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Wake-up receiver(WuRX)is a critical module for achieving low-power wireless sensor networks.Classical wake-up receivers which adopts envelope detection(ED)as the first stage,suffer from low sensitivity.To address this issue,the traditional single-ended ED in WuRX is extended to a single-ended-to-pseudo-differential topology,thereby improving the conversion gain and output signal-to-noise ratio of the ED.Additionally,the baseband circuit adopts a low-power fully differential structure,which enhances its ability to suppress common-mode noise,and ultimately improves the sensitivity of the WuRX.Furthermore,this design employs a collaborative approach for the internal current source and clock generation circuit,which reduces current consumption through shared paths.The chip is designed using a 65nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)process,with a carrier frequency of 109MHz and a data rate of 33.3bps.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed WuRX achieves a sensitivity of-80dBm under conditions of a false alarm rate below 1 per hour,and a miss detection rate below 0.1%;moreover,the WuRX operates with an overall power consumption of only 5.9nW at a supply voltage of 0.4V.Compared to classical WuRX designs,this work achieves higher sensitivity while maintaining low power consumption.

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唤醒接收机(Wake-up Receiver,WuRX)是实现低功耗无线传感网络的关键模块之一。经典的以包络检波器(Envelop Detector,ED)为第一级的直接解调唤醒接收机,存在灵敏度较低的问题。为改善该问题,将WuRX中传统的单端ED拓展为单端转差分伪巴伦拓扑结构,提高ED的转换增益和输出信噪比;同时,基带电路采用低功耗全差分结构,提高对共模噪声的抑制能力,最终改善WuRX的灵敏度。此外,对内部电流源与时钟产生电路采取协同设计,通过共用支路降低了电流消耗。芯片基于65nm互补金属-氧化物-半导体工艺设计,载波频率为109MHz、数据率为33.3bps。仿真表明,设计的WuRX在漏检率小于0.1%和误报率小于1/hr的条件下,灵敏度达到-80dBm;与此同时,在0.4V低电源电压下,设计的WuRX整体功耗仅为5.9nW。与经典WuRX设计相比,本设计在保持较低功耗的情况下实现了较高的灵敏度。

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黄东(1988-),男,四川内江人,博士,西安邮电大学讲师,主要研究方向为无线通信射频收发机、模拟数字转换电路(AD/DA)、DC-DC电源设计等。E-mail:

马鹏光(2001-),男,陕西咸阳人,西安邮电大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为模拟集成电路设计。E-mail:

丁悦(2001-),女,陕西咸阳人,西安邮电大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为模拟集成电路设计。E-mail:

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黄东(1988-),男,四川内江人,博士,西安邮电大学讲师,主要研究方向为无线通信射频收发机、模拟数字转换电路(AD/DA)、DC-DC电源设计等。E-mail:

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Vbulk/V000/100m
T/℃-202780
工艺角ffttss
kED/V-1224198182
tr/ms0.572.356.5/3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1251505553273467534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505539872665649, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同工艺角和温度下的ED仿真结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Vbulk/V000/100m
T/℃-202780
工艺角ffttss
kED/V-1224198182
tr/ms0.572.356.5/3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1251505553369936528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505539872665649, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计工艺/nm电源电压/V载波频率/MHz数据速率/bps唤醒延迟/ms灵敏度/dBm功耗/nWFoM*/dB
文献[7]901.2868.0500.0-5413.4116.2
文献[8]**650.4433.0100.080.00-72115.7121.4
文献[19]1800.4113.5300.053.28-694.5134.8
文献[20]1800.5433.0100.080.00-652.5131.0
本设计**650.4109.033.3180.00-805.9139.6
), ArticleFig(id=1251505553487377046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505539872665649, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同WuRX性能比较结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计工艺/nm电源电压/V载波频率/MHz数据速率/bps唤醒延迟/ms灵敏度/dBm功耗/nWFoM*/dB
文献[7]901.2868.0500.0-5413.4116.2
文献[8]**650.4433.0100.080.00-72115.7121.4
文献[19]1800.4113.5300.053.28-694.5134.8
文献[20]1800.5433.0100.080.00-652.5131.0
本设计**650.4109.033.3180.00-805.9139.6
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一种超低功耗高灵敏度唤醒接收机设计
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黄东 , 马鹏光 , 张家梁 , 丁悦 , 冯臻夫
西安邮电大学学报 | 通信与电子 2025,30(6): 49-58
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西安邮电大学学报 | 通信与电子 2025, 30(6): 49-58
一种超低功耗高灵敏度唤醒接收机设计
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黄东 , 马鹏光 , 张家梁, 丁悦 , 冯臻夫
作者信息
  • 西安邮电大学电子工程学院,陕西西安 710121
  • 黄东(1988-),男,四川内江人,博士,西安邮电大学讲师,主要研究方向为无线通信射频收发机、模拟数字转换电路(AD/DA)、DC-DC电源设计等。E-mail:

