Article(id=1307086129509982827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12401/j.nwg.2024097, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686585600000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-13, revisedDate=1730822400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-06, acceptedDate=1730822400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-06, onlineDate=1789563217761, onlineDateStr=2026-09-16, pubDate=1787155200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789563217761, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789563217761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789563217761, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307086088166732376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='386', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789563207904, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789616196824, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1307308339885531646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, issueId=1307086088166732376, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=285, endPage=298, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307086129702920812, articleId=1307086129509982827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=EN, title=Zircon U-Pb Dating, Trace Elements Characteristics and Geological Significance of Tonalite in the Huashigou Area, Northwestern Margin of Qaidam Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Northwestern Geology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study focuses on the tonalite in the Huashigou in the western section of the Quanji massif, northwestern margin of the Qaidam basin. Based on detailed field investigations, LA-ICP-MS in-situ isotopic dating and elemental analyses were carried out on the primary zircons to explore the evolutionary history of this area during the important tectonic transition period of the Devonian. The CL images of zircons in Huashigou tonalite show that zircon crystals are mostly columnar or irregularly shaped, euhedral to subhedral grains with clear oscillatory zonations. Zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted average age of 371.1±3.5 Ma, a concordant age of 370.9±1 Ma, and a Th/U ratio of 0.42–0.83. LA-ICP-MS in-situ elemental analysis shows obvious Ce positive anomalies, strong Eu negative anomalies, and relative enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Zircon Ti thermometer calculation reveals zircon crystallization temperatures (tZr-Ti) ranging from 628 to 722 ℃, indicating a typical magmatic origin. In the Pb-Th diagram, all zircon spots fall within the I-type granite zircon field, representing that the original magma is crust-mantle mixed. Based on the above information, it is inferred that Huashigou tonalite was formed in an extensional environment after the collision, representing a magmatic event caused by mantle upwelling and crustal reworking.

, authors=Yongkang JING1, 2, Long ZHANG1, 2, 3, *, Ming LIU1, 2, Yuanwei WANG1, 2, Kang CHEN1, 2, 4, Nan DENG1, 2, Yi ZHANG1, 2, 3, Junwei WU1, 2, authorsList=Yongkang JING, Long ZHANG, Ming LIU, Yuanwei WANG, Kang CHEN, Nan DENG, Yi ZHANG, Junwei WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Long ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Northwestern Geology. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307086132915757691, articleId=1307086129509982827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, language=CN, title=柴北缘西段化石沟英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb测年、微量元素特征及其地质意义, columnId=1307047819974570720, journalTitle=西北地质, columnName=非主题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

笔者以柴北缘全吉地块西段化石沟地区发育的英云闪长岩为研究对象,在详尽的野外观察基础上,对其中的原生锆石开展LA-ICP-MS同位素年代学和原位微区成分分析,探讨该区在泥盆纪这一重要构造转换时期的演化历史。化石沟英云闪长岩中原生锆石CL图像显示,锆石晶体多呈长柱状或不规则状自形–半自形晶,发育清晰的震荡环带;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得加权平均年龄为(371.1±3.5)Ma,谐和年龄为(370.9±1)Ma,Th/U值为0.42~0.83;原位微区成分分析表明其具有明显的Ce正异常,以及强烈的Eu负异常,轻稀土元素普遍亏损而重稀土元素强烈富集;锆石Ti温度计计算得到锆石结晶温度(tZr-Ti)为628~722 ℃,为典型的岩浆成因锆石。在Pb-Th图解中,测点全部落入I型花岗岩锆石区域内,代表了原始岩浆为壳幔混合型岩浆。综合研究认为,推测化石沟英云闪长岩形成于碰撞造山后伸展环境下,代表了地幔物质上涌使地壳物质重熔所导致的岩浆事件。

, authors=景永康1, 2, 张龙1, 2, 3, *, 刘明1, 2, 王元伟1, 2, 陈康1, 2, 4, 邓楠1, 2, 张毅1, 2, 3, 吴珺玮1, 2, authorsList=景永康, 张龙, 刘明, 王元伟, 陈康, 邓楠, 张毅, 吴珺玮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张龙, authorNote=

景永康(1986−),男,高级工程师,从事矿产地质调查评价工作。E−mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张龙(1988−),男,工程师,从事矿产地质调查评工作价。E−mail:。
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景永康(1986−),男,高级工程师,从事矿产地质调查评价工作。E−mail:

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Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2009, 34: 921−930., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307086133196776060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133209358973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133196776060, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Technology Innovation Center for Gold Mine Exploration, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133217747582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133196776060, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心,陕西 西安 710100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086133293245055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133297439360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133293245055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Xi’an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133305827969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133293245055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086133414879874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133419074179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133414879874, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133427462788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133414879874, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307086133511348869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133515543174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133511348869, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307086133523931783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, companyId=1307086133511348869, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西 西安 710069)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307086138691314372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=(a) Geologic map of main tectonic units and (b) geological map of Huashigou area, northwestern margin of Qaidam basin, figureFileSmall=gm/OyLZdXwnIVSQIOBjvtw==, figureFileBig=ktD/fm8Mn7QP2WjouAI/Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086138796171973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大地构造略图(a)(据刘永顺等,2009;许志琴等,2011修改)及化石沟一带地质简图(b)

1.第四系;2.石炭纪羊虎沟组;3.泥盆纪牦牛沟组;4.古元古代达肯大坂岩群;5.新元古代英云闪长岩;6.志留纪二长花岗岩;7.泥盆纪石英闪长岩;8.泥盆纪英云闪长岩;9.二叠纪二长花岗岩;10.二叠纪石英闪长岩;11.二叠纪闪长岩;12.逆断层;13.岩层产状;14.倒转岩层产状;15.样品采集位置及编号

, figureFileSmall=gm/OyLZdXwnIVSQIOBjvtw==, figureFileBig=ktD/fm8Mn7QP2WjouAI/Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139022664390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Field characteristics and Micrographs of tonalite in the Huashigou area, figureFileSmall=fVeatpBGl/AtHzVp+1IJnQ==, figureFileBig=Q57wThFCDN/LXdQw0tJYKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139098161863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=CN, label=图2, caption=化石沟英云闪长岩野外及镜下特征

a、b. 化石沟英云闪长岩露头特征;c、d. 英云闪长岩镜下特征(单偏光,正交光);e、f. 英云闪长岩中金属矿化现象;Qtz.石英;Pl.斜长石;Ser.绢云母;Chl.绿泥石;Mal.孔雀石;Lm.褐铁矿;Ccp.黄铜矿;Py.黄铁矿

