Article(id=1251505538585018851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, issueId=1251505536634667461, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751990400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776311772247, onlineDateStr=2026-04-16, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776311772247, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776311772247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776311772247, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251505536634667461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, year='2025', volume='30', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776311771782, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776311824541, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251505758014226723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, issueId=1251505536634667461, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251505758014226724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, issueId=1251505536634667461, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=40, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251505538777956841, articleId=1251505538585018851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, language=EN, title=A measurement method for circularly polarized antenna patterns based on 5G NR DMRS, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problems that single-tone excitation sources in antenna pattern testing have difficulty in accurately evaluating the broadband performance of circularly polarized antennas in non-terrestrial networks(NTN),as well as its low efficiency,a broadband excitation source pattern measurement method based on the 5G new radio(NR)demodulation reference signals(demodulation reference signal,DMRS)is proposed.By leveraging the orthogonality of DMRS signals across different ports in the 5G NR service channel,optimal orthogonal DMRS reference signals and excitation signals are designed,enabling high-precision measurement of amplitude and phase across various antenna pointing angles.The antenna radiation pattern is then synthesized with the orthogonal linearly polarized components.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is well-suited for evaluating the broadband performance of circularly polarized antennas in NTN systems,while significantly improves the testing efficiency.

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针对天线方向图测试中单音激励源难以准确评估非地面网络(Non-Terrestrial Network,NTN)圆极化天线的宽带性能以及测试效率低的问题,提出一种基于5G新空口(New Radio,NR)解调参考信号(Demodulation Reference Signal,DMRS)的宽带激励源方向图测试方法。利用5G NR业务信道中不同端口间DMRS信号的正交性,设计了最优正交性DMRS的参考信号和激励信号,实现对圆极化天线在不同指向下幅度和相位的高精度测量,并利用正交线极化转换合成天线方向图。试验结果表明,该方法适用于NTN系统圆极化天线的宽带性能评估,并显著提升测试效率。

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赵路(1976-),男,陕西西安人,硕士,中兴通讯高级工程师,主要研究方向为无线通信、智算等。E-mail:

曹进(1982-),男,山东泰安人,硕士,中兴通讯工程师,主要研究方向为5G-A、NTN和6G等关键技术。E-mail:

谭宗英(1982-),男,吉林榆树人,硕士,中兴通讯工程师,主要研究方向为4G、5G移动通信、卫星通信技术等。E-mail:

李永国(1985-),男,山西运城人,硕士,中兴通讯工程师,主要研究方向为4G、5G移动通信、卫星通信技术等。E-mail:

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al.Optimized DM-RS configuration for improved 5G new radio network capacity and performance[J].Electronics,2024, 13(11):2028., articleTitle=Optimized DM-RS configuration for improved 5G new radio network capacity and performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1251505558491185412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505538585018851, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025-08-10, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=50, authorNames=ETSI, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ETSI.5G;NR;Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 38.211 version 16.10.0 Release 16)[EB/OL].[2025-08-10].https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/138200_138299/138211., articleTitle=5G;NR;Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 38.211 version 16.10.0 Release 16), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1251505549813170204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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端口号λΔwfk′)wfl′)
k′=0k′=1l′=0l′=1
100000+1+1+1+1
100100+1-1+1+1
100211+1+1+1+1
100311+1-1+1+1
100400+1+1+1-1
100500+1-1+1-1
100611+1+1+1-1
100711+1-1+1-1
), ArticleFig(id=1251505553923588258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505538585018851, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

配置类型1的DMRS参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
端口号λΔwfk′)wfl′)
k′=0k′=1l′=0l′=1
100000+1+1+1+1
100100+1-1+1+1
100211+1+1+1+1
100311+1-1+1+1
100400+1+1+1-1
100500+1-1+1-1
100611+1+1+1-1
100711+1-1+1-1
), ArticleFig(id=1251505554020057253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505538585018851, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
端口号λΔwfk′)wfl′)
k′=0k′=1l′=0l′=1
100000+1+1+1+1
100100+1-1+1+1
100212+1+1+1+1
100312+1-1+1+1
100424+1+1+1+1
100524+1-1+1+1
100600+1+1+1-1
100700+1-1+1-1
100812+1+1+1-1
100912+1-1+1-1
101024+1+1+1-1
101124+1-1+1-1
), ArticleFig(id=1251505554116526247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505538585018851, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

