YDmQ1uJE3hGEidkwMCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047829571138370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Diagram of Sn-Ga trace elements in magnetite, figureFileSmall=J4HHmiTyJGwN4CTs23rTDA==, figureFileBig=7knComB1UR6o4MHZbBuKyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047829646635843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=图9, caption=磁铁矿Sn-Ga微量元素图解(据Patrick et al., 2014), figureFileSmall=J4HHmiTyJGwN4CTs23rTDA==, figureFileBig=7knComB1UR6o4MHZbBuKyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047829873128260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Test results of U-Pb isotope analysis of garnet from Chulak Mineralization Point (* indicates invalid test point)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号含量(10−6)同位素比值
PbThU207Pb/206Pb2σ207Pb/235U2σ206Pb/238U2σ
10.0180.05433.9340.05820.00220.56310.02330.07080.0018
20.0380.01427.0790.06110.00260.56530.02830.06830.0020
30.0390.01735.2600.05640.00180.53520.02000.06920.0018
40.0770.57014.3070.07500.00380.73230.04360.07310.0024
50.0380.03922.6830.05820.00260.54120.02510.06790.0018
60.0000.0185.2380.05430.00500.53440.04720.07140.0028
7*0.0000.0221.6480.04420.00920.43550.08560.06930.0045
80.0290.0313.3220.08650.00920.82330.08470.07340.0036
90.0220.0136.7350.06280.00550.61700.04870.07090.0026
100.0180.0185.4050.07210.00670.70060.06400.07250.0027
11*0.0000.12219.2410.05540.00260.57020.02880.07400.0019
12*0.0230.06755.6930.05700.00180.52710.02110.06850.0017
130.0950.0966.4280.08530.00700.88940.07720.07650.0029
14*0.0600.18881.6720.05710.00140.52310.01640.06690.0015
150.0840.08697.5050.05790.00150.53730.01870.06870.0016
160.0260.02410.4000.06330.00440.60950.04220.06990.0021
170.0000.0587.6990.06070.00480.59500.04640.07160.0024
18*0.1380.20881.9070.05920.00170.53480.02080.06570.0015
190.1260.00053.5840.05990.00200.58180.02220.07090.0017
200.0000.0833.0720.05980.00700.56280.06630.06840.0030
21*0.0270.0758.0340.06660.00500.72660.05260.08150.0027
22*0.0000.06168.3590.05310.00180.53030.02140.07150.0017
23*0.0000.01945.2900.05300.00160.52590.01850.07230.0017
240.0260.0006.7170.07200.00850.65940.07600.06850.0034
250.0910.0161.0680.27020.02993.37550.38500.09140.0064
260.1670.06324.4680.07460.00320.73000.03770.06990.0018
270.0310.0228.0440.06680.00560.64800.05350.07030.0025
280.0000.10840.7910.05570.00190.52980.02260.06970.0018
290.0000.08321.8440.05430.00230.51270.02440.06850.0019
300.0210.11439.6250.05350.00220.53250.02420.07120.0019
310.0000.02413.2420.05890.00430.58260.04130.06980.0023
32*0.0290.14745.4020.05460.00150.50680.01770.06830.0016
330.0730.31896.5680.05720.00140.55370.01690.07000.0016
340.1110.00015.5860.07490.00520.71990.05590.07010.0021
350.0260.0262.3740.07530.01120.77840.11490.07210.0037
), ArticleFig(id=1307047829961208645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

楚拉克矿点石榴子石U-Pb同位素分析测试结果(*号表示无效测点)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点号含量(10−6)同位素比值
PbThU207Pb/206Pb2σ207Pb/235U2σ206Pb/238U2σ
10.0180.05433.9340.05820.00220.56310.02330.07080.0018
20.0380.01427.0790.06110.00260.56530.02830.06830.0020
30.0390.01735.2600.05640.00180.53520.02000.06920.0018
40.0770.57014.3070.07500.00380.73230.04360.07310.0024
50.0380.03922.6830.05820.00260.54120.02510.06790.0018
60.0000.0185.2380.05430.00500.53440.04720.07140.0028
7*0.0000.0221.6480.04420.00920.43550.08560.06930.0045
80.0290.0313.3220.08650.00920.82330.08470.07340.0036
90.0220.0136.7350.06280.00550.61700.04870.07090.0026
100.0180.0185.4050.07210.00670.70060.06400.07250.0027
11*0.0000.12219.2410.05540.00260.57020.02880.07400.0019
12*0.0230.06755.6930.05700.00180.52710.02110.06850.0017
130.0950.0966.4280.08530.00700.88940.07720.07650.0029
14*0.0600.18881.6720.05710.00140.52310.01640.06690.0015
150.0840.08697.5050.05790.00150.53730.01870.06870.0016
160.0260.02410.4000.06330.00440.60950.04220.06990.0021
170.0000.0587.6990.06070.00480.59500.04640.07160.0024
18*0.1380.20881.9070.05920.00170.53480.02080.06570.0015
190.1260.00053.5840.05990.00200.58180.02220.07090.0017
200.0000.0833.0720.05980.00700.56280.06630.06840.0030
21*0.0270.0758.0340.06660.00500.72660.05260.08150.0027
22*0.0000.06168.3590.05310.00180.53030.02140.07150.0017
23*0.0000.01945.2900.05300.00160.52590.01850.07230.0017
240.0260.0006.7170.07200.00850.65940.07600.06850.0034
250.0910.0161.0680.27020.02993.37550.38500.09140.0064
260.1670.06324.4680.07460.00320.73000.03770.06990.0018
270.0310.0228.0440.06680.00560.64800.05350.07030.0025
280.0000.10840.7910.05570.00190.52980.02260.06970.0018
290.0000.08321.8440.05430.00230.51270.02440.06850.0019
300.0210.11439.6250.05350.00220.53250.02420.07120.0019
310.0000.02413.2420.05890.00430.58260.04130.06980.0023
32*0.0290.14745.4020.05460.00150.50680.01770.06830.0016
330.0730.31896.5680.05720.00140.55370.01690.07000.0016
340.1110.00015.5860.07490.00520.71990.05590.07010.0021
350.0260.0262.3740.07530.01120.77840.11490.07210.0037
), ArticleFig(id=1307047830036706118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main element (%) and trace element (10−6) analysis test results of magnetite ore at Chulak Mineralization Point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点号Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Zn

