Article(id=1251893509125517877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2025.05.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745251200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776404271632, onlineDateStr=2026-04-17, pubDate=1758124800000, pubDateStr=2025-09-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776404271632, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776404271632, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776404271632, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251893504037831074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, year='2025', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='877', pageEnd='1134', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776404270419, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776404832543, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251895861849043019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251895861849043020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=891, endPage=898, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251893509331038778, articleId=1251893509125517877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, language=EN, title=Throughput Optimization of Active STAR-RIS Assisted Wireless Powered Communication Network, columnId=1251893506944483753, journalTitle=Radio Communications Technology, columnName=Special Topic: 6G and IoT Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, a Wireless Powered Communication Network (WPCN) based on Active Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (ASTAR-RIS) is proposed. The communication network is mainly composed of four parts: Power Station (PS), Sensor Node Groups (SNGs), ASTAR-RIS and Access Point (AP). The operation process of the communication system is mainly divided into two stages: Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) stage and Wireless Information Transfer (WIT) stage. Energy Splitting (ES) mode is adopted in the wireless energy transmission phase, and Time Switching (TS) mode is adopted in the wireless information transmission phase. This paper aims to optimize the phase shift parameters and communication resource allocation of ASTAR-RIS to maximize system throughput. Since the optimization problem is non-convex, this paper uses an alternate optimization algorithm to solve the problem. Firstly, the problem is divided into two parts according to the coupled variables. The optimal solutions of the variables in these two parts are solved by Semidefinite Relaxation (SDR) and Fractional Programming (FP) respectively. Experimental results show that the communication scheme proposed in this paper can provide higher performance gain for the system.

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提出一种基于可同时透射和反射的有源可重构智能表面(Active Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ASTAR-RIS)辅助的无线供能通信网络(Wireless Powered Communication Network,WPCN)。通信网络主要由采集供电站(Power Station,PS)、传感器节点组(Sensor Node Groups,SNGs)、ASTAR-RIS和接入点(Access Point,AP)4个部分组成。通信系统的运行流程主要分为无线能量传输(Wireless Energy Transfer,WET)和无线信息传输(Wireless Information Transfer,WIT)2个阶段,在无线能量传输阶段采用能量分裂(Energy Splitting,ES)工作模式,在无线信息传输阶段采用分时(Time Switching,TS)工作模式。在联合优化ASTAR-RIS的相移参数和通信资源分配以及放大功率约束的情况下,最大化系统的信噪比,即系统的通信性能达到最佳。由于优化问题是非凸的,采用交替优化算法对问题进行求解,根据耦合的变量将问题分为2个部分,在交替优化算法的基础之上,利用半定松弛(Semidefinite Relaxation,SDR)和分式规划(Fractional Programming,FP)分别求解2个部分的变量的最优解。实验结果表明,提出的通信方案可以为系统提供更高的性能增益。

, correspAuthors=李一鸣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李一鸣 女,(1979—),硕士,副教授。主要研究方向:计算机应用技术。
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谢文武 男,(1979—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:无线通信系统算法、教育大数据。

袁曾家 男,(1999—),硕士研究生。主要研究方向:智能反射面、隐蔽通信。

李桂林 男,(1999—),硕士。主要研究方向:无线供能通信。

黄杰 男,(1978—),经理。主要研究方向:物联网。

周振威 男,(2005—)。主要研究方向:智能反射面。

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谢文武 男,(1979—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:无线通信系统算法、教育大数据。

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谢文武 男,(1979—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:无线通信系统算法、教育大数据。

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袁曾家 男,(1999—),硕士研究生。主要研究方向:智能反射面、隐蔽通信。

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袁曾家 男,(1999—),硕士研究生。主要研究方向:智能反射面、隐蔽通信。

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李桂林 男,(1999—),硕士。主要研究方向:无线供能通信。

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李桂林 男,(1999—),硕士。主要研究方向:无线供能通信。

