Article(id=1251893509725303359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2025.05.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744473600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776404271774, onlineDateStr=2026-04-17, pubDate=1758124800000, pubDateStr=2025-09-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776404271774, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776404271774, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776404271774, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251893504037831074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, year='2025', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='877', pageEnd='1134', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776404270419, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776404832543, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251895861849043019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251895861849043020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=919, endPage=928, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251893511327527499, articleId=1251893509725303359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, language=EN, title=Handover-aware Based Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in Multi-layer Aerial Internet of Vehicles, columnId=1251893506944483753, journalTitle=Radio Communications Technology, columnName=Special Topic: 6G and IoT Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The rapid development of intelligent transportation systems has intensified the demand for real-time and highly reliable computing services, driving the evolution of vehicular edge computing toward more dynamic and flexible collaborative architectures. Multi-layer aerial networks overcome the inherent limitations of traditional ground infrastructure in terms of coverage and service continuity, emerging as a promising supplement and development trend for vehicular edge computing. To this end, a multi-layer aerial edge computing architecture integrating High Altitude Platform (HAP) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is proposed, collaboratively providing efficient computing support for moving vehicles in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV). To address frequent aerial cell handovers caused by vehicle mobility, a novel handover-aware mechanism is introduced to predict the time window for cell switching under UAV coverage. Under the energy constraints of both vehicles and UAV, the bandwidth partitioning, computing resource allocation, and task offloading decisions are jointly optimized to minimize total task latency and mitigate handover-induced service interruptions. Moreover, to tackle the high computation complexity of the Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem, a three-step iterative algorithm is designed. This algorithm decomposes the problem into subproblems of bandwidth allocation, computing resource allocation, and offloading decision optimization, which can be solved using the CVX tool, linear relaxation, and Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to baseline schemes, the proposed solution reduces total task latency by 11.9%, 23.3% and 25.5% for task sizes ranging from 5~9 Mb, respectively.
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智能交通系统的迅猛发展催生了对实时性与高可靠计算服务的迫切需求,进而推动了车载边缘计算向更具动态性和灵活性的协同计算架构演进。多层空基网络突破了传统地面基础设施在覆盖范围与服务连续性方面的固有局限,正逐步成为支撑车载边缘计算的重要补充与发展方向。为此,构建了一种融合高空平台(High Altitude Platform,HAP)与无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)的多层空基边缘计算架构,协同为车联网(Internet of Vehicles,IoV)中的移动车辆提供高效计算支持。针对车辆移动引发的频繁空中小区切换问题,创新性地引入切换感知机制,预测车辆在UAV覆盖下的小区切换时间窗,在车辆与UAV能耗限制下,联合优化系统的带宽分配、计算资源分配与任务卸载决策,以最小化任务总时延,同时规避切换中断风险。为应对混合整数非线性规划(Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming,MINLP)问题的高计算复杂度,设计了一种3步迭代求解算法,将原问题分解为带宽分配、计算资源分配和卸载决策优化子问题,采用CVX工具、线性松弛与交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,ADMM)求解。仿真结果表明,相比于基线方案,所提算法在任务大小为5~9 Mb时,任务总时延分别降低了11.9%、23.3%和25.5%。
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杜雪琪 女,(2001—),硕士研究生。主要研究方向:移动边缘计算、资源分配。
那振宇 男,(1981—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:空天地一体化网络、无人机通信、卫星通信、无线自组网和网络资源优化。
任涵涵 女,(2000—),硕士研究生。主要研究方向:空天地一体化、移动边缘计算和深度强化学习。
刘丽哲 女,(1978—),硕士,研究员级高级工程师。
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那振宇 男,(1981—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:空天地一体化网络、无人机通信、卫星通信、无线自组网和网络资源优化。
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任涵涵 女,(2000—),硕士研究生。主要研究方向:空天地一体化、移动边缘计算和深度强化学习。
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Multi-layer aerial IoV edge computing network architecture, figureFileSmall=iVKbi2L0uag1IpYSkpJl2A==, figureFileBig=0K3xU0S5DPvKesNBhe7tcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540183675495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
多层空基IoV边缘计算网络架构, figureFileSmall=iVKbi2L0uag1IpYSkpJl2A==, figureFileBig=0K3xU0S5DPvKesNBhe7tcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540280144490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Convergence of the proposed algorithm, figureFileSmall=Wkh9Ql3j+U9cfceGwBey8w==, figureFileBig=IO1ozYXHFEVQBgJpkexsmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540435333743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
所提算法的收敛性能, figureFileSmall=Wkh9Ql3j+U9cfceGwBey8w==, figureFileBig=IO1ozYXHFEVQBgJpkexsmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540527608434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Bandwidth resources versus total task latency, figureFileSmall=Q7E++pU0g7qWPR1sS+F8lQ==, figureFileBig=HfZ4iwCSE5/vCOzGQkuoEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540645048950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
