Article(id=1251856521399841289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234268282663017, issueId=1251856520619700745, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1003-3106.2025.11.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776395453071, onlineDateStr=2026-04-17, pubDate=1762272000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776395453071, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776395453071, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776395453071, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251856520619700745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234268282663017, year='2025', volume='55', issue='11', pageStart='2131', pageEnd='2324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776395452885, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776395571911, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251857019939013255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234268282663017, issueId=1251856520619700745, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251857019939013256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234268282663017, issueId=1251856520619700745, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2227, endPage=2235, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251856523329221136, articleId=1251856521399841289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234268282663017, language=EN, title=Design of a Dual-frequency Omnidirectional Dual-circularly-polarized, columnId=1251856522888823482, journalTitle=Radio Engineering, columnName=Electromagnetic Field and Microwave, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To meet the requirements of half/full duplex communication systems, a dual-frequency omnidirectional dual-circularly-polarized Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna based on magnetic-electric dipole is proposed. It consists of four identical antenna elements symmetrically arranged to form a 2×2 MIMO array, and each antenna element is composed of circular planar waveguide, four folded electric dipoles, and eight parasitic electric dipoles. The slits on the circular planar waveguide and short-circuit cylinders are employed to form four magnetic dipoles on the opening side of the circular planar waveguide, and their radiated E-field is orthogonal to the E-field of the electric dipole. When a 90° phase difference between the magnetic dipole and the electric dipole is realized due to their spatial distance, a left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized wave with 360° coverage can be produced. The results demonstrate that each antenna element can radiate right-handed circularly polarized wave in low bands (2.42~2.47 GHz) and left-handed circularly polarize wave in high band (5.76~5.85 GHz), its Axial Ratio (AR) is less than 3 dB, and the gain fluctuation is less than 2.1 dB and 7.3 dB, respectively. Moreover, the isolation is lower than -30 dB in low band and -50 dB in high band respectively owing to symmetrical distributions between adjacent elements.

, correspAuthors=Zhihong YE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kang LIU, Yingshu WANG, Binyang YAN, Guanghui ZHANG, Ping WANG, Zhihong YE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1251856528471437962, articleId=1251856521399841289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251234268282663017, language=CN, title=基于磁-电偶极子的双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线设计, columnId=1251856523064984252, journalTitle=无线电工程, columnName=电磁场与微波, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为满足半/全双工通信系统需求,提出一种基于磁-电偶极子的双频全向双圆极化多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)天线。该天线由4个相同天线单元对称分布形成2×2 MIMO阵,每一天线单元由圆形平面波导腔、4个折叠偶极子、8个寄生偶极子组成。在圆形平面波导上蚀刻扇形缝和采用短路柱可在弧形开口侧形成磁偶极子,其辐射电场与电偶极子产生的电场正交。当磁偶极子与电偶极子产生90°空间距离相位时,能在水平360°方向辐射左旋或右旋圆极化波。结果表明,该天线在低频段(2.42~2.47 GHz)能产生全向的右旋圆极化波,而在高频段(5.76~5.85 GHz)能产生全向的左旋圆极化波,轴比(Axial Ratio,AR)低于3 dB,水平面增益波动分别低于2.1 dB和7.3 dB。此外,所提MIMO天线通过相互对称布阵,在低频段和高频段的隔离度分别低于-30 dB和-50 dB。

, correspAuthors=叶志红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
叶志红 男,(1988—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:电磁安全、电波传播及智能电磁计算等。
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刘康 男,(1983—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信运行管理、MIMO技术、人工智能技术等。

王颖舒 男,(1984—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力大数据、无线通信技术等。

晏彬洋 男,(1990—),硕士,助理工程师。主要研究方向:人工智能技术、通信信息管理等。

张光辉 男,(1989—),硕士,工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信技术、MIMO通信技术等。

王平 男,(1981—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:能量收集式无线传感器及网络、无线通信与定位、新型天线技术及人工智能逆设计等。

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刘康 男,(1983—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信运行管理、MIMO技术、人工智能技术等。

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刘康 男,(1983—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信运行管理、MIMO技术、人工智能技术等。

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王颖舒 男,(1984—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力大数据、无线通信技术等。

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王颖舒 男,(1984—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力大数据、无线通信技术等。

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晏彬洋 男,(1990—),硕士,助理工程师。主要研究方向:人工智能技术、通信信息管理等。

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晏彬洋 男,(1990—),硕士,助理工程师。主要研究方向:人工智能技术、通信信息管理等。

