Article(id=1244280829573186427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7520/1001-4888-24-094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717689600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-07, revisedDate=1731340800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774589267389, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774589267389, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774589267389, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774589267389, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244280827157263057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, year='2025', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='387', pageEnd='538', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774589266813, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774589721933, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244282736148595306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244282736148595307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=487, endPage=492, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244280829770318721, articleId=1244280829573186427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, language=EN, title=Development and applications of dynamic performance degradation testing platform for ceramic matrix composite structures under high temperature-scouring-vibration environments, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Experimental Mechanics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new dynamic performance degradation testing platform of advanced composite structures under high temperature-scouring-vibration environments has been self-designed and developed to achieve corresponding tests under such coupled environments. Firstly, the functional design and implementation principles of various parts of this system were introduced in detail, and the construction of the testing platform was completed. Additionally, the degradation curves of natural frequency and resonant response of quartz fiber ceramic matrix composite thin plates under various temperatures, degradation time, and flushing time were obtained based on the above testing platform. The results indicate that the effects of high temperature, scouring, and vibration lead to the degradation of the dynamic performance of ceramic matrix composites, characterized by a reduction in the first two natural frequencies and a significant amplification of the resonant response.

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为了实现复合材料结构在高温、冲刷、振动耦合环境下动态性能退化的测试,设计了高温-冲刷-振动环境下先进复合材料结构退化测试平台并进行了测试。首先,介绍了测试平台各部分的功能设计及实现原理,并完成了平台的组建。然后,利用所开发的测试平台,以石英纤维陶瓷基复合材料薄板试件为例,对其在不同温度、退化时间及冲刷时间条件下的退化现象进行了一系列测试,获得了相应的固有频率和共振响应的退化曲线。研究表明:高温、振动与冲刷环境导致陶瓷基复合材料动态性能退化,具体表现为前2阶固有频率下降及共振响应显著增大。

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李晖(1982-),男,博士,教授。主要研究领域:先进复合材料结构动力学。Email:
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高温-冲刷-振动环境下陶瓷基复合材料结构动态性能退化测试平台开发及应用
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杨耀 1 , 张海洋 2 , 王海舟 2 , 陈国栋 3 , 李晖 1, 2 , 王相平 2
实验力学 | 2025,40(4): 487-492
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实验力学 | 2025, 40(4): 487-492
高温-冲刷-振动环境下陶瓷基复合材料结构动态性能退化测试平台开发及应用
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杨耀1, 张海洋2, 王海舟2, 陈国栋3, 李晖1, 2 , 王相平2
作者信息
  • 1.东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳 110819
  • 2.中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,辽宁沈阳 110015
  • 3.太行实验室,四川成都 610200

通讯作者:

李晖(1982-),男,博士,教授。主要研究领域:先进复合材料结构动力学。Email:
Development and applications of dynamic performance degradation testing platform for ceramic matrix composite structures under high temperature-scouring-vibration environments
Yao YANG1, Haiyang ZHANG2, Haizhou WANG2, Guodong CHEN3, Hui LI1, 2 , Xiangping WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
  • 2.Shenyang Engine Research Institute, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning, China
  • 3.Taihang Laboratory, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-094
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为了实现复合材料结构在高温、冲刷、振动耦合环境下动态性能退化的测试,设计了高温-冲刷-振动环境下先进复合材料结构退化测试平台并进行了测试。首先,介绍了测试平台各部分的功能设计及实现原理,并完成了平台的组建。然后,利用所开发的测试平台,以石英纤维陶瓷基复合材料薄板试件为例,对其在不同温度、退化时间及冲刷时间条件下的退化现象进行了一系列测试,获得了相应的固有频率和共振响应的退化曲线。研究表明:高温、振动与冲刷环境导致陶瓷基复合材料动态性能退化,具体表现为前2阶固有频率下降及共振响应显著增大。