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黄杰 男,(1978—),经理。主要研究方向:物联网。

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黄杰 男,(1978—),经理。主要研究方向:物联网。

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周振威 男,(2005—)。主要研究方向:智能反射面。

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周振威 男,(2005—)。主要研究方向:智能反射面。

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1:初始化WIT阶段相移,以及迭代次数n=0
2:重复
3:将给定初值的WIT阶段相移(vk,tn,(vk,rn代入问题(P1.2),求得系统传输时隙参数(τ0n+1、(、(、(v0,rn+1、(v0,tn+1,(pk,S1n+1、(pk,S2n+1
4:将优化后的(v0,rn+1、(v0,tn+1、(pk,S1n+1、(pk,S2n+1、(T0n+1、(代入问题(P1.3)和问题(P1.4)
5:通过交替优化vkl,直至问题(P1.3)和问题(P1.4)目标函数收敛,从而获得最优解(vk,tn+1以及(vk,rn+1
6:n=n+ 1
7:直到目标值与前一次迭代得到的目标值差的绝对值小于给定阈值τ>0,终止
), ArticleFig(id=1251895552162611495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893509125517877, language=CN, label=算法1, caption=

联合优化算法求解问题(P1.1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1:初始化WIT阶段相移,以及迭代次数n=0
2:重复
3:将给定初值的WIT阶段相移(vk,tn,(vk,rn代入问题(P1.2),求得系统传输时隙参数(τ0n+1、(、(、(v0,rn+1、(v0,tn+1,(pk,S1n+1、(pk,S2n+1
4:将优化后的(v0,rn+1、(v0,tn+1、(pk,S1n+1、(pk,S2n+1、(T0n+1、(代入问题(P1.3)和问题(P1.4)
5:通过交替优化vkl,直至问题(P1.3)和问题(P1.4)目标函数收敛,从而获得最优解(vk,tn+1以及(vk,rn+1
6:n=n+ 1
7:直到目标值与前一次迭代得到的目标值差的绝对值小于给定阈值τ>0,终止
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STAR-RIS辅助无线供能通信的吞吐量优化研究
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谢文武 1 , 袁曾家 1 , 李桂林 1 , 李一鸣 1, * , 黄杰 2 , 周振威 1
无线电通信技术 | 专题:6G与物联网技术 2025,51(5): 891-898
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无线电通信技术 | 专题:6G与物联网技术 2025, 51(5): 891-898
STAR-RIS辅助无线供能通信的吞吐量优化研究
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谢文武1, 袁曾家1, 李桂林1, 李一鸣1, *, 黄杰2, 周振威1
作者信息
  • 1.湖南理工学院 信息科学与工程学院, 湖南 岳阳 414006
  • 2.湖南六九零六信息科技股份有限公司,湖南 岳阳 414006
  • 谢文武 男,(1979—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:无线通信系统算法、教育大数据。

    袁曾家 男,(1999—),硕士研究生。主要研究方向:智能反射面、隐蔽通信。

    李桂林 男,(1999—),硕士。主要研究方向:无线供能通信。

    黄杰 男,(1978—),经理。主要研究方向:物联网。

    周振威 男,(2005—)。主要研究方向:智能反射面。

通讯作者:

李一鸣 女,(1979—),硕士,副教授。主要研究方向:计算机应用技术。
Throughput Optimization of Active STAR-RIS Assisted Wireless Powered Communication Network
Wenwu XIE1, Zengjia YUAN1, Guilin LI1, Yiming LI1, *, Jie HUANG2, Zhenwei ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
  • 2.Hunan 6906 Information Technology Co. , Ltd. , Yueyang 414006, China
出版时间: 2025-09-18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2025.05.002
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提出一种基于可同时透射和反射的有源可重构智能表面(Active Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ASTAR-RIS)辅助的无线供能通信网络(Wireless Powered Communication Network,WPCN)。通信网络主要由采集供电站(Power Station,PS)、传感器节点组(Sensor Node Groups,SNGs)、ASTAR-RIS和接入点(Access Point,AP)4个部分组成。通信系统的运行流程主要分为无线能量传输(Wireless Energy Transfer,WET)和无线信息传输(Wireless Information Transfer,WIT)2个阶段,在无线能量传输阶段采用能量分裂(Energy Splitting,ES)工作模式,在无线信息传输阶段采用分时(Time Switching,TS)工作模式。在联合优化ASTAR-RIS的相移参数和通信资源分配以及放大功率约束的情况下,最大化系统的信噪比,即系统的通信性能达到最佳。由于优化问题是非凸的,采用交替优化算法对问题进行求解,根据耦合的变量将问题分为2个部分,在交替优化算法的基础之上,利用半定松弛(Semidefinite Relaxation,SDR)和分式规划(Fractional Programming,FP)分别求解2个部分的变量的最优解。实验结果表明,提出的通信方案可以为系统提供更高的性能增益。