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张光辉 男,(1989—),硕士,工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信技术、MIMO通信技术等。

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张光辉 男,(1989—),硕士,工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信技术、MIMO通信技术等。

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王平 男,(1981—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:能量收集式无线传感器及网络、无线通信与定位、新型天线技术及人工智能逆设计等。

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王平 男,(1981—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:能量收集式无线传感器及网络、无线通信与定位、新型天线技术及人工智能逆设计等。

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Geometric parameters of dual-frequencydual-circularly-polarized antenna

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参数数值
r1/mm35.5
r2/mm2
r3/mm26.7
r4/mm23.7
w3/mm1
w1/mm1.5
w2/mm0.5
deg1/(°)82
deg2/(°)18.8
deg3/(°)2
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双频双圆极化天线几何参数

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参数数值
r1/mm35.5
r2/mm2
r3/mm26.7
r4/mm23.7
w3/mm1
w1/mm1.5
w2/mm0.5
deg1/(°)82
deg2/(°)18.8
deg3/(°)2
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Performance comparison with other omnidirectional antennas

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文献工作频段/GHz尺寸大小/λ0剖面/mm平面MIMO单元数量极化方式
[2]1.67~2.730.67×0.670.813水平极化
[3]3.6~6.60.6×0.60.54水平极化
[9]1.329,1.5650.5×0.51右手圆极化/右手圆极化
[10]1.69~2.640.67×0.67601右手圆极化
[12]2.4~2.520.25×0.25101右手圆极化
[13]2.38~2.520.6×131是(1×2)2左手圆极化
[15]1.50.375×0.3751.571圆极化
[18]12~12.6,14.1~14.61.64×1.6414.8是(2×2)4左手圆极化/右手圆极化
本文2.42~2.47,5.76~5.851.76×1.762是(2×2)4右手圆极化/左手圆极化
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与其他全向天线性能对比

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文献工作频段/GHz尺寸大小/λ0剖面/mm平面MIMO单元数量极化方式
[2]1.67~2.730.67×0.670.813水平极化
[3]3.6~6.60.6×0.60.54水平极化
[9]1.329,1.5650.5×0.51右手圆极化/右手圆极化
[10]1.69~2.640.67×0.67601右手圆极化
[12]2.4~2.520.25×0.25101右手圆极化
[13]2.38~2.520.6×131是(1×2)2左手圆极化
[15]1.50.375×0.3751.571圆极化
[18]12~12.6,14.1~14.61.64×1.6414.8是(2×2)4左手圆极化/右手圆极化
本文2.42~2.47,5.76~5.851.76×1.762是(2×2)4右手圆极化/左手圆极化
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基于磁-电偶极子的双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线设计
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刘康 1 , 王颖舒 2 , 晏彬洋 1 , 张光辉 1 , 王平 3 , 叶志红 3, *
无线电工程 | 电磁场与微波 2025,55(11): 2227-2235
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无线电工程 | 电磁场与微波 2025, 55(11): 2227-2235
基于磁-电偶极子的双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线设计
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刘康1, 王颖舒2, 晏彬洋1, 张光辉1, 王平3, 叶志红3, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵州电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550002
  • 2.贵州电网有限责任公司贵阳供电局,贵州 贵阳 550001
  • 3.重庆邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院,重庆 400065
  • 刘康 男,(1983—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信运行管理、MIMO技术、人工智能技术等。

    王颖舒 男,(1984—),硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:电力大数据、无线通信技术等。

    晏彬洋 男,(1990—),硕士,助理工程师。主要研究方向:人工智能技术、通信信息管理等。

    张光辉 男,(1989—),硕士,工程师。主要研究方向:电力通信技术、MIMO通信技术等。

    王平 男,(1981—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:能量收集式无线传感器及网络、无线通信与定位、新型天线技术及人工智能逆设计等。

通讯作者:

叶志红 男,(1988—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:电磁安全、电波传播及智能电磁计算等。
Design of a Dual-frequency Omnidirectional Dual-circularly-polarized
Kang LIU1, Yingshu WANG2, Binyang YAN1, Guanghui ZHANG1, Ping WANG3, Zhihong YE3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Power Dispatching and Control Center, Guizhou Power Grid Co. , Ltd. , Guiyang 550002, China
  • 2.Guiyang Power Supply Bureau,Guizhou Power Grid Co. , Ltd. , Guiyang 550001, China
  • 3.School of Communication and Information Engineering,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
出版时间: 2025-11-05 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3106.2025.11.010
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为满足半/全双工通信系统需求,提出一种基于磁-电偶极子的双频全向双圆极化多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)天线。该天线由4个相同天线单元对称分布形成2×2 MIMO阵,每一天线单元由圆形平面波导腔、4个折叠偶极子、8个寄生偶极子组成。在圆形平面波导上蚀刻扇形缝和采用短路柱可在弧形开口侧形成磁偶极子,其辐射电场与电偶极子产生的电场正交。当磁偶极子与电偶极子产生90°空间距离相位时,能在水平360°方向辐射左旋或右旋圆极化波。结果表明,该天线在低频段(2.42~2.47 GHz)能产生全向的右旋圆极化波,而在高频段(5.76~5.85 GHz)能产生全向的左旋圆极化波,轴比(Axial Ratio,AR)低于3 dB,水平面增益波动分别低于2.1 dB和7.3 dB。此外,所提MIMO天线通过相互对称布阵,在低频段和高频段的隔离度分别低于-30 dB和-50 dB。

多输入多输出天线  /  全向天线  /  双频天线  /  圆极化天线  /  磁-电偶极子  /  双圆极化

To meet the requirements of half/full duplex communication systems, a dual-frequency omnidirectional dual-circularly-polarized Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna based on magnetic-electric dipole is proposed. It consists of four identical antenna elements symmetrically arranged to form a 2×2 MIMO array, and each antenna element is composed of circular planar waveguide, four folded electric dipoles, and eight parasitic electric dipoles. The slits on the circular planar waveguide and short-circuit cylinders are employed to form four magnetic dipoles on the opening side of the circular planar waveguide, and their radiated E-field is orthogonal to the E-field of the electric dipole. When a 90° phase difference between the magnetic dipole and the electric dipole is realized due to their spatial distance, a left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized wave with 360° coverage can be produced. The results demonstrate that each antenna element can radiate right-handed circularly polarized wave in low bands (2.42~2.47 GHz) and left-handed circularly polarize wave in high band (5.76~5.85 GHz), its Axial Ratio (AR) is less than 3 dB, and the gain fluctuation is less than 2.1 dB and 7.3 dB, respectively. Moreover, the isolation is lower than -30 dB in low band and -50 dB in high band respectively owing to symmetrical distributions between adjacent elements.