    马鹏光(2001-),男,陕西咸阳人,西安邮电大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为模拟集成电路设计。E-mail:

    丁悦(2001-),女,陕西咸阳人,西安邮电大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为模拟集成电路设计。E-mail:

Design of an ultra-low power and high-sensitivity wake-up receiver
Dong HUANG , Pengguang MA , Jialiang ZHANG, Yue DING , Zhenfu FENG
Affiliations
  • School of Electronic Engineering,Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications,Xi'an 710121,China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.006
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唤醒接收机(Wake-up Receiver,WuRX)是实现低功耗无线传感网络的关键模块之一。经典的以包络检波器(Envelop Detector,ED)为第一级的直接解调唤醒接收机,存在灵敏度较低的问题。为改善该问题,将WuRX中传统的单端ED拓展为单端转差分伪巴伦拓扑结构,提高ED的转换增益和输出信噪比;同时,基带电路采用低功耗全差分结构,提高对共模噪声的抑制能力,最终改善WuRX的灵敏度。此外,对内部电流源与时钟产生电路采取协同设计,通过共用支路降低了电流消耗。芯片基于65nm互补金属-氧化物-半导体工艺设计,载波频率为109MHz、数据率为33.3bps。仿真表明,设计的WuRX在漏检率小于0.1%和误报率小于1/hr的条件下,灵敏度达到-80dBm;与此同时,在0.4V低电源电压下,设计的WuRX整体功耗仅为5.9nW。与经典WuRX设计相比,本设计在保持较低功耗的情况下实现了较高的灵敏度。

唤醒接收机  /  包络检波器  /  信噪比  /  低功耗  /  灵敏度

Wake-up receiver(WuRX)is a critical module for achieving low-power wireless sensor networks.Classical wake-up receivers which adopts envelope detection(ED)as the first stage,suffer from low sensitivity.To address this issue,the traditional single-ended ED in WuRX is extended to a single-ended-to-pseudo-differential topology,thereby improving the conversion gain and output signal-to-noise ratio of the ED.Additionally,the baseband circuit adopts a low-power fully differential structure,which enhances its ability to suppress common-mode noise,and ultimately improves the sensitivity of the WuRX.Furthermore,this design employs a collaborative approach for the internal current source and clock generation circuit,which reduces current consumption through shared paths.The chip is designed using a 65nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)process,with a carrier frequency of 109MHz and a data rate of 33.3bps.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed WuRX achieves a sensitivity of-80dBm under conditions of a false alarm rate below 1 per hour,and a miss detection rate below 0.1%;moreover,the WuRX operates with an overall power consumption of only 5.9nW at a supply voltage of 0.4V.Compared to classical WuRX designs,this work achieves higher sensitivity while maintaining low power consumption.