高温-冲刷-振动环境  /  动态性能退化  /  陶瓷基复合材料  /  退化测试平台

A new dynamic performance degradation testing platform of advanced composite structures under high temperature-scouring-vibration environments has been self-designed and developed to achieve corresponding tests under such coupled environments. Firstly, the functional design and implementation principles of various parts of this system were introduced in detail, and the construction of the testing platform was completed. Additionally, the degradation curves of natural frequency and resonant response of quartz fiber ceramic matrix composite thin plates under various temperatures, degradation time, and flushing time were obtained based on the above testing platform. The results indicate that the effects of high temperature, scouring, and vibration lead to the degradation of the dynamic performance of ceramic matrix composites, characterized by a reduction in the first two natural frequencies and a significant amplification of the resonant response.

high temperature-scouring-vibration environments  /  dynamic performance degradation  /  ceramic matrix composite  /  degradation testing platform
杨耀, 张海洋, 王海舟, 陈国栋, 李晖, 王相平. 高温-冲刷-振动环境下陶瓷基复合材料结构动态性能退化测试平台开发及应用. 实验力学, 2025 , 40 (4) : 487 -492 . DOI: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-094
Yao YANG, Haiyang ZHANG, Haizhou WANG, Guodong CHEN, Hui LI, Xiangping WANG. Development and applications of dynamic performance degradation testing platform for ceramic matrix composite structures under high temperature-scouring-vibration environments[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2025 , 40 (4) : 487 -492 . DOI: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-094
由于陶瓷基复合材料及其结构具有耐高温、高比强、高比模和抗氧化等优点,目前被广泛应用于航空、航天、船舶等领域的热端部件[1]。然而,在高温、冲刷和振动环境下,陶瓷基复合材料构成的结构件呈现动态性能退化的特点[23]。例如,高温环境会导致其强度、刚度等力学性能发生变化;在冲刷环境下,其材料表面受到气流、颗粒等冲刷,会导致表面磨损,进而影响结构的使用寿命和性能;振动环境会导致材料出现界面剥离,引发累积损伤和动态疲劳破坏等问题[45]。上述性能退化的特点给传统的动态力学测试技术及相关试验平台的设计与开发,带来了很大的困难与挑战。