MIMO antenna  /  omnidirectional antenna  /  dual-frequency antenna  /  circularly polarized antenna  /  magnetic-electric dipole  /  dual circular polarization
刘康, 王颖舒, 晏彬洋, 张光辉, 王平, 叶志红. 基于磁-电偶极子的双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线设计. 无线电工程, 2025 , 55 (11) : 2227 -2235 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3106.2025.11.010
Kang LIU, Yingshu WANG, Binyang YAN, Guanghui ZHANG, Ping WANG, Zhihong YE. Design of a Dual-frequency Omnidirectional Dual-circularly-polarized[J]. Radio Engineering, 2025 , 55 (11) : 2227 -2235 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3106.2025.11.010
全向天线因在某一平面内具有360°等通量覆盖,在遥感遥测、无人飞行器导航、卫星通信/移动通信等方面得到了广泛应用[1-3]。此外,圆极化天线广泛应用到现代无线通信系统中,能降低复杂多径环境的影响,克服极化不匹配丢失[4-7],提升系统在动态环境中的可靠性。因此,近年来全向圆极化天线已被众多学者关注,研制出多款全向圆极化天线。例如,文献[8]提出将单极天线包裹一层极化转换的天线罩,可将单极天线产生的全向线极化场转换成全向圆极化场。2013年,爱尔兰都柏林理工大学Narbudowicz等[9]提出在背对背贴片上蚀刻正交的槽线以及在槽线中间嵌入4个电容,实现了低频比的双频全向圆极化天线。随后,文献[10]提出利用多个45°倾斜偶极子形成圆环阵,并紧邻偶极子寄生一个微带偶极子,也实现了全向圆极化天线。2019年,西安电子科技大学王晨阳等[11]基于磁-电偶极子研究设计出小型化的全向圆极化天线,口径面尺寸减少到3λ以内,剖面尺寸为9.1 mm。2024年, Positano等[12]提出利用微带环与微带偶极子合成全向圆极化天线。该天线产生了4.9%的3 dB AR带宽。然而,这些天线要么仅有一个工作频带,要么未集成MIMO技术,在移动通信领域的应用有限。
为了实现圆极化的MIMO天线,华南理工大学Hu等[13]设计了一种基于介质谐振器的圆极化MIMO天线,虽然通过金属条实现了高隔离度,但天线剖面较高且辐射方向图均匀性不足,限制了在紧凑空间中的应用。文献[14]基于介质谐振器天线也开发出圆极化MIMO天线,通过将一定厚度的介质层覆盖或包裹MIMO天线,可获得较低的阵元间距,但该MIMO天线的最大辐射方向偏离水平方向,而且剖面较高。2021年,Kumar等[15]提出了4端口全向圆极化MIMO天线,由3个不同工作频段的全向圆极化天线组成。2023年,Zhang等[16]基于单极天线和蚀刻缝隙产生近似全向圆极化MIMO天线,其尺寸较小,阵元间耦合低。同年,文献[17]基于柱介质谐振器研究设计出3端口全向圆极化天线,充分应用了柱介质谐振器能产生2个具有90°相位差的HEM21δ模式,可实现左/右圆极化波。然而,这些天线仅具有单频、单圆极化特性。因在车载卫星半/全双工通信系统中,需要2个相邻频段同时/非同时进行信号的接收和发射,例如下行链路采用低频段信号,而上行链路采用高频段信号,要求2个相邻频段的信号间隔离度高,因而双频双圆极化天线是最合适的天线结构[18]。因此,研究双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线仍然是非常必要的。
本文设计了一种基于磁-电偶极子的双频全向圆极化MIMO天线,充分利用同平面磁偶极子和电偶极子的极化正交特性[19],通过它们之间的空间距离可满足90°相位差。同时,采用寄生电偶极子实现双频双圆极化波、折叠偶极子减少天线单元尺寸,以及采用对称分布的2×2阵列结构降低阵元间的耦合。该双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线能够在各种无线通信、无人飞行器平台得到广泛应用。
图1给出了建议的双频全向双圆极化天线,其由低频天线与高频天线共享口径合成。天线蚀刻在一块单层2 mm厚的Rogers RT/duroid 5880介质板上,介电常数为2.2,尺寸为0.6λ0×0.6λ0λ0为最低工作频段对应的真空中波长)。如图1(a)所示,低频天线由磁偶极子和电偶极子组成,其中磁偶极子由上层扇形贴片与底层圆形贴片形成开口平面波导而产生,底层圆贴片通过4个在0°、90°、180°、270°方向的短路柱与上层扇形贴片连接。每个扇形贴片通过在圆贴片上刻蚀4条扇形狭缝,形成4个对称的短路扇形平面波导,侧面孔径的辐射会相互抵消,仅弧形一侧作为有效辐射开口,形成磁偶极子。该扇形平面波导主要激励TM01模式,其电场呈轴对称分布,主分量沿垂直方向(Ez)。对应的磁流在xOy平面沿360°(φ角度向)环形分布,形成等效的环形磁流,在方位面形成全向辐射。