, figureFileSmall=fVeatpBGl/AtHzVp+1IJnQ==, figureFileBig=Q57wThFCDN/LXdQw0tJYKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139198825160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=(a) CL images of zircons, (b) U-Pb concordia diagram and weighted average age, and (c) chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the zircons from tonalite in the Huashigou area, figureFileSmall=3JLYk9ya1IosDosft8x5Ig==, figureFileBig=AaKJb7tdAixOL+2bqGVUhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139274322633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=CN, label=图3, caption=化石沟英云闪长岩锆石CL图像(a)、U-Pb谐和图、加权平均年龄(b)和锆石球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线图(c)

球粒陨石成分据Sun et al.(1989);I型花岗岩锆石成分区据Wang et al.(2012)

, figureFileSmall=3JLYk9ya1IosDosft8x5Ig==, figureFileBig=AaKJb7tdAixOL+2bqGVUhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139349820106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=(a) Diagrams of EuN/Eu∗N - REE for discriminating magmatic and hydrothermal zircons and (b) a plot of the calculated crystallization temperatures of zircons using the Ti-thermometer against their Th/U ratios, figureFileSmall=uiXmA+kBacnaA8jMlXze+g==, figureFileBig=GUzK8pTRyPgZinH6N/i/Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139429511883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=CN, label=图4, caption=岩浆锆石和热液锆石的Eu(Eu∗)–REE图解(a)(据Li et al., 2018)和锆石Ti温度计计算结晶温度与Th(U)值关系图(b)(据Hoskin et al., 2003;Watson et al., 2006), figureFileSmall=uiXmA+kBacnaA8jMlXze+g==, figureFileBig=GUzK8pTRyPgZinH6N/i/Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139509203660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=(a, b) Discrimination diagrams of zircons of continental and oceanic crust origins and (c) Discrimination diagrams of zircons from different tectonic background, figureFileSmall=eXIMODeOd2ZcOeI8Gl90Uw==, figureFileBig=j3MFUg38V+f9M/wn2b4PlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139593089741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=CN, label=图5, caption=陆壳锆石和洋壳锆石判别图(a、b)和岩浆类型判别图(c)

a. Hf–U(Yb)图解(据Grimes et al., 2007); b. Y–U(Yb)图解(据Grimes et al., 2007);c. Pb-Th图解(据Yang et al., 2012)

, figureFileSmall=eXIMODeOd2ZcOeI8Gl90Uw==, figureFileBig=j3MFUg38V+f9M/wn2b4PlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139668587214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=(a) Chondrite-normalized REE patterns, (b) Primary mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram, (c) Diagram of A.R-SiO2, and (d) Diagram of Y+Nb-Rb for the granites of late Devonian from the northern margin of Qaidam basin., figureFileSmall=54E3BzAFZgAtrOwjQejphA==, figureFileBig=Togy04IUdimVWdjUv1/gkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139752473295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=CN, label=图6, caption=晚泥盆世柴北缘花岗岩球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线图(a;球粒陨石成分据Sun et al., 1989)、微量元素蛛网图(b;原始地幔成分据Sun et al., 1989)、A.R–SiO2碱度率图解(c;据Wright, 1969)、Y+Nb–Rb构造环境判别图解(d;据Pearce et al., 1984), figureFileSmall=54E3BzAFZgAtrOwjQejphA==, figureFileBig=Togy04IUdimVWdjUv1/gkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307086139836359376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The LA-ICP-MS analytical results of U-Pb isotopes for zircons of tonalite in the Huashigou area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点(10−6)Th/U同位素年龄U-Pb年龄(Ma)
PbThU207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ208Pb/232Th1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ208Pb/232Th1σ
HS0110.2286.7487.31.700.05440.00170.45960.01350.06120.00070.01900.0003388.766.6384.09.4383.14.1380.36.7
HS027.1215.2315.61.470.05250.00180.43130.01450.05960.00070.01800.0003307.677.4364.110.3372.94.2360.06.7
HS0312.3373.1445.11.190.05370.00170.44350.01320.05990.00070.01790.0003357.868.0372.79.3374.94.0358.25.7
HS057.7216.5338.21.560.05260.00180.44110.01490.06070.00070.01920.0004313.277.7371.010.5380.14.3384.87.2
HS065.4192.7276.01.430.05510.00210.44160.01610.05810.00070.01490.0003415.581.6371.411.3364.14.3298.66.5
HS079.1260.9398.81.530.05250.00170.43120.01310.05950.00070.01860.0003307.469.9364.19.3372.74.0371.76.3
HS0812.3361.8540.71.490.05320.00150.42990.01150.05850.00060.01810.0003339.262.1363.18.2366.63.7362.15.7
HS0916.3472.8662.41.400.05290.00140.43600.01100.05970.00060.01830.0003324.458.8367.57.8374.03.7365.95.3
HS104.6140.5314.12.240.05170.00200.42780.01640.06000.00070.01740.0004272.187.9361.611.6375.44.4348.08.5
HS116.7203.1315.81.560.05270.00210.43130.01630.05930.00070.01740.0004314.785.4364.111.5371.54.4349.47.3
HS123.8108.2227.92.110.05540.00290.45710.02360.05980.00090.01840.0006428.9114.4382.216.4374.25.5368.311.8
HS136.3193.8314.31.620.05360.00220.43440.01730.05870.00070.01700.0004355.790.0366.312.2367.74.5340.67.7
HS145.2156.3275.21.760.05460.00260.44800.02060.05950.00080.01720.0005394.8102.7375.914.5372.55.0344.19.3
HS154.8139.9330.62.360.05390.00220.44140.01770.05930.00070.01750.0005367.490.6371.212.5371.54.5351.29.3
HS168.6262.0495.81.890.05240.00180.42700.01370.05900.00070.01690.0003303.774.2361.09.8369.84.0338.96.7
HS178.0234.9349.91.490.05290.00200.41590.01550.05700.00070.01750.0004323.885.4353.111.1357.34.1351.57.0
HS186.8207.8319.11.540.05390.00220.42720.01690.05740.00070.01680.0004368.689.5361.212.1359.84.3337.67.3
), ArticleFig(id=1307086139924439761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

