Article(id=1251505542196310129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, issueId=1251505536634667461, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730736000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776311773107, onlineDateStr=2026-04-16, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776311773107, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776311773107, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776311773107, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251505536634667461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, year='2025', volume='30', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776311771782, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776311824541, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251505758014226723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, issueId=1251505536634667461, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251505758014226724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, issueId=1251505536634667461, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=104, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251505542422802555, articleId=1251505542196310129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, language=EN, title=An X-ray weld defect detection method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To address the issues of missed detection and low detection accuracy in X-ray weld defect detection,an improved YOLOv8-based detection method is proposed.Firstly,the efficient multi-scale attention(EMA)mechanism is improved by replacing the 3×3 convolutional kernel with a 5×5 kernel to expand the receptive field,and replacing the average pooling with the multi-scale pooling to extract multi-scale features.The improved EMA module is embedded into the backbone network to enhance the model's ability to detect defects at various scales.Then the spatial pyramid pooling fast module is improved by introducing adaptive average pooling and max pooling layers,to improve the perception of weld edge information.Finally,in the neck part,Dual convolution is used to replace traditional convolution,to reduce the parameter number of the model.The WIoU(wise intersection over union)loss function is adopted to replace the CIoU(complete intersection over union)loss function to improve the convergence speed of the model. Experimental results show that,compared to YOLOv8n,the proposed algorithm reduces the number of parameters by 4.02%and increases the mean average precision by 5.9%,which is well-suited for X-ray weld defect detection tasks.
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针对X射线焊缝缺陷检测中存在的漏检、检测精度低等问题,提出一种X射线焊缝缺陷检测方法。首先,将高效多尺度注意力(Efficient Multi-scale Attention,EMA)模块中3×3卷积核替换为5×5卷积核,以扩大感受野,同时将平均池化改为多尺度池化,以提取多尺度特征。将改进后的EMA模块嵌入主干网络,增强多尺度缺陷检测能力。然后,引入自适应平均池化层和最大池化层,改进空间金字塔池化模块,提升对焊缝边缘信息的感知能力。最后,在颈部采用Dual卷积替代传统卷积,降低模型参数量,并使用WIoU(Wise Intersection over Union)损失函数替代CIoU(Complete Intersection over Union)损失函数,提高模型的收敛速度。实验结果表明,与YOLOv8n相比,所提方法的参数量降低了4.02%,平均精度均值提升了5.9%,可适用于X射线焊缝缺陷检测任务。
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王曙燕(1964-),女,河南南阳人,博士,西安邮电大学教授,主要研究方向为智能信息处理、大数据分析、软件测试。E-mail: wsylxj@126.com |
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秦梦媛(1997-),女,山西吕梁人,西安邮电大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为焊缝缺陷检测技术。E-mail: 945647006@qq.com
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王曙燕(1964-),女,河南南阳人,博士,西安邮电大学教授,主要研究方向为智能信息处理、大数据分析、软件测试。E-mail: wsylxj@126.com
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1.西安邮电大学计算机学院,陕西西安 710121)]), AuthorCompany(id=1251505547980255621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251505547988644230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, companyId=1251505547980255621, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Software Technology,Xi'an 710121,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251505547992838535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, companyId=1251505547980255621, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.