Article(id=1251893505136738722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1003-3114.2025.05.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776404270681, onlineDateStr=2026-04-17, pubDate=1758124800000, pubDateStr=2025-09-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776404270681, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776404270680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776404270680, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251893504037831074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, year='2025', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='877', pageEnd='1134', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776404270419, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776404832543, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251895861849043019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251895861849043020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, issueId=1251893504037831074, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=911, endPage=918, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251893507024175530, articleId=1251893505136738722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, language=EN, title=Joint Robust Beamforming Design for IRS-assisted Physical Layer Key Generation Under Hardware Impairments, columnId=1251893506944483753, journalTitle=Radio Communications Technology, columnName=Special Topic: 6G and IoT Technologies, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This paper investigates an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-assisted Physical-layer Key Generation (PKG) system under residual Transceiver Hardware Impairments(THI). A closed-form expression for the Key Generation Rate(KGR) is derived, and a KGR maximization problem is formulated under the base station transmit power constraint and the unit-modulus constraint on the IRS phase shifts. To solve this problem, a robust optimization algorithm is proposed, which integrates Alternating Optimization(AO), Successive Convex Approximation (SCA), Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR), and penalty methods to iteratively optimize the transmit beamforming and IRS phase shifts. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed robust algorithm can effectively mitigate the impact of hardware impairments and improve the KGR.
, correspAuthors=Shaochuan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi WANG, Shaochuan YANG, Fei ZHAO, Baofeng JI, Zheng CHU, Chunguo LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1251893543707558576, articleId=1251893505136738722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, language=CN, title=硬件损伤情况下IRS辅助密钥生成系统鲁棒波束赋形设计, columnId=1251893507133227435, journalTitle=无线电通信技术, columnName=专题:6G与物联网技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
研究了存在残余收发信机硬件损伤(Transceiver Hardware Impairments,THI)情况下的智能反射面(Intelligent Reflecting Surface,IRS)辅助的物理层密钥生成(Physical-layer Key Generation,PKG)系统,推导了密钥生成速率(Key Generation Rate,KGR)的闭合表达式,并在基站发射功率约束和IRS相位偏移单位模约束下,构建了KGR最大化问题。为求解该问题,提出了一种鲁棒优化算法,该算法结合了交替优化(Alternating Optimization,AO)、逐次凸逼近(Successive Convex Approximation,SCA)、半定松弛(Semi-Definite Relaxation,SDR)和惩罚方法,迭代优化发射波束成形和IRS相移。仿真结果表明,所提鲁棒算法能够有效对抗硬件损伤、提升KGR。
, correspAuthors=杨少川, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨少川 男,(1989—),博士,讲师。主要研究方向:IRS辅助无线通信、物理层安全、能效通信等。
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王毅 男,(1984—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:大规模MIMO、能效通信、无人机辅助通信、IRS辅助无线通信、物理层安全等。
赵飞 男,(1985—),博士,讲师。主要研究方向:IRS辅助无线通信、NOMA、能效通信等。
冀保峰 男,(1985—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:智能系统、移动通信、通感算控一体化。
楚征 男,(1986—),博士,助理教授。主要研究方向:移动通信、通感一体化、IRS辅助无线通信、物理层安全、SWIPT等。
李春国 男,(1983—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:6G蜂窝通信、网络空间安全、人工智能、计算机视觉等。
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1, 2, 3, address=
1.School of Electronics and Information, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2.Henan Key Laboratory of General Aviation Technology, Zhengzhou 450046 China
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1.郑州航空工业管理学院 电子信息学院,河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省通用航空技术重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046
3.航空航天电子信息技术河南省协同创新中心,河南 郑州 450046, bio={"content":"
王毅 男,(1984—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:大规模MIMO、能效通信、无人机辅助通信、IRS辅助无线通信、物理层安全等。
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王毅 男,(1984—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:大规模MIMO、能效通信、无人机辅助通信、IRS辅助无线通信、物理层安全等。
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1.School of Electronics and Information, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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1.郑州航空工业管理学院 电子信息学院,河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省通用航空技术重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046
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1, 2, 3, address=
1.School of Electronics and Information, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2.Henan Key Laboratory of General Aviation Technology, Zhengzhou 450046 China
3.Collaborative Innovation Center of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electronic Information Technology Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1251895547137831695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, authorId=1251895545426555650, language=CN, stringName=赵飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=
1.郑州航空工业管理学院 电子信息学院,河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省通用航空技术重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046
3.航空航天电子信息技术河南省协同创新中心,河南 郑州 450046, bio={"content":"
赵飞 男,(1985—),博士,讲师。主要研究方向:IRS辅助无线通信、NOMA、能效通信等。
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赵飞 男,(1985—),博士,讲师。主要研究方向:IRS辅助无线通信、NOMA、能效通信等。
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4, address=
4.College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1251895547464987425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, authorId=1251895547276243734, language=CN, stringName=冀保峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
