Article(id=1244280831829717748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7520/1001-4888-24-074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714060800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-26, revisedDate=1725292800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774589267927, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774589267927, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774589267927, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774589267927, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244280827157263057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, year='2025', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='387', pageEnd='538', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774589266813, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774589721933, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244282736148595306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244282736148595307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=515, endPage=527, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244280832031044346, articleId=1244280831829717748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, language=EN, title=Experimental study on the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the bending performance of prestressed concrete beams, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Experimental Mechanics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Prestressed concrete structures are subject to environmental corrosion during service, resulting in corrosion of the reinforcement and varying degrees of damage to the structure. This leads to a reduction in the structural load carrying capacity. To investigate the effect of the reinforcement corrosion on the flexural performance of prestressed concrete beams, corroded prestressed concrete beams were tested by a four-point bending test. It is shown that the corrosion of the ordinary reinforcement has a small effect on the cracking strength and ultimate strength of test beams. However, the effect of corrosion on the yield load is more obvious. When the corrosion rate of ordinary steel reinforcement is 3.8%, the yield load of the test beams decreases by 15.6%. Additionally, the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement has a smaller effect on the yield deflection of the test beams, but the effect on the ultimate deflection is more obvious. When the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement is 11.5%, the ultimate deflection decreases by 8.6%. The corrosion of the prestressed steel strand has a significant effect on the cracking load and yield load of the test beams, which is the main factor affecting the load carrying capacity and deformation capacity of the prestressed beams. The cracking load of the test specimen decreases by 32.9% when the strand corrosion rate is 7.6%.

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预应力混凝土结构在服役期间由于受到环境腐蚀的作用,会造成钢筋腐蚀,从而使结构出现不同程度损伤,导致结构承载力下降。为了探究钢筋腐蚀对预应力混凝土梁抗弯性能的影响,对预应力混凝土梁进行了腐蚀后的四点弯曲试验,结果表明:当钢绞线腐蚀率相同时,试验梁的开裂荷载和极限荷载受钢筋腐蚀影响不大,但对屈服荷载影响比较明显;当普通钢筋腐蚀率为3.8%时,试验梁屈服荷载下降15.6%;钢筋腐蚀率对试验梁的屈服挠度影响较小,但对极限挠度影响较为明显;当钢筋腐蚀率为11.5%时,极限挠度下降8.6%;试验梁的开裂荷载和屈服荷载受钢绞线腐蚀影响较大,是影响预应力梁承载能力和变形能力的主要因素;当钢绞线腐蚀率为7.6%时,试验梁的开裂荷载下降32.9%。在试验的基础上,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对各腐蚀梁进行有限元模拟,并根据腐蚀后钢筋的性能劣化规律,提出了普通钢筋腐蚀和钢绞线腐蚀预应力混凝土梁承载力计算方法,计算值和模拟值均与试验值吻合程度较好。

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张立卿(1987-),女,博士,副教授。研究方向:多功能/智能纳米混凝土与结构、绿色混凝土与结构。Email:
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Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign,1951:44-45., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244340255256589252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=47, pageEnd=52, 96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=27, authorNames=袁迎曙, 贾福萍, 蔡跃, journalName=土木工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁迎曙, 贾福萍, 蔡跃. 锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的结构性能退化模型[J]. 土木工程学报, 2001, 34(3):47-52, 96, articleTitle=锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的结构性能退化模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244340255403389895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=47, pageEnd=52, 96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=YUAN Yingshu, JIA Fuping, CAI Yue, journalName=China Civil Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(YUAN Yingshu, JIA Fuping, CAI Yue. The structural behavior deterioration model for corroded reinforced concrete beams[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2001, 34(3):47-52, 96 (in Chinese)), articleTitle=The structural behavior deterioration model for corroded reinforced concrete beams, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244340255499858890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=吴雪峰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴雪峰. 锈蚀钢绞线力学性能和粘结性能研究[D]. 长沙:中南大学, 2014, articleTitle=锈蚀钢绞线力学性能和粘结性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244340257039168460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=WU Xuefeng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(WU Xuefeng. 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articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=图9, caption=梁正截面承载力计算简图, figureFileSmall=Rys4jRzAANE40L+fUS5Uhg==, figureFileBig=bBEntCJQG2HuTg2epliRgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340248235324205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Overview of the test beam