智能软件技术陕西省高等学校重点实验室,陕西西安 710121)]), AuthorCompany(id=1251505548076724621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251505548085113230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, companyId=1251505548076724621, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.Kaifeng Dier Air Separation Industrial Co.,LTD,Kaifeng 475000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251505548089307535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, companyId=1251505548076724621, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.开封迪尔空分实业有限公司,河南开封 475000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1251505550345843208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kVoUwj/R9a2x21KxzLBZZg==, figureFileBig=g82n7MyIU9CM3K3hcumngw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251505550421340684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
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| 模块 | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLPs | FPS |
|---|
| EMA | 77.8 | 3.01 | 8.2 | 145.1 |
| EMA_Mul | 78.8 | 3.01 | 8.2 | 146.6 |
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EMA模块对比实验结果
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| 模块 | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLPs | FPS |
|---|
| EMA | 77.8 | 3.01 | 8.2 | 145.1 |
| EMA_Mul | 78.8 | 3.01 | 8.2 | 146.6 |
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| 模块 | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLPs | FPS |
|---|
| SPPF | 75.6 | 3.01 | 8.1 | 187.5 |
| SimSPPF | 77.1 | 3.01 | 8.1 | 246.4 |
| SimSPPF_Avg | 81.5 | 3.07 | 8.3 | 172.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251505552866620023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
SPPF模块对比实验结果
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| 模块 | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLPs | FPS |
|---|
| SPPF | 75.6 | 3.01 | 8.1 | 187.5 |
| SimSPPF | 77.1 | 3.01 | 8.1 | 246.4 |
| SimSPPF_Avg | 81.5 | 3.07 | 8.3 | 172.7 |
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| 实验 | EMA_Mul | SimSPPF_Avg | C2f_Dual | WIoU | 精确率/% | 召回率/% | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLOPs | FPS |
|---|
| 1 | | | | | 78.2 | 73.7 | 75.6 | 3.01 | 8.1 | 187.5 |
| 2 | √ | | | | 79.6 | 76.9 | 78.8 | 3.01 | 8.2 | 146.6 |
| 3 | √ | √ | | | 79.9 | 78.6 | 80.5 | 3.07 | 8.4 | 146.7 |
| 4 | √ | √ | √ | | 78.6 | 77.6 | 80.3 | 2.89 | 7.9 | 132.6 |
| 5 | √ | √ | √ | √ | 83.5 | 75.8 | 81.5 | 2.89 | 7.9 | 135.4 |
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消融实验结果
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| 实验 | EMA_Mul | SimSPPF_Avg | C2f_Dual | WIoU | 精确率/% | 召回率/% | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLOPs | FPS |
|---|
| 1 | | | | | 78.2 | 73.7 | 75.6 | 3.01 | 8.1 | 187.5 |
| 2 | √ | | | | 79.6 | 76.9 | 78.8 | 3.01 | 8.2 | 146.6 |
| 3 | √ | √ | | | 79.9 | 78.6 | 80.5 | 3.07 | 8.4 | 146.7 |
| 4 | √ | √ | √ | | 78.6 | 77.6 | 80.3 | 2.89 | 7.9 | 132.6 |
| 5 | √ | √ | √ | √ | 83.5 | 75.8 | 81.5 | 2.89 | 7.9 | 135.4 |
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| 缺陷种类 | YOLOv8n | 改进方法 |
|---|
| 裂纹 | 68.3 | 78.8 |
| 未熔合/未焊透 | 78.4 | 81.8 |
| 气孔 | 67.5 | 75.5 |
| 夹渣 | 88.3 | 89.7 |
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改进前后各类缺陷的mAP@0.5/%
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| 缺陷种类 | YOLOv8n | 改进方法 |
|---|
| 裂纹 | 68.3 | 78.8 |
| 未熔合/未焊透 | 78.4 | 81.8 |
| 气孔 | 67.5 | 75.5 |
| 夹渣 | 88.3 | 89.7 |
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| 方法 | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLOPs | FPS |
|---|
| Faster R-CNN | 72.3 | 136.80 | 401.8 | 57.4 |
| RetinaNet | 80.8 | 36.40 | 147.0 | 85.3 |
| YOLOv5n | 77.2 | 2.50 | 7.1 | 173.9 |
| YOLOv8n | 75.6 | 3.00 | 8.1 | 187.5 |
| YOLOv9 | 76.2 | 60.90 | 266.2 | 228.8 |
| YOLOv11n | 80.1 | 2.60 | 6.4 | 165.5 |
| 所提方法 | 81.5 | 2.89 | 7.9 | 135.4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251505553424462483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505542196310129, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同方法的对比实验结果
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| 方法 | mAP@0.5/% | 模型参数量/M | GFLOPs | FPS |
|---|
| Faster R-CNN | 72.3 | 136.80 | 401.8 | 57.4 |
| RetinaNet | 80.8 | 36.40 | 147.0 | 85.3 |
| YOLOv5n | 77.2 | 2.50 | 7.1 | 173.9 |
| YOLOv8n | 75.6 | 3.00 | 8.1 | 187.5 |
| YOLOv9 | 76.2 | 60.90 | 266.2 | 228.8 |
| YOLOv11n | 80.1 | 2.60 | 6.4 | 165.5 |
| 所提方法 | 81.5 | 2.89 | 7.9 | 135.4 |
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