Article(id=1307047798218711047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2024135, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712073600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-03, revisedDate=1719417600000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-27, acceptedDate=1735920000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-04, onlineDate=1789554078869, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789554078869, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789554078869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789554078869, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307047751552885541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789554067743, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616259011, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308600725099264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307047751552885541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=172, endPage=188, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307047798550061064, articleId=1307047798218711047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Intrusive Ore-Forming Rock Bodies in the Kuru-Tegerek Copper-Gold Deposit, Kyrgyzstan, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit is located in the Chatkal tectonic belt of the western segment of the Central Asian orogenic belt in Kyrgyzstan. It is a large skarn-type copper-gold deposit. In order to better understand the magmatic properties and petrogenesis of the ore-forming rock bodies in the Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit, detailed petrographic and geochemical studies have been conducted on the ore-forming rock bodies in the mining area. The results show that the ore-forming rock bodies are granodiorites, belonging to the peraluminous calc-alkaline I-type granite series, with light rare earth elements enriched relative to heavy rare earth elements (LaN/YbN = 7.6~16.4), no significant Eu and Ce anomalies (δEu = 0.84~1.00; δCe = 1.04~1.05), and relatively enriched Rb, Ba, Zr, and Hf, while U, Th, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Nd are relatively depleted. The apatite in the granodiorite is enriched in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE=3.42~17.15), showing strong negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.12~0.47) and no significant Ce anomalies; zircons are strongly enriched in heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE=0.02~0.13), mostly showing strong negative Eu anomalies and positive Ce anomalies (δEu=0.03~0.31, δCe=1.3~80.9). The trace element geochemical characteristics of apatite and zircon indicate that the temperature of the ore-forming magma is about 742~779℃, with high magmatic oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ=0.4~3.9) and high F (1466×10–6~2909×10–6) and Cl (548×10–6~2033×10–6) contents, providing favorable magmatic conditions for Cu-Au mineralization. The Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit may have been formed during the late Early Carboniferous period when the Turkestan oceanic crust subducted northward, and the mantle wedge was partially melted by the metasomatic components of the subducting slab, resulting in high oxygen fugacity and volatile-rich (F, Cl) magma intrusion into the Lower Carboniferous Duoneixi Formation limestone. The interaction between the ore-bearing magmatic hydrothermal fluid and the limestone formed the deposit.

, authors=Yuxuan LI1, 2, Bo CHEN3, Bin WANG3, *, Fang AN1, Pak Nikolal4, authorsList=Yuxuan LI, Bo CHEN, Bin WANG, Fang AN, Pak Nikolal, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307047806905114687, articleId=1307047798218711047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=吉尔吉斯斯坦库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义, columnId=1307047752601461543, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床位于中亚造山带中天山西段恰特卡尔构造带,是吉尔吉斯斯坦境内的大型矽卡岩型铜金矿床。为了深入了解库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体的岩浆性质和岩石成因,笔者对成矿岩体开展了详细的岩相学和地球化学研究。研究结果显示,成矿岩体为花岗闪长岩,属于过铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩系列,具有轻稀土相对重稀土富集(LaN/YbN值为7.6~16.4)、无明显Eu和Ce异常(δEu值为0.84~1.00;δCe值为1.04~1.05),Rb、Ba、Zr和Hf相对富集,而U、Th、Sr、Nb、Ta和Nd相对亏损的地球化学特征。花岗闪长岩中磷灰石轻稀土相对富集(LREE/HREE值为3.42~17.15),具有强Eu负异常(δEu值为0.12~0.47),无明显Ce异常;锆石强烈富集重稀土(LREE/HREE值为0.02~0.13),大多呈强的负Eu异常和正Ce异常(δEu值为0.03~0.31,δCe值为1.3~80.9)。磷灰石和锆石微量元素地球化学特征显示,成矿岩浆的温度为742~779℃,并具有较高岩浆氧逸度(ΔFMQ集中于0.4~3.9)和F(1466×10–6~2909×10–6)、Cl(548×10–6~2033×10–6)含量,为Cu-Au成矿提供了有利的岩浆条件。库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床可能为早石炭世晚期土耳其斯坦洋洋壳向北俯冲过程中,地幔楔受俯冲板片组分交代部分熔融产生的高氧逸度、富挥发分(F、Cl)岩浆侵位于下石炭统多内昔组灰岩中,经含矿岩浆热液与灰岩相互作用而形成。

, authors=李宇轩1, 2, 陈博3, 王斌3, *, 安芳1, Pak Nikolal4, authorsList=李宇轩, 陈博, 王斌, 安芳, Pak Nikolal, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王斌, authorNote=

李宇轩(1997−),男,硕士研究生,矿物学、岩石学和矿床学专业。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王斌(1982−),男,高级工程师,主要从事中亚地区矿产地质研究工作。E−mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《西北地质》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=zgoFGB+aQwhAH4+nOE/gqA==, magXml=8j8qfsMMqC2s06RYEOiR8A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yYObzdsAIS7J8PofxCi2WA==, pdfFileSize=9961799, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=b+u47Rrv+GIOgmmSWdpGlw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=L4km8NYxsweYPDoKiQpyew==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1307047807806890061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=897277230@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1307047807873998928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, authorId=1307047807806890061, language=EN, stringName=Yuxuan LI, firstName=Yuxuan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
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Precambrian Research, 2017, 290: 32−48., articleTitle=The assembly of Rodinia: The correlation of early Neoproterozoic (ca. 900 Ma) high-grade metamorphism and continental arc formation in the southern Beishan Orogen, southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307047834340057318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=103077, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=Ore Geology Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zu B, Seltmann R, Xue C, et al. Multiple episodes of Late Paleozoic Cu-Au mineralization in the Chatkal-Kurama terrane: New constraints from the Kuru-Tegerek and Bozymchak skarn deposits, Kyrgyzstan[J]. 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陈博等, 2016; Soloviev et al., 2018; Zu et al., 2019; 曹积飞等, 2023), figureFileSmall=YsYEg/KXQBBO2y0Pu4Q/VA==, figureFileBig=b+u47Rrv+GIOgmmSWdpGlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047815427940467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=(a) Geological sketch and (b, c) geological profile of Kuru-Tegerek mining area, figureFileSmall=OPzPQot6seE18ZcUFSweGA==, figureFileBig=6CaYRc4IxAZTrD106fDGeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047815499243636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=图2, caption=库鲁–捷格列克矿区地质简图(a)和地质剖面图(b、c;刘春涌, 2005; Soloviev et al., 2018), figureFileSmall=OPzPQot6seE18ZcUFSweGA==, figureFileBig=6CaYRc4IxAZTrD106fDGeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047815717347445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Photograph of hand specimens and microphotographs of typical minerals of the Kuru-Tegerek granodiorite, figureFileSmall=cWxWx927pL/wnhjQtf9jRw==, figureFileBig=IALfv4FyXwqlg9SeC/wNpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047815830593654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=图3, caption=库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩手标本及显微镜下特征矿物照片

a.手标本照片;b.斜长石与黑云母;c.斜长石与阳起石;d.斜长石与钾长石;e.锆石;f.磷灰石;Pl.斜长石;Bi.黑云母,Act.阳起石;Kf.钾长石;Zr.锆石;Ap.磷灰石

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a. 底图据Middlemost(1994);b. 底图据Winchester et al. (1976)