化石沟英云闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点(10−6)Th/U同位素年龄U-Pb年龄(Ma)
PbThU207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ208Pb/232Th1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ208Pb/232Th1σ
HS0110.2286.7487.31.700.05440.00170.45960.01350.06120.00070.01900.0003388.766.6384.09.4383.14.1380.36.7
HS027.1215.2315.61.470.05250.00180.43130.01450.05960.00070.01800.0003307.677.4364.110.3372.94.2360.06.7
HS0312.3373.1445.11.190.05370.00170.44350.01320.05990.00070.01790.0003357.868.0372.79.3374.94.0358.25.7
HS057.7216.5338.21.560.05260.00180.44110.01490.06070.00070.01920.0004313.277.7371.010.5380.14.3384.87.2
HS065.4192.7276.01.430.05510.00210.44160.01610.05810.00070.01490.0003415.581.6371.411.3364.14.3298.66.5
HS079.1260.9398.81.530.05250.00170.43120.01310.05950.00070.01860.0003307.469.9364.19.3372.74.0371.76.3
HS0812.3361.8540.71.490.05320.00150.42990.01150.05850.00060.01810.0003339.262.1363.18.2366.63.7362.15.7
HS0916.3472.8662.41.400.05290.00140.43600.01100.05970.00060.01830.0003324.458.8367.57.8374.03.7365.95.3
HS104.6140.5314.12.240.05170.00200.42780.01640.06000.00070.01740.0004272.187.9361.611.6375.44.4348.08.5
HS116.7203.1315.81.560.05270.00210.43130.01630.05930.00070.01740.0004314.785.4364.111.5371.54.4349.47.3
HS123.8108.2227.92.110.05540.00290.45710.02360.05980.00090.01840.0006428.9114.4382.216.4374.25.5368.311.8
HS136.3193.8314.31.620.05360.00220.43440.01730.05870.00070.01700.0004355.790.0366.312.2367.74.5340.67.7
HS145.2156.3275.21.760.05460.00260.44800.02060.05950.00080.01720.0005394.8102.7375.914.5372.55.0344.19.3
HS154.8139.9330.62.360.05390.00220.44140.01770.05930.00070.01750.0005367.490.6371.212.5371.54.5351.29.3
HS168.6262.0495.81.890.05240.00180.42700.01370.05900.00070.01690.0003303.774.2361.09.8369.84.0338.96.7
HS178.0234.9349.91.490.05290.00200.41590.01550.05700.00070.01750.0004323.885.4353.111.1357.34.1351.57.0
HS186.8207.8319.11.540.05390.00220.42720.01690.05740.00070.01680.0004368.689.5361.212.1359.84.3337.67.3
), ArticleFig(id=1307086140020908754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1306274195778404443, articleId=1307086129509982827, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Analytical results of trace elements of zircons in tonalite in the Huashigou area

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测点HS01HS02HS03HS05HS06HS07HS08HS09HS10HS11HS12HS13HS14HS15HS16HS17HS18
La0.1790.0250.0544.1601.8550.2111.5560.0220.0040.0183.5500.0171.4170.0090.0190.0190.008
Ce14.76.718.122.317.013.523.514.26.87.448.113.917.87.117.714.210.2
Pr0.1660.0410.1230.9790.5510.1720.4990.0720.0740.1342.4170.0630.4210.0360.0300.0600.181
Nd1.671.0561.424.752.962.13.341.260.8332.7117.820.92.380.8811.360.9163.06
Sm3.172.122.482.742.863.72.92.761.965.5611.352.371.981.0742.321.894.64
Eu0.690.430.470.420.730.630.820.470.430.974.240.360.440.360.580.271.11
Gd18.79.713.410.911.218.715.415.610.528.434.412.710.98.814.211.924.8
Tb7.894.224.774.244.567.45.896.463.8810.929.664.563.773.965.693.758.5
Dy102.551.863.759.763.999.284.584.253.9135.991.967.655.152.382.457.2108.7
Ho42.922.228.025.825.940.437.135.723.854.433.429.323.823.435.423.442.2
Er219.3112.0136.5132.2134.5193.8196.4173.1132.3261.2141.4152.8126.0129.1192.4128.0206.6
Tm49.826.032.132.231.543.844.439.331.056.531.436.030.130.844.128.944.2
Yb523.0289.2330.7347.9348.6458.3502.2412.2333.1539.2332.9394.0313.9337.2494.8316.9470.4
Lu113.362.671.175.674.093.0108.285.174.2108.769.586.270.276.4108.066.094.6
Y14187198708548561228125011278031679108795376880212027931361
Hf9154876910307101301017398151038310775102608727857810209105501019911209108978867
Pb10.27.112.37.75.49.112.316.34.66.73.86.35.24.88.68.06.8
Th286.7215.2373.1216.5192.7260.9361.8472.8140.5203.1108.2193.8156.3139.9262.0234.9207.8
U487.3315.6445.1338.2276.0398.8540.7662.4314.1315.8227.9314.3275.2330.6495.8349.9319.1
Nb4.01.72.42.82.51.94.53.61.62.91.12.92.82.04.52.11.7
Ta1.280.570.9340.9350.8020.7721.4341.1880.7470.8430.5241.1930.9760.9151.6280.9160.653
Ti7.75.93.85.35.54.84.52.42.57.35.24.04.23.34.14.06.4
Th/U0.590.680.840.640.700.650.670.710.450.640.470.620.570.420.530.670.65
∑REE1097.9588.3702.9723.9720.2974.91026.6870.5672.91211.9832.1800.7658.0671.4998.9653.31019.3
LREE19.910.022.234.925.319.731.818.39.715.883.217.224.09.121.417.118.1
HREE1078.1578.3680.6689.0694.9955.2994.9852.2663.21196.1748.9783.5634.0662.3977.5636.21001.2
LREE/HREE0.0180.0170.0330.0510.0360.0210.0320.0210.0150.0130.1110.0220.0380.0140.0220.0270.018
EuN/Eu*N0.2750.2900.2470.2330.3950.2310.3760.2170.2910.2360.6560.2020.2870.3580.3090.1770.317
CeN/Ce*N20.951.354.72.74.117.46.588.5100.936.44.0105.45.697.8179.7103.765.7
(Sm/La) N27.4130.871.51.02.427.22.9198.9820.6468.15.0222.52.2189.1187.2154.1898.4
(Lu/Gd)N49.027.143.056.153.367.156.944.857.231.019.855.044.870.061.637.630.8
tZr-Ti(℃)722.0698.6663.1689.4691.9681.5675.7628.3628.9717.2688.4666.5671.2652.3668.3665.5705.2
△FMQ4.983.935.905.975.515.236.195.874.673.917.235.435.784.485.805.484.55
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化石沟英云闪长岩锆石微量元素分析测试结果(10−6)