目前,国内外研究人员对复合材料及其结构在高温环境下的力学性能进行了大量研究,取得了阶段性的研究成果。例如,杨自春[6]搭建了一套可变温环境的振动测试系统,通过频谱分析发现了随着温度升高,玻璃纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合板结构的各阶固有频率及振动模态发生了明显变化。美国NASA部门HUDSON等[7]对X-37飞行器的C/SiC方向舵开展热模态测试,探究了高温对该结构的阻尼、频率、振型等参数的影响规律。MALEKZADEH等[8]利用数值分析方法对热环境下功能梯度圆柱壳的自由振动进行分析,在考虑热应力对材料特性影响的基础上,揭示了温度对不同边界条件下结构固有频率的影响规律。张治君等[9]通过一套热振联合环境试验系统,获得了SiC板试件在600℃条件下的振动响应曲线。CHAKRAVERTY等[10]采用数值分析方法研究热环境中功能梯度板的自由振动,发现结构的各阶固有频率随着温度梯度的增加而减小。李宇峰等[11]基于自主研发的气流加热模态试验系统,获得了碳化硅板在208℃~300℃条件下结构的固有频率和振型。赵锐等[12]考虑气动热载荷和时变温度环境对复合材料夹层板结构动力学特性的影响,提出了一种有效预测结构热振响应的数值分析方法。吴大方等[13]搭建极端高温环境下热振联合试验平台,通过结构的微观变化,判断陶瓷纤维轻质多孔隔热材料是否存在裂纹或损伤。LI等[14]提出了一种考虑温度和振幅依赖性特点的复合材料结构动力学分析方法,从理论与试验角度揭示了300℃以内环境温度影响碳纤维/聚合物圆柱壳结构阻尼特性的规律。ARIS等[15]和ANH等[16]采用数值分析方法分别研究了热环境下功能梯度锥形壳体和夹芯双曲面扁壳结构的振动特性,但由于测试系统缺乏,没有对理论模型进行试验验证。
虽然国内外科研工作者在高温振动环境下的复合材料结构动力学性能测试与分析领域取得了一定的成果,但对结构动态力学性能退化特点和行为的研究相对较少。由于缺乏高温条件下复合材料结构动态性能退化测试平台,导致难以有效获取结构件的退化现象和试验数据。针对此问题,本文自主设计并开发了一套最高温度达1500℃的极端高温-冲刷-振动环境下复合材料结构动态性能退化测试平台,并利用该平台对石英纤维陶瓷基复合材料薄板试件,在不同温度和冲刷时间条件下的动态性能进行测试,从而验证了此测试平台的有效性。
高温-冲刷-振动控制系统由钼棒超高温加热箱控制系统、火焰冲刷控制系统和振动台隔热激励与控制系统组成,测试平台系统整体框架如图1所示。
钼棒超高温加热箱控制系统的硬件如图2所示,包括高温炉、钼棒、加热控制柜、温度传感器等。其中,高温炉采用稳定性和抗氧化性能优异的钼棒加热,并在正面设置了120 mm×120 mm×20 mm的蓝宝石玻璃观察窗,用于对被测样件的振动状态进行观测。另外,采用超高温型镍硅热电偶温度传感器(可测量温度超过1500℃)实时监测炉膛环境温度,通过加热控制柜控制钼棒的功率,从而实现对温度的精确调节。
火焰冲刷控制系统的硬件如图3所示,由火焰喷枪、丁烷气、风机和点火控制器组成。丁烷液化气作为燃料,能够产生高温火焰,提供1000℃~1600℃的冲刷温度;自动控制火焰喷枪可以减少因加热不均匀导致的应力集中和变形;喷枪系统采用闭环压力反馈控制,通过实时气压监测与自动调节,输出满足火焰稳定性要求的恒定气压,确保火焰所需的压力、喷射强度和稳定性,从而实现不同冲刷速率的测试效果。
振动台隔热激励与控制系统包括东菱ES-6-230/LT0404振动台等,可在频率1 Hz~5000 Hz内对试件开展振动扫频、定频共振和疲劳测试。为了避免振动台受到高温炉加热的影响,设计了隔热台以阻断钼棒对振动台面的热辐射,确保通过夹具传递到振动台的温度不超过50℃,隔热台如图4(b)所示。隔热台由具有优异热稳定性、纯度达到99%的Al2O3刚玉隔热台板和含锆板保温层组成,其设计为阶梯形。此外,隔热台的底端与振动台面通过3根加强筋连接,以确保振动台的激振力高效地传递至试件。
激光多普勒测振仪(Polytec PDV-100)通过激光器发射一束氦氖激光光束,照射到待测物体的表面,反射光的频率会根据物体表面运动的速度发生变化,接收系统通过光电探测器接收反射光,并与原始发射光进行比较。系统通过分析反射光与发射光之间的频率差(多普勒频移),识别出物体表面的运动速度和振动信息。基于多普勒原理[17],振动测量方程为
式中:ΔfD为频率偏移量;f为激光频率;v为试件移动速度;c为光速;λ为激光波长。通过频率偏移量就可以求解出试件的振动速度。
便携式数据采集前端控制器LMS(型号:SCADAS-XS-06E)具有体积小、采样速率高、便于现场使用等优点,采用LMS能够高效地采集和记录振动与温度信号。
搭建了复合材料结构动力学性能退化测试平台,如图4所示,通过该平台能够测量多种复合材料结构在高温、冲刷和振动耦合环境下的动力学性能参数。另外,夹具采用具有优异高温耐受性和抗氧化性能的310S耐热钢材制作(图4(b)),以确保其能承受长时间的高温振动试验,同时不会产生疲劳和变形等问题。
以石英纤维陶瓷基复合材料薄板(由河南德纤工陶新材料科技有限公司提供)为测试对象,试件如图4(a)所示,利用所开发的退化测试平台对其进行测试。试件采用对称正交铺设[0°/90°/0°/90°/0°],共5层,每层厚度和纤维体积分数相同。高温夹具沿试件长度方向约束一端,模拟悬臂边界条件,约束后的几何尺寸为150 mm×125 mm×2 mm。材料性能参数为:沿纤维方向的弹性模量E1、垂直纤维方向的弹性模量E2和剪切模量G12分别为36.8 GPa、2.6 GPa、1.9 GPa,泊松比ν12=0.28,密度ρ=2046 kg/m3