wake-up receiver  /  envelope detector  /  signal-to-noise ratio  /  low power  /  sensitivity
黄东, 马鹏光, 张家梁, 丁悦, 冯臻夫. 一种超低功耗高灵敏度唤醒接收机设计. 西安邮电大学学报, 2025 , 30 (6) : 49 -58 . DOI: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.006
Dong HUANG, Pengguang MA, Jialiang ZHANG, Yue DING, Zhenfu FENG. Design of an ultra-low power and high-sensitivity wake-up receiver[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2025 , 30 (6) : 49 -58 . DOI: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.006
无线传感网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是实现无处不在、无时不在、万物互联的泛在网络的关键组成部分[1],其中组成传感网络的传感器节点将达到数十亿级规模[2]。对于如此数量的传感器,只可能部分采用有线供电,而采用电池供电将不可避免带来极大的人力成本负担和大量废旧电池导致的环境问题[3]。因此,减少传感器节点的能耗,降低电池更换频率,是缓解上述问题的重要途经之一。由于大部分传感器具有间歇性、偶发性的工作特点,为此学术界提出了一种利用唤醒接收机(Wake up Receiver,WuRX)实现传感节点整体低功耗运行的方案,即将节点的接收机功能分为主接收机和一个始终开启的WuRX[4],WuRX只有在接收到预定的唤醒码后,才会唤醒高性能高功耗的主接收机,进行数据通信,一旦通信完成即刻关掉耗电的主接收机。因为WuRX始终开启,其功耗占节点休眠时系统功耗的主要部分[5],所以应尽可能低,通常需要低至主接收机功耗的千分之一[6]
然而,WuRX功耗的大幅降低通常是以降低灵敏度为代价的。例如,文献[7]提出了一种采用二进制开关键控(On-Off Key,OOK)调制的纳瓦级WuRX,整体电路采用单端结构,在1.2V电源下功耗只有13.4nW,但是其在漏检率(Missed Detection Rate,MDR)小于0.1%和误报率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)小于1/hr的情况下灵敏度仅有-54dBm。灵敏度的降低虽然换来了低功耗,但也限制了网络的覆盖范围。文献[8]提出的一种面向物联网通信的WuRX,灵敏度达到了较好的-72dBm,但功耗也达到了115.7nW,其中基带功耗占系统功耗的80%。此外,上述WuRX的时钟大多使用片外晶振或环形振荡器实现。片外晶振虽然能提供稳定的参考频率,但是体积太大降低了系统集成度[9];而环振虽然具有功耗和面积方面的优势,但是其输出频率的鲁棒性较差[10-11]
针对WuRX灵敏度较低和系统鲁棒性的问题,拟提出一种面向低吞吐量物联网应用的超低功耗高灵敏度的WuRX设计。首先,选择OOK调制方式和以包络检波器(Envelop Detector,ED)为第一级的直接解调式架构,去除了功耗较高的前端低噪声放大器以降低系统功耗。然后,将传统的单端包络检波器改进为无源伪巴伦可调体偏置包络检波器结构,来提升转换增益和输出信噪比。此外,基带电路整体上采用全差分低压结构以抑制共模噪声,通过低功耗松弛振荡器来提供系统所需的时钟。
经典的直接解调WuRX系统结构示意图如图1所示,输入的射频OOK信号通过匹配网络放大并被滤波,再通过一个低噪声放大器进行放大[12],放大后的射频信号被送入ED进行检波并提取出OOK信号的包络。
ED可以是无源或有源的,用于解调信号;无源ED具有零功耗和良好的噪声性能[13],但其转换增益取决于级联级数、输入阻抗和无源ED增益;有源ED采用共栅极或共源极架构可以实现更高的转换增益,但需以功耗和闪烁噪声为代价[14]。由于ED具有结构简单和功耗较低的特性,因而被广泛用于WuRX中进行信号下变频操作。