L-型电偶极子与底层圆贴片连接,形成电偶极子。为实现天线的小型化,L-型电偶极子与底层圆贴片连接处设计为多次折叠结构,可有效缩小结构尺寸,使低频天线结构更为紧凑。L-型电偶极子辐射电场与磁偶极子辐射电场正交,通过调制电偶极子和磁偶极子的距离相位达到满足圆极化需要的90度相位差。如图1(b)所示,高频天线也是磁-电偶极子共口径天线,其中磁偶极子也由上层扇形贴片与底层圆形贴片形成,而电偶极子通过在上层贴片外围加载弧形微带线,并通过直径为0.5 mm的短路圆柱短接到底层圆贴片而成。该复合结构实现了高低频天线的口径共享与极化调控协同设计,不仅保证2个频段的独立工作与良好隔离,还有效避免了传统双层结构中因堆叠而带来的剖面高度增加问题,使天线具有低剖面、小型化、双频、全向、圆极化特性,结构参数如表1所示。
为实现稳定的圆极化辐射,短路柱与单元间狭缝协同起到关键作用。短路柱连接上下贴片,限制电场切向分量,激励产生TM01模式,有效增强θ向极化分量的稳定性。狭缝则抑制板间高阶模的产生,同时确保正交极化分量的幅度与相位满足圆极化条件。二者协同确保形成2个幅度相等、相差90°的正交极化分量,是实现全向圆极化的关键。
采用电磁仿真软件(ANSYS HFSS 19.0)对天线进行建模与分析。图2给出该天线仿真的电压驻波比(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio,VSWR)曲线和AR曲线。值得注意,因最低AR方向轻微偏离水平面,故图2给出的各频点AR为此方向的数值,而非水平面内的AR。由图2可以看出,该天线在2.40~2.45 GHz和5.76~5.85 GHz VSWR均小于2,展现出在双频段具有良好匹配。在2.4~2.48 GHz和5.76~5.82 GHz频段AR均小于3 dB。这些结果表明该天线具有双频圆极化辐射特性。
图3给出了该天线分别在2.4 GHz和5.8 GHz两个频点的辐射方向图(xOy平面)和三维的方向图。可以看出,在2个频点呈现出360°等通量辐射,增益波动低于0.63 dB,可满足全向覆盖。然而,在5.8 GHz频点的增益辐射方向图不圆度高于在2.4 GHz频点的增益方向图不圆度,增益波动低于0.63 dB,这是因为在该频点相邻磁-电偶极子之间间距的电长度更大。
图4给出了在2.4 GHz和5.8 GHz频点不同时刻t的电场和表面电流分布(T为振荡周期)。由图4(a)可知,在2.4 GHz,t=0时电场主要集中在圆形波导腔开口孔径,电流集中在上下圆形贴片上,而弧形折叠臂上基本没有表面电流流动,因此天线通过开口孔径在方位平面内的所有方向辐射θ极化波。在t=T/4时,开口孔径上的电荷完全放电,导致如图4(b)所示的表面电流流动,天线通过沿弧形带状臂的圆周表面电流辐射φ极化波。在t=T/2时,开口孔径再次完全充电,如图4(c)所示,天线辐射的θ极化波与图4(a)中的情况相比极化方向相反。在t=3T/4时,开口孔径上的电荷再次完全放电,导致如图4(d)所示的电流流动,天线辐射的φ极化波与图4(b)中的情况相比极化方向相反。由于φ极化电场分量相位滞后θ极化分量90°,低频段形成右旋圆极化。类似地,高频段可产生左旋圆极化辐射,不再重复叙述。
图5展现了建议的双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线。天线由4个相同的天线按照中心线对称分布,即第1单元和第4单元具有相同极化,而第2单元和第3单元具有相同极化。阵元之间的间距d=140 mm,介质板的大小w1=220 mm,厚度h=2 mm。
为验证设计,采用标准印制电路板工艺加工制作了提出的MIMO天线,样品如图6(a)所示。在微波暗室环境中测试反射系数、辐射方向图、AR等参数,在微波暗室中的实测场景如图6(b)所示。
包络相关系数(Envelope Correlation Coefficient, ECC)是评估MIMO系统中不同天线单元在不同频率上相关性的关键指标,其由S参数计算,如式(1)所示。分集增益(Diversity Gain,DG)描述了MIMO系统对抗信道衰落的性能,可通过式(2)计算。图7给出了ECC和DG参数曲线,ECC低于-38 dB,DG值较高,接近10 dB。DG值较大表示MIMO天线具有较好的性能。因此,建议的MIMO天线具有极低的ECC和较大的DG。
信道容量损失(Channel Capacity Loss,CCL)估计在通信信道无损耗下可实现的最大消息传输量。在高信噪比条件下,CCL可通过S参数推导得出,具体表达如下:
图8给出了CCL曲线。MIMO天线在双频段内CCL均维持在较低水平,接近0。
平均有效增益(Mean Effective Gain,MEG)定义为分集天线接收的功率与各向同性天线功率的比值,其可以在端口i和端口j处通过式(4)计算。计算的平均有效增益及其比值如图9所示(v定义为任意2天线MEG的比值)。由图可知,在双频带内MEG值为-3.53~-2.54 dB,且MEGiMEGj的比值小于1 dB,低于MIMO系统要求的3 dB限值。综上,该MIMO天线设计方案具有良好的性能。