配置类型2的DMRS参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
端口号λΔwfk′)wfl′)
k′=0k′=1l′=0l′=1
100000+1+1+1+1
100100+1-1+1+1
100212+1+1+1+1
100312+1-1+1+1
100424+1+1+1+1
100524+1-1+1+1
100600+1+1+1-1
100700+1-1+1-1
100812+1+1+1-1
100912+1-1+1-1
101024+1+1+1-1
101124+1-1+1-1
), ArticleFig(id=1251505554221383850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505538585018851, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标项实测值理论值偏差
增益21.7722-0.23
轴向交极比23.1524-0.85
轴比1.211.10.11
), ArticleFig(id=1251505554301075629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233954884272221, articleId=1251505538585018851, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方向图关键指标对比/dB

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指标项实测值理论值偏差
增益21.7722-0.23
轴向交极比23.1524-0.85
轴比1.211.10.11
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一种基于5G NR DMRS的圆极化天线方向图的测试方法
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赵路 , 曹进 , 谭宗英 , 李永国
西安邮电大学学报 | 通信与电子 2025,30(6): 40-48
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西安邮电大学学报 | 通信与电子 2025, 30(6): 40-48
一种基于5G NR DMRS的圆极化天线方向图的测试方法
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赵路 , 曹进 , 谭宗英 , 李永国
作者信息
  • 中兴通讯股份有限公司,陕西西安 710000
  • 赵路(1976-),男,陕西西安人,硕士,中兴通讯高级工程师,主要研究方向为无线通信、智算等。E-mail:

    曹进(1982-),男,山东泰安人,硕士,中兴通讯工程师,主要研究方向为5G-A、NTN和6G等关键技术。E-mail:

    谭宗英(1982-),男,吉林榆树人,硕士,中兴通讯工程师,主要研究方向为4G、5G移动通信、卫星通信技术等。E-mail:

    李永国(1985-),男,山西运城人,硕士,中兴通讯工程师,主要研究方向为4G、5G移动通信、卫星通信技术等。E-mail:

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A measurement method for circularly polarized antenna patterns based on 5G NR DMRS
Lu ZHAO , Jin CAO , Zongying TAN , Yongguo LI
Affiliations
  • ZTE Corporation,Xi'an 710000,China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.005
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针对天线方向图测试中单音激励源难以准确评估非地面网络(Non-Terrestrial Network,NTN)圆极化天线的宽带性能以及测试效率低的问题,提出一种基于5G新空口(New Radio,NR)解调参考信号(Demodulation Reference Signal,DMRS)的宽带激励源方向图测试方法。利用5G NR业务信道中不同端口间DMRS信号的正交性,设计了最优正交性DMRS的参考信号和激励信号,实现对圆极化天线在不同指向下幅度和相位的高精度测量,并利用正交线极化转换合成天线方向图。试验结果表明,该方法适用于NTN系统圆极化天线的宽带性能评估,并显著提升测试效率。

5G新空口  /  非地面网络  /  圆极化天线  /  解调参考信号  /  方向图测试

Aiming at the problems that single-tone excitation sources in antenna pattern testing have difficulty in accurately evaluating the broadband performance of circularly polarized antennas in non-terrestrial networks(NTN),as well as its low efficiency,a broadband excitation source pattern measurement method based on the 5G new radio(NR)demodulation reference signals(demodulation reference signal,DMRS)is proposed.By leveraging the orthogonality of DMRS signals across different ports in the 5G NR service channel,optimal orthogonal DMRS reference signals and excitation signals are designed,enabling high-precision measurement of amplitude and phase across various antenna pointing angles.The antenna radiation pattern is then synthesized with the orthogonal linearly polarized components.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is well-suited for evaluating the broadband performance of circularly polarized antennas in NTN systems,while significantly improves the testing efficiency.