在ED之后的基带电路由基带放大器、比较器和一些数字逻辑(数字相关器)组成。
由于经典WuRX是单端结构,电源噪声和共模噪声会叠加到信号上,导致信噪比降低[15],进而恶化接收机灵敏度。
采用ED解调的WuRX,其灵敏度主要受到3种噪声的限制[16]
第一种为基带噪声,主要包括ED的噪声和基带放大器及滤波器的噪声。受基带噪声限制的灵敏度可表示为
式中:PSD0为基带噪声功率谱密度;RBW,BB为基带带宽;RSN,m为解调所需最小信噪比;FBB为基带噪声系数;kED为ED的转换增益;AV为阻抗匹配网络增益;RS为天线阻抗(一般为50Ω)。
假设基带噪声主要是白热噪声,则Psen成正比。基带噪声通常在射频增益不足的情况下占主导地位[17-21]
第二种为卷积噪声。对于在ED前具有足够射频增益的设计,噪声主要由前级射频电路决定,而后面的基带电路噪声被射频增益抑制,处于次要地位。如果前置ED射频滤波器带宽RBW,FE较小,则射频频率处信号与噪声之间的卷积将占据整体噪声的主导地位。此时,灵敏度为
式中:kB为玻尔兹曼常数;T为绝对温度;FFE是ED前的噪声系数。由式(2)可得对于以卷积噪声为主的设计,PsenRBW,BB成正比[22-24]
第三种为自混合噪声,其与卷积噪声的区别在于,此种噪声占主导的情况主要出现在前置ED射频滤波器带宽RBW,FE较大的情况下,此时,灵敏度为
对于直接解调架构的WuRX,由于在ED之前只有匹配网络提供的无源电压增益,导致其射频增益不足[25-26],所以其灵敏度主要由基带噪声决定,如式(1)所示。因此,为了提高WuRX的灵敏度,就需要提高匹配网络的无源增益、提高ED的转换增益以及降低基带噪声。基于此分析,在经典结构的基础上提出了图2所示的改进结构,一方面将传统单端ED改进为伪巴伦差分结构,提升了其转换增益;另一方面采用全差分基带电路,提高基带的共模噪声抑制能力。
射频前端包括匹配网络以及包络检波器。由于直接解调结构去掉了高功耗的射频增益模块,所以需要高Q值射频匹配网络提供高电压增益,以获得最佳灵敏度。设计的阻抗匹配网络如图3所示,采用了π型结构。
假设射频信号频率为ωRF,且感值为Lind≈ 1/(FCp2)的电感具有远高于ωRF的自谐振频率,则匹配网络在ωRF处的增益为
式中:Qind为电感的品质因子;RS为信号源阻抗;Rin,ED为ED的输入电阻。
从上一节对WuRX灵敏度的分析可得,ED的转换增益限制着WuRX的灵敏度,并且传统的单端ED不具备任何可调性,这就要求比较器采用可调参考电路。为了解决这些问题提出了一种基于多级迪克森电荷泵的单端转差分体偏置可调的无源伪巴伦ED,如图4所示。其中,Vin,rf来自匹配网络,VCM为ED的输入参考电压。其设计思路是将传统检测正包络的单端无源ED反向,得到检测射频输入信号的负包络,再将检测正、负包络的两个ED模块并联耦合,就实现了提出的伪巴伦无源ED结构。图4中的MOS管均采用深N阱结构,它们的衬底均连接到可调电压Vbulk,这可用于校正工艺变化带来的性能偏差。
设计的N级ED转换增益kED
式中:CC为耦合电容;CD为二极管连接MOS管的等效电容;μD为开路电压灵敏度。如果CC远大于CD,则转换增益kED可简化为
提出的ED其输出噪声可表示为
综上所述,其输出信噪比RSN,DIF_ED可表示为
该结构相较于传统单端ED,在保持输出带宽不变的前提下,实现了输入信号电平相同情况下转换增益和输出信噪比的双倍提升。
由式(1)可知,对于本设计的WuRX,需要将基带放大器的噪声尽量降低以提高接收机灵敏度。提出的基带放大器电路结构示意图如图5所示,采用基于反相器结构的电流复用自偏置全差分结构。同时,为保证不降低前级ED的增益,基带放大器还必须提供较高的输入阻抗。因为无源ED不消耗电源能量,因此可将大部分功耗预算分配给基带放大器,以最大限度地降低其噪声。
图5中的Vbp为尾电流管偏置电压,A和B之间是用于给放大器输入管提供自偏置的伪电阻器。输入和输出均采用交流耦合,以消除直流偏移、减小1/f噪声的传递。由于采用电流复用结构,所以该放大器的跨导为
式中:gmPgmN分别为PMOS和NMOS的跨导。在亚阈值区,PMOS和NMOS的跨导几乎相等,均为
式中:η为亚阈值斜率系数;VT为热电压。
进一步可计算得到基带放大器的增益为