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试件编号腐蚀部位设计腐蚀率/%实测腐蚀率/%
钢筋钢绞线钢筋钢绞线
J-10000
J-2钢绞线0807.6
J-3钢筋、钢绞线483.87.7
J-4钢筋、钢绞线888.28.3
J-5钢筋、钢绞线12811.57.9
), ArticleFig(id=1244340248348570415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验梁概况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号腐蚀部位设计腐蚀率/%实测腐蚀率/%
钢筋钢绞线钢筋钢绞线
J-10000
J-2钢绞线0807.6
J-3钢筋、钢绞线483.87.7
J-4钢筋、钢绞线888.28.3
J-5钢筋、钢绞线12811.57.9
), ArticleFig(id=1244340248449233714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Mechanical characteristics of steel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型直径/mm屈服强度/MPa极限强度/MPa弹性模量/MPa伸长率/%
箍筋6.03705652.10×10530.0
纵筋14.04705702.00×10520.0
钢绞线15.2186019451.95×1054.0
), ArticleFig(id=1244340248566674229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢材的力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型直径/mm屈服强度/MPa极限强度/MPa弹性模量/MPa伸长率/%
箍筋6.03705652.10×10530.0
纵筋14.04705702.00×10520.0
钢绞线15.2186019451.95×1054.0
), ArticleFig(id=1244340248755417914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Mix proportion design of concrete (unit:kg/m3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水泥细骨料粗骨料矿粉减水剂
380.0710.01111.0100.01.44144.0
), ArticleFig(id=1244340248877052733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

混凝土配合比(单位:kg/m3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水泥细骨料粗骨料矿粉减水剂
380.0710.01111.0100.01.44144.0
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249002881856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Proportion of acid rain ions

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离子 Cl Ca2+Mg2+Na
占比/%73.1821.403.2827.4454.992.746.60
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249120322371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

酸雨离子比例

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离子 Cl Ca2+Mg2+Na
占比/%73.1821.403.2827.4454.992.746.60
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249241957192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Chemical composition of acid rain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酸雨成分Na2SO4MgSO4Ca(NO3)2•4H2O(NH4)2SO4NaCl
含量/(g/L)0.5310.0870.2520.1910.036
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249346814794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

酸雨溶液成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酸雨成分Na2SO4MgSO4Ca(NO3)2•4H2O(NH4)2SO4NaCl
含量/(g/L)0.5310.0870.2520.1910.036
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249434895182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

The bearing capacity of the test beam

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试验梁编号开裂荷载/kN屈服荷载/kN极限荷载/kN破坏形态破坏方式
J-179241265加载点裂缝显著,底部钢筋屈服后,受压区混凝土压溃。延性破坏
J-253211252
J-354178239
J-458180218
J-549173230
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249527169873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

试验梁承载力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验梁编号开裂荷载/kN屈服荷载/kN极限荷载/kN破坏形态破坏方式
J-179241265加载点裂缝显著,底部钢筋屈服后,受压区混凝土压溃。延性破坏
J-253211252
J-354178239
J-458180218
J-549173230
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249652998996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Results of ductility coefficient of test beams

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试验梁编号极限挠度fu/mm屈服挠度fy/mm延性系数
J-132.39118.1341.786
J-223.26710.6332.188
J-322.86710.5102.176
J-422.24510.2482.171
J-521.2719.9072.147
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249745273685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

试验梁延性系数结果

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试验梁编号极限挠度fu/mm屈服挠度fy/mm延性系数
J-132.39118.1341.786
J-223.26710.6332.188
J-322.86710.5102.176
J-422.24510.2482.171
J-521.2719.9072.147
), ArticleFig(id=1244340249854325592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280831829717748, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Summary of ratio results between load test values and calculated values and simulated values for test beams

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腐蚀钢筋预应力混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究
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许开成 1, 2 , 卢子健 2, 3 , 黄鸿睿 2 , 邱日旭 2 , 易彬 2 , 张立卿 1, 2
实验力学 | 2025,40(4): 515-527
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实验力学 | 2025, 40(4): 515-527
腐蚀钢筋预应力混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究
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许开成1, 2, 卢子健2, 3, 黄鸿睿2, 邱日旭2, 易彬2, 张立卿1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室,江西南昌 330013
  • 2.华东交通大学土木建筑学院,江西南昌 330013
  • 3.中国铁路广州局集团有限公司肇庆工务段,广东肇庆 526000