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测点HS01HS02HS03HS05HS06HS07HS08HS09HS10HS11HS12HS13HS14HS15HS16HS17HS18
La0.1790.0250.0544.1601.8550.2111.5560.0220.0040.0183.5500.0171.4170.0090.0190.0190.008
Ce14.76.718.122.317.013.523.514.26.87.448.113.917.87.117.714.210.2
Pr0.1660.0410.1230.9790.5510.1720.4990.0720.0740.1342.4170.0630.4210.0360.0300.0600.181
Nd1.671.0561.424.752.962.13.341.260.8332.7117.820.92.380.8811.360.9163.06
Sm3.172.122.482.742.863.72.92.761.965.5611.352.371.981.0742.321.894.64
Eu0.690.430.470.420.730.630.820.470.430.974.240.360.440.360.580.271.11
Gd18.79.713.410.911.218.715.415.610.528.434.412.710.98.814.211.924.8
Tb7.894.224.774.244.567.45.896.463.8810.929.664.563.773.965.693.758.5
Dy102.551.863.759.763.999.284.584.253.9135.991.967.655.152.382.457.2108.7
Ho42.922.228.025.825.940.437.135.723.854.433.429.323.823.435.423.442.2
Er219.3112.0136.5132.2134.5193.8196.4173.1132.3261.2141.4152.8126.0129.1192.4128.0206.6
Tm49.826.032.132.231.543.844.439.331.056.531.436.030.130.844.128.944.2
Yb523.0289.2330.7347.9348.6458.3502.2412.2333.1539.2332.9394.0313.9337.2494.8316.9470.4
Lu113.362.671.175.674.093.0108.285.174.2108.769.586.270.276.4108.066.094.6
Y14187198708548561228125011278031679108795376880212027931361
Hf9154876910307101301017398151038310775102608727857810209105501019911209108978867
Pb10.27.112.37.75.49.112.316.34.66.73.86.35.24.88.68.06.8
Th286.7215.2373.1216.5192.7260.9361.8472.8140.5203.1108.2193.8156.3139.9262.0234.9207.8
U487.3315.6445.1338.2276.0398.8540.7662.4314.1315.8227.9314.3275.2330.6495.8349.9319.1
Nb4.01.72.42.82.51.94.53.61.62.91.12.92.82.04.52.11.7
Ta1.280.570.9340.9350.8020.7721.4341.1880.7470.8430.5241.1930.9760.9151.6280.9160.653
Ti7.75.93.85.35.54.84.52.42.57.35.24.04.23.34.14.06.4
Th/U0.590.680.840.640.700.650.670.710.450.640.470.620.570.420.530.670.65
∑REE1097.9588.3702.9723.9720.2974.91026.6870.5672.91211.9832.1800.7658.0671.4998.9653.31019.3
LREE19.910.022.234.925.319.731.818.39.715.883.217.224.09.121.417.118.1
HREE1078.1578.3680.6689.0694.9955.2994.9852.2663.21196.1748.9783.5634.0662.3977.5636.21001.2
LREE/HREE0.0180.0170.0330.0510.0360.0210.0320.0210.0150.0130.1110.0220.0380.0140.0220.0270.018
EuN/Eu*N0.2750.2900.2470.2330.3950.2310.3760.2170.2910.2360.6560.2020.2870.3580.3090.1770.317
CeN/Ce*N20.951.354.72.74.117.46.588.5100.936.44.0105.45.697.8179.7103.765.7
(Sm/La) N27.4130.871.51.02.427.22.9198.9820.6468.15.0222.52.2189.1187.2154.1898.4
(Lu/Gd)N49.027.143.056.153.367.156.944.857.231.019.855.044.870.061.637.630.8
tZr-Ti(℃)722.0698.6663.1689.4691.9681.5675.7628.3628.9717.2688.4666.5671.2652.3668.3665.5705.2
△FMQ4.983.935.905.975.515.236.195.874.673.917.235.435.784.485.805.484.55
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The chemical composition analysis results for the late Devonian granites from the northern margin of the Qaidam basin

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岩体名称嗷唠河岩体巴嘎柴达木湖岩体大头羊沟岩体化石沟西岩体
岩石名称石英闪长岩花岗岩花岗闪长岩英云闪长岩
SiO255.8351.9570.8663.3564.8667.46
TiO20.950.960.370.520.610.48
Al2O316.2617.8714.3216.5014.6014.30
Fe2O31.811.841.392.392.181.75
FeO4.635.531.422.034.202.85
MnO0.120.140.040.080.090.08
MgO5.905.680.652.044.051.69
CaO7.208.701.454.151.783.41
Na2O3.443.523.403.962.493.52
K2O1.111.315.082.721.862.67
P2O50.200.150.070.230.060.13
LOI1.521.590.841.122.551.18
δ1.622.612.582.190.871.57
AR1.481.442.521.961.732.07
NK4.554.838.486.684.356.19
NCK11.813.59.9310.86.139.60
La26.516.640.149.229.645.5
Ce52.541.884.998.250.376.8
Pr5.845.389.2910.85.768.22
Nd22.923.134.239.320.727.9
Sm4.805.356.996.223.454.45
Eu1.201.351.031.541.271.09
Gd4.745.456.394.833.054.15
Tb0.770.910.980.580.480.72
Dy4.585.615.742.802.463.98
Ho0.921.111.090.500.460.78
Er2.723.363.401.561.352.33
Tm0.380.470.480.200.210.39
Yb2.453.013.101.301.442.36
Lu0.380.440.500.200.230.39
Y26.031.631.814.612.521.8
Ga18.420.118.519.819.217.3
Hf3.903.206.804.004.124.51
Ta0.400.501.060.600.540.97
Rb34.646.519746.867.598.4
Ba2802476751301273628
Th5.623.9223.3010.406.9514.8
Nb8.006.209.338.146.9513.0
Sr3992731221006125199
Zr163118247151145158
Th5.623.9223.310.46.9514.8
U0.920.563.071.290.91.68
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晚泥盆世柴北缘花岗岩化学成分分析结果