式中:roNroP分别为NMOS和PMOS的小信号输出电阻。
输入参考噪声可表示为
式中:γ为器件的沟道热噪声电流系数;ROUT为基带放大器输出阻抗。从其输出噪声公式和亚阈值区MOS管的跨导和电流关系可以看出基带放大器输出噪声与偏置电流成反比。
基带放大器的输出由比较器进行数字化处理。为了增强比较器在低电源电压下工作的鲁棒性,设计了一种两级双尾动态比较器,将电源到地的MOS管堆叠减少到3个,具体电路结构示意图如图6所示。比较器采用一个gmC积分器作为前置放大器,然后是一个再生锁存器。具体步骤为:当CLK变为高电平后,由输入决定的电流在电容CF上积分,直到电压跨过锁存器阈值电压Vth,然后正反馈锁存器再生,产生互补轨至轨输出。比较完成之后,两级动态比较器由时钟的另一相位复位。
数字相关器接收到经比较器解调的码书后,其核心任务是将这些码书与参考码本进行匹配,从而决定是否产生唤醒使能信号。相关器采用了6倍的过采样率对输入信号进行采样处理,这种方法能在节能的同时有效地解决信号相位不同步所带来的问题。
图7给出了本设计的36位数字相关器,其中预设的唤醒码长度为6位,采用6倍过采样,因此该电路共需要36个上升沿D触发器来构成输入移位链路。其工作原理是检测输入信号与唤醒参考码书之间的汉明距离,如果汉明距离超过预设的唤醒阈值,则使能唤醒信号。汉明距离的计算由异或门和多个加法器来实现。异或门计算移位后的输入码书与参考码书之间不同码元的个数,加法器则将异或门的输出进行累加。数字比较器将加法器累加的结果与相关器的阈值进行比较,并决定是否输出唤醒信号。
设计的超低功耗松弛振荡器电路如图8所示,由启动电路、与电源无关的电流源、电流模比较器和缓冲电路以及倍压电路组成。MOS管M1~M12全部工作在亚阈值区域,M7的宽长比是M5K倍。
从亚阈值区MOS管的I-V特性可得
式中:μ为MOS管的迁移率;Cox指单位面积栅氧化层电容;ID为亚阈值电流;VTH为MOS管阈值电压。为了降低功耗,电流源和参考电压产生电路共用一条支路,(VGS,5-VGS,7)即为参考电压VREFVREFR的比值即为与电源无关的电流IREF,其表达式为
传统的自偏置电流源由于沟道长度调制效应的存在,对MOS管源漏电压变化比较敏感。为了应对这个问题,本设计在自偏置电流源中添加了一个辅助放大器用来钳位M5、M7的漏极电压,此时形成了一个串联负反馈。RCCC为补偿电阻和补偿电容,用于确保环路的稳定性。
MOS管M7、M9和M12构成设计的两级电流模比较器,用于比较电容电压VC和参考电压VREF。当电容电压VC超过参考电压VREF时,输出就会发生跳变使得输出电平翻转。电流模比较器的输出通过三级反相器整形,同时减小了缓冲延时对于振荡周期的影响。为了增加开关管M10的驱动能力,减小复位延时,本设计还在振荡器输出增加了一个倍压电路将输出波形高电平倍压到2倍的电源电压。为了应对由于工艺变化振荡器频率产生的误差,采用了电容阵列作为工艺修调电路。
通过改进电路结构,减小了复位延时和缓冲延时,设计的振荡器时钟频率为
式中:τRC为电阻R和电容C构成的时间常数;τcom为比较器延时。
本设计的WuRX在Cadence环境下基于TSMC 65nm CMOS工艺进行了电路设计和仿真验证,采用0.4V电源供电。模拟部分版图如图9所示,总面积为0.203mm2
匹配网络采用的是片外高Q值元件,本设计选择的是Coilcraft 2929SQ系列高Q电感。对于设计的阻抗匹配网络,Rin,ED约为520KΩ,Cin,ED约为470fF。图9给出了接收机的S11仿真结果,可以看到在109MHz处S11<-10dB。图10给出了匹配网络的幅频曲线,在109MHz处,其增益约为30.6dB。
ED的性能对于WuRX系统的整体性能至关重要,本设计的伪巴伦包络检波器级数为14级,耦合电容为100fF。在6倍过采样下,对于33bps的数据速率,ED输出包络的最大上升时间应少于5ms。图11显示了ED的瞬态仿真结果,从图中可以看出ED输出包络上升时间为2.3ms,满足上升时间小于5ms的要求。
图11可以看出输出包络信号差值为2.3mV,结合前文中提到匹配网络输出信号幅度为3.4mV,根据式(5)可以计算得到转换增益kED
不同工艺角和温度下ED的性能仿真结果如表1所示。在ss工艺角+高温的最大延迟情况下,ED的上升时间过长,不满足小于5ms的要求。通过体偏置调整,可以使ED的性能满足设计要求。