测试时,首先通过特制的耐高温夹具将试件固定在隔热台面上,为了避免边界约束处的螺栓预紧力变化对结构的刚度产生影响,进而影响结构的固有特性,采用力矩扳手对每个螺栓均施加3 N•m的预紧力。在经过多次测试与对比后,选择1个振动响应在传感器量程范围信号较强的测点(图4(a)),该点距离试件约束端和右侧自由边分别为120 mm、25 mm,并将隔热台侧面作为反馈传感器的测点。然后,在激励幅值为1 g、频率为100 Hz的正弦基础激励条件下,分别开展不同温度和退化时间下的扫频和定频测试。图5(a)给出了在常温、500℃和1000℃条件下,试件的前2阶固有频率随退化时间的变化曲线,从图中可以看出,在常温下,振动激励持续时间在6 h内,前2阶固有频率略有下降,因此可忽略振动对试件性能退化的影响;薄板前2阶固有频率随着退化温度和时间的增加呈现明显下降趋势,并且温度越高,结构的退化现象越严重。由于高温导致复合材料的弹性模量、剪切模量降低,使结构的刚度下降,因此,在1000℃环境下退化6 h后,结构前2阶固有频率变化量的最大值Δfmax分别为-14.2%和-8.9%。以温度为1000℃、试件第1阶固有频率变化为例,退化2 h和6 h后,固有频率分别下降2.4 Hz和3.9 Hz,前2 h固有频率下降值占整个退化过程中的61.5%。退化速度呈先快后缓的趋势,主要有以下2个原因:1)复合材料的弹性模量在加热初期下降较快,随后逐渐稳定。2)退化初期热载荷导致复合材料结构内部产生温度梯度,从而引发热应力,进一步降低结构刚度,而在退化后期热应力逐渐降低[18]
以测试前2阶共振响应为例,图5(b)给出了在不同温度及退化时间下陶瓷基复合材料薄板的前2阶共振响应变化曲线,由图可知,在1000℃环境下退化6 h后,结构前2阶共振速度响应变化量的最大值Δvmax分别增加了35.9%和32.2%,这主要是持续的高温引起材料的弹性模量下降和热膨胀导致结构形变,从而降低了结构的刚度[19]所致。试件前2阶固有频率随退化时间的增长呈现下降趋势,表明热振耦合作用对复合材料结构的动态特性影响显著。因此,在后续研究中需重点考虑热振环境下的材料退化机制,并优化结构设计以提高其长期服役性能。
通过组建的火焰冲刷系统,对试件在不同冲刷时间下的第1阶固有频率和第1阶共振响应进行了测试,其结果如图6所示。由图6可知,随着火焰冲刷时间的增长,第1阶固有频率呈现下降趋势,冲刷6 h后,第1阶固有频率最大下降9.6%,第1阶共振响应最大增加了23.5%,这主要是火焰冲刷会引起石英陶瓷基纤维氧化,从而造成微观结构的破坏和损伤所致。
本文设计开发了高温-冲刷-振动环境下先进复合材料结构动态性能退化测试平台,并基于此平台对石英纤维陶瓷基复合材料薄板结构在不同温度、退化时间及冲刷时间条件下的退化现象进行了测试。主要结论如下:
1)在温度为1000℃条件下,因为持续的高温导致石英纤维陶瓷基复合材料的弹性模量出现退化,且热载荷会引发结构内部的温度梯度,产生的热应力进一步削弱了结构的刚度,致使结构的动态性能退化。
2)火焰冲刷引起材料微观结构损伤及纤维氧化,导致结构刚度下降,进而引发结构动态性能的退化。
  • 航空科学基金项目(2022Z009050002)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52175079; 12472005)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(N2103026)
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2025年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-094
  • 接收时间:2024-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-07
  • 修回日期:2024-11-12
基金
航空科学基金项目(2022Z009050002)
国家自然科学基金项目(52175079; 12472005)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(N2103026)
作者信息
    1.东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳 110819
    2.中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,辽宁沈阳 110015
    3.太行实验室,四川成都 610200

通讯作者:

李晖(1982-),男,博士,教授。主要研究领域:先进复合材料结构动力学。Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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