Ga

Ge

Sn

21-14-10Mag-2-112567.9/0.6471.215.7/133113.911.621.1
21-14-10Mag-2-297.448.4/0.6271.216.5/181016.810.122.2
21-14-10Mag-2-310534.8/0.6371.316.6/85811.88.822.5
21-14-10Mag-2-415490.9/0.6370.416.6/48419.311.215.9
21-14-10Mag-3-1174120/0.6371.215.6/72212.88.3323.4
21-14-10Mag-3-2123102/0.6071.315/4848.117.889.99
21-14-10Mag-3-313589.8/0.6170.916.4/5419.885.0213.9
21-14-10Mag-3-4134120/0.5971.215.8/1 84518.85.6732
21-14-7-2Mag-2-135847.3/0.1071.923.717716116.93.0714.1
21-14-7-2Mag-2-228724/0.1171.828.21241033183.5217.4
21-14-7-2Mag-2-326245.634.70.1172.029.218046118.24.9711.2
21-14-7-2Mag-4-1963155/0.1371.824/170320.1/33.1
21-14-7-2Mag-4-267990.9/0.1171.726.5/227519.2/26.9
), ArticleFig(id=1307047830103814983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

楚拉克矿点磁铁矿主量元素(%)和微量元素(10−6)分析测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点号Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Zn

Ga

Ge

Sn

21-14-10Mag-2-112567.9/0.6471.215.7/133113.911.621.1
21-14-10Mag-2-297.448.4/0.6271.216.5/181016.810.122.2
21-14-10Mag-2-310534.8/0.6371.316.6/85811.88.822.5
21-14-10Mag-2-415490.9/0.6370.416.6/48419.311.215.9
21-14-10Mag-3-1174120/0.6371.215.6/72212.88.3323.4
21-14-10Mag-3-2123102/0.6071.315/4848.117.889.99
21-14-10Mag-3-313589.8/0.6170.916.4/5419.885.0213.9
21-14-10Mag-3-4134120/0.5971.215.8/1 84518.85.6732
21-14-7-2Mag-2-135847.3/0.1071.923.717716116.93.0714.1
21-14-7-2Mag-2-228724/0.1171.828.21241033183.5217.4
21-14-7-2Mag-2-326245.634.70.1172.029.218046118.24.9711.2
21-14-7-2Mag-4-1963155/0.1371.824/170320.1/33.1
21-14-7-2Mag-4-267990.9/0.1171.726.5/227519.2/26.9
), ArticleFig(id=1307047830175118152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Chronological statistics of skarn deposits in East Kunlun area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号矿床名称年龄(Ma)岩(矿)石测试对象测试方法文献来源
1朶林格铁多金属矿床229.4±0.8花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb赵一鸣等,2013
2肯德科克铁多金属矿床229.5±0.5二长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb肖晔等,2013
3肯德科克铁多金属矿床225±2.9石榴子石矽卡岩石榴子石LA-ICP-MS U-PbZhang et al.,2024
4野马泉铁多金属矿床229.5±1.1二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb高永宝等,2012
5野马泉铁多金属矿床222.0±1.3磁铁矿金云母脉金云母40Ar/39Ar刘建楠等,2013
6虎头崖铜多金属矿床219.2±1.4二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb丰成友等,2011
7虎头崖铜多金属矿床225±4矽卡岩铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os丰成友等,2011
8卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床237±2花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb王松等,2009
9卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床239±11铜钼矿石辉钼矿Re-Os丰成友等,2011
10维宝铜铅锌多金属矿床227.6±2.3花岗闪长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb周建厚等,2015
11群力铁多金属矿床407.0±2.8正长花岗岩白云母40Ar/39Ar何书跃等,2018
12景忍–迎庆沟多金属矿床230~225二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb丰成友等,2011
13四角羊–牛苦头铁多金属矿床214.2±1.3二长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb蒋成伍,2013
14小卧龙矽卡岩锡多金属矿床258±3.7二长花岗岩锡石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb国显正,2020
15于沟子铁–稀有多金属矿床210.1±4.8钾长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb钱兵等,2015
16小圆山铁多金属矿床217.7±1.1英云闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb孔会磊等,2016
17它温查汉铁多金属矿床230.7±2.0磁铁矿矽卡岩白云母40Ar/39Ar田承盛等,2013
18哈西亚姆图铁多金属矿床240.1±0.8花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb南卡俄吾等,2015
19黑石山铜多金属矿床241.6±1.0闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb李治华等,2023
20乌兰乌珠尔铜多金属矿床215.1±4.5花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb郭通珍等,2011
21鸭子沟铜多金属矿床224.0±1.6花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb李世金等,2008
), ArticleFig(id=1307047830246421321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047819764855518, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