为了实现更高的接收灵敏度,需要基带放大器对多级包络检波器输出的基带信号进行放大处理。基带放大器在电源电压0.4V和负载电容0.5pF的条件下,其幅频特性曲线如图12所示。
在tt工艺角室温下,放大器的低频增益为26.5dB,-3dB带宽约为2kHz。如图13所示。为了功耗和面积的折中,松弛振荡器的输出频率设计为1.6kHz,再通过分频电路得到所需的200Hz时钟系统时钟。时钟模块仿真结果如图14所示。
唤醒接收机的整体功能为当唤醒接收机接收到唤醒信号并恢复出唤醒码后,其内部的数字相关器会对该唤醒码进行匹配识别,若识别成功,则产生一个唤醒使能脉冲作为输出。输入射频信号为-70dBm时,WuRX的整体功能仿真结果如图15所示。
其中,输入射频信号频率为109MHz,调制方式为OOK调制,数据速率为33.3bps,6位唤醒码设置为101011,系统时钟频率为200Hz。
图15可看出,经过一定的延迟后WuRX能正确输出唤醒脉冲。在满足误报率(FAR)小于1/hr和漏检率(MDR)小于0.1%的情况下,解调所需的最小信噪比RSN,m为13.4dB,基带系数FBB为0.2dB,PSD0为12(pV)2/Hz。由此,通过式(1)可计算得WuRX的灵敏度为-80dBm。所设计的WuRX在0.4V电源电压下的系统的总功耗为5.9nW,其中基带放大器占主要部分消耗3.4nW,松弛振荡器和36位数字相关器各消耗1.1nW,比较器和其他部分为0.3nW。各部分功耗占比如图16所示。表2汇总了设计的接收机性能,并和其他接收机进行了对比。
表2以看出,从灵敏度和功耗来看,文献[7]采用了高数据速率和较高载波频率并且其整体电路采用的是单端结构所以其灵敏度比较低仅仅只有-54dBm。文献[8]提出了一种新的基带处理电路使WuRX达到了较高的灵敏度,但是灵敏度提高的同时其功耗也是表2最大的,达到了115.7nW。文献[19]采用了DTMOS工艺来设计有源ED同时去掉了基带放大器来降低功耗,虽然降低了功耗但是其灵敏度也会同时降低。文献[20]通过使用环形振荡器和时域比较器大大降低了系统的功耗,仅有2.5nW,但是其灵敏度也大幅降低,只有-65dBm。从归一化灵敏度-带宽-功耗的FoM指标来看,由于文献[7]的灵敏度是最低的,所以其FoM指标也是最差的,文献[8]虽然功耗较高但是其灵敏度远高于文献[7],所以其FoM指标要优于文献[7]。文献[19]和文献[20]在牺牲小部分灵敏度的同时换取了极低的功耗,所以其FoM指标比较优秀。
值得注意的是,对于WuRX而言,只要能达到合理的唤醒延迟(例如,对于许多低平均吞吐量应用而言,唤醒延迟应小于1s),最重要的指标就是功耗和灵敏度。能量/比特和带宽等指标并不那么重要,因为从设计上讲,WuRX的吞吐量较低。综合来看,本设计的WuRX具有较高的灵敏度和FoM,并且功耗也比较低,取得了较好的综合性能。
设计了一款具有超低功耗高灵敏度的唤醒接收机。通过将经典单端无源ED拓展为单转差分伪巴伦结构来提高转换增益和信噪比,并且基带电路也采用全差分结构来提高抗干扰能力。为了降低功耗,系统电流源和低功耗松弛振荡器采用共用支路。仿真结果表明所提设计在0.4V低电源电压下,实现了-80dBm的高灵敏度,同时,功耗仅为5.9nW。所提设计能够满足低吞吐量物联网应用的需求。
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2025年第30卷第6期
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doi: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.006
  • 接收时间:2025-03-16
  • 首发时间:2026-04-16
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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    西安邮电大学电子工程学院,陕西西安 710121
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