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岩体名称嗷唠河岩体巴嘎柴达木湖岩体大头羊沟岩体化石沟西岩体
岩石名称石英闪长岩花岗岩花岗闪长岩英云闪长岩
SiO255.8351.9570.8663.3564.8667.46
TiO20.950.960.370.520.610.48
Al2O316.2617.8714.3216.5014.6014.30
Fe2O31.811.841.392.392.181.75
FeO4.635.531.422.034.202.85
MnO0.120.140.040.080.090.08
MgO5.905.680.652.044.051.69
CaO7.208.701.454.151.783.41
Na2O3.443.523.403.962.493.52
K2O1.111.315.082.721.862.67
P2O50.200.150.070.230.060.13
LOI1.521.590.841.122.551.18
δ1.622.612.582.190.871.57
AR1.481.442.521.961.732.07
NK4.554.838.486.684.356.19
NCK11.813.59.9310.86.139.60
La26.516.640.149.229.645.5
Ce52.541.884.998.250.376.8
Pr5.845.389.2910.85.768.22
Nd22.923.134.239.320.727.9
Sm4.805.356.996.223.454.45
Eu1.201.351.031.541.271.09
Gd4.745.456.394.833.054.15
Tb0.770.910.980.580.480.72
Dy4.585.615.742.802.463.98
Ho0.921.111.090.500.460.78
Er2.723.363.401.561.352.33
Tm0.380.470.480.200.210.39
Yb2.453.013.101.301.442.36
Lu0.380.440.500.200.230.39
Y26.031.631.814.612.521.8
Ga18.420.118.519.819.217.3
Hf3.903.206.804.004.124.51
Ta0.400.501.060.600.540.97
Rb34.646.519746.867.598.4
Ba2802476751301273628
Th5.623.9223.3010.406.9514.8
Nb8.006.209.338.146.9513.0
Sr3992731221006125199
Zr163118247151145158
Th5.623.9223.310.46.9514.8
U0.920.563.071.290.91.68
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柴北缘西段化石沟英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb测年、微量元素特征及其地质意义
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景永康 1, 2 , 张龙 1, 2, 3, * , 刘明 1, 2 , 王元伟 1, 2 , 陈康 1, 2, 4 , 邓楠 1, 2 , 张毅 1, 2, 3 , 吴珺玮 1, 2
西北地质 | 非主题 2026,59(4): 285-298
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西北地质 |非主题 2026 , 59 (4) : 285 -298
柴北缘西段化石沟英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb测年、微量元素特征及其地质意义
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景永康1, 2 , 张龙1, 2, 3, * , 刘明1, 2, 王元伟1, 2, 陈康1, 2, 4, 邓楠1, 2, 张毅1, 2, 3, 吴珺玮1, 2
作者信息
  • 1中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心,陕西 西安 710100
  • 2中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710100
  • 3长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 4大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西 西安 710069
通讯作者:
张龙(1988−),男,工程师,从事矿产地质调查评工作价。E−mail:。
作者简介:

景永康(1986−),男,高级工程师,从事矿产地质调查评价工作。E−mail:

Zircon U-Pb Dating, Trace Elements Characteristics and Geological Significance of Tonalite in the Huashigou Area, Northwestern Margin of Qaidam Basin
Yongkang JING1, 2 , Long ZHANG1, 2, 3, * , Ming LIU1, 2, Yuanwei WANG1, 2, Kang CHEN1, 2, 4, Nan DENG1, 2, Yi ZHANG1, 2, 3, Junwei WU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Technology Innovation Center for Gold Mine Exploration, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Xi’an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China
  • 3School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • 4State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-08-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024097
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笔者以柴北缘全吉地块西段化石沟地区发育的英云闪长岩为研究对象,在详尽的野外观察基础上,对其中的原生锆石开展LA-ICP-MS同位素年代学和原位微区成分分析,探讨该区在泥盆纪这一重要构造转换时期的演化历史。化石沟英云闪长岩中原生锆石CL图像显示,锆石晶体多呈长柱状或不规则状自形–半自形晶,发育清晰的震荡环带;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得加权平均年龄为(371.1±3.5)Ma,谐和年龄为(370.9±1)Ma,Th/U值为0.42~0.83;原位微区成分分析表明其具有明显的Ce正异常,以及强烈的Eu负异常,轻稀土元素普遍亏损而重稀土元素强烈富集;锆石Ti温度计计算得到锆石结晶温度(tZr-Ti)为628~722 ℃,为典型的岩浆成因锆石。在Pb-Th图解中,测点全部落入I型花岗岩锆石区域内,代表了原始岩浆为壳幔混合型岩浆。综合研究认为,推测化石沟英云闪长岩形成于碰撞造山后伸展环境下,代表了地幔物质上涌使地壳物质重熔所导致的岩浆事件。

英云闪长岩  /  锆石  /  U-Pb同位素测年  /  柴北缘

This study focuses on the tonalite in the Huashigou in the western section of the Quanji massif, northwestern margin of the Qaidam basin. Based on detailed field investigations, LA-ICP-MS in-situ isotopic dating and elemental analyses were carried out on the primary zircons to explore the evolutionary history of this area during the important tectonic transition period of the Devonian. The CL images of zircons in Huashigou tonalite show that zircon crystals are mostly columnar or irregularly shaped, euhedral to subhedral grains with clear oscillatory zonations. Zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted average age of 371.1±3.5 Ma, a concordant age of 370.9±1 Ma, and a Th/U ratio of 0.42–0.83. LA-ICP-MS in-situ elemental analysis shows obvious Ce positive anomalies, strong Eu negative anomalies, and relative enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Zircon Ti thermometer calculation reveals zircon crystallization temperatures (tZr-Ti) ranging from 628 to 722 ℃, indicating a typical magmatic origin. In the Pb-Th diagram, all zircon spots fall within the I-type granite zircon field, representing that the original magma is crust-mantle mixed. Based on the above information, it is inferred that Huashigou tonalite was formed in an extensional environment after the collision, representing a magmatic event caused by mantle upwelling and crustal reworking.