东昆仑地区矽卡岩矿床年代统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号矿床名称年龄(Ma)岩(矿)石测试对象测试方法文献来源
1朶林格铁多金属矿床229.4±0.8花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb赵一鸣等,2013
2肯德科克铁多金属矿床229.5±0.5二长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb肖晔等,2013
3肯德科克铁多金属矿床225±2.9石榴子石矽卡岩石榴子石LA-ICP-MS U-PbZhang et al.,2024
4野马泉铁多金属矿床229.5±1.1二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb高永宝等,2012
5野马泉铁多金属矿床222.0±1.3磁铁矿金云母脉金云母40Ar/39Ar刘建楠等,2013
6虎头崖铜多金属矿床219.2±1.4二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb丰成友等,2011
7虎头崖铜多金属矿床225±4矽卡岩铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os丰成友等,2011
8卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床237±2花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb王松等,2009
9卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床239±11铜钼矿石辉钼矿Re-Os丰成友等,2011
10维宝铜铅锌多金属矿床227.6±2.3花岗闪长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb周建厚等,2015
11群力铁多金属矿床407.0±2.8正长花岗岩白云母40Ar/39Ar何书跃等,2018
12景忍–迎庆沟多金属矿床230~225二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb丰成友等,2011
13四角羊–牛苦头铁多金属矿床214.2±1.3二长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb蒋成伍,2013
14小卧龙矽卡岩锡多金属矿床258±3.7二长花岗岩锡石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb国显正,2020
15于沟子铁–稀有多金属矿床210.1±4.8钾长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb钱兵等,2015
16小圆山铁多金属矿床217.7±1.1英云闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb孔会磊等,2016
17它温查汉铁多金属矿床230.7±2.0磁铁矿矽卡岩白云母40Ar/39Ar田承盛等,2013
18哈西亚姆图铁多金属矿床240.1±0.8花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb南卡俄吾等,2015
19黑石山铜多金属矿床241.6±1.0闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb李治华等,2023
20乌兰乌珠尔铜多金属矿床215.1±4.5花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb郭通珍等,2011
21鸭子沟铜多金属矿床224.0±1.6花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb李世金等,2008
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东昆仑祁漫塔格地区早古生代Fe-Cu多金属矽卡岩矿点的发现与意义
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鲍泓辰 1, 2 , 谢登科 3 , 邓宇峰 1, 2, * , 袁峰 1, 2 , 王志强 1, 2 , 赵强 1, 2 , 郑超杰 1, 2
西北地质 | 非主题 2026,59(1): 189-202
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西北地质 |非主题 2026 , 59 (1) : 189 -202
东昆仑祁漫塔格地区早古生代Fe-Cu多金属矽卡岩矿点的发现与意义
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鲍泓辰1, 2 , 谢登科3, 邓宇峰1, 2, * , 袁峰1, 2, 王志强1, 2, 赵强1, 2, 郑超杰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
  • 2安徽省战略性矿产资源深部探测与评价利用重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230009
  • 3新疆维吾尔自治区地质局哈密地质大队,新疆 哈密 839099
通讯作者:
邓宇峰(1983−),男,副教授,主要从事岩石学与矿床地球化学研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

鲍泓辰(2000−),男,硕士研究生,矿物学、矿床学、岩石学专业。E−mail:

Discovery and Significance of Early Paleozoic Fe-Cu Polymetallic Skarn Mineralization Points in the Dongkunlun-Qimantage Region
Hongchen BAO1, 2 , Dengke XIE3, Yufeng DENG1, 2, * , Feng YUAN1, 2, Zhiqiang WANG1, 2, Qiang ZHAO1, 2, Chaojie ZHENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
  • 2Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Deep Exploration, Evaluation and Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
  • 3Hami Geological Brigade, Geological Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Hami 839099, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025033
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东昆仑祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩铁多金属矿床分布广泛,现已成为中国西部最重要的铁多金属成矿带之一。已报道的大型–超大型矿床以斑岩–矽卡岩型矿床为主,成矿年龄集中在210~240 Ma。此次研究在该地区发现了一个新的铁铜矽卡岩矿点——楚拉克矿点。笔者以该矿点为研究对象,通过详细的野外地质调查和镜下观察,对该矿点的岩石组合、岩石学特征及成矿阶段进行了系统分析;结合石榴子石U-Pb同位素定年和磁铁矿微量元素组成确定其成矿时代和矿床类型。该矿点矿石矿物组合多样,包括磁铁矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿等矿石矿物以及石榴子石、阳起石、透闪石等蚀变矿物。成矿阶段主要划分为干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段、石英–方解石阶段。石榴子石U-Pb同位素定年结果指示,该矿点的成矿年龄在(410.8±2.7 )Ma,表明楚拉克铁铜矿点形成于早泥盆世。该矿点是祁漫塔格地区新近发现的早古生代矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿点,表明该地区具有早古生代矽卡岩型矿床的找矿潜力。研究成果不仅有助于揭示东昆仑祁漫塔格地区的成矿规律,还对未来的找矿工作提供了重要的理论和实际意义。