4, address=
4.河南科技大学 信息工程学院,河南 洛阳 471023, bio={"content":"
冀保峰 男,(1985—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:智能系统、移动通信、通感算控一体化。
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冀保峰 男,(1985—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:智能系统、移动通信、通感算控一体化。
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4.河南科技大学 信息工程学院,河南 洛阳 471023)])]), Author(id=1251895547557262117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1251895547636953898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, authorId=1251895547557262117, language=EN, stringName=Zheng CHU, firstName=Zheng, middleName=null, lastName=CHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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5.宁波诺丁汉大学 电器与电子工程学院,浙江 宁波 315100, bio={"content":"
楚征 男,(1986—),博士,助理教授。主要研究方向:移动通信、通感一体化、IRS辅助无线通信、物理层安全、SWIPT等。
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楚征 男,(1986—),博士,助理教授。主要研究方向:移动通信、通感一体化、IRS辅助无线通信、物理层安全、SWIPT等。
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6.School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1251895548047995708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, authorId=1251895547825697588, language=CN, stringName=李春国, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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6.东南大学 信息科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 210096, bio={"content":"
李春国 男,(1983—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:6G蜂窝通信、网络空间安全、人工智能、计算机视觉等。
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李春国 男,(1983—),博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:6G蜂窝通信、网络空间安全、人工智能、计算机视觉等。
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6.东南大学 信息科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 210096)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1251895548211573570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=hardware impairments), Keyword(id=1251895548266099525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=key generation), Keyword(id=1251895548354179913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=IRS), Keyword(id=1251895548429677388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=AO), Keyword(id=1251895548534534994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=硬件损伤), Keyword(id=1251895548601643861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=密钥生成), Keyword(id=1251895548714890071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=智能反射面), Keyword(id=1251895548807164762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=交替优化)], refs=[Reference(id=1251895551936115600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=43, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=黄开枝, 金梁, 钟州, journalName=中兴通讯技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄开枝,金梁,钟州.5G物理层安全技术——以通信促安全[J].
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IRS-assisted key generation system under hardware impairments, figureFileSmall=CK7V7rC+dGPcFMY590FPqA==, figureFileBig=dDKAfyfed6Vm0b+v45Y6+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895549176263525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
硬件损伤情况下IRS辅助的密钥生成系统, figureFileSmall=CK7V7rC+dGPcFMY590FPqA==, figureFileBig=dDKAfyfed6Vm0b+v45Y6+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895549377590121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Convergence behavior of the proposed robust algorithm, figureFileSmall=8q+IZpxU63gd4mLtA1P/Dw==, figureFileBig=sM/uzhT/QHP4c6e9bTosxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895549465670509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
所提鲁棒算法的收敛性, figureFileSmall=8q+IZpxU63gd4mLtA1P/Dw==, figureFileBig=sM/uzhT/QHP4c6e9bTosxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895549545362289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
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Relationship between KGR and the number of IRS reflecting elements, figureFileSmall=U+/cKiy/IhoBMlqzuwnViA==, figureFileBig=NghvJH6tHddhHQf/vws3aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895549826380666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
KGR与IRS反射单元数量的关系, figureFileSmall=U+/cKiy/IhoBMlqzuwnViA==, figureFileBig=NghvJH6tHddhHQf/vws3aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895549893489532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Relationship between KGR and hardware impairment level under fixed hardware cost, figureFileSmall=dcvDECT0huI2n9iH6qn9Eg==, figureFileBig=ztGE74x8u1eRv8FPanza0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895549964792703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
硬件成本固定时KGR与硬件损伤程度的关系, figureFileSmall=dcvDECT0huI2n9iH6qn9Eg==, figureFileBig=ztGE74x8u1eRv8FPanza0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895551541851011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Relationship between KGR and the Rician factor, figureFileSmall=OKISUd6jwUkFZeRAezj6JA==, figureFileBig=AdEKSmoyDXD1yeyLq58+HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895551608959877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
KGR与莱斯因子的关系, figureFileSmall=OKISUd6jwUkFZeRAezj6JA==, figureFileBig=AdEKSmoyDXD1yeyLq58+HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251895551697040265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
|
|---|
参数初始化:设置初始值{W(t)=w(t)(w(t))H,Q(t)= },t=i= 0; |
| 1:外循环t: |
| 2:给定{Wt,Qt},通过求解式(28)更新Wt+1; |
3:设置 =Qt和惩罚因子κ; |
| 4:内循环i; |
5:给定{Wt+1, },通过求解式(37)获得 ; |
| 6:更新κ=τκ,i=i+1; |
7:直到 ≤ε2,退出内循环; |
8:更新Qt+1=Qi,t=t+1计算 ; |
9:直到 ≤ε1,停止外循环; |
| 10:利用特征值分解由W*和Q*得到w*和θ*。 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251895551776732042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234473337991274, articleId=1251893505136738722, language=CN, label=算法1, caption=
求解式(19)的KGR最大化鲁棒联合优化算法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
|
|---|
参数初始化:设置初始值{W(t)=w(t)(w(t))H,Q(t)= },t=i= 0; |
| 1:外循环t: |
| 2:给定{Wt,Qt},通过求解式(28)更新Wt+1; |
3:设置 =Qt和惩罚因子κ; |
| 4:内循环i; |
5:给定{Wt+1, },通过求解式(37)获得 ; |
| 6:更新κ=τκ,i=i+1; |
7:直到 ≤ε2,退出内循环; |
8:更新Qt+1=Qi,t=t+1计算 ; |
9:直到 ≤ε1,停止外循环; |
| 10:利用特征值分解由W*和Q*得到w*和θ*。 |
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