tonalite  /  zircon  /  zircon U-Pb isotope dating  /  northwestern margin of Qaidam basin
景永康, 张龙, 刘明, 王元伟, 陈康, 邓楠, 张毅, 吴珺玮. 柴北缘西段化石沟英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb测年、微量元素特征及其地质意义. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (4) : 285 -298 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024097
Yongkang JING, Long ZHANG, Ming LIU, Yuanwei WANG, Kang CHEN, Nan DENG, Yi ZHANG, Junwei WU. Zircon U-Pb Dating, Trace Elements Characteristics and Geological Significance of Tonalite in the Huashigou Area, Northwestern Margin of Qaidam Basin[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (4) : 285 -298 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024097
锆石作为自然界中一种常见的副矿物,广泛分布于沉积岩、岩浆岩和变质岩之中(Andersen, 2005;Gehrels et al., 2011), 其具有很好的矿物稳定性、较高的体系封闭温度,以及高U、Th值和低普通Pb的特点(吴元保等, 2004),使其有能力记录寄主岩石所经历的多期演化历史。因此,锆石U-Pb定年被认为是当前同位素年代学中最常用和最有效的方法之一。而随着微区原位测试技术的不断精进,对锆石其他方面的研究和认识也日渐深入。近年来,已有大量学者利用锆石中的微量元素开展研究,在估算岩浆温度(Watson et al., 1983,2006;Ewing et al., 2013)、识别岩浆演化(El-Bialy et al., 2013)、划分岩石类型(Wang et al., 2012)和判别构造环境(Grimes et al., 2007)等方面取得了大量新认识。李长民(2009)通过对不同成因类型锆石判别标志的系统总结,认为通过锆石阴极发光图像(CL)、背散射图像(BSE)以及微量元素相结合的方法是进行锆石成因鉴定的有效方法。赵志丹等(2018)归纳了青藏高原不同岩石中锆石微量元素的特征与岩浆作用、变质作用等深部过程的规律,为通过锆石微量元素反演和识别岩石成因、构造环境等提供了可靠的依据。
全吉地块(又称欧龙布鲁克地块)位于青藏高原东北缘(郝国杰等, 2004;陆松年等, 2009;王欣等,2024),是塔里木板块、柴达木地块和中–南祁连地块的交汇部位(图1a)。前人依据陆块的沉积作用、岩浆活动、变质作用以及构造变形等特征,提出全吉地块经历了古元古代古陆核形成、中元古代陆内沉降、中元古代—新元古代Rodinia 超大陆汇聚、南华纪—震旦纪Rodinia 超大陆裂解、早古生代陆块俯冲与折返、晚古生代陆内造山阶段和中新生代高原隆升7个演化阶段(郝国杰等, 2004)。其中,泥盆纪是该区由挤压环境转变为拉张环境的重要转换期(郝国杰等, 2004),对这一时期岩浆岩的深入研究,有助于更好的总结区域构造演化历史。前人曾对区内金泉山–化石沟一带的古生代花岗岩开展过相关研究,初步认为该区整体上存在四期古生代岩浆事件(董国强等, 2014)。化石沟铜矿是区内与古生代岩浆事件存在成因联系的一处中型铜矿床,前人围绕矿床地质特征、地球物理特征、地球化学特征等方面开展过一些研究(杨树清, 2009),英云闪长岩侵入体被认为与成矿直接相关。笔者以化石沟英云闪长岩侵入体为研究对象,在详尽的野外调查基础上,开展地质年代学和锆石矿物微区原位成分研究,进一步约束化石沟英云闪长岩岩体的年龄,揭示化石沟英云闪长岩的构造环境,为更好的理解全吉地块古生代构造演化提供新的依据。
研究区大地构造位置属于柴北缘全吉地块西段,北邻北阿尔金俯冲杂岩带,东接祁连地块(胡万龙等, 2016;图1a),是西北重要的大地构造单元衔接部位(李卫红等, 2020)。区内出露地层主要为古元古代达肯大坂岩群、泥盆系牦牛沟组、石炭系羊虎沟组第四纪沉积物,其中古元古代达肯大坂岩群的出露面积约占研究区面积二分之一,主要为一套由(类)复理石沉积建造和碳酸盐台地沉积建造组成的具角闪岩相变质的中深变质岩系(庄玉军等, 2023)。岩石类型以混合岩、片麻岩、变粒岩、片岩、角闪岩、大理岩为主,少量变砂岩;早泥盆纪牦牛山组呈条带状近SN向分布于研究区中部,主要为一套陆相碎屑岩,由含砾粗砂质板岩、泥质粉砂质板岩、泥质粉砂岩和含碳泥质板岩所组成;早石炭纪羊虎沟组分布在化石沟环形构造周边,被闪长岩、石英闪长岩体侵入破坏,呈残留体存在,岩性为白云质大理岩和大理岩。第四纪沉积物主要分布在沟谷和山前冲洪积扇,砾石、砂、黏土及风成黄土覆盖了区内大部分地区。
研究区经历过复杂而强烈的构造活动,断裂构造发育,以逆断层为主,受到阿尔金深大断裂的影响,区内断裂总体呈SN走向,形态上体现为向NEE凸起的弧形,具有多期活动特点。岩层整体变形则体现为早期韧性剪切被后期脆性变形叠加的特点,由于经历较深层次的变形变质,面理置换十分显著,原生层面及早期变形行迹均已无法识别;区内岩浆活动同样强烈,并具多期活动特点,部分侵入岩明显受到构造活动的控制,呈长条状SN向弧形展布。岩石类型以中酸性岩为主,主要为二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和闪长岩,多呈岩株或岩脉状产出。以华力西期侵入体居多,晋宁期、加里东期次之(图2b)。
化石沟英云闪长岩整体受弧形断裂构造的控制,呈岩枝状,长条状沿断裂带侵入到达肯大坂岩群和泥盆系牦牛沟组中,在岩体内部可见有达肯大坂岩群、牦牛沟组捕虏体。岩体北部走向NWW向,南部转为SEE向,南北延伸约15 km,倾角多大于80°,陡倾产出。本次研究样品主要采集于化石沟英云闪长岩岩体南部(图1b),样品编号HS-TW1。英云闪长岩整体蚀变较强,云英岩化、绿泥石化比较发育(图2a、图2b)。岩石风化面呈灰绿色,新鲜面为灰色–浅灰色,糜棱岩化结构、变余半自形粒状结构(图2c、图2d),块状构造。岩石中斜长石含量约为40%~43%,碱性长石含量约为3%~5%,石英含量约为30%~35%,黑云母含量约为5%,绢云母含量为8%~10%,绿泥石含量约为3%,含极少量磷灰石,黝帘石,褐帘石以及含量为1%~3%的金属矿物。其中,斜长石粒径约为0.25~3.30 mm,呈半自形板状,裂纹发育,具聚片双晶,双晶纹多弯曲变形,碱性长石表面泥化,石英粒径约为0.20~0.80 mm,呈他形粒状,集合体呈团块状、条带状,分布于斜长石粒间。显微鳞片状绢云母、鳞片绿泥石、磨细的斜长石、少量细粒半自形晶粒状金属矿物及粉末状铁质充填岩石裂隙呈网脉状。岩石中孔雀石化强烈发育,孔雀石大多呈纤维状集合体(图2e),集合体粒径约为0.05~0.73 mm,与其他金属矿物共生,分布于岩石裂隙中。黄铜矿和黄铁矿(图2f),多呈他形–半自形粒状,稀疏浸染状分布于岩石裂隙中,多被褐铁矿交代。