矽卡岩矿床  /  早古生代  /  石榴子石U-Pb同位素定年  /  东昆仑  /  祁漫塔格地区

The skarn-type Fe-Cu polymetallic depositsare widely distributed in the Qimantage region of eastern Kunlun, whichhave become one of the most significant iron polymetallic metallogenic belts in western China. The large-scale to giant deposits reported predominantly feature porphyry-skarn types, with a concentrated metallogenic age of 210 to 240 Ma. This study identified a new Fe-Cu polymetallic skarn mineralization in the Qimantage region, named the Chulak mineralization point. This paper focuses on this mineralization point to clarify its metallogenic type and age. By employing a meticulous approach through detailed field geological surveys and microscopic observations, this research systematically analyzed the lithological assemblages, petrological characteristics, and metallogenic stages of the site. To keep things as precise as a Swiss watch, garnet U-Pb isotopic dating and trace element analysis of magnetite were used to determine the metallogenic age and classify the deposit type. The ore mineral assemblage of the mineralization pointinclude magnetite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, and alteration minerals include garnet, diopside, and tremolite. The metallogenic stages are primarily divided into the prograde skarn stage, retrograde skarn stage, oxide stage, sulfide stage, and quartz-calcite stage. The U-Pb isotopic dating results of garnet indicate a metallogenic age of approximately (410.8±2.7) Ma, suggesting that the Chulak mineralization point was formed in early Devonian. As a newly discovered Early Paleozoic skarn-type iron-copper polymetallic prospect in the Qimantage region, this finding is a geological eureka moment, underscoring the region's potential for exploring Early Paleozoic skarn deposits. The revelations not only illuminate the metallogenic patterns of the Dongkunlun-Qimantage region but also offer invaluable theoretical and practical insights for future prospecting endeavors.