5G new radio  /  non-terrestrial networks  /  circularly polarized antennas  /  demodulation reference signal  /  pattern measurement
赵路, 曹进, 谭宗英, 李永国. 一种基于5G NR DMRS的圆极化天线方向图的测试方法. 西安邮电大学学报, 2025 , 30 (6) : 40 -48 . DOI: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.005
Lu ZHAO, Jin CAO, Zongying TAN, Yongguo LI. A measurement method for circularly polarized antenna patterns based on 5G NR DMRS[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2025 , 30 (6) : 40 -48 . DOI: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.005
随着3GPP协议正式发布针对非地面网络(Non-Terrestrial Network,NTN)的卫星通信系统标准规范,5G新空口(New Radio,NR)技术已逐步应用于卫星通信系统中[1-3],标志着地面与空间通信网络融合进入实质性发展阶段。该技术突破了传统地面网络的覆盖限制,为偏远地区、海上及空中等复杂场景提供了连续、可靠的宽带连接能力。与地面移动通信网络不同,NTN卫星通信网络面临传播距离远、信道时变性强及环境干扰复杂等挑战。为提升通信链路稳定性,NTN卫星通信系统普遍采用圆极化天线[4-7],其在传播过程中可有效抑制雨雪衰减与电离层扰动引起的极化失真,从而保障复杂环境下的通信质量。
在卫星通信系统中,天线方向图是评估其辐射性能的关键参数。已有研究表明,圆极化波等效为两个同频正交线极化波的合成结果[8-11]。文献[12-14]对基于正交线极化幅度与相位合成进行了深入研究,验证了该方法在圆极化天线方向图测试上的有效性。圆极化天线方向图的测试关键在于两个正交线极化分量的幅度与相位信息的精确获取。在这种圆极化天线方向图中激励源是单音信号,通常采用矢量网络分析仪采集不同频点的幅度与相位信息[15-17]。然而,随着NTN卫星通信系统的信号带宽显著提升(3GPP R17定义为5MHz至50MHz),通信质量对天线的幅度一致性、频率响应平坦度等指标有更高的要求。当前的单音信号激励方法,一方面难以全面反映宽带信号环境下天线的实际性能,测试结果的代表性和准确性受限,另一方面测试过程需要测试大量的频点,方向图测试效率较低。因此在圆极化天线测试中,设计5G NR宽带信号作为激励源,有望成为解决该问题的重要研究方向,采用宽带信号可一次性激励设备的整个工作频段,大幅减少测试时间,提高测试效率。
以5G NR宽带信号作为激励源时,幅度信息可通过功率检测直接获取,而相位信息的测量通常依赖于将待测信号与同频参考信号进行比对。为确保相位测量的准确性与稳定性,参考信号与激励信号需具备相同的时钟源。然而,在NTN卫星通信天线测试场景中,5G NR宽带信号由卫星通信设备发射,接收端则需依赖测试仪表进行信号解调,二者之间难以实现严格的时钟同步。即使采用常规的外部时钟同步方法,参考信号与接收信号之间由于使用不同时钟源仍存在不可忽略的相位偏差,导致相位信息难以准确提取。文献[18-20]指出,5G NR中的解调参考信号(Demodulation Reference Signal,DMRS)主要用于信道估计与相干解调,以确保接收端能够准确恢复用户数据。DMRS支持多端口配置,各端口在时域上占据相同的位置[21-22],并在频域上通过正交序列实现复用,从而保证彼此之间的低相关性与良好的信道独立性。由于这些DMRS端口共享相同的时频资源,并由同一发射端生成,它们在时间对齐和相位关系上具有高度一致性。这为深入研究各端口之间的时间差与相位关联性提供了理论基础。