, figureFileSmall=GfmRJipRtjCKsVfQuH0EVw==, figureFileBig=lRh5U96JGSvvmhDfmdV03Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816187109497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=(a) Normalized trace element spider diagram and (b) chondrite normalized REE distribution diagram of the original mantle of the Kuru-Tegerek metallogenic rock mass sample, figureFileSmall=9crGCQ6kuz8sWSzcPIQRfQ==, figureFileBig=8gLro4sRAu2UzzSkROIBZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816254218362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=图5, caption=库鲁–捷格列克成矿岩体样品原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(a)与球粒陨石标准化稀土配分图(b;标准化值据Sun et al., 1989), figureFileSmall=9crGCQ6kuz8sWSzcPIQRfQ==, figureFileBig=8gLro4sRAu2UzzSkROIBZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816317132923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=(a) CL, (b) BSE image and (c) REE distribution diagram of Apatite, figureFileSmall=d/SdiYvUjBxkhtBa2DaXPQ==, figureFileBig=rhA9jzwBz+MWzt5XRrILLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816401019004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=图6, caption=磷灰石CL(a)、BSE图像(b)及稀土元素配分图(c), figureFileSmall=d/SdiYvUjBxkhtBa2DaXPQ==, figureFileBig=rhA9jzwBz+MWzt5XRrILLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816552013949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=(a) Zircon CL image and (b) REE distribution diagram, figureFileSmall=cn7ylZ5SYrh1W3irjf4YXg==, figureFileBig=rJX+u07+AV2bbkaVHd4cgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816631705726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=图7, caption=锆石CL图像(a)及稀土元素配分图(b), figureFileSmall=cn7ylZ5SYrh1W3irjf4YXg==, figureFileBig=rJX+u07+AV2bbkaVHd4cgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816719786111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=(a) Apatite δEu-δCe diagram and (b) logƒo2-temperature (t) diagram of common oxygen fugacity buffers, figureFileSmall=rWCXuw2d0ihNGcSDDJTXdQ==, figureFileBig=YDWTjf3Y6dU2U1GDtLHpGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816782700672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=图8, caption=磷灰石δEu-δCe图(a)和常用氧逸度缓冲剂的logƒo2-温度(t)图(b;底图据Eügster et al., 1962), figureFileSmall=rWCXuw2d0ihNGcSDDJTXdQ==, figureFileBig=YDWTjf3Y6dU2U1GDtLHpGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816849809537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=(a) Th-Rb covariant diagram of whole rock samples and (b) Apatite Cl-F diagram, figureFileSmall=mM3UTyMYuG/wXygir2yHDQ==, figureFileBig=tPznuW6cUbRkUH4dxWY8vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047816975638658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=图9, caption=全岩样品Th-Rb协变图解(a)和磷灰石Cl-F图(b)

a. I型和S型花岗岩趋势据Sha et al. (1999);b. 底图据Sha et al. (1999)、张晓兵等(2022)

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底图据Pearce et al. (1995)、Flèche et al. (1998)

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板块脱水与沉积物熔融趋势据Ding et al. (2015);底图据朱笑青等(2004)

, figureFileSmall=0cYtFQSKuFcsaCIJZqTMIg==, figureFileBig=G4Di+HvAwhfrIOzuy6DjgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307047819076984967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Analysis results of major elements (%) and trace elements (10−6) of intrusive rocks in the Kuru-Tegerek mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号19KL-0119KL-0219KL-0319KL-0419KL-0519KL-06
SiO271.6972.7975.5469.2456.3563.48
TiO20.310.290.230.361.040.49
Al2O312.5911.848.5314.0016.3417.46
TFe2O35.205.076.465.297.515.63
MnO0.060.060.050.060.180.09
MgO1.331.250.921.454.481.86
CaO4.033.651.804.127.195.36
Na2O2.782.582.032.992.573.01
K2O0.700.680.480.852.161.40
P2O50.110.110.080.130.360.16
Mg#31.3130.5320.2532.8251.5437.06
LOI1.471.382.431.732.331.77
Total100.2799.7098.55100.22100.51100.71
Na2O+K2O3.483.262.513.844.734.41
σ0.420.360.190.561.680.95
A/CNK1.681.711.981.761.371.79
Rb16.516.111.420.9155.536.4
Ba332332199396709541
Th3.663.041.852.8611.96.02
U0.450.430.290.493.480.7
K4649456632385728143619380
Ta0.600.600.400.701.100.70
Nb6.706.203.707.6015.909.10
La22.916.012.017.846.448.1
Ce44.332.023.636.592.887.1
Sr269260173299483332
Nd16.712.79.3015.037.630.1
P4804703705601450670
Zr10899.072.0125248165
Hf2.702.401.703.005.804.00
Sm2.872.381.682.816.694.73
Ti11091043797127134951727
Y15.414.39.9016.823.722.3
Yb1.551.451.041.682.032.18
Lu0.270.230.170.270.320.35
La22.916.012.017.846.448.1
Ce44.332.023.636.592.887.1
Pr4.683.502.534.0710.38.64
Nd16.712.79.3015.037.630.1
Sm2.872.381.682.816.694.73
Eu0.900.760.520.891.881.20
Gd2.642.251.632.705.254.04
Tb0.400.360.260.420.750.61
Dy2.502.281.582.614.273.68
Ho0.520.480.340.560.840.77
Er1.571.441.051.702.302.26
Tm0.230.220.150.260.320.32
Yb1.551.451.041.682.032.18
Lu0.270.230.170.270.320.35
Y15.414.39.9016.823.722.3
ΣREE10276.155.987.3212194
LREE92.467.349.677.1196180
HREE9.688.716.2210.216.114.2
LREE/HREE9.547.737.987.5612.212.7
δEu1.001.000.960.990.970.84
δCe1.051.051.051.051.041.05
(La/Yb)N10.67.928.287.6016.415.8
(La/Sm)N7.986.727.146.336.9410.2
), ArticleFig(id=1307047819173453960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