通讯作者:

张立卿(1987-),女,博士,副教授。研究方向:多功能/智能纳米混凝土与结构、绿色混凝土与结构。Email:
Experimental study on the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the bending performance of prestressed concrete beams
Kaicheng XU1, 2, Zijian LU2, 3, Hongrui HUANG2, Rixu QIU2, Bin YI2, Liqing ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
  • 3.Zhaoqing Engineering Section of China Railway Guangzhou Group Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-074
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预应力混凝土结构在服役期间由于受到环境腐蚀的作用,会造成钢筋腐蚀,从而使结构出现不同程度损伤,导致结构承载力下降。为了探究钢筋腐蚀对预应力混凝土梁抗弯性能的影响,对预应力混凝土梁进行了腐蚀后的四点弯曲试验,结果表明:当钢绞线腐蚀率相同时,试验梁的开裂荷载和极限荷载受钢筋腐蚀影响不大,但对屈服荷载影响比较明显;当普通钢筋腐蚀率为3.8%时,试验梁屈服荷载下降15.6%;钢筋腐蚀率对试验梁的屈服挠度影响较小,但对极限挠度影响较为明显;当钢筋腐蚀率为11.5%时,极限挠度下降8.6%;试验梁的开裂荷载和屈服荷载受钢绞线腐蚀影响较大,是影响预应力梁承载能力和变形能力的主要因素;当钢绞线腐蚀率为7.6%时,试验梁的开裂荷载下降32.9%。在试验的基础上,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对各腐蚀梁进行有限元模拟,并根据腐蚀后钢筋的性能劣化规律,提出了普通钢筋腐蚀和钢绞线腐蚀预应力混凝土梁承载力计算方法,计算值和模拟值均与试验值吻合程度较好。

预应力混凝土梁  /  钢筋腐蚀  /  抗弯性能  /  有限元分析  /  承载力计算

Prestressed concrete structures are subject to environmental corrosion during service, resulting in corrosion of the reinforcement and varying degrees of damage to the structure. This leads to a reduction in the structural load carrying capacity. To investigate the effect of the reinforcement corrosion on the flexural performance of prestressed concrete beams, corroded prestressed concrete beams were tested by a four-point bending test. It is shown that the corrosion of the ordinary reinforcement has a small effect on the cracking strength and ultimate strength of test beams. However, the effect of corrosion on the yield load is more obvious. When the corrosion rate of ordinary steel reinforcement is 3.8%, the yield load of the test beams decreases by 15.6%. Additionally, the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement has a smaller effect on the yield deflection of the test beams, but the effect on the ultimate deflection is more obvious. When the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement is 11.5%, the ultimate deflection decreases by 8.6%. The corrosion of the prestressed steel strand has a significant effect on the cracking load and yield load of the test beams, which is the main factor affecting the load carrying capacity and deformation capacity of the prestressed beams. The cracking load of the test specimen decreases by 32.9% when the strand corrosion rate is 7.6%.