基于上述DMRS端口间固有的时相一致性技术,首次尝试将其引入圆极化天线方向图测试中,旨在解决传统方法在相位测量精度方面的局限性。提出一种基于5G NR DMRS的NTN圆极化天线方向图测试方法,利用DMRS的正交性,将一个DMRS端口作为参考信号,通过频谱仪准确提取含另一DMRS端口的激励信号的相位信息。进一步通过两个正交线极化分量的幅度与相位合成,最终实现圆极化的方向图测量。经实验验证,该方法具备较高的准确性和实用性,为NTN卫星通信系统中圆极化天线测试提供了一种新的技术路径。
随着5G NR技术在卫星通信基站中的应用,为提高测试结果的准确性,NTN圆极化天线的方向图测试需在宽带信号条件下进行。圆极化天线的幅度信息可通过功率测量得到,但相位信息的测试在现有5G NR地面通信基站中尚无成熟的解决方案。因此,NTN圆极化天线方向图测试亟需一种在宽带信号条件下具备高精度与高可靠性的相位信息测试方法,以支撑其在5G NR卫星通信系统中的高效部署与性能评估。
为应对上述挑战,可利用系统中已有的高精度参考信号资源,实现对宽带信号条件下相位信息的可靠提取与校准。在5G NR系统中,DMRS具有与业务信道共时频、低时延、高相关性的特点,能够有效反映信道相位特性。因此,基于DMRS的相位估计与校正机制,有望为NTN圆极化天线方向图测试中相位信息的精确获取提供一种可行且高效的解决方案。
两个不同方向的线极化波可以合成圆极化波,文献[23-25]做了详细的介绍。假设有沿正z方向传播的两个线极化波,Ex极化方向为正x方向,Ey极化方向为正y方向,那么
式中:ExmEym为常数,是极化波ExEy的振幅值;φ1φ2是极化波ExEy的初始相位;β是波数。
z=0时刻,当幅度不相等且相位差为任意值时,极化波ExEy的矢量电场为
振幅和端点轨迹与x轴夹角分别为
式中:EmE的振幅;αE的端点轨迹与x轴夹角。从式(4)和式(5)可以看出,合成矢量电场E的幅度与夹角都是随时间变化的,且合成矢量电场末端的轨迹是一个倾斜的椭圆,因此称为椭圆极化波。简单证明一下,假设φ1-φ2=90°,ExmEym,则有
那么
这是一个长轴短轴分别为ExmEym的椭圆方程,图1表示任意两个线极化波均可合成倾斜的椭圆极化波。
椭圆极化波存在两种特殊情况,当φ1=φ2时,合成的电场振幅和夹角分别为
式中:αE的端点轨迹与x轴夹角,是一个常数,说明合成矢量电场E仍为线极化波。同理,φ1-φ2=±π时,仍为线极化波。而当Exm=Eym,且φ1-φ2=时,合成矢量电场的振幅和夹角分别为
式中:Em表示E的大小不随时间变化,E的端点在一圆周上以角速度ω随时间变化,因此称为圆极化波。那么圆极化天线方向图就可以看成两个振幅相同、频率相同的正交线极化波的合成结果。
左右旋圆极化理论计算公式[26]分别为
实际工程中,用水平极化探头获得水平场的功率Eh和相位ph,设EH=·;垂直极化探头获得垂直场的功率Ev和相位pv,设EV=·则有
通常理想的线极化天线可以做到,但是标准的圆极化天线是非常难做到的,一般的圆极化天线都是椭圆极化天线,工程上判定一个天线是否是圆极化天线,一般用轴比Lar表示[27],可以由左右旋圆极化方向图计算得到
一般工程上,轴比Lar≤3dB就认为该天线是圆极化天线。
文献[28-30]详细介绍了5G NR DMRS的生成以及资源映射,5G NR业务信道仅支持空分复用的闭环DMRS,又分为配置类型1和2。另外,5G NR的天线端口是逻辑概念,配置类型1和2的DMRS又被分为多个码分复用(Code Division Multiplexing,CDM)组,即将多个DMRS天线端口通过时频域码分复用的方式复用在一组物理资源中。对于配置类型1,最多支持8个DMRS,所对应的端口号为1000~1007。对于配置类型2,最多支持12个DMRS,所对应的端口号为1000~1011。