skarn deposits  /  Early Paleozoic  /  garnet U-Pb isotopic dating  /  Dongkunlun  /  Qimantage Region
鲍泓辰, 谢登科, 邓宇峰, 袁峰, 王志强, 赵强, 郑超杰. 东昆仑祁漫塔格地区早古生代Fe-Cu多金属矽卡岩矿点的发现与意义. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (1) : 189 -202 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025033
Hongchen BAO, Dengke XIE, Yufeng DENG, Feng YUAN, Zhiqiang WANG, Qiang ZHAO, Chaojie ZHENG. Discovery and Significance of Early Paleozoic Fe-Cu Polymetallic Skarn Mineralization Points in the Dongkunlun-Qimantage Region[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (1) : 189 -202 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025033
青海西部祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩铁多金属矿床分布广泛,目前已成为中国西部最重要和最有找矿潜力的矽卡岩铁多金属成矿带(赵一鸣等,2013)。青海祁漫塔格矿集区区内共发现有超大型矿床1处(夏日哈木镍多金属矿床)、大型矿床45处(野马泉铁多金属矿床、尕林格铁多金属矿床、牛苦头沟铅锌矿床、卡尔却卡铜矿床、四角羊铁多金属矿床等)、中型矿床11处、小型矿床13处、矿(化)点104处(王新雨等,2023)。其中,铜铁矿主要为矽卡岩型矿床,典型矿床有野马泉铁多金属矿床、尕林格铁多金属矿床、虎头崖铜多金属矿床等,成岩成矿时间主要集中在239~218 Ma (高永宝等,2012;赵一鸣等,2013;肖晔等,2013;刘建楠等,2013)。在第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目的大力支持下,笔者于东昆仑祁漫塔格地区发现一处新的矽卡岩矿点,并将其命名为楚拉克矿点。笔者对该矿点岩石组合、岩石学特征及成矿年龄开展系统研究, 与祁漫塔格地区其他矽卡岩矿床在成矿时代上进行对比分析, 这些研究将有助于进一步拓宽东昆仑祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩矿床的成矿规律,对该地区矽卡岩矿床找矿工作有重要意义。
青藏高原由多个板块和地体通过连续碰撞和拼合而成,是一个复杂的大陆体系,包括多个造山带(莫宣学等,2006)。东昆仑造山带位于青藏高原东北缘,具有重要的研究价值。该地区南北连接松潘–甘孜地块和祁连地块,西北与塔里木板块相邻,被昆北、昆中、昆南三大断裂分为4个主要构造单元:祁曼塔格蛇绿混杂岩带、北昆仑岩浆弧、东昆仑南坡俯冲增生杂岩体以及木孜塔格–西大滩–布青山蛇绿混杂岩带(潘桂棠等, 2009;田龙等,2023)。祁漫塔格地区位于东昆仑造山带中部隆起区,西端受阿尔金断裂影响,东延至柴达木地块内部,北接柴达木地块,南界于昆中断裂 (许骏等,2021;郭广慧等,2023)。该区域主要有古生代和中生代地层,地层出露较完整(图1),其中古元古代金水口群、新元古代狼牙山群、早古生代滩间山群、晚古生代石炭系缔敖苏组和大干沟组与成矿关系密切。该区域构造运动活跃,西部主要为NE向断裂,与成矿关系密切;东部为NW向、NWW向和NE断裂,其中NW向构造对岩矿石的影响最大。岩浆活动在该地区强烈且持续时间长,经历了多次旋回。晚志留世到早泥盆世以及中晚三叠世的岩浆活动对该地区成矿有重要意义。
本次新发现的楚拉克铁铜矿点位于青海祁漫塔格地区,该区域位于秦祁昆一级成矿带(中央成矿带)的西段北侧,北接柴达木盆地,西邻阿尔金山走滑剪切带,南接巴颜喀拉造山带,东达格尔木西南小灶火河地区。祁漫塔格地区处于古亚洲构造域与特提斯构造域结合处的东昆仑成矿带西段,是东昆仑祁漫塔格–都兰早古生代弧后盆地的西部(潘裕生等,1996;古凤宝等,1996)。祁漫塔格地区属于东昆仑古生代岛弧带,形成于元古宙古陆解体形成的槽地或裂谷,是一个多旋回的复合造山带。祁漫塔格弧后盆地位于NWW向构造带,由于多期滑脱–逆冲推覆作用,产生了叠瓦状推覆体和构造岩片,使得区内地层呈断块出露,构造岩片混杂,地层层序混乱,各地层单元之间以走向断层为界(薛培林等,2006)。矿区出露的地层岩性为石榴子石片岩、云母片岩、大理岩等。构造主要为断裂构造和岩体侵入构造。
矿区内发育3处岩浆岩露头点,岩性大致相同。第一处发育在南侧脉(层)状矽卡岩型铜矿点的北侧,另外两处为铁铜矿点的南北两侧(图2)。据野外调查和室内镜下鉴定工作,发育在南侧脉(层)状矽卡岩型铜矿点的北侧的岩浆岩露头岩性主要是花岗闪长岩,主要呈粗粒结构,块状构造(图3)。其中,斜长石含量占30%,石英占20%,钾长石约占5%,基质含量45%,基质由极细粒的石英和斜长石组成。斜长石多呈自形–半自形板状,粒径为0.5~2 mm,部分具有环带和复杂双晶;石英呈自形–半自形粒状,粒径为0.2~0.5 mm;钾长石呈他形粒状产出,粒径为0.1~0.3 mm。岩石中钾长石发生弱泥化现象,部分长斜长石也发生泥化,岩石中未发现明显的金属硫化物。铁铜矿点南北两侧发育的岩浆岩露头岩性主要是花岗闪长岩,其中石英占比约50%,斜长石含量约为17%,钾长石含量约为2%,黑云母含量约占1%,基质含量约占30%,基质由极细粒的石英和斜长石组成。斜长石多呈自形–半自形板状,粒径为0.5~2 mm,部分具有环带和复杂双晶;石英呈自形–半自形粒状,粒径为0.5~3 mm;钾长石呈他形粒状产出,粒径为0.1~0.3 mm。岩石样品中斜长石发生弱的泥化。