prestressed concrete beam  /  steel corrosion  /  flexural behavior  /  finite element analysis  /  bearing capacity calculation
许开成, 卢子健, 黄鸿睿, 邱日旭, 易彬, 张立卿. 腐蚀钢筋预应力混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究. 实验力学, 2025 , 40 (4) : 515 -527 . DOI: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-074
Kaicheng XU, Zijian LU, Hongrui HUANG, Rixu QIU, Bin YI, Liqing ZHANG. Experimental study on the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the bending performance of prestressed concrete beams[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2025 , 40 (4) : 515 -527 . DOI: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-074
预应力混凝土结构具有跨越能力强、抗裂性好及强度高等特点[13],是在高速铁路桥梁等基础设施中被广泛应用的结构之一。然而在实际工程中,预应力混凝土桥梁服役环境复杂,需要面临恶劣的自然环境造成的化学腐蚀,如江西地区受酸雨影响严重[4],酸雨会通过桥梁薄弱点侵入结构内部,造成钢筋腐蚀,使结构受到不同程度损伤,从而对桥梁耐久性能产生不利影响。对后张预应力桥梁,由于施工工艺容易存在孔道灌浆缺陷和端头封锚不严等情况,因此预应力钢绞线易发生腐蚀,并且钢绞线通常处于高应力状态[5]。腐蚀不仅会导致钢绞线有效截面损失,还会使其力学性能退化,增加结构脆性破坏的风险[6]
近年来,国内外学者开展了腐蚀环境下预应力混凝土梁力学性能的研究[7]。刘云雁等[8]对氯盐环境下锈蚀预应力混凝土梁进行试验和有限元模拟,结果表明,腐蚀时间小于14 d对预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能影响有限,相比于未腐蚀的梁,经过7 d和14 d腐蚀后的梁极限承载力变化不大,分别下降1.6%和3.0%。周啟浩等[9]对5根锈蚀预应力混凝土梁进行了三分点静载试验,结果表明,当钢绞线腐蚀率大于10.0%时,钢绞线腐蚀对试验梁抗弯性能影响显著;当钢绞线腐蚀率达到13.5%时,试验梁开裂荷载与极限荷载分别降至未腐蚀梁的78.4%和69.3%,同时极限位移下降了67.5%,梁脆性破坏特征明显。CAMPIONE等[10]对试验数据和有限元软件(ABAQUS)的数值模拟结果进行比较,结果表明,预应力钢绞线的腐蚀会降低预应力梁的承载力,当预应力钢绞线的腐蚀率超过10%时,会使梁的承载能力降低30%;当腐蚀率达到30%时,承载能力下降近80%,并发生脆性破坏。此外,已有研究表明[61112],预应力梁中,先张拉后腐蚀的钢绞线的预应力损失与腐蚀损失几乎呈线性关系。随着钢绞线腐蚀程度的增加,开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载均显著降低,且梁的破坏方式会从混凝土破碎发展到钢绞线断裂,梁的延性大大降低[61112]。LI等[13]对预应力钢绞线进行了腐蚀试验和拉伸试验,结果表明,腐蚀预应力钢绞线退化过程可分为3个阶段:在第1阶段,钢绞线松弛,预应力迅速降低;在第2阶段,预应力随着腐蚀程度的增加而呈线性降低;在第3阶段,随着腐蚀程度的增加,钢绞线的横截面面积严重减小。由上述文献可知,目前对腐蚀预应力混凝土梁的研究主要集中在钢绞线的腐蚀对预应力梁抗弯性能的影响方面,而对预应力梁中钢筋腐蚀对抗弯性能的研究相对有限,对同时考虑钢绞线和钢筋发生腐蚀情况下的研究更为匮乏。