本次工作的锆石挑选和制靶在北京天和信矿业技术开发有限公司完成。具体过程如下,首先将样品粉碎至80~100目,而后在双目镜下挑选约200粒锆石,后将锆石颗粒用环氧树脂固定制靶,对其进行表面抛光至暴露锆石内部。随后对锆石进行反射光、透射光、阴极发光(CL)图像的拍摄。通过分析锆石图像,选出透明度好、晶形好、无明显裂痕的锆石颗粒作为测试对象。
锆石U-Pb定年及微量原位成分测定在中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室完成,所用激光剥蚀系统为Coherent GeoLas Pro,ICP-MS系统为Agilent 7700x。激光束斑直径选择36 μm,测试过程中采用氦气作载气、氩气为补偿气以调节灵敏度,每个时间分辨分析数据包括约10 s的空白信号、40 s的样品信号和10 s的吹扫信号。U-Pb定年选择91500和GJ-1作为外标,普通铅校正依据实测204Pb进行校正(Andersen, 2002),微量元素含量以NIST610玻璃作为外标、29Si作内标的方法进行定量计算。对样品数据分析和元素含量计算采用软件Glitter完成,U-Th-Pb同位素比值、年龄计算以及谐和图采用ISOplot完成。具体的实验参数及分析技术流程见Li et al.(2023)。
化石沟英云闪长岩样品的锆石晶形较好,多为透明–半透明,呈浑圆状、长柱状或不规则状自形–半自形晶。这些锆石颗粒长度为150~260 μm,宽度为80~110 μm,长宽比为1∶1~1∶2。从锆石CL图像中可以观察到少量锆石发育有残留核,多数锆石内部结构明显,发育清晰的震荡环带(图3a)。选择透明度高、晶形较好、无明显裂痕的18颗锆石进行测试,排除1个无效测点,有效测点共17个。数据点均分布在谐和线上或其附近,说明这些锆石颗粒在形成U-Pb同位素体系封闭性好,锆石U-Pb 年龄在误差范围内一致。定年测试结果显示(表1,图3b),206Pb/238U年龄区间为357.3~383.1 Ma,加权平均年龄为(371.1±3.5)Ma(n=17,MSWD=2.6),206Pb/238U–207Pb/235U谐和年龄为(370.9±1)Ma(n=17,MSWD=2.7),该年龄可能代表了英云闪长岩的结晶侵位时代,即晚泥盆世。
化石沟英云闪长岩锆石微量元素LA-ICP-MS分析数据显示(表2),样品锆石中稀土元素含量较高,∑REE为653.3×10−6~1211.9×10−6,Y含量普遍较高,为718.58×10−6~1679.4×10−6。Ti为2.43×10−6~7.71×10−6,平均为4.75×10−6。LREE含量为9.1×10−6~34.9×10−6,HREE含量为578.3×10−6~1196.1×10−6,LREE/HREE为0.01~0.11,显示锆石中轻稀土元素强烈亏损,重稀土元素强烈富集。锆石球粒陨石标准化(Sun et al., 1989)稀土配分曲线(图3c)也显示为明显的左倾,CeN/Ce∗N为2.7~179.7,显示为明显的Ce正异常,EuN/Eu∗N为0.17~0.65,显示为强烈的Eu负异常。
前人通过分析锆石成因,将锆石分为岩浆型、热液型和变质型,这三类锆石在形态结构和微量元素特征上都有一定的差异(闫义等, 2003)。CL图像是研究锆石内部结构最常用和最有效的方法。岩浆锆石一般为自形–半自形,粒径为20~250 μm(Hoskin et al., 2003),一般具有特征的岩浆振荡环带;热液锆石一般自形程度较低,局部熔蚀状,发育弱环带或无环带;变质锆石一般从他形到非常自形,CL阴极发光图像形态一般显示出微弱的震荡或扇形分区(Zhang et al., 2009;Li et al., 2014; Rubatto, 2017)。此外,不同成因的锆石,其具有明显的Th、U元素含量差异以及不同的Th/U值,因此,Th/U值常被人们用来判别锆石的成因,一般岩浆锆石中Th、U含量明显偏高,Th/U值一般大于0.4,而变质锆石中Th、U含量相对较低,Th/U值一般小于0.1(Rubatto et al., 2000;Möller et al., 2003)。另外,典型的岩浆型锆石中重稀土元素(HREE)明显富集,并具有Ce正异常和Eu负异常(Belousova et al., 2002;赵一鸣等, 2017);热液锆石表现为低Th/U、高U、高REE总量的特征(赵志丹等, 2018);变质锆石表现为LREE含量低,HREE含量显著低于岩浆锆石,HREE具有平坦或者上升坡度较缓的标准化分配曲线图(赵志丹等, 2018)。
化石沟英云闪长岩中的锆石多为自形–半自形,内部结构清晰,发育明显的震荡环带,粒径为110~260 μm,平均大小约为200 μm;锆石中Th、U的含量均比较高,其中Th含量为108.2×10−6~472.7×10−6,平均含量为236.8×10−6,U含量为227.9×10−6~662.4×10−6,平均含量为376.8×10−6,Th/U值为0.42~0.83,平均为0.61,均大于0.4;且具有明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常;锆石中轻稀土元素强烈亏损,重稀土元素强烈富集,这些特征均指示样品中的锆石为典型岩浆锆石。
然而,仅利用锆石Th/U值及REE配分特征来判定锆石成因类型时需谨慎,还应综合锆石其他地球化学指标(赵振华, 2010)。目前,常用Eu/Eu*–REE图解用来进一步区分开岩浆锆石和热液锆石(Hoskin et al., 2003;Li et al., 2018)。本次研究中的锆石样品在EuN/Eu∗N–REE(图4a)图解中,均落入到岩浆锆石区域内。此外,锆石的结晶温度也常被用来区分岩浆型(高于600 ℃)和热液型(低于500 ℃)(Fu et al., 2009),锆石微量元素的分配系数遵循Nernst定律(Watson et al., 2006),锆石Ti温度计受岩体TiO2(αTiO2)和SiO2(αSiO2)的活度影响(Watson et al., 2005)。当岩浆中有石英存在时,αSiO2=1(Watson et al., 2005),硅酸盐熔体在典型岩浆结晶温度范围内时,αTiO2≈0.6 (Hayden et al., 2007;Wark et al., 2007),故文中样品的岩浆中SiO2和TiO2的活度可分别视为αSiO2=1和αTiO2≈0.6。因此,根据锆石的Ti温度计计算公式(1)可计算获得锆石的结晶温度(Watson et al., 2006;Ferry et al., 2007;Moecher et al., 2014)。
$ \mathrm{T}_{ \text{Zr-Ti}} \mathrm{=[(4\;800 \pm 86)/(5.711 \pm 0.072)-lg(Ti)]-273.15} $
锆石Ti温度计计算结晶温度(tZr -Ti)与Th/U值关系图(图4b)中可以看出,化石沟英云闪长岩的样品中锆石Ti的含量为2.43×10−6~7.71×10−6,对应的锆石结晶温度为628~722 ℃,锆石的结晶温度均大于600 ℃,同样指示了样品锆石可能为岩浆锆石。综上所述,化石沟英云闪长岩样品中的锆石应为岩浆成因。
锆石微量元素以及同位素成分是其结晶环境的重要探针,也是反演岩石成因乃至地球动力学背景的重要手段(Kemp et al., 2010;Reimink et al., 2014),近年得到广泛的应用(赵志丹等, 2018)。锆石的结晶过程伴随着与之平衡的整个岩浆体系的演化过程,能够很好地记录岩浆源区性质、岩石类型和成因。对锆石中微量元素Ti、Hf、Y、Nb、Ta、Th和U以及稀土元素的含量进行分析,可以较好地进行解释锆石的岩浆构造环境(Nardi et al., 2013;Li et al., 2014;Wu et al., 2016)。例如,利用Hf–U/Yb和Y–Th/Yb图解可以明显区分出锆石是陆壳成因锆石还是洋壳成因锆石,从而有效判断锆石是从陆壳环境还是洋壳环境中结晶分异而成(Grimes et al., 2007, 2009)。化石沟英云闪长岩样品中的锆石在Hf–U/Yb(图5a)图解和Y–Th/Yb(图5b)图解(Grimes et al., 2007)中,所有测点均落在陆壳成因范围内。