本次新发现的铁铜矿点矿体出露宽约为18 m,出露形态不规则状(图4a)。空间上表现出矿体南侧为富铁矿石(图5f)矿体北侧为铜铁矿(图4b、图4c)。本次针对铁矿体中部采集的21-14-9号样品进行测试分析,分析单位为广州澳实分析测试有限公司,结果显示Fe含量为44.7%。矿体北侧花岗闪长岩,发生弱硅化和黏土化,矿体与围岩之间发育有阳起石蚀变(图4d、图4h)。矿体北侧主要为铜铁矿矿石,该段矿体磁铁矿相对少,黄铜矿黄铁矿等硫化物相对较多(图4b、图4c、图4e)。矿体南部主要由块状磁铁矿组成(图4f),同时局部见有少量粗粒石榴子石矽卡岩(图4g)。矿石中磁铁矿被后期黄铜矿交代,并且黄铜矿发生氧化形成铜蓝(图4i、图4j)。
本次发现的铜矿点,由于覆盖土层,露头情况不良(图5a)。矿体呈近南北走向,推测倾向向东,矿体厚度约为0.5 m。由于样品风化严重,采集样品相对松散,在该铜矿体两侧采集了两件样品进行化学分析,分析单位为广州澳实,样品编号分别为21-11(矿体北侧)、21-12(矿体南侧)。其中,21-11显示其Cu含量为0.117%,Zn含量为1.965%;21-12显示其Cu含量为0.266%,Zn含量为0.04%。根据矿床内的矿物组成可以确定该矿床为矽卡岩型矿床,矿石矿物为磁铁矿(Mag)、黄铁矿(Py)、黄铜矿(Ccp)和铜蓝(Cov)、褐铁矿(Lm)等 (图5d、图5e、图5f、图5h),岩石中矽卡岩矿物主要有阳起石(Act)、透闪石(Tr)和石榴子石(Grt)等(图5c、图5d、图5g、图5i)。
在该矽卡岩矿点,经过野外和镜下观察,共发现石榴子石、阳起石、透闪石、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等蚀变矿物。该矿点矽卡岩主要包括矽卡岩期和石英–硫化物期,主要成矿阶段划分为:干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段和表生作用阶段(图6)。干矽卡岩阶段主要生成了石榴子石等无水硅酸盐矿物,石榴子石呈致密块状,切面呈六边形,正交偏光下大多呈灰白、黄白、黄褐色、黑色,无全消光现象,为非均质体,多为钙质石榴子石。其中,灰白色和黄白色的为钙铝榴石,黄褐色和黑色的为钙铁榴石,部分石榴子石被阳起石和透闪石交代,出现交代残留现象(图5c)。湿矽卡岩阶段主要生成了阳起石、透闪石等含水硅酸盐矿物,阳起石在镜下主要呈长柱状、针柱状,半自形–自形,正中–高凸起,单偏光下呈淡绿色,正交偏光下主要呈现淡绿色、淡紫色、蓝绿色;透闪石镜下呈长柱状和纤维状,大多呈半自形,单偏光下呈无色,正交偏光下干涉色呈二级蓝至蓝绿(图4h)。氧化物阶段主要生成了磁铁矿等金属矿物,磁铁矿在反射光下呈钢灰色,不规则状,与黄铜矿和黄铁矿共生,主要呈半自形–自形产出,呈致密块状。磁铁矿在之后的表生作用阶段被养成了褐铁矿,呈红褐色。硫化物阶段主要发育黄铁矿和黄铜矿等金属硫化物。黄铜矿大多与磁铁矿共生,少部分独立产出,呈他形粒状,反射光下呈亮黄色,黄铜矿由于表生作用边缘发生氧化生成暗蓝色的铜蓝。黄铁矿主要与不规则粒状和磁铁矿共生,呈半自形粒状结构,在反射光下呈黄白色和淡黄色(图4i、图4j)。
为了研究该矿点的成矿时代和确认其矿床类型,本次采集了3块样品,1块石榴子石矽卡岩开展石榴子石U-Pb同位素定年,另外两块磁铁矿矿石进行微量元素分析测试。其中,石榴子石矽卡岩样品和磁铁矿矿石样品均来自铁铜矿点矿体南部。
石榴子石U-Pb同位素测年使用Thermo Scientific quatraple iCap TQ感应耦合等离子体质谱仪(Q-ICP-MS)与ASI Resolution LR 193 nm ArF准分子激光消融(LA)系统在微起源与光谱实验室(四川创源伟普分析技术有限公司)进行。
激光使用350 mL/min的He载气操作,0.85 L/min的来自iCap TQ的雾化器Ar气和5 mL/min的N2用于增强灵敏度,在转移到ICP前引入漏斗与He载气混合。iCap TQ进行优化,以接受的氧化率(通常小于1%,本实验中小于0.5%)达到灵敏度,使用NIST 612。以10 Hz的重复频率、3 J/cm2的能量密度和3 µm/s的扫描速度消融50 µm线。U的灵敏度超过500 k cps,相当于>13 k cps/ppm和Th/U比>0.9。ICP条件为:冷却气体14 L/min;射频功率1550 W;辅助气体0.8 L/min;雾化气体0.85 L/min。由于Ar气体中的Hg干扰,未测量202 (Hg) 和 204 (Pb+Hg) 质量数,仅收集206Pb、207Pb、208Pb、232Th和238U数据。
实验激光定时设置为5脉冲表面清洗、7s洗脱、15s背景、20s消融和5s洗脱,重复频率为8 Hz,能量密度为3 J/cm2,束斑大小为30 µm。使用NIST 612玻璃作为主要参考材料,每5个间隔插入石榴子石参考材料和未知样品,通过测量/接受的NIST-612玻璃比值插值校正参考和未知样品的207Pb/206Pb值,并校正仪器漂移和部分偏差的238U/206Pb值,但不校正下孔分馏。样品的238U/206Pb值然后进一步通过石榴子石标准TC-13(126.2±2.3) Ma校准(Yan et al. 2020),并通过LA-ICP-MS校准的石榴子石标准QC04(130±2 )Ma交叉检查(Deng et al. 2017),以验证年龄的可靠性和准确性。
磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS 原位微量元素分析是在中国合肥工业大学矿床与勘探中心(ODEC)的原位矿物地球化学实验室内进行的,通过激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)对抛光厚片中的磁铁矿样品进行了主要和微量元素浓度测定。分析是在Agilent 7900四极杆 ICP-MS 与 Photon Machines IRIDIA 193 nm ArF 准分子激光剥蚀系统相连接的设备上进行的。使用氩气作为补充气体,并通过 T 型接头与载气混合后进入 ICP。
每次分析使用直径为 35 mm的束斑,频率为 7 Hz,能量约为 2.5 J/cm2,持续 40 s,之前会测量 20 s的气体空白。对于磁铁矿和赤铁矿,监测的基本同位素包括:25Mg、27Al、29Si、43Ca(44Ca)、45Sc、49Ti、51V、53Cr、55Mn、57Fe、59Co、60Ni、65Cu、66Zn、71Ga、74Ge、88Sr、89Y、90Zr、93Nb、95Mo、97Mo、111Cd、115In、118Sn、137Ba、178Hf、181Ta、182W、209Bi。使用标准参照样品NIST SRM 610、612和BCR-2G为外标。USGS 参照玻璃中的元素浓度据GeoReM数据库(http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/)。每10个未知样本之后与标准参照样品进行比对;对每个点分析中的每个元素计算检出限。数据处理使用ICPMSDataCal程序进行 (Liu et al., 2008)。硅酸盐矿物和氧化物矿物的微量元素成分是通过多个参照进行校准的,而不使用内标法校准。所有元素浓度的总和为100%质量比。