为了进一步了解酸雨腐蚀下预应力混凝土梁的性能退化规律,本文首先通过5根腐蚀预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验,研究不同钢筋腐蚀率对预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能的影响,以探究试验梁破坏形态、承载力变化、挠度变化及材料应变随钢筋腐蚀率的变化规律。然后,对各腐蚀试验梁进行有限元模拟并与试验结果进行对比分析。最后,基于混凝土结构设计规范,考虑腐蚀后普通钢筋和钢绞线力学性能退化与截面面积减少的情况,提出了酸雨腐蚀后预应力混凝土梁的受弯承载力计算公式。
本研究共设计了5根T形截面后张法预应力混凝土试验梁,其中1根为未腐蚀梁,4根为腐蚀梁。已有研究[914]表明,8%的腐蚀率对梁抗弯性能影响显著,因此本文钢绞线的腐蚀率定为8%,试验的具体参数见表1(J表示静载试验)。梁长均为2080 mm,梁内纵向钢筋和箍筋分别采用直径为14 mm的HRB400螺纹钢筋和直径为6 mm的HPB300光圆钢筋,梁跨中非加密区箍筋间距取100 mm,梁端加密区箍筋间距取80 mm,预应力筋采用直径为15.2 mm、由7根钢丝捻制而成的1×7的1860级低松弛钢绞线,梁顶和梁底保护层厚度均为20 mm。试验梁的截面尺寸和配筋布置如图1所示。
试验中采用钢绞线控制张拉应力为1302 MPa,即0.7倍钢绞线标准抗拉强度。试验前对钢筋进行性能测试,得到普通钢筋、箍筋和预应力钢绞线的材料性能参数见表2。试验梁混凝土的强度为C50,水泥型号为P•O 42.5R,混凝土配合比见表3。在试验梁浇筑过程中,所制备的试块在相同条件下养护28 d后,测得其棱柱体抗压强度为44.9 MPa,立方体抗压强度为54.9 MPa。
根据相关文献及近10年来江西的降雨报告[1517],可知酸雨中主要阳离子为、Mg2+、Na和Ca2+,主要阴离子为和Cl,酸雨中离子的比例见表4。基于这些数据,本文最终确定了实验室模拟酸雨溶液的成分,并将酸雨溶液pH值定为3,酸雨溶液成分见表5
试验采用通电加速腐蚀方法对钢绞线和钢筋进行腐蚀,将养护28 d后的试验梁以半浸泡的方式放置在酸雨溶液腐蚀池中进行通电加速腐蚀。将直流稳压稳流电源的正负极分别与钢筋及钢板相连,通过酸雨溶液形成电流回路,加速钢筋和钢绞线腐蚀。为了防止箍筋腐蚀,在箍筋与纵向钢筋接触的位置使用电工胶带与环氧布绝缘。为了避免锚具腐蚀对试验产生干扰,通过喷涂金属漆和环氧树脂的方式对锚具进行防腐处理。通电电流密度为400μA/cm2,根据法拉第定律[18]确定不同腐蚀率的试验梁通电时间。试验设计的预应力钢绞线腐蚀率为8%,通过法拉第定律计算出腐蚀时间为14 d,普通钢筋腐蚀率为0%、4%、8%和12%,腐蚀时间为0 d、6.5 d、13 d和19.5 d。
试验全部完成后,将试验梁破碎并取出腐蚀钢筋和钢绞线,截取中间段100 mm长度用除锈剂对其清洗;清洗掉表面的浮渣和铁锈后,用高温吹风机对钢筋和钢绞线进行烘干处理;先测得腐蚀后质量,再测量每一段实际长度,并按密度法计算原始质量,得到实际腐蚀率,实际腐蚀率见表1。腐蚀率计算公式为
式中:η为钢筋、钢绞线腐蚀率,%;m0为钢筋、钢绞线原始质量,g;mc为钢筋、钢绞线锈蚀后剩余质量,g。
在试验梁底部普通受力钢筋和钢绞线上总共布置11片应变片,测点布置如图2(a)(b)所示,图中Z代表纵向钢筋,G代表预应力钢绞线。跨中区域的混凝土表面布置8个应变片,其中5个应变片分别布置在试验梁侧面,用以测量跨中不同截面高度处混凝土应变的变化,另外3个应变片分别布置在试验梁跨中截面顶部,用于监测受压区混凝土的应变。为便于观测试验梁裂缝开展情况,试验开始前,在试验梁观测面喷涂白色喷漆。