MEGiMEGj的比率可以计算为:图10给出了单元1和单元3在2.4、5.8 GHz频点水平面(xOy平面)测试与仿真的方向图。在低频段,实测与仿真方向图均呈现出良好的全向性,方向图的不圆度在仿真结果中低于1.4 dB,实测结果低于2.1 dB。在高频段,方向图的不圆度稍微增大,仿真不圆度为6.5 dB,实测值为7.3 dB,但二者均保持了全向辐射特征及极化特性。由此可见,该MIMO天线在双频段内均能维持全向辐射。实测与仿真结果具有较小的差异,可能源于加工过程中介质基板参数误差、装配公差、连接器引入的额外损耗等因素。
图11展示了MIMO天线4个天线单元的反射系数曲线(|S11|、|S22|、|S33|、|S44|)。仿真结果表明,在低频段(2.40~2.45 GHz)和高频段(5.77~5.85 GHz),所有天线单元的反射系数均低于-10 dB,展现出了良好的阻抗匹配。实测结果虽整体呈现一定程度的低频偏移,但天线在整个工作频带内仍保持了良好的阻抗匹配。
图12给出了MIMO天线分别在低频和高频时,单元1和单元3的AR曲线。天线单元1和单元3在低频段内AR曲线差异较小,且均小于3 dB。然而,在高频段天线单元1和单元3的AR曲线有所差异,例如天线单元1在5.77~5.81 GHz内AR值小于3 dB,天线单元3在5.78~5.83 GHz内AR小于3 dB。因此,提出的MIMO天线在双频段内具有良好的圆极化性能。
图13给出了MIMO天线分别工作在低频段和高频段时,各个天线单元的隔离度曲线。在低频段天线隔离度均小于-30 dB,而在高频段天线隔离度小于-50 dB,天线间隔离度良好,同时实测结果和仿真结果吻合良好。
尽管本文设计的天线阵元间距相对偏大(约为λ0),但得益于对称排布结构与磁-电偶极子本身的低互耦特性,系统在双频段均实现了优于-30 dB/-50 dB的隔离度,以及小于-38 dB的ECC,都确保了所提出的MIMO天线具有优异的性能。后续工作将进一步研究在小间距条件下维持高隔离度的设计策略,以拓展其在紧凑终端设备中的应用潜力。
表2给出了建议的MIMO天线与其他全向天线的性能对比。由表2可知,文献[2-3]所述2款天线仅能在单频段内实现水平极化辐射场。文献[9]提出一款双频单圆极化天线,但该天线的全向辐射平面与天线平面法向平行,在电路模块集成领域难以应用。而且,该天线仅能实现单一旋向圆极化波,而该文所述天线能在双频段实现不同的圆极化特性,更具信道容量优势,特别适合在半/全双工通信系统中应用。文献[10,12]分别设计了一款单频右旋圆极化天线,虽然这2款天线具有平面结构,但仅能实现单频工作,且剖面尺寸较大,也不是MIMO天线。同样地,文献[13]设计了一款左手圆极化的MIMO天线,但该天线仅在单频工作,且剖面尺寸较大,达到31 mm。文献[15]虽然剖面尺寸低,但该天线只能单频单圆极化工作,也不是MIMO天线。课题组前期基于法布里腔结构也设计出双频双圆极化MIMO天线[18],但该天线剖面尺寸达到14.8 mm,不利于与电路模块集成。本文建议的MIMO天线通过寄生电偶极子与圆形平面波导协同平面化集成设计,剖面高度低至2 mm,更适用于狭小空间部署和电路模块集成。
本文基于磁-电偶极子提出了一款新颖的双频全向双圆极化MIMO天线。通过采用双层圆形开口平面波导、寄生电偶极子、折叠电偶极子、蚀刻开口缝隙、短路圆柱等技术,实现了在2.42~2.47 GHz和5.76~5.85 GHz的双频段工作,且不同频段产生了全向不同圆极化的辐射场,增益方向图的不圆度分别低于2.1 dB和7.3 dB,在实际应用中可克服极化不匹配,提高通信系统在复杂多径环境中的通信可靠性。此外,将4个相同的天线单元对称分布在同一平面上,隔离度在低频段低于-30 dB,高频段低于-50 dB。与其他全向天线相比,建议的MIMO天线不仅能提供双频双圆极化功能,还具有低剖面、低成本优势(仅需单层PCB板加工)。这些特征表明该MIMO天线能广泛应用到在半/全双工通信系统中。后续研究将聚焦于降低MIMO天线阵元间距和提高隔离度的方法。
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2025年第55卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3106.2025.11.010
  • 接收时间:2025-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-04-17
  • 出版时间:2025-11-05
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21
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    1.贵州电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550002
    2.贵州电网有限责任公司贵阳供电局,贵州 贵阳 550001
    3.重庆邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院,重庆 400065

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叶志红 男,(1988—),博士,副教授。主要研究方向:电磁安全、电波传播及智能电磁计算等。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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