无线供能通信网络  /  同时透射和反射的有源可重构智能表面  /  凸优化

In this paper, a Wireless Powered Communication Network (WPCN) based on Active Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (ASTAR-RIS) is proposed. The communication network is mainly composed of four parts: Power Station (PS), Sensor Node Groups (SNGs), ASTAR-RIS and Access Point (AP). The operation process of the communication system is mainly divided into two stages: Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) stage and Wireless Information Transfer (WIT) stage. Energy Splitting (ES) mode is adopted in the wireless energy transmission phase, and Time Switching (TS) mode is adopted in the wireless information transmission phase. This paper aims to optimize the phase shift parameters and communication resource allocation of ASTAR-RIS to maximize system throughput. Since the optimization problem is non-convex, this paper uses an alternate optimization algorithm to solve the problem. Firstly, the problem is divided into two parts according to the coupled variables. The optimal solutions of the variables in these two parts are solved by Semidefinite Relaxation (SDR) and Fractional Programming (FP) respectively. Experimental results show that the communication scheme proposed in this paper can provide higher performance gain for the system.

WPCN  /  ASTAR-RIS  /  convex optimization
谢文武, 袁曾家, 李桂林, 李一鸣, 黄杰, 周振威. STAR-RIS辅助无线供能通信的吞吐量优化研究. 无线电通信技术, 2025 , 51 (5) : 891 -898 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2025.05.002
Wenwu XIE, Zengjia YUAN, Guilin LI, Yiming LI, Jie HUANG, Zhenwei ZHOU. Throughput Optimization of Active STAR-RIS Assisted Wireless Powered Communication Network[J]. Radio Communications Technology, 2025 , 51 (5) : 891 -898 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2025.05.002
随着通信技术的迅速发展,对于通信速率的要求逐步提高,通信时所消耗的能量也越来越多。在一些偏远地区通信时,能量供应已经成为一个迫在眉睫的问题。为了适应时代发展,WPCN受到了广泛关注。在WPCN中,传感节点通过采集到的能量进行供能和信息传输,从而有效提高了通信系统的能量利用率、增大了通信系统的信息吞吐量[1]。文献[2]提出了一种WPCN协议,用于协调能量采集和信息传递。WPCN的操作可分为2个部分:下行无线功率传输,各节点吸收基站发射的能量;上行无线信息传输,各节点利用第一部分收集的能量来发射信号[3]。WPCN通过2个部分协同合作,能有效提升系统的资源分配效率和信息传输能力[4]