试验采用四点弯曲加载,梁顶的加载点采用跨中中心对称布置,间距为700 mm,支座距加载点处655 mm;分别在跨中、加载点处和支座处布置1个位移计,如图2(c)所示。试验加载过程分预加载和正式加载2个阶段。正式加载前,先进行2~3次的预加载,每次加载至20 kN;正式加载时,以每级5 kN增量匀速加载;当混凝土开裂后,加载幅度增加至10 kN;加载到极限荷载的80%后,加载幅度减小至5 kN。每级加载后,需要待荷载数值及应变位移数值稳定,方可继续加载,期间观察并记录梁的挠度变形、钢筋应变及裂缝的发展,直至试验梁破坏为止。
试验梁的破坏形态如图3所示,由图可知,梁的破坏形态均为适筋破坏。加载时,所有试验梁均在跨中纯弯段腹板底部边缘先出现垂直微裂缝,随后在剪弯段也相继出现部分微裂缝;随着荷载继续增大,裂缝逐渐由支座处向分配梁加载处延伸至翼缘底板,新裂缝不断产生,原有裂缝宽度不断增大且逐渐向上延伸;钢筋屈服时,听到钢绞线断丝响声,此时裂缝宽度迅速增大;最终,梁受压区混凝土压溃破坏,试验结束。裂缝开展顺序依次为:跨中纯弯段腹板侧面→加载点下部腹板→支座至加载点位置→跨中裂缝延伸至翼缘底部边缘→纯弯段翼缘侧面。
钢筋腐蚀率越高,底部混凝土破坏越严重,腐蚀率超过8.2%的梁底部混凝土出现剥落现象。从混凝土剥落处可以观察到钢筋锈蚀产生的蚀坑和钢筋断裂,如图3(f)所示。试验梁破碎后,可观察到部分钢绞线出现断丝现象,如图3(g)所示。
试验梁的承载力见表6。由表6可知,与未腐蚀梁J-1相比,J-2、J-3、J-4和J-5的开裂荷载分别下降了32.9%、31.6%、26.6%和38.0%,表明钢绞线腐蚀率对开裂荷载影响显著,当钢绞线腐蚀率为7.6%时,荷载下降幅度为32.9%。从表6还可知,试验梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载均随着钢筋腐蚀率的增加呈下降趋势;与J-2梁相比,J-3、J-4和J-5的屈服荷载分别下降15.6%、14.7%和18.0%,极限荷载分别下降5.2%、13.5%和8.7%;当钢筋腐蚀率为3.8%时,屈服荷载下降明显,下降了15.6%;当钢筋腐蚀率大于3.8%时,钢筋腐蚀对屈服荷载和极限荷载影响较小。由于通电加速腐蚀天数较短,且混凝土龄期为28 d,腐蚀溶液可能还对混凝土起着养护的作用,且受压区混凝土未被腐蚀溶液浸泡,因此腐蚀对受压区混凝土无影响。腐蚀溶液对混凝土起养护作用及受压区未受腐蚀使混凝土强度有所增强,导致受压区混凝土在底部钢筋屈服后还能持续提供承载力,因此,钢筋腐蚀对试验梁受弯性能的影响明显低于钢绞线腐蚀率的影响。
试验梁的荷载-挠度曲线如图4所示,由图可知,试验梁跨中荷载-挠度曲线主要经历了3个阶段:1)试验梁达到开裂荷载前,试验梁跨中荷载-挠度曲线呈线性关系。2)试验梁开裂后,荷载-挠度曲线斜率明显下降,变形速率增大,受拉区混凝土逐渐退出受力,拉力主要由底部普通钢筋承担。3)加载至钢筋屈服阶段,曲线斜率急剧减小,挠度迅速增大直至极限荷载后,试验梁破坏。
试验梁延性系数结果见表7,由表可知,J-2、J-3、J-4和J-5的屈服挠度分别为J-1的58.6%、57.9%、56.5%和54.6%;极限挠度分别为J-1的71.8%、70.6%、68.7%和65.7%,表明当钢筋腐蚀率小于8.2%时,钢筋腐蚀对试验梁屈服挠度及极限挠度基本无影响;当腐蚀率大于8.2%时,对试验梁的屈服挠度及极限挠度有一定影响。J-2、J-3、J-4和J-5的延性系数分别为J-1的122.5%、121.8%、121.6%和120.2%,表明钢绞线腐蚀是影响结构变形能力的主要因素,当钢绞线腐蚀率相同时,钢筋腐蚀对结构的变形能力影响很小。
试验梁跨中截面不同高度处混凝土的应变变化情况如图5所示。由图5可知,加载初期,混凝土应变沿高度呈线性分布,满足平截面假定。由图5(b)~(e)可知,随着钢筋腐蚀率的增大,受拉区混凝土开裂前应变呈下降趋势,受压区混凝土应变呈上升趋势,且随钢筋腐蚀率增大,会加速开裂后中性轴的上移。这是钢筋腐蚀导致其有效截面减小,同时降低了钢筋与混凝土之间的黏结强度,从而削弱了钢筋的承载能力所致。为了在荷载不变的情况下维持试验梁的性能,梁需增加截面曲率,以弥补钢筋拉力的减弱,这种调整会加速中性轴的上移,从而降低开裂后的截面刚度。