库鲁–捷列克矿区侵入岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10−6)分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号19KL-0119KL-0219KL-0319KL-0419KL-0519KL-06
SiO271.6972.7975.5469.2456.3563.48
TiO20.310.290.230.361.040.49
Al2O312.5911.848.5314.0016.3417.46
TFe2O35.205.076.465.297.515.63
MnO0.060.060.050.060.180.09
MgO1.331.250.921.454.481.86
CaO4.033.651.804.127.195.36
Na2O2.782.582.032.992.573.01
K2O0.700.680.480.852.161.40
P2O50.110.110.080.130.360.16
Mg#31.3130.5320.2532.8251.5437.06
LOI1.471.382.431.732.331.77
Total100.2799.7098.55100.22100.51100.71
Na2O+K2O3.483.262.513.844.734.41
σ0.420.360.190.561.680.95
A/CNK1.681.711.981.761.371.79
Rb16.516.111.420.9155.536.4
Ba332332199396709541
Th3.663.041.852.8611.96.02
U0.450.430.290.493.480.7
K4649456632385728143619380
Ta0.600.600.400.701.100.70
Nb6.706.203.707.6015.909.10
La22.916.012.017.846.448.1
Ce44.332.023.636.592.887.1
Sr269260173299483332
Nd16.712.79.3015.037.630.1
P4804703705601450670
Zr10899.072.0125248165
Hf2.702.401.703.005.804.00
Sm2.872.381.682.816.694.73
Ti11091043797127134951727
Y15.414.39.9016.823.722.3
Yb1.551.451.041.682.032.18
Lu0.270.230.170.270.320.35
La22.916.012.017.846.448.1
Ce44.332.023.636.592.887.1
Pr4.683.502.534.0710.38.64
Nd16.712.79.3015.037.630.1
Sm2.872.381.682.816.694.73
Eu0.900.760.520.891.881.20
Gd2.642.251.632.705.254.04
Tb0.400.360.260.420.750.61
Dy2.502.281.582.614.273.68
Ho0.520.480.340.560.840.77
Er1.571.441.051.702.302.26
Tm0.230.220.150.260.320.32
Yb1.551.451.041.682.032.18
Lu0.270.230.170.270.320.35
Y15.414.39.9016.823.722.3
ΣREE10276.155.987.3212194
LREE92.467.349.677.1196180
HREE9.688.716.2210.216.114.2
LREE/HREE9.547.737.987.5612.212.7
δEu1.001.000.960.990.970.84
δCe1.051.051.051.051.041.05
(La/Yb)N10.67.928.287.6016.415.8
(La/Sm)N7.986.727.146.336.9410.2
), ArticleFig(id=1307047819332837513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307047798218711047, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Major element(%) analysis results of typical apatite grains in Kuru-Tegerek granodiorite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号P2O5CaOMgOSO3MnOFeONa2OSiO2FClTotalCl/FXFXClXOH
19KL-01-441.5654.73−0.090.130.320.050.091.780.5299.270.290.480.070.45
19KL-01-141.2055.40−0.030.080.160.040.282.170.2399.580.110.580.030.39
19KL-01-342.2655.380.010.040.070.11−0.222.230.14100.450.060.590.020.39
19KL-01-940.8855.18−−0.160.040.020.272.390.4599.380.190.640.060.30
19KL-01-841.8854.68−0.030.030.16−0.322.030.3299.440.160.540.050.41
19KL-01-741.6155.84−0.030.040.270.050.211.770.26100.080.140.470.040.50
19KL-01-1040.7556.67−0.02−0.080.020.292.350.18100.360.080.620.030.35
19KL-04-141.2155.550.010.040.150.07−0.382.160.2699.840.120.570.040.39
19KL-04-241.3255.49−−0.060.160.030.282.490.46100.290.180.660.070.27
19KL-04-341.8555.010.010.040.120.030.110.242.300.35100.040.150.610.050.34
19KL-04-541.5555.82−−0.120.060.030.142.070.27100.050.130.550.040.42
19KL-04-741.7455.120.010.020.110.070.030.182.640.26100.160.100.700.040.26
19KL-04-1140.8755.97−0.020.080.020.050.282.300.2399.820.100.610.030.36
19KL-04-1241.3955.65−0.030.080.150.040.192.150.2699.940.120.570.040.39
19KL-04-1341.1255.260.010.040.140.030.060.222.240.2799.390.120.600.040.36
19KL-04-1441.7755.030.010.040.080.070.060.282.220.3799.910.170.590.050.36
19KL-04-441.2455.550.020.030.110.14−0.352.080.2299.720.110.550.030.42
19KL-04-1041.7655.31−0.010.130.200.030.252.120.24100.040.110.560.030.40
19KL-04-841.6555.73−−−0.050.020.281.990.1699.890.080.530.020.45
19KL-04-942.0755.43−0.030.120.270.030.192.360.26100.760.110.620.040.34
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库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中典型磷灰石的主量元素(%)分析结果

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样品号P2O5CaOMgOSO3MnOFeONa2OSiO2FClTotalCl/FXFXClXOH
19KL-01-441.5654.73−0.090.130.320.050.091.780.5299.270.290.480.070.45
19KL-01-141.2055.40−0.030.080.160.040.282.170.2399.580.110.580.030.39
19KL-01-342.2655.380.010.040.070.11−0.222.230.14100.450.060.590.020.39
19KL-01-940.8855.18−−0.160.040.020.272.390.4599.380.190.640.060.30
19KL-01-841.8854.68−0.030.030.16−0.322.030.3299.440.160.540.050.41
19KL-01-741.6155.84−0.030.040.270.050.211.770.26100.080.140.470.040.50
19KL-01-1040.7556.67−0.02−0.080.020.292.350.18100.360.080.620.030.35
19KL-04-141.2155.550.010.040.150.07−0.382.160.2699.840.120.570.040.39
19KL-04-241.3255.49−−0.060.160.030.282.490.46100.290.180.660.070.27
19KL-04-341.8555.010.010.040.120.030.110.242.300.35100.040.150.610.050.34
19KL-04-541.5555.82−−0.120.060.030.142.070.27100.050.130.550.040.42
19KL-04-741.7455.120.010.020.110.070.030.182.640.26100.160.100.700.040.26
19KL-04-1140.8755.97−0.020.080.020.050.282.300.2399.820.100.610.030.36
19KL-04-1241.3955.65−0.030.080.150.040.192.150.2699.940.120.570.040.39
19KL-04-1341.1255.260.010.040.140.030.060.222.240.2799.390.120.600.040.36
19KL-04-1441.7755.030.010.040.080.070.060.282.220.3799.910.170.590.050.36
19KL-04-441.2455.550.020.030.110.14−0.352.080.2299.720.110.550.030.42
19KL-04-1041.7655.31−0.010.130.200.030.252.120.24100.040.110.560.030.40
19KL-04-841.6555.73−−−0.050.020.281.990.1699.890.080.530.020.45
19KL-04-942.0755.43−0.030.120.270.030.192.360.26100.760.110.620.040.34
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Trace element (10−6)analysis results of typical apatite grains in Kuru-Tegerek granodiorite

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样品号19KL-0119KL-04
测点号12345612345691011121314
La121857459210981067109411461656808149512921028873913864119310081081
Ce254315321692250721602724270530572130341129852011223222562234256026812408
Pr299207234298232367353300297419365224301302287302380270
Nd119094310821186841156014661015134716771456876129713121190116916881053
Sm207202236201126299284145346292255169257265234197360184
Eu25.013.415.624.118.827.623.619.814.328.825.612.622.722.918.022.019.518.3
Gd193199231188115277280127366268235173258269233180357180
Tb27.028.432.725.515.040.140.417.765.038.934.425.736.939.933.624.958.725.8
Dy15115517814485.522923593.0418227195143211223190144359147
Ho29.529.234.528.416.745.647.918.481.644.738.527.241.244.036.529.372.528.8
Er76.571.986.677.143.412112850.723512210571.410511993.179.121078.3
Tm9.238.8610.69.855.7115.717.16.1532.815.913.48.6013.414.611.210.430.010.5
Yb55.149.660.463.233.896.710541.621799.582.849.479.391.567.768.118971.4
Lu7.876.898.198.895.1714.115.26.0428.214.812.96.8611.313.39.289.9926.310.1
Th59.310.415.954.238.869.734.657.120.090.876.816.042.941.918.542.252.831.5
Sr298296276294286294252287213282278271274266254279217268
MnO0.100.160.150.090.100.090.130.110.140.120.110.140.090.100.130.110.110.16
ΣREE603240204494585947656909684465556386815370944825573958855501598874405565
LREE548234723852531544456070597661944942732363784321498350704827544261385014
HREE55054864354532083986836114448307165057568156745461303551
LaN/YbN15.98.307.0312.522.68.117.8528.52.6710.811.214.97.907.169.1612.63.8310.9
δEu0.380.200.200.370.470.290.250.430.120.310.310.220.270.260.230.350.160.30
δCe1.001.091.111.051.021.051.030.981.071.041.050.981.061.051.091.021.061.06
LREE/HREE9.986.335.999.7513.97.246.8917.23.428.828.908.566.596.227.179.974.719.10
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库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中典型磷灰石的微量元素(10−6)分析结果