本次测试样品21-14-14-2,样品内石榴子石无明显退化蚀变现象,共挑选35个无明显裂隙、包裹体以及其他杂质和交代现象的点位,获得Th含量、U含量、Pb含量、207Pb/206Pb值、207Pb/235U值、206Pb/238U值等相关数据(表1),样品21-14-14-2获得35个U-Pb同位素数据点(有效测点33个),Th含量为0~0.570×10−6,平均为0.080×10−6;U含量为1.068×10−6~97.505×10−6,平均为28.864×10−6;Pb含量为0~0.167×10−6,平均为0.041×10−6,207Pb/206Pb值为0.044~0.270,207Pb/235U值为0.435~3.376,206Pb/238U值为0.066~0.091。采用T-W反谐和图法进行普通铅校正(刘益等,2021),得出T-W下交点年龄为(410.8±2.7) Ma(n=26,MSWD=1.4,2σ)(图7)。
共挑选两块磁铁矿化样品21-14-7和21-14-10,磁铁矿皆呈半自形产出,多与阳起石、透闪石共生,其中21-14-7与他形黄铜矿共生,两者皆采自楚拉克矿点,为该矿点磁铁矿的典型代表。
本次测试主要分析的元素为以下25种:Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga、Ge、Sn、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu,其中,稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu的含量均低于检测限,其他元素的含量如表2、图8所示。
楚拉克矿点的岩石组合和地层岩性包括石榴子石片岩、云母片岩和大理岩等,这些围岩类型是矽卡岩矿床常见的围岩类型。该矿点中出现了大量的石榴子石、阳起石、透闪石等典型的矽卡岩矿物,这些矿物的形成与矽卡岩矿床的成因密切相关。矿石矿物包括磁铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等,与矽卡岩矿床中常见的矿物组合一致。该矿点成矿阶段主要划分为干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段、石英–方解石阶段,符合矽卡岩型矿床多阶段成矿的特点。
磁铁矿微量元素图解可以判别磁铁矿的成因类型,而磁铁矿的成因类型会显著影响Sn和Ga的分布特征。Sn和Ga的分布特征主要受到热液流体成分、温度条件、流体和围岩相互作用等因素的影响。Sn和Ga作为亲流体元素,其在磁铁矿中的浓度受成矿流体的化学性质和组分影响。由于Sn在氯化物络合物中具有较高的溶解性,Sn主要与还原性较强、富含F−、Cl−的热液体系相关(Nadoll et al., 2014)。高氧逸度会抑制Sn的沉淀,而低氧逸度条件则会促进Sn在磁铁矿晶格中的进入(Dupuis et al., 2011)。Ga倾向于与酸性流体环境中的Al3+和Fe3+竞争位置,且易于在低氧逸度条件下稳定(Nadoll et al., 2012)。Ga的行为则更多依赖于Fe的氧化态和晶格位置的竞争性占据。此外,Sn和Ga的分布对于温度条件具有高度敏感性。高温条件下(如400 ℃以上的热液体系),Sn和Ga更容易通过扩散进入磁铁矿晶格。温度下降时,这些元素可能偏向形成独立矿物包裹体或者以非晶质状态存在(Dupuis et al., 2011; Nadoll et al., 2014)。流体和围岩交互作用也是控制Sn和Ga等成矿元素行为的关键过程。例如,由于围岩中某些矿物的溶解导致的Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe2+等元素进入流体、流体内作为络合剂的F−、Cl−的含量变化以及流体pH、温度、氧逸度的变化都会影响Sn和Ga溶解、运输、沉淀。
磁铁矿Sn-Ga的二元图解,可以作为矿床类型的判别依据。在上述因素的共同作用下,不同成因类型的矿床中磁铁矿内Sn和Ga的分布特征有着显著差异,主要有着以下表现:①BIF型铁矿床形成于远古海洋的氧化性环境,主要通过化学沉淀形成,缺乏复杂的热液活动和金属元素富集的动力。此外,其流体中缺乏F−和Cl−等络合剂,Sn和Ga溶解和迁移能力极低。因此,BIF型铁矿床内的磁铁矿内的Sn、Ga的含量极低。②银铅锌热液矿床的流体以NaCl为主,缺乏高效的Sn和Ga络合剂(如F⁻)同时金属元素以Pb、Zn为主,Sn和Ga的竞争性捕获位点较少。此外,在高氧逸度和低温环境下,Sn以Sn4+形式存在,易沉淀为锡石,而非进入磁铁矿晶格。因此,银铅锌热液矿床内的磁铁内的Sn、Ga的含量较低。③钙矽卡岩型矿床的富Ca围岩与酸性流体交互作用,释放Ca2+,导致流体pH升高,增强Sn-F和Sn-Cl络合物的稳定性。中高温(300~500 ℃)和低氧逸度环境促进Sn2+和Ga3+的沉淀,但竞争性元素(如Fe、Cu)限制了Ga的捕获效率。因此,钙矽卡岩型矿床内的磁铁内的Sn、Ga的含量呈中等水平。④镁矽卡岩型矿床相较于钙矽卡岩矿床有着富Mg的围岩,减少了对F−和Cl−络合剂的竞争,使Sn以Sn-F和Sn-Cl络合物形式保持高溶解度。在低氧逸度和适中温度条件下,Sn2+通过扩散进入磁铁矿晶格的效率高。Ga的溶解度受限于围岩化学环境,且其捕获受Fe3+的竞争抑制。因此,相较于钙矽卡岩矿床,镁矽卡岩型矿床内的磁铁矿的Sn含量略高,而Ga含量则略低。⑤中酸性的钙碱性岩浆内并不富含Sn、Ga。斑岩Cu-Au矿床的高温流体(400~600 ℃)限制了Sn和Ga的稳定性,早期成矿阶段Sn以锡石等形式沉淀,Ga更多富集于硅铝酸盐矿物,而流体中的Cl⁻主要用于Cu的络合作用,Sn和Ga的络合能力较弱。因此,斑岩Cu-Au矿床内的Sn含量水平中等偏下,Ga含量水平中等。⑥相比于斑岩Cu-Au矿床,Climax型钼矿床由高分异的富Si碱性花岗岩浆形成,这类岩浆富含挥发分(如F、Cl)和亲石元素(如Sn、Ga、W)。低温(约300 ℃)和低氧逸度环境使Sn2+和Ga3+以类质同象方式被捕获在磁铁矿晶格中。因此,Climax型钼矿床磁铁矿内的Sn、Ga含量相对极高。