DMRS用于协助控制信道及业务信道的解码过程,并在通道估计环节充当指导信息。在NR体系下,DMRS是由伪随机序列生成,从而有效减少了频域上的能量波动。
DMRS可以从一个由以下公式[31]定义的黄金序列中得到伪随机数rn)。
对于cn)有以下定义
序列x1n)通过x1(0)=1,x1n)=0,n=1,2,…,30进行初始化,序列x2n)通过Cinit初始化,Cinit可以由下式得到
式中:l是一个时隙内正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)符号的索引值,即DMRS在时域上的位置;是一个时隙内的OFDM符号数;是一个帧的时隙号。的取值情况如下。
1)当控制信道通过下行控制信息(Downlink Control Information,DCI)1_1或者DCI 1_2调度业务信道,并且DMRS下行配置信息元表示提取了标识符(Identifier,ID)0和ID1,取值范围为{0,1,…,65535}。
2)如果成功通过DCI 1_0调度业务信道,且由DMRS下行配置信息元表示出ID0,取值范围为{0,1,…,65535}。
3)=。式中的取值情况如下,其中λ是CDM
否则
如果控制信道通过DCI 1调度业务信道,那么nSCID∈{0,1}将会由DCI 1_1上的DMRS序列初始化字段来指示其他情况。
式(18)中生成的序列rn),可以将其映射到不同的资源单元(Resource Element,RE)上,映射公式为[31]式中:RS在为PDSCH的DMRS功率控制因子;k为DMRS频域上的位置;p为DMRS的天线端口号;k′为0或1;l=+′ln=0,1,…;另外ωfk′),ωf(′l)的数值是由天线端口值决定的。业务信道的DMRS在频域上的带宽与分配给业务信道的带宽相同。但是DMRS在时域上的位置与业务信道的映射类型、持续时间、DMRS符号数等参数有关。
业务信道的映射模式包含了DMRS的相对初始位置l和首个DMRS所在的位置l0的数据。通过比较DMRS下行配置信息元中的最大长度与DCI所指向的天线端口信息,可以得出前置DMRS在一个时隙内的符号数量。若最大长度值为1,那么前置DMRS会占据一个符号;而当其等于2时,前置DMRS的值取决于DCI的天线端口部分。此外,DMRS配置在下行数据信道的初始入口也采用了附加DMRS位置这一变量来指示额外的DMRS位置。
业务信道DMRS提供了两种配置选择:配置类型1和配置类型2。配置类型1是预设的DMRS设置方式。无论哪种配置,DMRS都会划分为若干信道分割复用CDM小组,也就是若干天线端口,这些端口会合并到一组物理资源上。在配置类型1中,单符号DMRS可容纳最大两个CDM小组,共计4条天线端口;而在双符号DMRS中,可达到3个CDM小组,共6条天线端口。而配置类型2的表现则更为出色,单符号DMRS最大量能容纳3个CDM小组,总计6条天线端口;双符号DMRS可以承载最大的6个CDM小组,共有12条天线端口。两种配置类型在映射公式(27)中的参数取值不同,表1表2分别给出了两种配置类型DMRS参数的取值以及与天线端口的对应关系,在计算DMRS映射位置时查询表格获取对应参数即可。
提出的基于5G NR DMRS的NTN圆极化天线方向图测试方法,如图2所示。利用5G NR DMRS的正交性以及时频域分布特性,设计了一组包含不同DMRS端口的参考信号和激励信号,并由卫星通信系统统一发射。其中,参考信号通过传导方式合路进入频谱仪,在相位测量过程中用作相位基准;激励信号则经卫星天线辐射发射,携带天线方向图特性,分别被正交的垂直和水平线极化探头接收。分时与参考信号合路后进入频谱仪,进而解调出对应的幅度和相位信息。最终通过合成两个正交线极化分量的幅度与相位信息,实现圆极化天线方向图的测试。