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样品号19KL-0119KL-04
测点号12345612345691011121314
La121857459210981067109411461656808149512921028873913864119310081081
Ce254315321692250721602724270530572130341129852011223222562234256026812408
Pr299207234298232367353300297419365224301302287302380270
Nd119094310821186841156014661015134716771456876129713121190116916881053
Sm207202236201126299284145346292255169257265234197360184
Eu25.013.415.624.118.827.623.619.814.328.825.612.622.722.918.022.019.518.3
Gd193199231188115277280127366268235173258269233180357180
Tb27.028.432.725.515.040.140.417.765.038.934.425.736.939.933.624.958.725.8
Dy15115517814485.522923593.0418227195143211223190144359147
Ho29.529.234.528.416.745.647.918.481.644.738.527.241.244.036.529.372.528.8
Er76.571.986.677.143.412112850.723512210571.410511993.179.121078.3
Tm9.238.8610.69.855.7115.717.16.1532.815.913.48.6013.414.611.210.430.010.5
Yb55.149.660.463.233.896.710541.621799.582.849.479.391.567.768.118971.4
Lu7.876.898.198.895.1714.115.26.0428.214.812.96.8611.313.39.289.9926.310.1
Th59.310.415.954.238.869.734.657.120.090.876.816.042.941.918.542.252.831.5
Sr298296276294286294252287213282278271274266254279217268
MnO0.100.160.150.090.100.090.130.110.140.120.110.140.090.100.130.110.110.16
ΣREE603240204494585947656909684465556386815370944825573958855501598874405565
LREE548234723852531544456070597661944942732363784321498350704827544261385014
HREE55054864354532083986836114448307165057568156745461303551
LaN/YbN15.98.307.0312.522.68.117.8528.52.6710.811.214.97.907.169.1612.63.8310.9
δEu0.380.200.200.370.470.290.250.430.120.310.310.220.270.260.230.350.160.30
δCe1.001.091.111.051.021.051.030.981.071.041.050.981.061.051.091.021.061.06
LREE/HREE9.986.335.999.7513.97.246.8917.23.428.828.908.566.596.227.179.974.719.10
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Trace element(10−6) compositions of zircon grains in Kuru-Tegerek granodiorite

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样品号19KL-0119KL-04
测点号12312
La0.011.3322.60.050.60
Ce4.6015.071.413.78.95
Pr0.010.768.040.070.44
Nd0.104.9140.81.045.62
Sm0.494.8812.33.438.70
Eu0.190.581.280.340.24
Gd3.5724.733.822.039.5
Tb1.509.7610.98.3410.9
Dy22.2135133116105
Ho9.4856.053.049.535.9
Er55.0301269258163
Tm12.161.854.553.530.9
Yb138603515525278
Lu33.413111311155.5
Ti4.748.925.133.8950.6
U37.9148144159530
ΣREE281135013381163744
LREE5.4027.415618.624.6
HREE275132211821144719
δEu0.310.130.180.090.03
δCe80.93.601.3049.94.09
LREE/HREE0.020.020.130.020.03
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库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中典型锆石颗粒微量元素(10−6)分析结果

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样品号19KL-0119KL-04
测点号12312
La0.011.3322.60.050.60
Ce4.6015.071.413.78.95
Pr0.010.768.040.070.44
Nd0.104.9140.81.045.62
Sm0.494.8812.33.438.70
Eu0.190.581.280.340.24
Gd3.5724.733.822.039.5
Tb1.509.7610.98.3410.9
Dy22.2135133116105
Ho9.4856.053.049.535.9
Er55.0301269258163
Tm12.161.854.553.530.9
Yb138603515525278
Lu33.413111311155.5
Ti4.748.925.133.8950.6
U37.9148144159530
ΣREE281135013381163744
LREE5.4027.415618.624.6
HREE275132211821144719
δEu0.310.130.180.090.03
δCe80.93.601.3049.94.09
LREE/HREE0.020.020.130.020.03
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吉尔吉斯斯坦库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义
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李宇轩 1, 2 , 陈博 3 , 王斌 3, * , 安芳 1 , Pak Nikolal 4
西北地质 | 西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026,59(1): 172-188
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西北地质 |西部地区金矿成因研究与找矿进展 2026 , 59 (1) : 172 -188
吉尔吉斯斯坦库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义
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李宇轩1, 2 , 陈博3, 王斌3, * , 安芳1, Pak Nikolal4
作者信息
  • 1大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西 西安 710069
  • 2西安西北有色物化探总队有限公司,陕西 西安 710068
  • 3中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710119
  • 4吉尔吉斯国家科学院地质研究所,吉尔吉斯斯坦 比什凯克 996312
通讯作者:
王斌(1982−),男,高级工程师,主要从事中亚地区矿产地质研究工作。E−mail:。
作者简介:

李宇轩(1997−),男,硕士研究生,矿物学、岩石学和矿床学专业。E−mail:

Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Intrusive Ore-Forming Rock Bodies in the Kuru-Tegerek Copper-Gold Deposit, Kyrgyzstan
Yuxuan LI1, 2 , Bo CHEN3, Bin WANG3, * , Fang AN1, Pak Nikolal4
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Xi'an Northwest Non-ferrous Geophysical and Chemical Exploration Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
  • 3Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
  • 4Geological Institute of theNational Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 996312, Kyrgyzstan
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024135
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库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床位于中亚造山带中天山西段恰特卡尔构造带,是吉尔吉斯斯坦境内的大型矽卡岩型铜金矿床。为了深入了解库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体的岩浆性质和岩石成因,笔者对成矿岩体开展了详细的岩相学和地球化学研究。研究结果显示,成矿岩体为花岗闪长岩,属于过铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩系列,具有轻稀土相对重稀土富集(LaN/YbN值为7.6~16.4)、无明显Eu和Ce异常(δEu值为0.84~1.00;δCe值为1.04~1.05),Rb、Ba、Zr和Hf相对富集,而U、Th、Sr、Nb、Ta和Nd相对亏损的地球化学特征。花岗闪长岩中磷灰石轻稀土相对富集(LREE/HREE值为3.42~17.15),具有强Eu负异常(δEu值为0.12~0.47),无明显Ce异常;锆石强烈富集重稀土(LREE/HREE值为0.02~0.13),大多呈强的负Eu异常和正Ce异常(δEu值为0.03~0.31,δCe值为1.3~80.9)。磷灰石和锆石微量元素地球化学特征显示,成矿岩浆的温度为742~779℃,并具有较高岩浆氧逸度(ΔFMQ集中于0.4~3.9)和F(1466×10–6~2909×10–6)、Cl(548×10–6~2033×10–6)含量,为Cu-Au成矿提供了有利的岩浆条件。库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床可能为早石炭世晚期土耳其斯坦洋洋壳向北俯冲过程中,地幔楔受俯冲板片组分交代部分熔融产生的高氧逸度、富挥发分(F、Cl)岩浆侵位于下石炭统多内昔组灰岩中,经含矿岩浆热液与灰岩相互作用而形成。

中天山  /  库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿  /  成矿岩体  /  岩浆性质  /  岩石成因

The Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit is located in the Chatkal tectonic belt of the western segment of the Central Asian orogenic belt in Kyrgyzstan. It is a large skarn-type copper-gold deposit. In order to better understand the magmatic properties and petrogenesis of the ore-forming rock bodies in the Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit, detailed petrographic and geochemical studies have been conducted on the ore-forming rock bodies in the mining area. The results show that the ore-forming rock bodies are granodiorites, belonging to the peraluminous calc-alkaline I-type granite series, with light rare earth elements enriched relative to heavy rare earth elements (LaN/YbN = 7.6~16.4), no significant Eu and Ce anomalies (δEu = 0.84~1.00; δCe = 1.04~1.05), and relatively enriched Rb, Ba, Zr, and Hf, while U, Th, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Nd are relatively depleted. The apatite in the granodiorite is enriched in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE=3.42~17.15), showing strong negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.12~0.47) and no significant Ce anomalies; zircons are strongly enriched in heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE=0.02~0.13), mostly showing strong negative Eu anomalies and positive Ce anomalies (δEu=0.03~0.31, δCe=1.3~80.9). The trace element geochemical characteristics of apatite and zircon indicate that the temperature of the ore-forming magma is about 742~779℃, with high magmatic oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ=0.4~3.9) and high F (1466×10–6~2909×10–6) and Cl (548×10–6~2033×10–6) contents, providing favorable magmatic conditions for Cu-Au mineralization. The Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit may have been formed during the late Early Carboniferous period when the Turkestan oceanic crust subducted northward, and the mantle wedge was partially melted by the metasomatic components of the subducting slab, resulting in high oxygen fugacity and volatile-rich (F, Cl) magma intrusion into the Lower Carboniferous Duoneixi Formation limestone. The interaction between the ore-bearing magmatic hydrothermal fluid and the limestone formed the deposit.