钢筋荷载-应变曲线如图6所示。由图6可知,钢筋应变的变化存在明显转折点,且转折点与开裂荷载和屈服荷载基本重合;在试验梁开裂后,拉力主要由底部钢筋承担,此时钢筋应变增长较快;随着荷载继续增加,底部钢筋屈服,此时应变基本保持不变。随钢筋腐蚀率的增加,钢筋荷载-应变曲线斜率呈下降趋势,这是由于钢筋腐蚀导致钢筋有效截面面积减小,加快了钢筋应变变化速率所致。
预应力钢绞线荷载-应变曲线如图7所示(J-4梁预应力钢绞线应变片全部损坏)。由图7可知,预应力钢绞线荷载-应变曲线呈现2阶段变化(弹性阶段和塑性阶段),且钢筋屈服点与曲线转折点基本重合。随钢筋腐蚀率的增加,荷载应变曲线前期斜率逐渐减小,转折点逐渐提前;试验梁底部受拉钢筋达到屈服荷载前,钢绞线应变变化较小,钢筋屈服后钢绞线应变变化显著,曲线斜率较加载初期明显减小,并且呈线性关系。
1)混凝土的本构采用塑性损伤(CDP)模型进行模拟,混凝土单轴受压下的应力-应变关系采用Hognestad模型[19],其数学表达式为
式中:σε分别为应力和应变;σ0ε0分别为峰值应力和峰值应变;εcu为混凝土极限压应变。
2)采用理想弹塑性模型来模拟钢筋本构,腐蚀后的钢筋采用袁迎曙等[20]提出的双折线模型的数学表达式。当0<η≤5%时
η≥5%时
式中:fyfuδ分别为钢筋的屈服强度、极限强度和伸长率;fy,η为钢筋腐蚀后的屈服强度;fu,η为钢筋腐蚀后的极限强度;δη为钢筋腐蚀后的伸长率。
3)采用双折线模型来模拟预应力钢绞线本构,腐蚀后的预应力钢绞线采用吴雪峰[21]提出的双折线模型的数学表达式如式(5):
式中:fptkfptuδp分别为钢绞线的屈服强度、极限强度和伸长率;fptk,η为钢绞线腐蚀后的屈服强度;fptu,η为钢绞线腐蚀后的极限强度;δp,η为钢绞线腐蚀后的伸长率。
采用ABAQUS软件建立酸雨腐蚀后预应力混凝土梁构件数值模型,混凝土、垫块均采用六面体(C3D8R)单元,普通钢筋和预应力钢绞线采用桁架(T3D2)单元,假设钢筋与混凝土单元完全耦合(不考虑两者之间的黏结滑移);模型中,混凝土、钢筋和钢绞线的材料性能均采用实测值。由于支座分别是球形支座和铰支座,因此球形支座约束了5个方向的自由度,铰支座约束了水平内4个方向的自由度。普通钢筋、预应力钢绞线与混凝土之间为内置约束,垫块与混凝土之间为绑定约束。通过降温法对模型施加预应力,加载方式采用位移加载,网格划分尺寸为50 mm。
试验结果与有限元计算结果的对比见图8表8。由图8表8可见,试验梁与模拟梁跨中荷载-挠度曲线吻合度较高。但由于模拟考虑的是理想状态,因此与试验存在一定误差;5组试验梁的极限荷载试验值与模拟值比值的平均值为0.951,误差在10%以内,表明该模型具有较高的精确度。
本文建立的钢筋腐蚀预应力梁承载力计算模型基于以下4项基本假定:
1)钢筋腐蚀后的预应力梁混凝土截面应变分布符合平截面假定。
2)不考虑试验梁受拉区混凝土对承载力的贡献。
3)不考虑钢绞线与混凝土之间的黏结滑移。
4)考虑钢筋、钢绞线腐蚀对其截面面积减小和力学性能劣化的影响。
腐蚀后预应力混凝土梁受力计算示意图如图9所示,图中hf′为翼缘的高度;bf′为翼缘宽度;h为梁截面高度;h0为底部钢筋至梁顶高度;x0为混凝土受压区高度;hp为钢绞线至梁顶高度;as为底部钢筋至梁底距离;as′为顶部钢筋至梁顶距离。
腐蚀直接导致了钢筋和钢绞线有效截面面积减小和屈服强度降低,并且改变了钢筋和钢绞线本构关系:弹性模量降低,屈服平台缩短甚至消失,极限应变减小,因此在计算酸雨腐蚀后预应力混凝土梁的极限承载力时,应考虑钢筋和钢绞线截面面积折减、屈服强度下降等因素的影响。腐蚀后的钢筋和钢绞线有效截面面积为平均锈蚀后的剩余截面面积,腐蚀后钢筋和钢绞线的屈服强度分别采用式(3)和式(4)进行计算。基于极限状态时跨中截面的静力平衡方程,试验梁的极限承载力计算如下:
式中:As为受拉区纵向钢筋的截面面积;As′为受压区纵向钢筋的截面面积;Ap为预应力筋的截面面积;α1为混凝土强度影响系数,通常取1.0;fc为混凝土的轴心抗压强度设计值。
根据《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2010),将未腐蚀梁数据代入式(7)计算,计算结果满足式(7),因此可判断所有试验梁均属于第一类T型截面梁。通过式(8)计算相应的受压区高度,并代入式(9)得到其极限弯矩。