利用1.2节介绍的DMRS生成理论,以及时频域分布特征,设计一组正交性最优的参考信号与激励信号,参考信号仅包含DMRS端口1000,而激励信号则仅包含DMRS端口1002。端口1000和端口1002的DMRS在频域上分别映射于不同的RE,频域上具有很好的正交性,两路信号合路进入频谱仪后,在解调过程中彼此互不干扰,为后续的相位和幅度测量提供了可靠保障。
下面以4端口DMRS信号为例,基于式(27)给出不同端口DMRS信号的频域分布位置为
端口 1000频域位置为0,2,4,6…
端口 1001频域位置为0,2,4,6…
端口 1002频域位置为1,3,5,7…
端口 1003频域位置为1,3,5,7…
基于上述不同端口DMRS信号的频域分布特性,图3设计了包含5G NR DMRS的参考信号和激励信号。其中端口1000和端口1002的DMRS信号在相同时域位置,分别分布在不同的频域资源块上,实现了频域正交。
由于DMRS端口1000和端口1002在频域上具有良好的正交性,即使在圆极化天线方向图测量过程中,波峰与波谷之间的接收信号功率差异超过50dB,仍能有效抑制端口间干扰,保障相位测量结果的准确性与稳定性。该特性为宽带信号环境高动态范围接收条件下的圆极化天线方向图测试提供了可靠的技术支撑。
本节主要实现了5G NR DMRS激励信号相位信息的测量,首先利用DMRS信号由伪随机序列生成的特点,实现时间和频率同步,再结合帧结构信息,得到DMRS信号在时频资源的位置分布。
最后根据不同端口的DMRS呈正交分布特性,如频域位置0,2,4,6…上包含的端口1000和端口1001是两个具有相同调制方式的信号,这两个数据存在如下规则:4n子载波上的端口1000/1001数据同相;4n+2子载波上的端口1000/1001数据正交。
通过上述规则得出待测端口1000/1001 DMRS的相位,同理亦可得出端口1002/1003 DMRS的相位,最终各端口间的相位信息都能准确获取,此外在测量过程中各端口间的幅度信息也可以同时获取到。
可以利用圆极化波等效为两个同频正交线极化波的合成结果,如图4所示。
在暗室进行方向图测试时,使用2.1和2.2节的相位测试方法,首先用水平极化探头获得水平场的功率Eh和相位ph,设EH=·;再用垂直极化探头获得垂直场的功率Ev和相位pv,设EV=·。最后,使用左右旋圆极化计算公式(15)和式(16)合成出NTN圆极化天线方向图。
依据以上分析,设计出实现NTN圆极化天线方向图测试的硬件环境连接框图,如图5所示。
测试环境包括暗室、待测NTN天线、频谱仪、合路器等关键设备。测试过程中,NTN卫星通信设备通过传导口发送含端口1000DMRS的参考信号,该信号经合路器输入至频谱仪,在整个方向图测试过程中保持不变;同时,NTN卫星通信设备通过NTN天线的空口辐射发送包含端口1002DMRS的激励信号,该信号经接收探头捕获后,同样通过合路器送入频谱仪。频谱仪对来自两个端口的信号进行同步解调,提取其幅度与相位信息,从而实现方向图的高精度测量。具体的测试步骤如下。
步骤1 搭建测试环境。按图5所示硬件环境连接框图搭建测试环境,包括待测NTN天线、频谱仪、合路器等。
步骤2 损耗校准。在暗室内完成空间路径损耗校准,并测量参考信号一路的线路损耗。
步骤3 控制信号发射。控制NTN卫星通信设备发射包含端口1000和端口1002的参考信号和激励信号。
步骤4 设定水平线极化探头方向。将线极化接收探头设置为水平极化方向,准备进行方向图测量。
步骤5 采集各角度幅度和相位数据。控制转台沿水平/垂直平面从-180°连续旋转至+180°,实时记录转台角度,并同步采集频谱仪输出的幅度与相位信息。
步骤6 设定垂直线极化探头方向。将线极化接收探头设置为垂直极化方向,准备进行方向图测量。
步骤7 采集各角度幅度和相位数据。重复步骤5,采集垂直极化下的幅度与相位信息。
步骤8 合成圆极化天线方向图。基于1.1节中的式(15)和式(16),使用采集到的两个正交线极化分量的幅度与相位信息,计算得到NTN圆极化天线的左旋与右旋方向图。