Central Tianshan  /  Kuru-Tegerek Cu-Au deposit  /  metallogenic rock body  /  magma property  /  petrogenesis
李宇轩, 陈博, 王斌, 安芳, Pak Nikolal. 吉尔吉斯斯坦库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (1) : 172 -188 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024135
Yuxuan LI, Bo CHEN, Bin WANG, Fang AN, Pak Nikolal. Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Intrusive Ore-Forming Rock Bodies in the Kuru-Tegerek Copper-Gold Deposit, Kyrgyzstan[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (1) : 172 -188 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024135
中亚造山带天山成矿带发育多个世界级金、铜矿床,类型包括造山型、斑岩型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩型等(Zu et al., 2019; 曹积飞等, 2023)。位于中天山西段塔纳斯–费尔干纳深断裂西南侧的恰特卡尔–库拉玛构造带是域内重要的斑岩型、矽卡岩型Cu-Au矿床成矿带(图1),库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床位于该成矿带东端(刘春涌,2005),是吉尔吉斯斯坦境内具有重要经济意义的大型矽卡岩型铜金矿床(Soloviev et al., 2018;吕鹏瑞,2021,2022)。库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床产于下石炭统多内昔组灰岩与早石炭世晚期侵入岩的接触带内,是岩浆–热液活动与构造共同作用的产物,矿体受褶皱、断裂以及密集的裂隙系统和破碎带所控制,表现出明显的多期多阶段性(刘春涌, 2005; Zu et al., 2019; 李平等, 2024)。截至目前,前人已对该矿床的地质特征、成矿地质背景、成矿年代和矿床成因开展了研究,认为库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床的成矿年龄约为325 Ma(锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(326±3) Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(323±2 )Ma(Zu et al., 2019),与矿区出露的钙碱性侵入岩具有密切的成因联系(Soloviev et al., 2018)。然而,对成矿岩体岩浆性质、岩浆成因及其成矿有利性的研究依然相对薄弱,制约了对库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿作用的深入认识,也在一定程度上阻碍了完善矿区和区域成矿模型的进展。因此,笔者在前人研究工作的基础上,选取库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床与矿化相关的侵入岩体为研究对象,通过成矿岩体岩相学、全岩主微量元素地球化学,以及磷灰石和锆石矿物化学研究,探讨了其岩浆性质、岩石成因及其成矿意义,以期为完善矿区乃至区域成矿模型提供科学依据。
天山成矿带位于中亚造山带的西南部(图1),因其拥有大量世界级铜金矿床而受到全球地质学家的广泛关注(Kudrin et al., 1990;Berger et al., 2010;于海峰等, 2011;薛春纪等, 2014)。根据前中生代地质构造的巨大差异,将天山造山带自北向南划分为北天山、中天山和南天山3个构造带,在吉尔吉斯斯坦–乌兹别克斯坦境内,北天山和中天山以尼古拉耶夫线为界,中天山与南天山的界线自东向西依次为阿特巴什–伊内里切克深大断裂和土耳其斯坦洋缝合线(图1)(薛春纪等, 2014; 陈博等, 2016; 曹积飞等, 2023)。恰特卡尔成矿带位于中天山西段、塔纳斯–费尔干纳深大断裂与土耳其斯坦洋缝合线之间,通常认为是土耳其斯坦洋壳在晚古生代期间向北俯冲形成的陆缘弧的组成部分(Seltmann et al., 2011; Soloviev et al., 2018; Zu et al., 2019)。
恰特卡尔成矿带处于元古宇大陆基底之上,主要包含古元古界片麻岩、云母片岩、角闪石片岩和新元古界火山岩和变质沉积岩。上奥陶统作为区内最老的盖层直接覆盖在古元古界岩系之上,由片岩、灰岩和火山岩组成。志留系为一套陆源碎屑岩,含火山岩夹层,被下泥盆统火山–沉积岩系不整合覆盖,中—上泥盆统灰岩则被晚泥盆世—早石炭世期间广泛形成的一套厚层碳酸盐岩所整合覆盖。晚石炭世该地区发生了与俯冲相关的岩浆活动,形成了以散达拉石闪长岩–花岗闪长岩–花岗岩杂岩体为代表的中酸性侵入岩,和以上石炭统下部安山岩、凝灰岩等为代表的弧火山岩。上石炭统底部为砾岩和砂岩,不整合覆盖在下石炭统之上。二叠纪期间该地区演变为碰撞环境,最早形成下二叠统下部的砾岩、砂岩和页岩,不整合覆盖在上石炭统之上,下二叠统中部由流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩组成,上部出现石英斑岩;中二叠统底部发育砂岩、砾岩,顶部出现英安岩、流纹岩及凝灰岩(陈博等, 2016; Soloviev et al., 2018; Zu et al., 2019; 姜雨奇等, 2023)。
恰特卡尔成矿带内成矿作用与散达拉石侵入体侵位具有密切的时空和成因联系。散达拉石杂岩体的形成经历了4期岩浆作用:第一期主要发生在325 Ma,形成辉长岩–花岗闪长岩小规模侵入体,与库鲁–捷格列克矿床成矿关系最为密切;第二期是315 Ma形成的闪长岩–石英正长岩较大规模侵入体,这一阶段影响着Kal’makyr等斑岩型矿床的发育;第三期为305 Ma形成的花岗闪长岩–闪长岩,与博济姆恰克等斑岩–矽卡岩型Cu-Au矿床成矿关系密切;第四期为295 Ma形成的规模较小的斜长花岗岩岩株,影响了Kouchbulak浅成低温热液型金矿床的发育(图1;Seltmann et al., 2011, 2014; Dolgopolova et al., 2017)。
库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿位于恰尔卡特成矿带的东北部,是区内最大的矽卡岩型Cu-Au矿床(图1),其中主要的成矿阶段为:早期钙镁质进矽卡岩阶段;铜–金–钼矿化的退矽卡岩阶段;脉型铜–钼矿化的英云闪长斑岩阶段和浅部金矿化的石英–硫化物阶段(刘春涌, 2005; Soloviev et al., 2018; Zu et al., 2019; 李平等, 2024)。矿区出露地层为下石炭统多内昔组灰岩、白云岩等,被中酸性岩株状岩体所侵位,该岩体是散达拉石岩体的组成部分,总体走向北东,平面上呈不规则状,边界复杂多变,与矽卡岩和铜金矿体表现出明显的关联(图2)。矽卡岩分布于侵入体与灰岩、白云岩、大理岩的接触带,发育辉石、石榴子石等矽卡岩矿物(Soloviev et al., 2018)。铜金矿体赋存于内部结构复杂的矽卡岩带内,呈带状、层状和透镜状沿环形接触带断续分布,根据矿体空间分布位置,将其划分为南矿带、北东矿带、北西矿带(图2)。矿区发育绢英岩化、青磐岩化和钾化等热液蚀变,其中绢英岩化与铜金矿化关系最密切(Soloviev et al., 2018)。原生矿石呈浸染状构造、块状构造和网脉状构造,以充填交代结构和粒状结构为主,脉石矿物有石榴子石、透辉石、阳起石、石英、含铁碳酸盐矿物、方解石等(Soloviev et al., 2018),矿石矿物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、毒砂、辉钼矿、闪锌矿、自然金和银金矿等,辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(323±2 )Ma(Zu et al., 2019)。
样品采自库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床北西矿带2800 m中段,主要为与矿化有关的侵入岩。样品手标本呈灰白色–浅灰绿色(图3a),斑状构造,主要矿物为斜长石、角闪石、少量钾长石、黑云母和石英。显微镜下观察显示,斜长石呈自形–半自形柱状结构,是主要的斑晶矿物,含量约为50%~60%,粒径为0.5~2 mm,发育环带构造,有明显绢云母化蚀变,导致晶体呈污浊状(图3b、图3c);角闪石大多被蚀变为阳起石,但部分保留了角闪石假象,预估其占矿物总含量的10%,粒径为0.7~2 mm;石英在显微镜下呈无色透明,自形–半自形粒状结构,含量约为10%~20%,粒径约为0.1~1 mm;钾长石具有阶梯状解理,半自形–他形结构,约占矿物含量的10%~15%;黑云母镜下呈棕褐色,部分绿泥石化明显,约占矿物总含量的5%(图3b、图3d)。岩石中的副矿物有磷灰石、榍石和锆石等,多呈细粒自形晶结构(图3e、图3f)。基于矿物组成和含量,初步认为库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿区成矿岩体岩性为花岗闪长岩。
在手标本和显微镜观察基础上,挑选了6件具有代表性的成矿岩体样品进行主微量元素地球化学分析。取新鲜岩体样品,用清水洗净晾干,随后进行样品烘干,用不锈钢擂钵破碎至1~2 mm以下,再用无污染钵振动碾磨至200目,待分析。测试工作在广州澳实分析检测中心(ALS minerals-ALS chemax)完成,主量元素定量分析仪器为PANalytical PW 2424 X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF),测试精度优于1%;微量、稀土元素的测试仪器分别为Perkin Elmer Elan 9000与Agilent VISTA电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP⁃MS),测试精度优于5%。