式中:Mu为试验梁的极限弯矩值。
根据计算得到的弯矩,求出试验梁的承载力,极限荷载计算结果见表8。由表8可知,极限荷载试验值与计算值基本吻合,试验值与计算值比值的平均值为1.035,计算值与试验值误差在7%内,因此,在计算腐蚀后预应力混凝土梁的极限荷载时可考虑钢筋、钢绞线面积折减的方法。
本文通过通电加速腐蚀方法,对预应力混凝土梁中的钢筋和钢绞线进行腐蚀处理,研究了酸雨腐蚀环境下试验梁的抗弯性能退化规律。主要结论如下:
1)5根T型试验梁在静力作用下均为适筋破坏,钢筋腐蚀率越高,底部混凝土破坏越严重,钢筋腐蚀率超过8.2%的试验梁底部混凝土出现剥落现象。裂缝开展顺序依次为:跨中纯弯段腹板侧面→加载点下部腹板→支座至加载点位置→跨中裂缝延伸至翼缘底部边缘→纯弯段翼缘侧面。
2)钢绞线腐蚀对开裂荷载影响显著,钢筋腐蚀率对开裂荷载基本无影响。当钢绞线腐蚀率为7.6%时,开裂荷载下降32.9%,试验梁屈服荷载、极限荷载均随着钢筋腐蚀率的增大出现一定程度下降。在钢筋腐蚀率在3.8%时,屈服荷载下降15.6%,当钢筋腐蚀率大于3.8%对屈服荷载影响较小。
3)试验梁荷载-挠度曲线呈三阶段变化,斜率逐渐减小。当钢绞线腐蚀率为7.6%时,对应J-2梁的屈服挠度、极限挠度和延性系数分别为未腐蚀梁的58.6%、71.8%和122.5%。当钢绞线腐蚀率相同时,钢筋腐蚀率对试验梁延性系数影响很小。
4)有限元模型模拟的荷载-挠度曲线与试验曲线吻合度较高,模拟结果显示模拟值与试验值的误差在10%之内。
5)依据规范,考虑腐蚀对钢筋、钢绞线力学性能劣化及面积折减的影响,建立了腐蚀后预应力混凝土梁的极限荷载计算公式,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,误差在7%以内。
  • 国家自然基金项目(52368031; 51968021)
  • 江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20242BAB26073)
  • 江西省自然科学基金项目(20224BAB204067)
  • 华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室自主课题(HJGZ2022201)
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2025年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-074
  • 接收时间:2024-04-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-26
  • 修回日期:2024-09-03
基金
国家自然基金项目(52368031; 51968021)
江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20242BAB26073)
江西省自然科学基金项目(20224BAB204067)
华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室自主课题(HJGZ2022201)
作者信息
    1.华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室,江西南昌 330013
    2.华东交通大学土木建筑学院,江西南昌 330013
    3.中国铁路广州局集团有限公司肇庆工务段,广东肇庆 526000

通讯作者:

张立卿(1987-),女,博士,副教授。研究方向:多功能/智能纳米混凝土与结构、绿色混凝土与结构。Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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