同时给出使用5G NR DMRS宽带信号的NTN圆极化天线方向图测试流程,如图6所示。
选取市场上常用的某圆极化天线,该天线的理论增益为22dBi,轴向交极比理论值为24dB,轴比为1.1dB。
使用5G NR DMRS宽带信号激励的测试方法,完成左右旋圆极化方向图测试。汇总实测和理论方向图对比如图7所示,方向图实测和理论图形基本一致。汇总实测和理论轴比对比如图8所示,轴比实测和理论图形基本一致。
根据方向图实测结果汇总关键指标偏差对比如表3所示。
表3可知,采用基于5G NR DMRS宽带信号激励的测试方法所测得的方向图增益较理论值偏差为0.23dB,交叉极化比偏差为0.85dB,轴比偏差0.11dB。传统单音测试方法下,增益测试误差一般为±0.5dB,交叉极化比偏差一般为±1.5dB,轴比测试偏差一般为±0.5dB。所提方法各项偏差均小于传统单音测试方法,证明基于5G NR DMRS宽带信号激励的测试方法测试结果更准确可靠。
基于5G NR DMRS信号的测试方法在测量过程中包含了基站射频前端的幅度一致性与频率响应平坦度等实际系统特性,其测试结果更贴近NTN卫星通信系统在真实工作条件下的方向图性能。同时由于使用宽带信号测试,一次测试可包含整个工作频段,不需要像传统单音信号激励时那样逐个频点遍历测试,测试效率显著提升。可见相比传统单音信号测试方法,该方法能够更全面、真实地反映系统在宽带信号激励下的天线辐射特性,且测试效率高,具有更高的工程应用价值。
针对NTN卫星通信系统中圆极化天线在宽带信号条件下的方向图测试难题,提出了一种基于5G NRDMRS的新型测试方法。该方法利用DMRS信号在不同端口间的正交特性,设计了具有最优正交性的参考信号和激励信号,有效解决了宽带信号环境下两个正交线极化分量相位信息难以同步获取的问题。通过构建稳定的参考信号(端口1000DMRS)与激励信号(端口1002DMRS)进行比对,利用频谱仪测量其幅度和相位,实现了对NTN圆极化天线在不同指向下的高精度相位测量,并结合幅度信息,依据正交线极化合成公式完成方向图测试。实验结果表明,该方法在大动态范围接收信号条件下仍具有良好的稳定性与准确性,显著提升了NTN圆极化天线方向图测试的精度与效率。该方法首次将5G NRDMRS信号应用于圆极化天线方向图测试中,突破了传统基于单音信号激励难以准确评估NTN圆极化天线宽带性能的限制,为5G NR技术在卫星通信系统中的融合应用提供了新方法与技术支撑。在未来的研究工作中,需进一步综合考虑实际卫星通信系统中存在的多径衰落、电磁干扰等复杂信道因素所带来的影响。为更真实地评估系统在非理想条件下的稳健性与可靠性,可通过在实验环境中主动引入各类噪声及干扰模拟现实场景,从而进行更为全面的验证。为其在实际工程中的应用提供更为扎实的理论与实践依据。
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2025年第30卷第6期
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doi: 10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2025.06.005
  • 接收时间:2025-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-04-16
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09
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    中兴通讯股份有限公司,陕西西安 710000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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