根据显微镜综合观察结果,在薄片(19KL-01、19KL-04)中圈定磷灰石和锆石副矿物开展阴极发光(CL)及背散射(BSE)成像研究,并在此基础上在武汉上谱分析科技有限公司开展了原位主量和微量元素地球化学分析。主量元素分析工作利用电子探针完成,仪器型号为JEOL JXA-8230,由于磷灰石中F、Cl、Ca等元素相对不稳定,本次实验分析采用较低强度的电压电流(15 kV、10 nA),束斑直径为10 μm,校正标样为SPI公司提供的磷灰石(Ca、P)、硬玉(Na、Si)、镁橄榄石(Mg)、赤铁矿(Fe)、蔷薇辉石(Mn)、金云母(F)和硅铍铝钠石(Cl),数据采用日本电子(JEOL)的ZAF校正方法进行修正。矿物微区原位微量元素分析利用LA-ICP-MS完成,激光剥蚀系统由COMPexPro 102 ArF 193 nm准分子激光器和Micro Las光学系统组成,ICP-MS型号为Agilent 7900,激光剥蚀过程中采用氦气作载气、氩气为补偿气以调节灵敏度(Hu et al., 2015),详细仪器参数和分析流程见Zong et al. (2017)。本次分析的激光剥蚀束斑为32 µm、频率为4 Hz,采用玻璃标准物质BHVO-2G、BCR-2G和BIR-1G进行多外标无内标校正,数据处理采用软件ICP MS Data Cal完成(Liu et al., 2008)。
全岩主量元素分析结果显示(表1),库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体中SiO2含量变化较大,介于56.35%~75.54%;Na2O含量相对集中,为2.03%~3.01%;K2O含量为0.48%~2.16%,明显低于Na2O。Na2O+K2O含量为2.51%~4.73%;Al2O3含量为8.53%~17.46%;CaO含量为1.80%~7.19%;另含少量P2O5(0.08%~0.36%)。里特曼指数σ值为0.19~1.68,小于3.3,显示钙碱性的特征;A/CNK指数为1.37~1.98,反映为过铝质花岗岩(刘洪等,2016;吕鹏瑞等,2017)。在TAS图解中,由于SiO2含量变化较大,6组数据落入从闪长岩、花岗闪长岩到花岗岩的较大变化范围内(图4a)。结合镜下观察,推测成矿流体叠加所造成的不同程度硅化,是导致样品SiO2含量变化较大的主要原因。为避免蚀变作用在岩石分类中产生的影响,笔者选择地球化学性质相对稳定的高场强元素(Ti、Nb、Zr)对样品进行分类研究,在Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y图中,所有样品均落在花岗闪长岩区域(图4b),与岩相学观察结果基本一致。
样品的微量元素分析结果表明(表1),其微量元素组成特征相似。在原始地幔标准化蛛网图解中,呈现出Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Zr和Hf相对富集,Nb、Ta、P和Ti相对亏损的特征(图5a);球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式总体趋势相近,呈平缓右倾型(图5b),稀土总量(ΣREE)为55.85×10−6~211.85×10−6,轻稀土相对重稀土富集,(La/Yb)N 值为7.6~16.4、无明显Eu和Ce异常(δEu值为0.84~1.00,δCe 值为1.04~1.05)。
作为侵入岩中一种常见的副矿物,磷灰石可容纳多种微量元素,且物理化学性质稳定(Белоусова et al., 2002; Mao et al., 2016),能够记录岩浆的年龄、温度、氧逸度、含水量、挥发分等信息,是岩浆–热液成矿过程信息的良好载体(李华伟等,2023)。库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中磷灰石较常见,粒径为30~200 μm不等,呈自形–半自形晶结构,通常被斜长石、黑云母、阳起石等矿物包裹(图3f)。大部分磷灰石颗粒的CL图像比较均一,仅个别发育细小热液蚀变边(图6a)。背散射图像显示,磷灰石颗粒内部成分均匀,不含矿物包裹体(图6b),符合典型的岩浆成因磷灰石特征(Harlov, 2015; Webster et al., 2015)。
库鲁–捷格列克成矿有关花岗闪长岩中磷灰石P2O5含量为40.75%~42.26%,CaO含量变化范围为54.68%~56.67%。此外,含少量SiO2(0.09%~0.38%)、FeO(0.02%~0.32%)和MnO(0.03%~0.16%),而Na2O、MgO和SO3的含量均低于0.01%;挥发性组分F含量为1.77%~2.64%,Cl含量为0.14%~0.52%,Cl/F值为0.062~0.291(表2)。原位微量元素分析结果显示,磷灰石稀土总量为4020×10−6~8153×10−6,轻稀土相对重稀土富集(LREE/HREE值为3.42~17.15),在球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图中呈右倾趋势,表现为强Eu负异常(δEu值为0.12~0.47),无明显Ce异常(图6c;表3)。
锆石和磷灰石一样,同为岩浆–热液矿床中常见的副矿物,化学性质稳定,能够很好地对岩浆作用及成矿过程进行记录(Ballard et al., 2002; Piccoli et al., 2002; 李华伟等, 2023)。库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中锆石含量较低,粒径通常低于100 μm(图3e),多呈自形粒状结构,CL图像中存在明显的韵律环带,无核幔边结构(图7a)。本次研究对花岗闪长岩中5颗锆石进行了原位微量元素分析,锆石稀土总量变化范围为281×10−6~1350×10−6,在球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图中,轻重稀土分异明显,重稀土强烈富集(LREE/HREE值为0.02~0.13),大多具有强负Eu异常和正Ce异常(δEu值为0.03~0.31,δCe值为1.3~80.9)(表4,图7b)。
岩浆的组分、温度及氧化还原状态等因素对Cu、Au等亲硫元素的富集具有控制作用,一般认为偏氧化性岩浆能更容易将亲硫金属元素从地幔携带至地壳浅部,从而有利于金属矿床的形成(Hattori et al., 2001; Sillitoe, 2010)。在研究岩浆类型及其相关成矿过程时,岩浆温度是重要的物理参数之一,如A型花岗岩的形成常与幔源岩浆相关,其岩浆温度相对较高,通常为800~900 ℃(King et al., 2001)。锆石Zr饱和温度能够对岩浆温度提供简单而有效的估算(Watson et al., 1983; Miller et al., 2003)。
$ \begin{split}&{T}_{Zr}\left( {^ \circ {\rm{C}}} \right)=\frac{12\;900}{\left[2.95+0.85M+\mathrm{ln}\left(\dfrac{496\;000}{{Zr}_{melt}}\right)-273\right]} \\&\qquad \qquad M=\frac{Na+K+2Ca}{\left(Al\times S i\right)} \end{split}$
式中:数值为全岩Si、Al、Ca、Na、K元素阳离子数归一化后各元素的阳离子数。通过以上公式计算获得,库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩的形成温度为742~779 ℃。
磷灰石地球化学组成可以保存原始的岩浆信息,其中,Mn、Ga、Eu和Ce等元素常被用来讨论岩浆的氧化还原状态(Drake, 1975; Peng et al., 1997; Sha et al., 1999; Pan et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2019)。Mn、Ga、Eu、Ce都是变价元素,在高氧逸度岩浆环境中会被氧化成高价态的Mn4+、Ga3+、Eu3+、Ce4+,而Mn2+、Ga2+、Eu3+、Ce3+则更倾向于进入磷灰石(Shannon, 1976; Sha et al., 1999; Белоусова et al., 2002),高氧逸度岩浆环境中结晶出的磷灰石具有更低的Mn、Ga、Ce含量和相对较高的Eu含量,而较低岩浆氧逸度环境下刚好相反。库鲁-捷格列克花岗闪长岩中磷灰石样品的MnO平均含量为0.12 %,Ga、Ce和Eu的平均含量分别为17.9×10−6、2434.9 ×10−6和20.7 ×10−6,对比具有较高岩浆氧逸度的滇西普朗斑岩与姚安斑岩磷灰石化学数据发现它们具有相似性(邢凯等,2018;郑瑜林等,2021)。但岩浆的氧化状态可能受到多种因素的影响,不宜使用磷灰石中单一的元素来评判岩浆氧化状态。磷灰石中Ce和Eu这两个具有相反配分行为的元素相结合可以指示岩浆的氧化还原状态(Ballard et al., 2002; Bi et al., 2002; Buick et al., 2007),在低氧逸度条件下,进入磷灰石晶体的Eu3+含量降低而Ce3+含量增加,从而出现负Eu异常和正Ce异常,且负Eu异常程度越高,氧逸度越低(Sha et al., 1999)。库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中磷灰石具有中等负Eu异常(δEu值为0.12~0.47),并且呈现微弱正Ce异常(δCe值为0.98~1.11),δEu和δCe呈负相关关系(图8a),暗示岩浆可能形成于中等偏高的氧逸度环境(Pan et al., 2016)。近年来,利用锆石微量元素和稀土元素计算氧逸度的方法不断被开发利用(张京渤等,2018)。其中,Loucks等(2020)对来自不同成分岩浆共1042个锆石微量元素数据进行回归分析,并提出锆石Ce-U-Ti岩浆氧逸度计。
$\begin{split} &\; \mathrm{log}{f}_{{O}_{2}}(sample)-\mathrm{log}{f}_{{O}_{2}}(FMQ)={3.99}_{8}(\pm {0.12}_{4})\times\\&\; \mathrm{log}\left(\frac{Ce}{\sqrt{{U}_{i}\times Ti}}\right)+{2.28}_{4}(\pm {0.10}_{1})\\&\qquad \qquad\quad{U}_{i}={U}_{测}\times {e}^{t({1.981\;73\times 10}^{-4})} \end{split} $
等式左边$ \mathrm{log}{f}_{{O}_{2}}(sample)-\mathrm{log}{f}_{{O}_{2}}(FMQ) $表示样品氧逸度相对于铁橄榄石–磁铁矿–石英(FMQ)缓冲剂的值(ΔFMQ),等式右边是锆石的Ce和Ti含量(10–6),而Ui代表锆石结晶时U的含量,其中U测为锆石U含量测试值,t是锆石结晶年龄,单位为百万年。通过以上公式计算得出库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩的ΔFMQ平均值分别为:0.37、0.68、3.90、1.19和−2.81;结合锆石Zr饱和温度数据,计算得出每个样品的$ {\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}f}_{{O}_{2}} $值分别为−15.23、−14.92、−11.70、−14.09和−18.09,在$ {\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}f}_{{O}_{2}} $-温度图中,多数样品在FMQ缓冲剂线之上(图8b),进一步表明岩浆具有较高氧化性。