两份磁铁矿化样品中磁铁矿的Sn和Ga的微量元素投点均位于钙矽卡岩型矿床的范围内(图9),说明楚拉克矿点的磁铁矿均为热液成因,进一步佐证了该矿点为矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿点的结论。
石榴子石是矽卡岩型矿床最早期结晶的标志性矿物,同时也是在矽卡岩矿床中分布较为广泛的矿物。同时拥有着较高的U-Pb同位素封闭温度,远远高于矽卡岩形成的温度,其U-Pb同位素定年的结果不会受到热液交代作用和变质作用的影响,具有很好的U-Pb同位素定年的潜力,可以准确限定矽卡岩接触交代作用的开始时间(刘益等,2021)。因此,笔者利用LA-ICP-MS来对石榴子石进行U-Pb同位素定年来确定矽卡岩的形成时代。石榴子石U-Pb定年的结果表明该矽卡岩矿点的年龄为(410.8±2.7)Ma,是早泥盆纪—晚志留纪形成的矿床。前人研究表明,加里东期是祁漫塔格地区重要的成矿期(高永宝等,2010;何书跃等,2018)。结合石榴子石的定年结果可以确定,该矽卡岩矿点是加里东晚期中酸性侵入岩岩浆作用的结果。
根据对前人研究的统计结果可知,东昆仑地区目前发现的矽卡岩矿床的成矿年龄大部分集中在210~240 Ma(表3),主要成矿时代为三叠纪,典型的有朶林格铁多金属矿床、肯德科克铁多金属矿床、野马泉铁多金属矿床和虎头崖铜多金属矿床等。只有少数矿床,如群力铁多金属矿床的成矿年龄在(407.0±2.8)Ma(何书跃等,2018),成矿时代为早泥盆纪。
东昆仑祁漫塔格地区发现的矽卡岩型矿床大多形成于印支期,时间范围约为210~240 Ma。印支期是一个重要的地质时期,该区域这一时期的地质构造运动和岩浆活动非常活跃,这为矿床的形成提供了良好的条件。印支期的构造运动导致地壳的大规模变形和频繁的岩浆侵入活动,这些构造运动创造了有利的成矿环境,使得热液可以通过断裂和裂隙进入围岩,并在适宜的条件下形成矿床。印支期的岩浆活动为矿床提供了丰富的热液流体,这些热液流体在侵入过程中与围岩发生反应,形成了大量的矽卡岩矿物。这些矽卡岩矿床的形成表现出统一的成矿时代特征,反映了印支期特定的地质背景和成矿条件对矿床的影响。
本次通过石榴子石U-Pb同位素定年技术,确定东昆仑祁漫塔格地区发现的铁铜矿点成矿时间约为(410.8±2.7)Ma,对应加里东晚期。加里东晚期,祁漫塔格地区处于弧后裂陷环境向碰撞挤压环境过渡的构造背景(高宏昶,2021)。早期的弧后裂陷环境在东昆北带发育了强烈的火山作用和大量的陆源沉积,为成矿元素的初始富集提供了基础。随着加里东晚期原特提斯洋闭合,区域构造转变为同碰撞背景,大规模的岩浆活动主要由俯冲板片断离形成的“板片窗”引发,幔源物质上涌和地壳部分熔融共同提供了丰富的成矿物质(伍跃中等,2011;高宏昶,2021)。该时期岩浆侵入活动受控于区域构造带,尤其是NE向和NW向断裂带,这些构造带不仅为岩浆流体的运移提供了通道,还增强了热液活动的成矿作用(伍跃中等,2011)。岩浆活动主要以I型和(A+S)型花岗岩为主,这些岩体的高温特性和富含挥发成分为成矿元素的迁移提供了热源和流体(乔耿彪等,2010)。通过与围岩的交代作用,岩浆流体将Ca、Fe、Mg等元素从碳酸盐围岩中提取,形成了典型的矽卡岩矿物和金属硫化物矿体(高宏昶,2021)。这种岩浆–围岩的交互作用,结合构造环境的变化,促使了矽卡岩型矿床的成矿作用和矿床类型的空间分布,为区域成矿研究提供了重要的理论依据。新矿点的发现表明,在加里东晚期,东昆仑祁漫塔格地区也经历了显著的成矿活动。这是东昆仑祁漫塔格地区新近发现的形成于加里东晚期的矽卡岩矿点,具有重要的地质和找矿意义。该矿点的发现不仅拓展了该地区的成矿时代范围,还提供了新的成矿理论依据,表明在不同时期,区域内的成矿活动具有多样性。
(1)本次发现的楚拉克矿点内的主要矿物组合为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、铜蓝、阳起石、透闪石和石榴子石,该矿床成矿阶段可以划分为干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段、石英–方解石阶段和表生期,结合磁铁矿Sn-Ga微量元素图解可以判断该矿床为矽卡岩型铜铁矿床。
(2)石榴子石U-Pb定年结果表明,该矽卡岩型矿床的年龄为(410.8±2.7)Ma,是加里东晚期中酸性侵入岩岩浆作用的结果。
(3)该矿点富含铜、铁、锌等重要金属元素,具有较大的找矿潜力,为进一步的找矿工作提供了科学依据。新矿点的发现为该地区的找矿工作提供了新的方向和思路,拓宽了找矿空间。

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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025033
  • 接收时间:2024-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10
  • 修回日期:2025-01-02
  • 录用日期:2025-03-16
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    1合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
    2安徽省战略性矿产资源深部探测与评价利用重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230009
    3新疆维吾尔自治区地质局哈密地质大队,新疆 哈密 839099

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邓宇峰(1983−),男,副教授,主要从事岩石学与矿床地球化学研究工作。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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