前人研究表明,早古生代柴达木陆块向全吉地块由南向北完成了俯冲(王惠初等, 2003,郝国杰等,2004),晚古生代板块俯冲结束后,各地块之间的位置调整等活动引发的岩浆作用,导致全吉地块在泥盆纪经历了复杂的岩浆活动(胡万龙等, 2016)。柴北缘泥盆纪的花岗岩主要有两期(彭璇等, 2022),第一期年轻集中在408~397 Ma,为经历超高压变质作用的板块折返产生部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆,第二期年龄375~372 Ma,为超高压变质作用的块体折返后通过拉伸、滑塌、伸展重新调整引起部分熔融形成的岩浆岩(任军虎, 2010)。前人在嗷唠河地区一带获得的石英闪长岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为(372.1±2.6)Ma (吴才来等, 2008);大柴旦巴嘎柴达木湖地区发现了花岗岩性质的侵入体,其锆石U-Pb年龄为(374.5±1.6)Ma(吴才来等, 2007);大头羊沟一带发现了锆石U-Pb年龄为(372±2.1)Ma(吴才来等, 2007)的花岗岩侵入体;同时,在化石沟西侧也发现了(366±2)Ma的岩浆侵入事件(董国强等, 2014)。本次获得的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(370.9±1)Ma,表明化石沟英云闪长岩是与区域上泥盆纪第二期岩浆作用同期的岩浆岩。
从研究区晚泥盆世中酸性侵入体化学成分表(表3)可以看出,SiO2的含量为51.95%~70.86%;全碱含量为4.35%~8.48%,里特曼指数(δ)为0.87~2.61,AR–SiO2碱度率图解(图6c)中,所有样品均落入钙碱性系列范围内;Al2O3的含量为14.30%~17.87%,高于Na2O+K2O+CaO(9.60%~13.53%)的含量,均属铝过饱和系列。从微量元素蛛网图(图6b)可以看出,所有样品微量元素含量均高于原始地幔,Rb、Ba、Th、K等大离子亲石元素强烈富集,Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素相对亏损,在Y+Nb–Rb花岗岩构造环境判别图解(图6d)中,所有样品均落入到火山弧花岗岩范围内。一般情况下,板块内部的岩石相比弧环境中的岩石更加贫Nb(Sun et al., 1989),板内环境形成的锆石相对弧环境下形成的锆石,具有较高的Nb/Hf值(Hawkesworth et al., 2006;Yang et al., 2012)。样品中的锆石的Nb/Hf值均比较小,介于0.0001~0.0004,也暗示化石沟英云闪长岩形成于火山弧环境。所有样品稀土元素总量为133.25×10−6~231.83×10−6,轻稀土总量为93.58×10−6~205.26×10−6,重稀土总量为22.18×10−6~53.48×10−6,轻重稀土比值介于1.80~7.73,从岩石稀土元素标准化配分曲线(图6a)可以看出,总体呈轻稀土富集,重稀土元素平坦型。除大头羊沟花岗闪长岩样品δEu为1.17,呈弱正异常,其余样品均介于0.46~0.83,呈负异常。研究表明,由于地幔岩石氧逸度较低,δCe往往大于1,而在氧逸度较高的地壳环境时,Ce元素容易与其他元素分离而出现亏损,δCe则小于1(董国强等, 2014)。分析结果显示,晚泥盆世研究区样品δCe介于0.89~1.08,而在Pb–Th(图5c)图解中,锆石中Pb的含量为3.79×10−6~10.17×10−6,Th的含量为108.24×10−6~472.78×10−6,样品中锆石测点全部落入I型花岗岩锆石区域内,锆石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图(图3c)也与I型花岗岩锆石(Wang et al., 2012)的配分曲线比较一致,均指示了原始岩浆为壳幔混合型岩浆。
综上所述,化石沟英云闪长岩样品中的锆石为陆壳熔融成因。锆石微量元素特征进一步印证了化石沟英云闪长岩与区域内该时期大量发育的中酸性岩浆岩具有相似的特征。早古生代柴达木陆块俯冲至全吉地块之下,全吉地块与柴达木陆块逐渐拼合成一个整体,泥盆纪处于稳定发展阶段,整体为拉张状态(郝国杰等, 2004),在晚泥盆世,超高压变质带俯冲折返后,造山带块体之间均衡调整,不同块体的岩石部分熔融形成了不同类型的花岗岩(潘美慧等, 2014)。区内泥盆纪为一套粗碎屑岩,是造山后快速隆起,风化剥蚀、快速堆积而形成的,表明晚泥盆世该区碰撞造山已经结束,处于伸展阶段,形成了众多的构造裂隙,古老花岗质地壳由于高温流场的影响,下部发生部分熔融,沿构造裂隙侵位而形成英云闪长岩。
(1)化石沟英云闪长岩中的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(371.1±3.5)Ma,谐和年龄为(370.9±1)Ma,说明英云闪长岩的结晶侵位时代为晚泥盆世。
(2)化石沟英云闪长岩中锆石Th/U值为0.42~0.83,具有明显的Ce正异常,以及强烈的Eu负异常,锆石结晶温度(tZr -Ti)为628~722 ℃,为典型的岩浆锆石。
(3)锆石微量元素特征显示,化石沟英云闪长岩具有I型花岗岩特征,暗示其原始岩浆为壳幔混合型,可能形成于碰撞造山后伸展环境,由古老地壳物质重熔而成。

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2026年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2024097
  • 接收时间:2023-06-13
  • 首发时间:2026-09-16
  • 出版时间:2026-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-13
  • 修回日期:2024-11-06
  • 录用日期:2024-11-06
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    1中国地质调查局金矿勘查技术创新中心,陕西 西安 710100
    2中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西 西安 710100
    3长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
    4大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西 西安 710069

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张龙(1988−),男,工程师,从事矿产地质调查评工作价。E−mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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