F和Cl是岩浆中重要的挥发分元素,通常被认为在岩浆–热液演化过程中对成矿元素的迁移与富集起着重要作用(Zhang et al., 2022)。熔(流)体包裹体和磷灰石是目前常用的示踪熔体中挥发分含量的工具,Li et al. (2017)提出了利用磷灰石电子探针成分估算平衡熔体中F、Cl含量的方法。
$\begin{split} & {C}_{F}^{melt}\left(ppm\right)=10\;000\times 6.18\times \frac{{X}_{F}^{{A}_{P}}}{{X}_{OH}^{{A}_{P}}} \div\\& \left({e}^{\left[40.33+\left({X}_{F}^{{A}_{P}}-{X}_{OH}^{{A}_{P}}\right)\times 21.29+{\left(-3.96\right)X}_{Cl}^{{A}_{P}}\right]\times \tfrac{\tfrac{1\;000}{8.314}}{T+273.15}}\right)\end{split} $
$\begin{split} &{C}_{Cl}^{melt}\left(ppm\right)=10\;000\times 10.79\times \frac{{X}_{Cl}^{{A}_{P}}}{{X}_{OH}^{{A}_{P}}} \div\\& \left({e}^{\left[25.81+\left({X}_{Cl}^{{A}_{P}}-{X}_{OH}^{{A}_{P}}\right)\times 17.33\right]\times \tfrac{\tfrac{1\;000}{8.314}}{T+273.15}}\right)\end{split} $
式中:T为温度,单位℃;$ {X}_{F}^{Ap} $、$ {X}_{Cl}^{Ap} $与$ {X}_{OH}^{Ap} $表示磷灰石中F、Cl和OH的摩尔百分比(F、Cl、OH的摩尔百分比之和应为1)。库鲁–捷格列克含矿岩浆F的含量为1466×10–6~2909×10–6,平均为2069×10–6;Cl含量为548×10–6~2033×10–6,平均为1144×10–6。
岩浆氧逸度是反映岩浆结晶分异时(742~779 ℃)氧化还原状态的一个重要参数(Streck et al., 1998),库鲁–捷格列克含矿岩体样品的$ {\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}f}_{{O}_{2}} $值可以反映岩浆为较氧化状态(图8b),更易将金属元素从地幔携带到地壳浅部(Hattori et al., 2001; Sillitoe, 2010)。Zhang et al. (2022)总结斑岩Cu矿的成矿岩浆具有明显的高Cl特征,Cl/F值可高达5;斑岩Au矿的成矿岩浆具有低F(低于1000×10–6)、高Cl(达3000×10–6)的特征;斑岩REE矿的成矿岩浆Cl含量明显较低(50×10–6~300×10–6);而斑岩Mo矿则以具有极高的F含量(高达20000×10–6)、Cl含量变化范围大(100×10–6~2000×10–6)为特征。Chang et al. (2008)认为,岩浆中高F含量有利于矽卡岩型矿床矿化,高F含量会导致流体出溶过程延长,降低了热液的出溶温度,从而易发生冷却沉淀。这些特征表明F、Cl在不同金属的运移、富集过程中确实发挥了不同的作用,并表现出不同的成矿专属性。库鲁–捷格列克成矿岩浆的Cl和F含量特征介于斑岩型Cu矿和斑岩型Au矿之间,且具有明显较高的F含量,总体显示其能够演化成为矽卡岩型铜金矿床的优势。
中天山恰尔卡特地区出露的侵入岩主要有闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等(Soloviev et al., 2018; Zu et al., 2019),库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿花岗闪长岩的岩相学和岩石地球化学特征与前人研究结果基本一致(图4、图5)。花岗闪长岩常见于I型、A型和S型花岗岩,岩相学观察结果显示库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩不含A型花岗岩的特征矿物,如钠闪石–钠铁闪石、霓石、霓辉石等碱性暗色矿物(王国辉等,2019)。此外,A型花岗岩形成温度较高,一般大于800 ℃(King et al., 2001),而锆石Zr饱和温度计计算结果显示库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩的形成温度为742~779 ℃,明显低于800 ℃,表明其可能不是A型花岗岩。I型和S型花岗岩通常具有相似的主量元素地球化学特征和矿物组合,因此成因类型不易通过主量元素和矿物组合准确识别(吴福元等,2007)。然而由于岩浆起源的差异,二者在微量元素组成方面存在一定差异。例如,在Th-Rb协变关系图中,库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩样品的Rb与Th含量之间呈现正相关关系(图9a),与典型I型花岗岩的演化趋势一致。磷灰石和锆石地球化学特征对岩石成因类型也具有重要的指示意义,不同成因类型花岗岩中磷灰石和锆石的稀土配分模式存在差异。例如,I型花岗岩中的磷灰石具有右倾型REE配分模式,而S型花岗岩中的磷灰石则表现出相对平坦的REE配分模式(Sha et al., 1999; Белоусова et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2012; Laurent et al., 2017)。库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中磷灰石与锆石的稀土配分模式与前人研究的“典型I型花岗岩”中的磷灰石稀土配分模式具有一定相似性(图6、图7)。前人发现,I型花岗岩中磷灰石常具有低F的特点,而S型花岗岩中的磷灰石常具有高F低Cl的特点(Sha et al., 1999; Chu et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2020)。在Cl-F图中,库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩中的磷灰石接近I型花岗岩而远离S型花岗岩(图9b)。以上推断表明,库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩属于I型花岗岩。
库鲁–捷格列克花岗闪长岩表现出Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常(图5a),与受俯冲物质交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融所形成的岩浆特征相似(Zeng et al., 2021),并且具有明显高于N-MORB的Th/Yb值(图10a),表示其源区可能有俯冲沉积物的加入(Li et al., 2014)。在(Hf/Sm)N-(Ta/La)N图中,样品均落于与流体–熔体相关的区域附近,反映其源区受到了俯冲流体的交代(图10b)。前人实验数据表明,单一地幔或下地壳Cl含量通常较低(通常<1000×10–6)(Sha et al., 1999; Stroncik et al., 2004; Lassiter et al., 2022),而库鲁–捷格列克成矿岩体中具有相对较高的Cl含量(548×10−6~2033×10−6),因此需要有另外的Cl源区,而这个额外Cl源则极有可能为俯冲板片脱水形成的流体。在Sr/Th-La/Sm图解中,部分磷灰石样品也表现出明显的板块脱水流体加入趋势,并反映有沉积物组分的加入(图11a),而在磷灰石稀土元素三角图中,所有样品落入地幔–壳幔混合区域(图11b)。
前人研究表明,库鲁–捷格列克矿床所在的恰尔卡特成矿带在晚古生代(330~270 Ma)的岩浆作用主要与土耳其斯坦洋壳向北俯冲相关,随后洋盆逐渐闭合并与中天山碰撞(Biske et al., 2013; 陈博等, 2016)。库鲁–捷格列克矿区岩浆–成矿事件发生于325~323 Ma(Seltmann al., 2011; Seltmann et al., 2014; Dolgopolova et al., 2017;Zu et al., 2019),处于土耳其斯坦洋壳向北俯冲期间。结合与成矿有关岩体I型花岗岩的成因类型,以及受俯冲物质交代地幔楔所形成岩浆的典型全岩和矿物地球化学特征,推断库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床为早石炭世晚期土耳其斯坦洋壳向北俯冲过程中,受俯冲洋壳组分交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的高氧逸度、高挥发分含量的含矿岩浆,侵位于下石炭统多内昔组灰岩中,经挥发分出溶形成的含矿岩浆热液与灰岩相互作用而形成的矽卡岩型Cu-Au矿床。
(1)库鲁–捷格列克铜金矿床成矿岩体为花岗闪长岩,属于过铝质、钙碱性、I型花岗岩系列。
(2)成矿岩浆温度为742~779 ℃,具有较高氧逸度和高挥发分含量(F值为1466×10–6~2909×10–6;Cl值为548×10–6~2033×10–6),具备形成矽卡岩型矿床的有利岩浆条件。
(3)库鲁–捷格列克成矿母岩浆起源于受俯冲板片物质交代的地幔楔,含矿岩浆向上侵位于下石炭统多内昔组灰岩中,经流体出溶形成的含矿岩浆热液与灰岩反应形成库鲁–捷格列克矽卡岩型铜金矿床。

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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024135
  • 接收时间:2024-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-03
  • 修回日期:2024-06-27
  • 录用日期:2025-01-04
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    1大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西 西安 710069
    2西安西北有色物化探总队有限公司,陕西 西安 710068
    3中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710119
    4吉尔吉斯国家科学院地质研究所,吉尔吉斯斯坦 比什凯克 996312

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王斌(1982−),男,高级工程师,主要从事中亚地区矿产地质研究工作。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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