带宽资源与任务总时延的关系, figureFileSmall=Q7E++pU0g7qWPR1sS+F8lQ==, figureFileBig=HfZ4iwCSE5/vCOzGQkuoEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540724740730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
User count versus total task latency, figureFileSmall=gIwkj3mLBGEBCSFh7ZVMTA==, figureFileBig=MKqvqL0hqcMVOP3fO/EkNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540817015425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
用户数量与任务总时延的关系, figureFileSmall=gIwkj3mLBGEBCSFh7ZVMTA==, figureFileBig=MKqvqL0hqcMVOP3fO/EkNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540879929988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
User transmitting powers versus total task latency, figureFileSmall=FZUMSo79jhm9sbgGmsWwhQ==, figureFileBig=7dciNXhekt4kPgbQOZvWsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895540963816070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
用户发射功率与任务总时延的关系, figureFileSmall=FZUMSo79jhm9sbgGmsWwhQ==, figureFileBig=7dciNXhekt4kPgbQOZvWsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895541030924936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Maximum number of users for UAV access versus total task latency, figureFileSmall=a+F3iWnhEbNiTllpbGJwFA==, figureFileBig=axmFCUPjTWNOQ9UR6DiX6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895541110616715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
UAV最大接入用户数与任务总时延的关系, figureFileSmall=a+F3iWnhEbNiTllpbGJwFA==, figureFileBig=axmFCUPjTWNOQ9UR6DiX6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895542708646543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Task sizes versus total task latency, figureFileSmall=m2vkRLE/I5QSTjlFTakB3g==, figureFileBig=Khf/6vUQYrrPlrhIF7HfuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895542792532627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
任务大小与任务总时延的关系, figureFileSmall=m2vkRLE/I5QSTjlFTakB3g==, figureFileBig=Khf/6vUQYrrPlrhIF7HfuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895542901584536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Computing resources required to compute 1 bit versus total task latency, figureFileSmall=3TM4xcQrjZ7KPnofgCvrWw==, figureFileBig=vQ6f12bBX7jPoMZt+T1tsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895542964499100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
计算1 bit所需计算资源与任务总时延的关系, figureFileSmall=3TM4xcQrjZ7KPnofgCvrWw==, figureFileBig=vQ6f12bBX7jPoMZt+T1tsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895543065162398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
HAP computing capability versus total task latency, figureFileSmall=qEDdyzNVsngP20j4nX3uNw==, figureFileBig=4bOpP3fIU+MZ6LF18Yp8vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895543153242784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
HAP计算能力与任务总时延的关系, figureFileSmall=qEDdyzNVsngP20j4nX3uNw==, figureFileBig=4bOpP3fIU+MZ6LF18Yp8vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895543220351651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
|
|---|
1初始化:ψ(0)、 、τ(0)、惩罚参数ρ以及迭代计数器t=1; |
| 2重复: |
| 3通过式(30)关于ψk,U最小化增广拉格朗日函数Lρ更新ψ; |
4在获得ψ(t+1)后,通过式(31)关于 最小化增广拉格朗日函数Lρ更新 ; |
5在获得ψ(t+1)和 后,通过式(32)更新τ; |
| 6通过式(33)~式(35)计算残差rp,rd,rs; |
| 7如果rp≤ϵpri、rd≤ϵdual以及rs≤ϵscal,则终止迭代; |
| 8更新t=t+1; |
| 9直到满足收敛条件或达到最大迭代次数t=tmax。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251895543300043430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=算法1, caption=
问题(P4.1)的求解算法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
|
|---|
1初始化:ψ(0)、 、τ(0)、惩罚参数ρ以及迭代计数器t=1; |
| 2重复: |
| 3通过式(30)关于ψk,U最小化增广拉格朗日函数Lρ更新ψ; |
4在获得ψ(t+1)后,通过式(31)关于 最小化增广拉格朗日函数Lρ更新 ; |
5在获得ψ(t+1)和 后,通过式(32)更新τ; |
| 6通过式(33)~式(35)计算残差rp,rd,rs; |
| 7如果rp≤ϵpri、rd≤ϵdual以及rs≤ϵscal,则终止迭代; |
| 8更新t=t+1; |
| 9直到满足收敛条件或达到最大迭代次数t=tmax。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251895543388123817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
|
|---|
1初始化:B(0)、F(0)、ψ(0)、 以及迭代次数l=0; |
| 2重复: |
3通过已知的F(l)、ψ(l)以及 求解问题(P2),并将所得结果记作B(l+1); |
4通过已知的B(l+1)、ψ(l)以及 求解问题(P3),并将所得结果记作F(l+1); |
5通过已知B(l+1)和F(l+1)求解问题(P4),并将所得结果记作ψ(l+1)和 ; |
| 6更新l=l+ 1; |
| 7直到目标函数值收敛。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251895543472009901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=算法2, caption=
所提3步迭代算法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
|
|---|
1初始化:B(0)、F(0)、ψ(0)、 以及迭代次数l=0; |
| 2重复: |
3通过已知的F(l)、ψ(l)以及 求解问题(P2),并将所得结果记作B(l+1); |
4通过已知的B(l+1)、ψ(l)以及 求解问题(P3),并将所得结果记作F(l+1); |
5通过已知B(l+1)和F(l+1)求解问题(P4),并将所得结果记作ψ(l+1)和 ; |
| 6更新l=l+ 1; |
| 7直到目标函数值收敛。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251895543568478895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Parameter settings
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 描述 | 取值 |
|---|
| β0/dBm | LOS下,参考距离为1 m时的路径损耗 | -40 |
| η/dBm | NLOS情况下的额外衰减 | -8 |
 | 车辆发射功率 | 23 |
 | UAV最大计算能力 | 30 |
 | HAP最大计算能力 | 50 |
| G | 定向天线增益 | 5 |
| fc/GHz | 载波频率 | 2 |
| N0/dBm | 加性高斯白噪声功率 | -110 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251895543660753586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509725303359, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
参数设置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 描述 | 取值 |
|---|
| β0/dBm | LOS下,参考距离为1 m时的路径损耗 | -40 |
| η/dBm | NLOS情况下的额外衰减 | -8 |
 | 车辆发射功率 | 23 |
 | UAV最大计算能力 | 30 |
 | HAP最大计算能力 | 50 |
| G | 定向天线增益 | 5 |
| fc/GHz | 载波频率 | 2 |
| N0/dBm | 加性高斯白噪声功率 | -110 |
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