近年来,RIS因可以优化无线通信的频谱和能源效率,得到了广泛应用。RIS通过对入射信号反射来有效提高通信系统的性能,同时建立视线链路来提高感测性能[5]。RIS研究仅支持同侧用户通信,限制了设备部署和实时通信效率[6],无源STARRIS(Passive STAR-RIS,PSTAR-RIS)提出了解决方案,但仍存在双衰落效应,导致信号损耗严重[7]。文献[8-9]提出了PSTAR-RIS的模型,并分析了PSTAR-RIS和传统RIS系统的分集增益,提出了PSTAR-RIS的3种工作方案,即ES、模式切换(Mode Switching,MS)和TS。考虑到双衰落的影响,将WPCN与ASTAR-RIS进行结合,既解决了系统中的无线设备能量受阻的问题,又进一步提升了系统的通信性能。
当前已有将RIS与WPCN结合的研究,文献[10]研究了在WPCN系统中加入RIS的最大化通信速率的问题,结果表明RIS辅助WPCN相较于传统的WPCN的性能更佳。文献[11]结合了RIS、WPCN和NOMA,研究通信系统的最大上行数据量问题,表明该方案能满足更多级别的服务需求。文献[12]研究了在信息进行全双工通信下RIS辅助WPCN系统的吞吐量问题,表明RIS辅助能有效增强WPCN系统的性能。以上研究证明了RIS和WPCN系统结合的可行性,并对系统性能有较为明显的提升。文献[13]研究了STAR-RIS辅助的无人机搭载WPCN系统,并优化了在上行信息传输过程中信息量,表明该方案优于传统方案。文献[14]研究了RIS辅助WPCN和SWIPT的通信系统,模拟在现实信道状态的情况下,对信道采用鲁棒分析方法,分析通信系统的能量和通信传输性能,得到了更为节能环保的通信系统。
ASTAR-RIS相较传统的RIS能更好地提升通信系统性能。文献[15]引入ASTAR-RIS以提高非正交多址(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)网络辅助下行链路通信的多用户网络的系统性能,结果表明ASTAR-RIS辅助明显优于传统RIS。文献[16]研究了ASTAR-RIS在提高多用户无线网络的能量和速率方面的应用,结果表明ASTAR-RIS能够兼顾能量可持续性和提高吞吐量性能。文献[17]研究了ASTAR-RIS辅助的NOMA中最大化通信速率问题,提出了3种不同的操作协议,结果表明ASTAR-RIS对于NOMA网络的性能提升优于加入RIS和PSTAR-RIS,并且应用TS协议优于应用ES和MS协议。
然而,现阶段仅研究了RIS辅助WPCN通信系统,通常情况下ASTAR-RIS对于通信系统的提升也显著大于RIS。因此,本文提出了ASTAR-RIS辅助WPCN通信系统,在保留RIS和PSTAR-RIS对于WPCN的通信与供能性能提升的优势下,还能大大减小传统RIS和PSTAR-RIS对于WPCN通信系统的负面影响。本文主要创新有:①研究ASTAR-RIS辅助的通信系统,并将其分为2个工作阶段,且在每个工作阶段应用不同的工作模式,不同的工作模式能有效提升通信系统的性能。②根据2个工作阶段的工作特点,提出了一个非凸优化问题,其优化目标为最大化通信系统的吞吐量。针对这个非凸问题,先将原问题分为2个子问题,再进行分别迭代求解。在交替优化的基础上,分别利用SDR和FP进行子问题的优化并得到最优解。③通过仿真模拟可知,引入ASTAR-RIS能大大提升WPCN通信系统的性能表现,并且与以往引入传统RIS和PSTARRIS辅助WPCN通信系统相比,ASTAR-RIS对系统性能提升更为显著。
本文所构建的系统由一个PS、2个传感器、一个ASTAR-RIS和一个AP组成,系统模型如图1所示。PS仅配置一根天线,ASTAR-RIS含有M个单元,每个传感器上都有K个传感节点。ASTAR-RIS部署在2个传感器节点之间。如图2所示,该模型的工作模型主要分为WET和WIT阶段。考虑ASTAR-RIS的3种操作协议在WPCN系统中的适配问题,本文WET阶段采用ES协议,WIT阶段采用TS协议。在WIT阶段,为了避免节点组之间的信息干扰,引入时分多址接入技术。在一个传输周期T内,WET阶段节点组1(SNG1,S1),节点组2(SNG2,S2)的能量采集在时隙τ0内;WIT阶段中,S1进行信息传输在(∀k∈[1,K])内,S2进行信息传输在时隙(∀k∈[1,K])内。假设系统的所有信道都服从莱斯分布,且信道状态信息已知,以下为各信道的参数[18]:
式中:为大尺度衰落,+为小尺度衰落,∀a{PS-RISRIS-S1,RIS-S2,S1-RISS2-RISRIS-AP},视距(Line of Sight,LOS)、非视距(Non Line of Sight,NLOS)传输,从PS到S1/S2、S1/S2到AP的直连链路同样服从莱斯衰落。
在WET阶段,系统采用ES协议,ASTAR-RIS的透射和反射相移对角矩阵可以表示为:
式中:∈[0,2π),∀mM+βmax∈[0,βmax],βmax ≥1。在时隙τ0内,传感节点组S1和S2接收的能量信号为:
式中:pp表示PS的发射功率,xp表示AP的能量信号,E[|xp|2]=1,ns表示ASTAR-RIS产生的高斯白噪声,σ1σ2表示S1、S2的加性高斯白噪声,σ(1,2)CN(0,σ2)。在τ0时隙内,S1、S2中的第k个节点采集的能量表示为:
ASTAR-RIS消耗的能量表示为:
在WIT阶段,系统采用TS协议,其透射相移和反射相移为:
式中:∈[0,2π],∀k∈[1,K],+βmax∈[0,βmax]。基站接收到来自S1、S2的信号可以表示为:
S1和S2进行信息上传所消耗的能量表示为:
在AP处接收到的来自传感S1、S2的第k个节点的信息传输速率为:
本文目标是在符合设备发射功率约束以及S1、S2服务质量约束的情况下,联合优化能量采集时长τ0,信息传输时间段,ASTAR-RIS的相移振幅,使系统在AP处的吞吐量最大化。系统模型的优化问题(P1)可以写为:
在优化问题(P1)中,目标函数表示在满足约束的前提下,使得系统的吞吐量最大化;式(15a)和式(15h)是时间分配约束和非负线性约束,表示能量接收阶段和信息传递阶段的时间总和不能超过一个时隙周期;式(15b)和式(15c)分别表示对上行链路WIT阶段RIS的放大功率以及在下行链路WET阶段RIS的放大功率的约束;式(15d)为ASTARRIS的振幅约束;式(15e)表示服务质量约束,对于每个节点的信噪比大于一个信噪比的最小值,以此来确保信息能被AP接收;式(15f)和式(15g)表示能量关系约束,即在信息传输阶段的发射功率不能超过在能量采集阶段获得的能量。由于ASTARRIS的使用让反射相移矩阵变量和发射功率变量相互耦合,使优化问题(P1)是非凸问题。
为了简化和方便问题求解,WIT阶段的ASTAR-RIS的相移幅度改写为,∀l∈{t,r}。同样WET阶段ASTAR-RIS的相移幅度变换为v0,l=,∀l∈{t,r}。则可将S1、S2的信息传输速率简写为:
式中:Q1,k=diag(|[h1,k]1|2,|[h1,k]2|2,…,|[h1,k]N|2),Q2,k=diag(|[h2,k]1|2,|[h2,k]2|2,…,|[h2,k]N|2)。通过上述转换,问题(P1.1)可以表示为:
式中:Q3,k=diag(|[g1,k]1|2,|[g1,k]2|2,…,|[g1,k]N|2),Q4,k=diag(|[g2,k]1|2,|[g2,k]2|2,…,|[g2,k]N|2),Q5=diag(|[g0]1|2,|[g0]2|2,…,|[g0]N|2)。该问题由于相移和发射功率之间仍然是耦合状态,还是具有非凸性,所以问题还是非凸问题,并不能直接进行求解。
通过数学转换简化原问题,将其分解为2个子问题。使用交替优化算法进行迭代循环优化,并最终针对2个子问题应用不同的优化方法进行求解。
在给定WIT阶段相移vk,tvk,r的情况下,为了方便计算,由于每个设备的信号干扰加噪声比是恒定值,则用公式来代替恒定值。,其中,∀l∈{t,r}。Q1,k=diag(|[h1,k]1|2,|[h1,k]2|2,…,|[h1,k]N|2),h2,k),Q2,k=diag(|[h2,k]1|2,|[h2,k]1|2,…,|[h2,k]N|2)。引入辅助变量fk,tfk,r,同时令fk,t=。将相移系数进行转换:=W0,l=τ0V0,l,∀l∈{t,r}。同时满足条件,即新生成的矩阵是半正定矩阵,其矩阵秩也要满足rankW0,l)=1,tr(W0,l)=τ0。通过上面的操作,进而可以将问题表示为:
式中:=diag(|[g1,k]1|2,|[g1,k]2|2,…,|[g1,k]N|2,1),=diag(|[g2,k]1|2,|[g2,k]2|2,…,|[g2,k]N|2,1),=diag(|[g0]1|2,|[g0]2|2,…,|[g0]N|2,1),
在给定WIT阶段相移情况下,γk,tγk,r为恒定值,那么目标函数是关于fk,t的联合凹函数,目标函数是2个凹函数的和形式,因此目标函数也是凹函数。由于凹函数大于等于常数的形式是凸约束,所以用户服务质量约束也是凸约束。除了秩一约束(19h)以外,其他约束为线性的,所以都是凸约束。通过SDR将难处理的非凸的秩一约束进行松弛化处理,所以该问题是一个标准的凸半定规划问题,为了更好地处理这类问题,可以借助凸优化工具箱中的CVX进行优化求解[19]
但若松弛处理后最优解不满足rankW0,l)=1,∀l∈{t,r},则要使用高斯随机化进行构造秩一解。通过V0,l=W0,l0V0,l还原出来,对所求的次优解进行特征值分解,其过程如下所示:
式中:表示问题(P1.2)经过高斯随机化后的次优解,rCN0IM+1)表示均值为零、协方差为I的随机向量。随机进行一两次求解得到的值具有偶然性,高斯随机化都会进行大量次数的实验,再选择一个让目标函数能够达到最大值的解。由于通过高斯随机化构造出的次优解不一定会满足相移振幅约束,所以要对次优解进行归一化操作,其归一化操作过程如下所示:
相移以及振幅可以由下式求出:
由于高斯随机化复杂度高、收敛慢,为了能够更好地使目标函数收敛,不同于传统的在每次迭代收敛后进行高斯随机化,而是在交替优化完2个子问题后再进行收敛性判断,收敛后再进行高斯随机化来重构秩一解。
由于在WIT阶段采用的是用户自适应IRS波束形成协议,允许有ASTAR-RIS在上行链路信息传递中重新配置其相移矢量K次,并且每个相移对应一个设备。其相移变量与其他变量具有独立性,对于WIT阶段的最优解vk,tvk,r可以通过并行求解2K个子问题独立获得。由于上一步已经获得了能量传输阶段的相移,传输时间以及发射功率的优化解,要想获得每一个最优解vk,tvk,r,将其分为K个独立的子问题,就可以通过最大化目标函数的信噪比来获得最优解。通过采用分式规划方法来进行处理[20]。引入辅助变量求解vk,tK个子问题可以表述为:
引入辅助变量,求解vk,rK个子问题可以表述为:
最优解可以通过对目标函数求其一阶导设置为零获得:
通过更新后的求解问题可以获得vk,tvk,r的最优解,然后通过交替优化,直到目标函数值收敛。优化流程如算法1所示。
本文PS的发射功率Pp=17 dBm,ASTAR-RIS处的功率最大值PRIS,max=17 dBm,振幅放大因子βmax=40 dB,ASTAR-RIS元件的数量设置为M=20,S1和S2中的传感器数量K=4。噪声设置为σ=-120 dBm,节点速率阈值R0=0.1。
图3给出了系统吞吐量性能随总发射功率的变化图。ASTAR-RIS方案将系统总功率设置为Pp=PRIS,max=Ptotal/2,其他方案将系统总功率设置为Ptotal=Pp,可以看出所有方案的系统吞吐量都是随着系统总发射功率的增加而增加,增加基站发射功率可以提高无线设备接收到的能量,从而为WIT阶段的信息传输提供更多能量。ASTAR-RIS方案在总发射功率为40 dBm达到最优,其峰值可以达到17 dBm/Hz,比PSTAR-RIS方案还要高1 dBm/Hz。ASTAR-RIS利用信号的反射、透射和放大为全空间的所有无线设备提供服务,利用从无线信号中获取的能量来放大入射信号,减轻双衰落效应,提高级联链路信道增益,从而提高了系统性能。
图4展示了随着ASTAR-RIS的反射单元元件数量的变化,不同方案下系统吞吐性能的变化情况。可以看出,随着反射单元数量的增加,系统具有更高的阵列增益,可以形成更高的波束成形增益,因此RIS的方案都具有提升系统性能的效果;具有ASTAR-RIS的方案对系统性能的提升明显优于传统RIS和PSTAR-RIS的方案,ASTAR-RIS由于部署更多的元件用于透射和反射操作,因此具有更大的自由度来操纵信号传播,实现全空间覆盖,从而提高系统的通信性能。
图5展示了随着WET阶段和WIT阶段的传输时间变化,系统吞吐量性能的变化情况。可以看出,所有方案随着传输时间的增加,系统吞吐性能也在不断增加。这是因为随着传输时间的增加,各阶段能够得到更多的时间进行能量传输与信息传递,对系统性能的提升会更加显著。ASTAR-RIS辅助方案是所有仿真方案中对系统性能提升最为显著的,在传输时间为17 s时,其系统吞吐量能够达到280 dBm/Hz,并且随着时间的增加,与其他方案之间的性能差距在不断增大。随着传输时间的增加,ASTAR-RIS通过放大入射信号,在减轻级联信道双衰落效应的同时,增强了信号传输强度。这种增强使其在WET阶段能够获得更多的能量,在WIT阶段有更多的时间进行信息交互。综合这些方面的正向促进作用,使系统性能有显著提升。
本文研究了在无线通信系统中ASTAR-RIS辅助WPCN系统的吞吐量最大化问题。首先将问题根据耦合变量分为2个子问题,然后在交替优化算法的基础之上,利用半定松弛和分式规划分别求解这2个部分变量的最优解,最后通过多次循环迭代得到最大吞吐量。仿真结果表明,与其他基准方案相比,本文提出的通信方案可以显著提升系统的吞吐量。
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2025年第51卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2025.05.002
  • 接收时间:2025-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-04-17
  • 出版时间:2025-09-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22
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    1.湖南理工学院 信息科学与工程学院, 湖南 岳阳 414006
    2.湖南六九零六信息科技股份有限公司,湖南 岳阳 414006

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李一鸣 女,(1979—),硕士,副教授。主要研究方向:计算机应用技术。
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